Number 20 of the Unified State Examination in Russian.

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Option 1. Elimination Option 2. Replacement Edit the sentence: correct lexical error, eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. In the area south pole An astronomer noticed Jupiter dark spot and at first mistook it for an unusual weather phenomenon, because storms often rage on this planet. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. At the end of the 17th century, supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young transformer of Russia, Peter the Great.

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Type of error Examples Use of a word in an unusual meaning We were shocked great game actors. The idea develops throughout the entire text. Non-distinction of shades of meaning introduced into a word by prefix and suffix (tested in task 5) My attitude to this problem has not changed. Effective measures were taken. Non-distinction of synonymous words In the final sentence, the author uses gradation. The use of words of a different stylistic coloring The author, addressing this problem, tries to direct people into a slightly different track. Inappropriate use of emotionally charged words and phraseological units Astafiev continually resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications. Unjustified use of colloquial words Such people always manage to bully others. Violation of lexical compatibility The author increases the impression. The author uses artistic features(instead of a remedy). The use of unnecessary words, including pleonasm The author conveys to us the beauty of the landscape with the help of artistic techniques. A young man, very beautiful The use of cognate words in a close context (tautology) This story tells about real events. Unjustified repetition of a word The hero of the story does not think about his actions. The hero does not even understand the full depth of what he has done. Poverty and monotony of syntactic structures When the writer came to the editorial office, he was received by the editor-in-chief. When they talked, the writer went to the hotel.

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Let's complete test task 20-1. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. He was afraid that Ostap would open the chair himself and, taking valuable treasures, leave, leaving him to the mercy of fate. valuable

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20-2. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. A young girl appeared on stage, dressed in a beautiful, silvery white dress. She walked with a light tread, turned around, smiled into the hall and walked some more. young

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20-3. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. The telephone alarmed him every minute and rang with the persistence of a tram car making its way through the goods market. tram

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20-4. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. The poem “Testament” by M. Yu. Lermontov was written in 1840 and in form represents the confession of the hero before his death. his

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20-5. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. Two boys and three girls were on their way to the city memorial, where on red granite slabs all the military units and ships that defended the city were listed. last war. memorable

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20-6. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. One thing I know for sure: I will never sit down to write my autobiography, even if I live to be a hundred years old. You have to be too in love with yourself to write about yourself without shame. mine

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20-7. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. On the train, the prince first meets Parfen Rogozhin, the son of a wealthy merchant, who inherited a huge fortune after his death. huge

Last year, a new task appeared, which was wedged between the old ones No. 19 and 20. This year the essence of the task has not changed, but it became the sixth.

This is what will be in it.

Tautology. Exception	Violation of lexical compatibility. Replacement
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. In the area of ​​Jupiter's south pole, the astronomer noticed a dark spot and At first he took it for an unusual weather phenomenon, because storms often rage on this planet. (Answer: unusual)	Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. At the end of the 17th century, supporters of Princess Sophia won defeat in the battle with the troops of the young transformer of Russia, Peter the Great. Answer: __________________________ (Answer: suffered)

Eliminating extra words

If you come across task 20 in the first formulation, you are lucky, because eliminating an extra word is much easier than choosing a replacement word.

The exclusion of a word is associated with redundancy of speech (repetition of what has been said), which is scientifically called tautology or pleonasm. Different textbooks interpret the concepts of "tautology" and "pleonasm" differently, don't think about it. To complete the task in the Unified State Exam, it is enough to understand the essence of the phenomenon.

You will easily understand why it was necessary to cross out the words in this text.

Such errors are of the same type, they are often found in speech, some pleonasms are even stable phrases, so you can make up a small dictionary of pleonasms and learn the phrases you need to pay attention to in the exam.

Brief dictionary of pleonasms

• young girl (all girls are young, there are no old ones)
• elderly old man (all old people are elderly)
• go down (you can only go down)
• rise up (similar)
• development of progress (progress is development)
• my autobiography (an autobiography is always written by the person himself)
• morning breakfast (breakfast is always in the morning)
• debut for the first time (debut - first performance)
• screenshot (screen - screenshot)
• price list (the price list is the prices)
• exhibition piece (exhibit - exhibited item)
• antagonistic struggle (in the meaning of the word “struggle” there is already the meaning of “antagonism”)
• constant constant (constant - constant)
• transport transportation (there is no other transportation, it is always transported by some kind of transport, even a cart is transport)
• free vacancy (vacancy - free space)
• during the month of March (March is the month)
• resume again (this is understandable)
• the best (see about the formation of the degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs)
• the maximum discount (maximum discount - nowhere else)
• he met them personally (if he met, he could only do it in person)

Download the dictionary of pleonasms

This knowledge should be enough for you to complete task 20 in the first version (delete the word).

Try a few test tasks independently with verification. To check, press +

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down.

There are more such examples in the webinar recording (see below).

It is much more difficult to find and correct an error associated with a violation of lexical compatibility.

Replacing an incorrectly used word

To find the word that needs to be replaced, you must first highlight a couple of words that cannot be related to each other in meaning or don't sound together. They say about such phrases: “It sounds kind of clumsy,” “It’s not said in Russian.”

So, we find two words that for some reason do not combine in meaning and do not sound together.

Examples of lexical compatibility violations

• it doesn't make any difference (it made a big difference)
• it carries (plays) a certain function
• due to severe frosts (enemy attack, terrible flood, disease...)
• sudden departure, withdrawal (sudden dismissal)
• defeat
• increase (decrease) level

Breaking tradition

• answer to the problem
• brown hair
• a pack of horses
• swarm of fish

Changing phraseological units

• sworn friends
• throw words to the wind

Unjustified oxymoron

• dead end exit
• monstrously beautiful
• notorious excellent students
• outrageous achievements
• shortcomings achieved
• make things worse
• pursued by luck
• scream in a whisper

Stylistic inconsistency

• erected a barn
• beautiful faces of criminals

One of these words must be replaced with one that is similar in sound, spelling, maybe in meaning, but suitable for the second word. In real texts, such a replacement is not always possible, but for the Unified State Examination they will select easier options.

Try completing a few of the 20 tasks yourself. Click + to see the correct answer. If it doesn't work, watch the webinar recording. Everything was explained there.

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

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1 Lexical norms, Task 20 of the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language Training exercises. Indicate which word is extra: The chicks fall down to the ground. Starts at 19 pm. In December, six unauthorized absences were recorded. I worked for five years without receiving a penny of money. In my personal opinion, the exhibition did not arouse much interest. Don't turn your nose up! We will find out in the very next few days. The relationship between the spouses has improved. The reader's mistakes were unpleasant to hear. In the writer's literary heritage, the exposure of false aesthetic attitudes occupies a large and prominent place. The freedom-loving theme is the main leitmotif of Nekrasov’s entire work. In fact, Khlestakov is a person very divorced from the reality of life. The new alloy is an excellent welding material for electric welding of steel products. All students completed the assigned task in a timely manner. There are noticeable differences between the various traditions of general language didactics. Atmospheric air pollution is a burning and pressing problem of our century. The conversation we had has come to its final end. The heroine’s appearance is quite attractive. Mark the sentence without a speech error (where there is no tautology): The hero purposefully strives for the intended goal. Yuri Gagarin, who is the first cosmonaut, is also an example for modern youth. The thundering guns were deafening with their roar. Clean room new school made a pleasant impression with its purity. Studying was easy for Gagarin: he invariably received straight A's. Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): at any time return back import from abroad unite together Mark the sentence without a speech error (where there is no pleonasm):

2 The dark darkness of the well did not frighten the boy, and he boldly rushed to the aid of the drowning girl. Nikolai has always been the leading leader of our friendly team. My professional colleagues love to debate, and it is often difficult to convince them of anything. Communication satellites and weather services are constantly operating in near-Earth orbits. Mark the sentences that contain pleonasm. Each hero of the novel has his own individual traits. The consequences of your mistake will follow immediately. A thorough inspection of the equipment is necessary. From the lecture on the art of communication we learned a lot of new and useful knowledge Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): waved his hands the price list fell down at any minute of time Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): more important time rushes in the month of September relationships between people Mark the phrase used without a speech error (tautology or pleonasm): first premiere rise up ultimately stronger Mark the sentences where there is pleonasm. The last remnant of free trade are spontaneous bazaars. I had to study at a technical school during the day, and at the flying club in the evening. When I returned back to my friends, our joy knew no bounds. The interior of the rest room was conducive to a pleasant time: here you could relax after a day's work. Find cases of tautology and pleonasm. Correct the sentences. 1) In Tolstoy, each character has his own face. 2) In addition to the main classes, in the afternoon we have elective classes in the second specialty. 3) This is a monumental monument. 4) Do you have any vacancies? 5) The hero of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” purposefully strives for his goal. 6) This was his first debut.

3 Find cases of tautology and correct the phrases: 1. According to information from informed sources, the signing of an “Agreement on National Accord” is planned. 2. Expanding on the proposed topic, we will try to reveal the concept of employment in the new socio-economic conditions of Russia. 3. In contrast to the development of entrepreneurship in the 19th century, which was distinguished by its originality and nationality, entrepreneurship in the 20th century presents a more varied picture. 4. Commodity exchanges were formed in the form joint stock companies. 5. The company does not yet have a special marketing department, and all functions are still performed by a marketing engineer. 6. Traditional economic theories have traditionally (most often and usually) taken into account only lower needs. Eliminate speech redundancy and tautology: 1. By the end of the competition, more better position turned out to be Team Arrow. 2. Our athletes were not able to compete with the Chinese and only competed for places starting from third. 3. We began to see more clearly the possibilities and ways of moving forward. 4. Based on what they found, there is already strong evidence in favor of this hypothesis. 5. Participants in the creative expedition spoke about prospects for the future. 6. After her first debut in a famous film, the young actress began to receive offers to act abroad. 7. The worker was fired for absenteeism without good reason. 8. At a scientific seminar, the author outlined the main essence of this book.

4 Training tasks 20 Unified State Examination 2018 in the Russian language FIRST PART 1. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. The employer must offer a vacancy to all employees at the same time. 2. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, At the top there was a shop that sold souvenirs, an excellent information desk and toilet rooms. 3. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error, You feel like a queen, people make way on the street, work colleagues nod respectfully, Arkady Borisych politely offers his hand wrapped in sterile paper. 4. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error. From the very beginning of the work, the author conducts a mutual dialogue with the reader, shows his attitude towards the main characters, their experiences, thoughts.

5 5. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, Do not smoke yourself, this way you will maintain your health; Do not be surrounded by people who smoke, as “passive smoking” weakens the protective immune system. 6. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. According to the printed press, for 9 months of 2006, 2 million 276 thousand people used long-distance trains, 945 thousand people used suburban trains. 7. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, The Chusovaya River basin for several centuries served as a bloody arena in which the most fierce struggle of local aborigines with unknown newcomers was in full swing. 8. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, conscientiously entering into notebook According to his observations, Mr. Pickwick was mistaken for a secret spy, and the coachman decided to beat him and his friends who had joined him.

6 9. Edit sentence: correct lexical error, She had soft features, and when we made a decision, her eyes and smile would light up, as if she had been given a free gift. 10. Edit sentence: correct lexical error, Currently Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the life of many countries. Half of the world's fish catch comes from this water area. 11. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, He was afraid that Ostap would open the chair himself and, having taken valuable treasures, leave, leaving him to the mercy of fate. 12. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. A young girl came onto the stage, dressed in a beautiful white dress shimmering with silver. She walked with a light tread, turned around, smiled into the hall and walked some more.

7 13. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, The telephone alarmed him every minute and rang with the persistence of a tram car making its way through the goods market. 14. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Testament” was written in 1840 and in form represents the hero’s confession before his death. 15. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error, Two boys and three girls went on shift to the city memorial, where on red granite slabs all the military units and ships that defended the city in the last war were listed. 16. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error. One thing I know for sure: I will never sit down to write my autobiography again, even if I live to be a hundred years old. You have to be too in love with yourself to write about yourself without shame.

8 17. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error. On the train, the prince first meets Parfen Rogozhin, the son of a wealthy merchant, who inherited a huge fortune after his death. 18. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, More than a hundred countries around the world import oil from abroad, which has tripled in price since 1998. 19. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, Nagulnov found himself at the barn in two leaps, knocked down the guy standing on the threshold with a blow of his clenched fist, sharply slammed the door and firmly leaned his back against it. 20. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error. During the first quarter, it is necessary to create a price list for household services.

9 21. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. A conversation was read with the convoy drivers about the inadmissibility of smoking and talking on the phone while working on the line. 22. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Satin's romantic dream of a proud, free, strong man the reality of his life is contraindicated. 23. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. It seemed to me that on this journey the lion's share of all the work fell on me. This situation did not suit me. 24. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. To increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, you need to adjust your diet.

10 25. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Due to severe frosts, the water supply network froze and transformers were damaged in a number of cities and regions of the country. 26. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Famusov lives by the slogan: “It’s signed, so off your shoulders.” 27. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. This event, which occurred in early spring, played a great role in later life hero. 28. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. All those present agreed to learn this story, or, as the postmaster put it, a somewhat interesting poem for the writer.

11 29. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. She was apparently not averse to moving even further, but the design of the device did not allow her to foretell good weather more persistently. 30. Edit the sentence: correct a lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Many psychologists adhere to the attitude that all good and all bad personality traits are established in childhood. ANSWERS 1. free 2. memorable 3 for work 4. mutual 5. protective 6. printed 7. local 8. secret 9. free 10. water 11. valuable 12. young

12 13. commodity 14. its 15. memorable 16.my 17.first 18.from abroad 19.compressed 20.price 21.carried out 22.opposed 23.share 24.increase 25.due to 26.principle 27. has 28.desire 29.to predict 30.opinions

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14 Theory An extra word (pleonasm, that is, speech redundancy) is a combination of two words that is erroneous from the point of view of the norms of lexical compatibility, in which one of them is superfluous, so both of them either do not differ at all in meaning (so-called absolute synonyms), or they differ insignificantly, or, finally, these words belong to different parts of speech and are adjacent in semantics (cf.: Bazarov is somewhat harsh. The word somewhat determines the degree of the attribute, which is expressed in the adjective itself by the suffix ovat-) Pleonasms are different in structure 1) a combination of two unambiguous ( synonymous) nouns, perceived as a designation of different, although homogeneous concepts: Swearing and swearing were heard. 2) a combination of an adjective and a noun, in which the meaning of the adjective to a certain extent duplicates the meaning contained in the noun: Dark darkness has fallen. 3) a combination of two unambiguous (synonymous) verbs: We remember and do not forget the heroes of the war. 4) a combination of two unambiguous (synonymous) adjectives: Raskolnikov lived in a small little closet. 5) combination of verb and adverb: The enemies were getting closer and closer. Tautology (a type of pleonasm) repeated designation in other words of an already named concept (multiply many times, ask a question, an unusual phenomenon, etc.) p/n Type of error Use of a word in a meaning unusual for it Failure to distinguish shades of meaning introduced into the word by a prefix and suffix (checked in task 5) Failure to distinguish synonymous words Use of words of a different stylistic coloring Inappropriate use of emotionally charged words and phraseological units Unjustified use of colloquial, slang words Violation of lexical compatibility Use of unnecessary words, including pleonasm Use of cognate words side by side or in a close context (tautology) Unjustified repetition of a word Poverty and monotony of syntactic constructions Unsuccessful use of pronouns Classification speech errors Examples We were shocked by the excellent acting. The idea develops throughout the entire text. My attitude towards this problem has not changed. Effective measures were taken. In the final sentence, the author uses gradation. The author, addressing this problem, tries to direct people into a slightly different direction. Astafiev continually resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications. Such people always manage to outdo others. The author enhances the impression. The author uses artistic features (instead of a medium). The author conveys to us the beauty of the landscape using artistic techniques. A young man, very beautiful. This story tells about real events. The hero of the story does not think about his actions. The hero does not even understand the full depth of what he has done. When the writer came to the editorial office, the editor-in-chief received him. When they talked, the writer went to the hotel. This text was written by V. Belov. It raises an important issue. Note: The wording of task 20 is possible in two options: deleting a word or replacing it. 2

15 Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. Option 1 1. Today the price list can be seen in any cafe. 2. His humanity and humanity are known to everyone. 3. I urgently needed to write my autobiography. 4. This crime shocked the whole city. 5. In our city, a memorial monument dedicated to internationalist soldiers was unveiled in a solemn ceremony. Option 2 1. Tanya faithful wife to my husband. 2. Since 1839, the poet was exiled 2 times. 3. In the Urals, ore is mined in mines. 4. He must understand that life is not over, that he must fight until the end of his life. 5. Until the end of his life he remembered her. Option 3 1. This book describes actual facts. 2. In anticipation of the upcoming battle, the soldiers checked their ammunition and cleaned their weapons. 3. During student practice, we collected works of different genres of folklore. 4. At the festival, veterans were presented with memorable souvenirs and valuable gifts. 5. Enterprise managers continue to rely on the ministry's guidelines. Option 4 1. A memorial monument was erected on Poklonnaya Hill. 2. Indians are the indigenous aborigines of America. 3. The workers were paid wages for the month of May. 4. Check the cost of goods and services against the price list. 5. A vacancy has appeared. Option 5 1. Please write your autobiography. 2. Long and prolonged applause did not cease in the concert hall. 3. Courageous and brave people won a victory over the Nazis. 4. The dead corpse lay motionless and showed no signs of life. 5. Do not touch bare wires with unprotected palms. Option 6 1. This was the first debut of the aspiring actor. 2. You need to save every minute of your time in the workplace. 3. The chairman of the house committee made an announcement about the upcoming meeting of residents. 4. In Tolstoy, each character has its own individual traits. 5. The teacher’s gaze instilled fear and fear in the children. Option 7 1. At the end of the speech, the speaker briefly summarized his proposals. 2. Former ex-The minister decided to return to Moscow. 3. Local aborigines joyfully greeted the travelers. 4. With the palm of his hand, he slowly stroked the child’s head. 5. This girl made a very wonderful impression on everyone. Option 8 1. Illegal gangs terrorized the entire city. 2. In response to our request, we received the following response. 3

16 3. Our activities are aimed at developing communication and communications. 4. This plan requires adjustments and amendments. 5. In the month of May turnover cash amounted to rubles. Option 9 1. The speaker devoted most of his speech to analyzing the political situation. 2. The main point reasoning lies in the thesis of the text. 3. A tiny dwarf appeared in front of us as if out of the ground. 4. My mother cooks very tasty belyashi with meat. 5. The first grader quickly went down the school stairs, hurrying to class. Option The soft light of the evening sunset captured our imagination. 2. There is no other alternative and cannot be. 3. He walked towards the house. 4. Defamatory slander always hits the heart painfully. 5. My mother makes delicious apple charlotte. Option People invest huge sums of money in time-related projects. 2. I liked the picture because it depicts the everyday life of the people. 3. Troekurov was wasteful, loved rich luxury. 4. Kirila Petrovich sent ambassadors for Dubrovsky. 5. At the station Dubrovsky met an unknown stranger. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Option Everyone understands the concept of “happiness” in their own way. 2. At the end of the 17th century, supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young transformer of Russia, Peter the Great. 3. Irina has brown hair and green eyes. 4. Famusov acts according to the slogan: “It’s signed, so off your shoulders.” 5. Alyosha resignedly endured all the hardships of life. Option Onegin leads a festive lifestyle. 2. Bazarov’s sideburns were sandy in color. 3. The exploits of sappers, tank crews, and pilots are told in such stories as “Small stories about great exploits” by Surkov. 4. Pechorin main character"Hero of our time." 5. At night the guys saw a watchman guarding the estate. Option After classes we went to the sports area. 2. Pechorin has a sharp mind, which helps him judge people correctly. 3. Pierre poked from corner to corner in search of the meaning of life. 4. Tikhon Shcherbaty stands before us as a man of heroic strength. 5. Mayakovsky wrote the poem “Strictly Forbidden” in the newspaper “Krasnaya Niva”. Option The writer wrote this novel at a time when progressive youth were passionate about natural sciences. 2. The merchant Lopakhin bought an estate, the most beautiful of which is not in the world. 3. During the renovation, the craftsmen carefully eliminated all the unevenness of the walls. 4

17 4. This incredible incident, which left a mark on my memory, happened to me in my youth. 5. This axiom is still worth proving to future mathematicians. Option Rumors began in the Duma that a change of government was imminent. 2. The story of the Xerox box during the presidential election has essentially become a legend. 3. Finally, the toastmaster stood up and raised a toast to the hero of the day. 4. His patience finally ran out. 5. Now domestic manufacturers are trying to reduce the cost of goods. Option It was a brave thought. 2. I knew that my friend was a very weak person. 3. The lion's share of the work was done. 4. At this party he started flirting with her. 5. He told me about it with climax. Option Far from your homeland, you deeply feel your responsibility for what is happening at home. 2. It was cold throughout the fourth decade of April. 3. We have successfully implemented this problem. 4. The lawyer sought to have his client cleared. 5. This year there is a large harvest of kavuns. Option My school years were not wasted in vain. 2. Parents must set an example of behavior for their children in everything. 3. The lecturer spoke about the outrageous achievements of the century. 4. Let's take a brief look at history. 5. The repair period may be extended. Option The effectiveness of the saving mode largely depends on how much financial expenses are limited. 2. No one has the right to prohibit a journalist from talking with eyewitnesses of the incident, witnesses, and then stating his credo. 3. He drew well, wrote poetry, stories, and was a regular at amateur performances. 4. In our library there is a very scarce book, the first edition of “Travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow.” 5. They work like the most notorious specialists. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. Option Pechorin came from a noble aristocratic family. 2. Sholokhov wrote “Virgin Soil Upturned” hot on the heels of events, when memories of the events were still fresh. 3. No, neither the thunderstorm nor the prophecy of the crazy and insane old woman served as the reason for Katerina’s confession. 4. As a young man he came to St. Petersburg. 5. Colleagues at work came to visit the sick Nikolai Petrovich. Option My attitude to present reality is sharply negative. 2. We must overcome all old remnants and move forward. 5

18 3. What attracts me most in the novel is Natasha Rostova, who is distinguished by her special artistic charm. 4. What I especially like about Oleg is his tender attitude towards his mother. 5. Only with the name of Pushkin does such a feeling of something close and dear appear. Option Eugene Onegin did not find happiness in his life. 2. Boris, a character in the drama “The Thunderstorm,” has nothing and is completely dependent on his uncle. 3. Mayakovsky's poem is passionately connected with reality. 4. The physically wounded Falcon wanted to fly into the sky once again. 5. He is again experiencing new disappointment. Option After the meeting at top level The parties signed an agreement on mutual cooperation. 2. At the end of the year my benefit performance will take place, and for the first time I will go on stage to my beloved audience. 3. The first customers were visible behind the stained glass windows of the store. 4. Residents of our city witnessed a theatrical performance. 5. The first premiere took place. Option No one cares about the life of his neighbor. 2. young girl sacrificed everything to help the family. 3. If your love is deep and sincere, you are ready to devote your whole life to it 4. An arsenal of weapons was destroyed in Syria. 5. Patrol ships walked around the water area water bodies, checking for min. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Option The mistake of youth cannot be returned. 2. Thanks to a strong hurricane, the roof of the house was torn off. 3. A regional chess tournament was held at school. Our class was defeated. 4. Due to the upcoming military parade, traffic along the main street will be closed. 5. Inveterate patriots, as they called themselves, gathered for the rally. Variation This story tells about two lovers who received “sunstroke”. 2. There is an announcement at the station: “The ticket office for business travelers is on the second floor. 3. You can start the meeting: the forum already exists. 4. For free games, we bring many different attributes onto the playground: reins, sleds, slippers. 5. The number of readers of our library is constantly progressing. Option In Russian language class we wrote an essay based on a painting. Alyonushka caught my attention: her cheeks were flushed, her eyes looked into the distance. 2. Open lesson went off with a bang, colleagues who visited him were shocked by the highest skill of the teacher. 3. The Battle of Borodino revealed the best that was in Prince Andrei’s soul. 4. Colleagues congratulated me on my anniversary. 5. Curled up in a ball and sitting comfortably on a chair, our beloved kitten is sleeping. 6

19 Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. Option For a long period of time, we have been applying for a foreign passport. 2. The deep abyss scared us. 3. The ball thrown by the child jumped up sharply. 4. When the dressmaker sewed the dress, she joined two pieces together. 5. When we were in the mountains, the instructor, supporting me, often extended the palm of his hand to me so that I felt confident. Option A huge avalanche of snow was rushing towards us from the mountains. 2. A satirical caricature of poor students and truants appeared in the school magazine. 3. Suddenly, at the holiday dedicated to May 9, music started playing loudly. 4. Students of the Faculty of Philology went to collect folklore. 5. A memorial monument to the heroes who defended the village from the Nazis was erected in Victory Park. 6. Bunin talks about a military lieutenant. 7

20 Pleonasms are phrases containing a semantically unnecessary component. Tautology is an identity, that is, a repetition of what was said in different words or a repetition of words with the same root. Author's note: The extra word in the dictionary remains unhighlighted. A Automatic reflex Water area of ​​water bodies Antagonistic struggle Habitat Fragrant perfume Arsenal of weapons Atmospheric air B Uselessly disappears Free gift Best seller Biography of life A large and prominent place A big human thank you Former ex-champion Bouquet of flowers B Relationships between spouses Mutual dialogue Water area Resume again Leading leader Go back Fly up Saw with my own eyes Visual image National referendum Go back Memories of the past Ultimately Interior interior First debut First time getting to know Ahead is in the lead Temporary deferment Any and all Wages paid G Heroic feat Death of human victims Gigantic/huge giant The main essence The main leitmotif The main leitmotif A flock of sheep Response counterattack Response response Retreat back Very tiny P Memorable souvenir Patriot of the Motherland First premiere Relic of the past Time period Feathered birds Permanent permanence Perspective for the future Printed press Written office work Repeat again Underwater diving Climb up Everyday routine Elderly old man Full right Complete carte blanche Completely destroyed Towards (place) Plans for the future Helped and contributed (one extra word) In my personal opinion Popular hit Visit/visit Progressive movement forward Pre-planning Pre-payment Pre-announcement Anticipate in advance Warn in advance Price list, tariffs Dreamed about Work production Stand idle Heavy rain Industrial industry Past experience 8

21 Main priority Vile lie Blue blue Hospitalization D Hair removal Demobilize from the army Actions and deeds (one extra word) Acting act Driving leitmotif Long and continuous (one extra) Additional bonus Additional overtime Another alternative E Unanimous consensus F Gesticulated with hands Live a boring life G Specified data Deliberate slander Visiting guest worker Abuse of drunkenness/alcoholism/drug addiction Boring and boring (one extra word) Exciting thriller And hackneyed banality Abounded in large quantities Takes place Import from abroad Break interval Interactive interaction Information message Extremely exclusive True background True truth True reality IT - technology K Punitive repression Nods his head Colleague at work/profession Communicative communication Consensus of opinions A short moment Corrections and corrections (one extra word) Extremely extremist Brief summary 24/7 non-stop L Palms of hands Ice iceberg Power line Personally Me Frontal view M Route of movement Full house Complete fiasco Assassination attempt Popular hit Awesome shock Postal correspondence Ariadne's guiding thread Five rubles (any other option) money R Equal half The narrator told (another verb) Reality Revolutionary coup Registration accounting Reorganization of the organization Fish soup C Unauthorized absenteeism The very near future The most profitable The summit at the highest level The best Satirical cartoon Free vacancy Secret spy Touch sensor Service department Customer service Clenched fist CD disk SI system GPS system High-speed express Screenshot from the monitor screen Mix together SMS message Joint meeting Joint agreement Joint cooperation Put together Go down Strange paradox Passion for graphomania Strict taboo Superstitious belief Significant difference Invoice for payment T So, for example (one extra word) Secret anonymous Nevertheless, however (one extra word) Dark-skinned black woman Test trials Dark darkness Crowd of people Only (one of the words is redundant) Trampling Traumatic injury 9

22 International internationalism Memorial monument Food menu Local aboriginal Dead corpse Young girl Young boy Monumental monument Morally ethical (one extra) Blinked his eyes Silent pause My autobiography or my autobiography Minuscule little things Minus three degrees below zero Minute of time Facial expressions Courageous and bold (one word superfluous) N At a high professional level Visually demonstrate The most optimal For today = for today Legacy of the past Folklore Surprisingly strange Initial basics Indignation with indignation Illegal gangs Unused reserves Unfounded inventions Unusual phenomenon Open up a little Unconfirmed rumors Unpleasant to cut one's ears Nervous tic Unstable imbalance Nostalgia for you Nostalgia for the homeland About the United Union Unite together A huge colossus A fragment of a broken (thing) Online webinars on the Internet Experienced experimental (one extra) Experienced expert Thirty construction workers (and other options) Employment Inauguration ceremony U See with your own eyes See with your own eyes Already existing Already existed Multiply many times Hear with your own ears Fell down Established fact Sustainable stabilization Morning dawn F Final end Forces at an accelerated pace X Brave hero Timing of time T Entirely and completely (one extra) Valuable treasures Time pressure H Human society Human thanks Ambitious ambitions Extremely huge SH show display (one extra word) E Exhibits of the exhibition Emotional feelings Energetic activity Epicenter of events Y Young youth Young girl I am January (and any other) month Note: The pronoun his can act as a pleonasm. Before his death, he wrote a will. 10

23 Answers Option number Option 1 prices humanity//humanity my criminal memorial Option 2 to my husband (in) links) (in) mines of my life Option 3 valid upcoming folk memorial guiding Option 4 memorable root month prices free Option 5 its long/lasting courageous / brave dead hands Option 6 first time upcoming their fear Option 7 briefly former local hands very Option 8 illegal in response communications adjustments/amendments month Option 9 large home tiny meat down Option 10 evening other in the direction defaming apple Option 11 finance life rich ambassadors of the unknown Option 12 word suffered chestnut (according to) the principle of hardship Option 13 idle sand narrate, works character person Option 14 platform allows tossed appears published Option 15 created acquired liquidated occurred theorem Option 16 spread / conversations in parables proclaimed / uttered overflowed reduce / reduce Option 17 bold very / very share / great care (with) delight / rapture / passion Option 18 deeply last decided justified watermelons Option 19 passed the example of the greatest excursion extended Option 20 means opinion participant rare experienced Option 21 noble (about) events crazy / crazy young at work Option 22 real old artistic his such Option 23 his quite hot physically again Option 24 mutual for the first time glass spectators first Option 25 his young his weapons water objects Option 26 (not) correct because of suffered because of true Option 27 Works //narrated by business travelers quorum of objects is growing Option 28 cheeks affected opened by the attack curled up Option 29 time deep up together hands Option 30 huge satirical loud folk memorial 6. military

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In 2018, all the main characteristics of the Unified State Examination work in the Russian language as a whole will be preserved.

The examination paper includes a new task (20), testing knowledge lexical norms modern Russian literary language (except for paronyms).

Increased primary score for completing all exam work from 57 to 58.

The advisability of including a new task in the examination paper is determined by the results of a single state exam: the results of mastering lexical norms are generally satisfactory, but not high. Teachers are well aware that students often have difficulty interpreting the lexical meaning of a word, school graduates mix up foreign names, and the inability of students to accurately express their thoughts makes the wording inaccurate and vague.

Task 20 in the 2018 exam materials tests the development of skills in stylistic editing (inappropriate use of words, forms or structures) in coherent texts (sentences). It should be noted that a wealth of material for creating the task is contained in the essays of the exam participants.

The main types of speech errors (Table 1), presented in Educational and methodological materials for chairmen and members of regional subject commissions for checking the completion of tasks with detailed answers for the 2017 Unified State Examination papers.

Table 1

No.	Type of error	Examples
1	Using a word in a meaning that is unusual for it	We were shocked wonderful acting. Thought develops on continuation the entire text.
2	Non-distinction of shades of meaning introduced into a word by prefix and suffix (tested in task 5)	My attitude to this problem is not has changed. Were accepted spectacular measures.
3	Failure to distinguish synonymous words	IN final In the sentence, the author uses gradation.
4	The use of words of a different stylistic coloring	The author, addressing this problem, tries to guide people a little different track.
5	Inappropriate use of emotionally charged words and phraseological units	Astafiev every now and then resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications.
6	Unjustified use of colloquial words	Such people always succeed burn others.
7	Violation of lexical compatibility	Author enhances the impression. Author uses artistic peculiarities(instead of funds).
8	Use of unnecessary words, including pleonasm	The author conveys the beauty of the landscape us using artistic techniques. Young young man, Very beautiful
9	The use of words with the same root in a close context (tautology)	In this the story is told about real events.
10	Unjustified repetition of a word	Hero story does not think about his actions. Hero He doesn’t even understand the depth of what he’s done.
11	Poverty and monotony of syntactic structures	When the writer came to the editorial office, he was accepted by the editor-in-chief. When they talked, the writer went to the hotel.

Features of the linguistic material determined the possible options for presenting the task in exam paper. The wording of task 20 is possible in two options: excluding a word or replacing it. Let's give examples.

Option 1. Exception	Option 2. Replacement
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. In the area of ​​Jupiter's south pole, an astronomer noticed a dark spot and initially mistook it for an unusual weather phenomenon, because storms often rage on this planet. (Answer: unusual)	Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. At the end of the 17th century, supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young transformer of Russia, Peter the Great. Answer: __________________________. (Answer: suffered)

The methodology for preventing speech errors in Russian language lessons should be based, firstly, on recognizing errors various types and, secondly, to eliminate them (using special techniques). Moreover, the error recognition stage itself should be based on an understanding of the semantic contradiction provoked by the error in a given sentence. This means that work with task 20 should not be reduced only to the requirement to correct an error. Completing this task will require a special algorithm for its implementation: find a semantic (semantic) contradiction (error signal) → recognize the error, indicate its type (do not mix it with means of expressiveness) → if it is an error, correct it.

In general, we should talk about creating in the lesson problematic situation, which will be effective only if students understand it well and are convinced of the need to solve the problem. It is important that the problem posed is conditioned and prepared by the course of the lesson, the logic of working on new material. Otherwise, the problematic formulation of the problem from an effective, developing factor can turn into an inhibitory factor. educational activities students.

In 2018, all the main characteristics of the Unified State Examination work in the Russian language as a whole will be preserved.

The examination paper includes a new task (20), testing knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian literary language (except for paronyms).

The primary score for completing all examination work has been increased from 57 to 58.

The advisability of including a new task in the examination work is determined by the results of the unified state exam: the results of mastering lexical norms are generally satisfactory, but not high. Teachers are well aware that students often have difficulty interpreting the lexical meaning of a word, school graduates mix up foreign names, and the inability of students to accurately express their thoughts makes the wording inaccurate and vague.

Task 20 in the 2018 exam materials tests the development of skills in stylistic editing (inappropriate use of words, forms or structures) in coherent texts (sentences). It should be noted that a wealth of material for creating the task is contained in the essays of the exam participants.

As the basis for the linguistic material of task 20, the main types of speech errors (Table 1) will be taken, presented in the Educational and methodological materials for chairmen and members of regional subject commissions for checking the completion of tasks with a detailed answer of the 2017 Unified State Examination papers.

Table 1

No.	Type of error	Examples
1	Using a word in a meaning that is unusual for it	We were shocked wonderful acting. Thought develops on continuation the entire text.
2	Non-distinction of shades of meaning introduced into a word by prefix and suffix (tested in task 5)	My attitude to this problem is not has changed. Were accepted spectacular measures.
3	Failure to distinguish synonymous words	IN final In the sentence, the author uses gradation.
4	The use of words of a different stylistic coloring	The author, addressing this problem, tries to guide people a little different track.
5	Inappropriate use of emotionally charged words and phraseological units	Astafiev every now and then resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications.
6	Unjustified use of colloquial words	Such people always succeed burn others.
7	Violation of lexical compatibility	Author enhances the impression. Author uses artistic peculiarities(instead of funds).
8	Use of unnecessary words, including pleonasm	The author conveys the beauty of the landscape us using artistic techniques. Young young man, Very beautiful
9	The use of words with the same root in a close context (tautology)	In this the story is told about real events.
10	Unjustified repetition of a word	Hero story does not think about his actions. Hero He doesn’t even understand the depth of what he’s done.
11	Poverty and monotony of syntactic structures	When the writer came to the editorial office, he was accepted by the editor-in-chief. When they talked, the writer went to the hotel.

The peculiarities of the linguistic material determined the possible options for presenting the task in the examination paper. The wording of task 20 is possible in two options: excluding a word or replacing it. Let's give examples.

Option 1. Exception	Option 2. Replacement
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by eliminating the extra word. Write this word down. In the area of ​​Jupiter's south pole, an astronomer noticed a dark spot and initially mistook it for an unusual weather phenomenon, because storms often rage on this planet. (Answer: unusual)	Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language. At the end of the 17th century, supporters of Princess Sophia were defeated in a battle with the troops of the young transformer of Russia, Peter the Great. Answer: __________________________. (Answer: suffered)

The methodology for preventing speech errors in Russian language lessons should be based, firstly, on recognizing errors of various types and, secondly, on eliminating them (using special techniques). Moreover, the error recognition stage itself should be based on an understanding of the semantic contradiction provoked by the error in a given sentence. This means that work with task 20 should not be reduced only to the requirement to correct an error. Completing this task will require a special algorithm for its implementation: find a semantic (semantic) contradiction (error signal) → recognize the error, indicate its type (do not mix it with means of expressiveness) → if it is an error, correct it.

In general, we should talk about creating a problem situation in the lesson, which will be effective only if the students understand it well and are convinced of the need to resolve the problem. It is important that the problem posed is conditioned and prepared by the course of the lesson, the logic of working on new material. Otherwise, the problematic formulation of the problem from an effective, developing factor can turn into a factor inhibiting the educational activity of students.