What nature does a person belong to? Examples in pictures

Most people played “living and non-living” games in childhood. The details of the game may differ in each individual case, but the essence is that the presenter names the item, and the players must decide which group to assign it to. However, is everything so simple in assigning status to one or another object?

This article, with visual pictures and examples, as well as tasks for self-preparation and self-test, will help you understand the concepts of “object” and “natural phenomenon”, their classification and what characteristics they have, and will also help you remember once and for all the differences between the words “living” " and "non-living".

Lesson topic: “Objects of living and inanimate nature”

Everything that surrounds us, but was not made by human hands, that is, what was created without his participation, all organic and inorganic components of the Universe are called nature. The science in which scientists have collected basic knowledge about objects and phenomena on Earth is called natural science.

Educational pictures for children

Live nature

Living is something that breathes, eats, grows and reproduces, such as insects, plants, fungi, animals and man himself.

Examples in pictures

Signs of wildlife

The main characteristics of living objects are:

birth, development and growth;
reproduction;
nutrition;
breath;
movement;
death.

Thus, after birth, any organism eventually grows into an adult (from a seed/kitten/chick/baby to a tree/cat/bird/adult) capable of producing offspring.

Throughout life cycle living things need food (water for plants, plants for herbivores, meat for carnivores) and air environment, necessary and suitable for breathing (to absorb the necessary gas-air mixture from water, fish and other inhabitants of aquatic spaces have gills, land animals and humans pass air through their lungs, and plants have special cells for absorbing carbon dioxide).

Living organisms have the ability to move: for example, a person has legs, animals have paws, fish have fins and a tail, and plants turn their leaves towards the sun, thereby moving, like it, from east to west during the day).

The life cycle ends with death, when the body stops breathing, moving, and absorbing food.

Inanimate nature

Objects such as air, wind, clouds, water, snow, mountains, sand, fallen leaves are considered inanimate objects of nature. And although there are objects that are capable of movement (waterfall, snowfall, leaf fall) or growth (mountains), they cannot breathe, feed and reproduce, unlike living objects.

Examples in pictures

Signs of inanimate objects of nature

Unlike objects of living nature, inanimate bodies they don’t grow, don’t eat, don’t breathe, and so on. So they are different:

sustainability;
low variability;
inability and lack of need to eat and breathe;
inability to reproduce;
inability to move and grow.

For example, a mountain, having once appeared on Earth, will not disappear or die, it can only change its state (for example, collapse and gradually turn into dust under the influence of precipitation or winds); the sea also cannot die, since the water only changes its state of aggregation(can be in the form of water, steam or ice depending on atmospheric conditions, such as temperature or pressure), so the evaporation of water from a reservoir leads to the formation of clouds and clouds that rain. The so-called “growth” of a mountain or lake also cannot be attributed to a sign of living nature, since this does not occur due to the formation of new cells, but due to the addition of new ones to existing parts of objects.

Connection of natural objects

Without inanimate objects, the existence of living organisms would be impossible. So, the most important are soil, water, air and sun.

The soil is extremely important environment, since it protects living organisms from toxins, neutralizing them, significant physical and chemical processes also occur in it: dead animals and plants decompose and form minerals and natural fertilizer for plants.
Air is necessary for the respiration of living organisms, as well as for the formation nutrients in other environments.
Water is also necessary for all life on Earth. Without it, life on the planet could not appear and exist. For some animals and plants, water is their home, for others it is an integral part of their diet.
The sun produces the heat and energy necessary for the emergence and maintenance of life, and is also part of the process of photosynthesis in plants, which allows the transformation carbon dioxide(a product of animal and human respiration) into oxygen necessary for life and breathing.

Thus, natural objects are closely related. Moreover, this dependence works in both directions. Thus, the rotting of dead creatures enriches the soil with necessary substances and microelements, terrestrial and underwater plants change the composition of the environment due to photosynthesis, and fish living in reservoirs maintain physicochemical characteristics water.

Schemes of object interaction

The interaction of living organisms with each other, with groups of other earthly creatures, as well as with their habitat, is studied by the science of ecology. The diagrams below represent models of the relationships between living and nonliving objects on Earth.

Concept of natural phenomenon

Changes in nature that occur independently, not by the will of man, are called natural phenomena. Most of them depend on the changing seasons and are called seasonal weather (natural) phenomena. Since nature is divided into living and nonliving, phenomena are also divided according to the same principle.

Examples of natural phenomena

Winter

It would seem that in winter nature “sleeps”. However, most animals give birth to offspring in their cozy, specially prepared houses in winter. By spring, the kids will have grown up and will be ready to enter a new big world for them.

Spring

In spring, nature “comes to life” after winter. Animals emerge from their burrows and raise a new generation. Many animals shed their winter coats and change color from winter white to summer gray or brown.

Young plants begin to appear from under the melted snow, green grass, the buds on the trees swell and bloom. Gradually, the bare branches of the trees become overgrown with bright green foliage, and the blossoming flowers begin to emit pleasant aromas, thereby attracting the attention of insects. Insects pollinate flowers, collecting food for their large families and allowing the first fruits to set.

Summer

Flowering and pollination, as well as fruit ripening, which began in the spring, continue throughout the summer.

Autumn

Autumn is the time of harvests and preparations. Birds and animals begin to stock up on ripe fruits for the winter, setting up their houses so that they can feel warm and comfortable when raising their offspring.

Plants dry out, leaves on trees turn bright red and yellow, and then fall off.

Examples of inanimate phenomena

in winter

Winter is always associated with a drop in temperature. This occurs due to the fact that the sun's rays either do not reach the ground due to increased cloudiness, or are reflected from snow and ice.

Most characteristic phenomena for winter are snowfall (fall of frozen water particles on the ground in the form of snow), blizzard (transfer of falling snow over long distances due to strong winds) and freeze-up (covering the surfaces of reservoirs with a crust of ice).

in spring

Under the influence of solar energy, the air and soil warm up, and an increase in temperature is observed. Snow and ice begin to melt, streams flow along the ground, broken ice floes float along rivers, snowfall gives way to rain.

Frequent spring a natural phenomenon- thunderstorm (discharges of electricity in the atmosphere).

In summer

Rain and thunderstorms occur throughout the summer. TO summer phenomena heat is also added ( high temperatures air).

The brightest weather phenomenon- a rainbow that appears after rain or shower as a result of refraction sun rays in water droplets and separation white to the spectrum.

in autumn

Most notable autumn phenomenon can be called defoliation (the process when trees shed their leaves on the eve of winter).

Also in autumn, prolonged rains, fogs, decreased temperatures and frosts are common.

Self-test tasks

Determine what in the picture is a living object and what is an inanimate one. Why?
Compose a report with a presentation on the topic “The main differences between living and inanimate nature. Examples."
Prepare a drawing diagram with objects of living and inanimate nature.

Nature is the world around us with all its inhabitants and phenomena. It was she who always acted as the main object for research and scientific experiments, due to which many schoolchildren today study natural sciences.

However, from an early age, every child needs to be taught what objects of inanimate nature are so that he can correctly perceive the surrounding reality. We will talk about methods, descriptions and examples of such interpretation in this article.

What is inanimate and animate nature?

In the usual understanding of man, nature is flowers, the sun, animals, plants and fossils. In general, it is a natural world that was created without human intervention or innovative technology. However, in the scientific understanding, this term is explained much more broadly: nature refers to all the phenomena and objects that surround us. And in order to differentiate the concepts, each of them should be analyzed in detail.

The components of nature are atmospheric air, near-Earth space, land, surface water, soil, vegetable world, subsoil, animal world, The groundwater, ozone layer atmosphere and other organisms that together create favorable conditions to provide permanent life On the Earth.

At the same time, objects of living nature are all flora and fauna: all animals on the planet, plants of all classes and species, bacteria, fungi. This concept also includes a person. At the same time, nature without humans can exist in its original form, examples of which are uninhabited islands with its ecosystem, as well as astronomical objects (planets, satellites, etc.).

What is inanimate nature?

The inanimate world is various substances, as well as fields with energy. It is represented by several levels of organization: from elementary particles, chemical elements and atoms to celestial bodies and the Universe. This term refers to all objects formed without human intervention and consisting of matter or field. An important difference is that inanimate objects are stable, static and slightly changeable. Rocks, mountains, water, atmosphere - all this has existed for billions of years and is subject to change extremely slowly.

How to explain differences to a 2nd grade child?

To clearly tell and show the student examples and objects of living and inanimate nature, you can rely on the following facts:

To support life processes, representatives of the living world need to receive energy from the outside - for example, plants and animals need sunlight in order to develop properly.
Living organisms are complex, their biological system supports life thanks to important processes. They can develop, breathe, reproduce, age and die. Even though it is difficult to notice how a plant breathes, this process is still present at the molecular level.
Objects of the living world can move and exhibit reactions to external stimuli. For example, if you touch an animal, it will run away or attack, unlike rocks, which will not budge.
After all, many representatives of the living world can think and have reflexes that help them survive.

Thus, we have examined what the world of living and inanimate nature is. The main thing to remember is that both areas are closely interconnected. Matter, substances, energy - all this allows all organisms on Earth to develop and live, creating a single ecosystem.

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In ancient times, people considered almost everything that surrounded them to be representatives of the living world. They simply treated some objects as part of their life and everyday life, while they deified others, since they could not understand the nature of their existence.

Types of objects in the surrounding world

Nowadays, most of us, having already looked at an object, can immediately say what type of nature it belongs to: living or inanimate. But sometimes the presence of certain signs that are inherent in living organisms can confuse a person - what type of objects can this or that object be classified as?

Both stone and mushroom do not have the ability to move in space, but if the first is clearly classified as a non-living organism, then the mushroom is certainly classified as a species of living nature. Because there are other signs that allow us to distinguish one species from another.

The mouse lives with a continuous process of respiration throughout its life, absorbing from surrounding atmosphere oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, but a candle also absorbs oxygen with its burning flame, but does not emit carbon dioxide as a processed product. Thus, the metabolic process is like the only sign, can be inherent in various objects and cannot be fundamental classification factor in environment.

Therefore, in modern science There is a set of characteristics that allows us to understand how a living object differs from a nonliving one. And if the study reveals that not all signs of the class of living organisms are present, then such an object can safely be classified as a representative of the inanimate world.

Features of living species of nature and their main differences

At first glance, all the nature that surrounds us can be called alive.

So how is it different from the inanimate world? To find the correct answer to this question, you need to carefully study general properties both types.

One of the signs of difference is the continuous exchange process of energy and substances between them - representatives of a certain class of living nature and its environment. Also obvious signs such an organism are determined at the molecular level by the presence of protein and nucleic acids in every molecule.

In addition, there are several other signs that directly indicate what Live nature differs from inanimate and give an answer to this difficult question.

Only the presence or absence of the entire set of listed characteristics will allow us to give an unambiguous answer that the object under study belongs to one or another class of nature.

Features of inanimate species of nature

Considering the above set of characteristics that only living organisms can possess, the absence of at least one of them may indicate that the object belongs to inanimate nature.

Here are the main signs of non-living organisms:

Everything that we see around us, everything that surrounds us and is not created by human hands is living and inanimate nature. It is distinguished by a wide variety of phenomena and processes. Let's find out what the features of nature are, and how living nature differs from inanimate nature.

Live nature

All objects of living nature have important qualities: they are born, grow, eat, breathe, move, die. To live they need food, warmth, water, air. Wildlife includes not only humans, but also animals, plants and even microorganisms. The study of living nature is carried out by a very extensive and important science - biology.

Microorganisms

Long before animals appeared on our planet, it was already inhabited by tiny, invisible organisms: bacteria, fungi, viruses. They can exist in almost any environment where there is at least some water. main feature All microorganisms have the ability to multiply very quickly.

Rice. 1. Bacteria

Plants

The plant world is very large and diverse. Without them, there would be no life on Earth, because plants produce the most important gas for respiration - oxygen. They also absorb harmful carbon dioxide, which has a very bad effect on human health and the planet’s climate.

Plants are important source food for humans and animals. But you need to be very careful, as plants can be edible (fruits, nuts, grains, vegetables) and inedible (flowers, ornamental shrubs herbs).

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Animals

Animals include all the animals, birds, amphibians, and insects of our planet. Throughout the history of the Earth, some animals have disappeared, while others have changed greatly.

Many years ago, the masters of our planet were dinosaurs - huge lizards who knew no equal. But due to sudden climate change, almost all of them became extinct, and only a few representatives of ancient animals were able to adapt to new living conditions.

Animals can be carnivores and herbivores, domestic and wild. They adapt to the conditions where they live, and animals can be found anywhere globe, from sultry deserts to the icy Arctic.

Rice. 2. Polar bear

Human

Of course, humans also belong to living nature. Thanks to his intelligence, resourcefulness and intelligent planning of his activities, he managed to conquer the entire planet. But, just like animals, plants and microorganisms, it cannot live without food, air, and water.

Inanimate nature

Objects of inanimate nature include air, water, soil, and minerals. They were the first to create our planet, and that is why objects of inanimate nature are often called primary.

They can be in three states:

hard (rocks, mountains, sand, ice);
liquid (water, cloud, fog, oil);
gaseous (steam, air).

No changes occur with objects of inanimate nature for many tens and hundreds of years. They do not breathe, do not reproduce, and do not feed. Their size can increase or decrease, they can move in space, but only under the influence external factors. Since they are not born, they never die.

Some inanimate objects can change their state. For example, water can be solid in the form of ice, the familiar liquid and gaseous in the form of steam. But she doesn’t disappear anywhere and doesn’t appear out of nowhere.

Table “Signs of living and inanimate nature”

Relationship between living and inanimate nature

Having considered examples of living and inanimate nature, we can conclude that on our planet everything is interconnected, and everything is in harmony with each other. Living beings could not exist without inanimate objects. And if there were no plants and animals, the Earth would look like a lifeless desert.

Inanimate and living nature

Answers to pages 24 - 25

Tasks

1. Remember what relates to nature.

Nature is what surrounds us, but was not created by man. The sun, air, water, plants, animals - all these are objects of nature.

2. What do plants and animals need to live?

Animals are living beings. They grow, develop, and bear offspring. Animals eat, move, and build homes. Animals need food, air, water, warmth and light to live. The plant is alive. It grows, develops, bears offspring. Every plant dies someday. But many plants live a very long time. Plants need water, air, light and heat to live.