Flora and fauna of Chuvashia presentation. Flora and fauna of the Chuvash Republic

Very few animal names came to mind. As much as I remembered, as much as I could gather in my mind the names of animals in Chuvash, that’s what you will read on this page of the site. Anyone can add or correct here. Welcome.

Çak avalkhi chăvash chĕlhine anlărakh ussa pama malalata tărăshašăn. Çavăn pata esir te ku ĕçe hutšănma pultaratăr. Tĕplĕnrekh vulăr, çynsempe hăvăr chun shuhăshsene hut çiĕnchi pusmăchsem urlă palashtarăr. Hamărăn chăvash chĕlhine uprasa pyrăr, savănsa atalantarăr - yuratsa purănăr.

Çırnă sămahsem an çukhaltăr tese, ukça enchen hĕsĕk samantsem çitse tăna pirki esir ku ĕçe çirĕpletse tăma pultaratăr. Tavrala păkhsan kuratăr - sirĕn hăvăr ta çămălăn ukça enchen pulăshma pulnine. Yră kurăr, syvă pulăr. Oleg.

Whenever possible, leave the names of animals in the Chuvash language. Anyone who wants to help expand the list of animal names in the Chuvash language can easily and simply send to my email address: [email protected].

I would like to note one important circumstance when studying the names of animals and beasts in the Chuvash language. If the name of this or that animal sounds almost the same in both Chuvash and Russian, then our ancestors did not know such an animal or the name of this animal was completely lost.

Visit and actively read my pages of the “Essence of the Word” website and share with your immediate circle. You will find many interesting and necessary materials. I wish you health and joy. Peace to your home.

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Animal names.

Arlan - hamster

arslan(arăslan) - a lion

ashak - donkey

ăyăr - stallion

văkăr - bull

ĕnot - cow

yămran - gopher

yĕkekhÿre - rat

yytă - dog

yulanut - riding horse

yus - ermine

Kayura - mole

pumpkin - goat

kachaka putekki - kid

rocking after all - goat

kashkar - wolf

cash - sable

kĕsre - mare

kuyan - hare

sash - cat

sash ashi - cat

sash zuri - kitty

hama - beaver, sable

hăntăr - beaver

hir sysny - a wild boar

mulkach - hare

paksha - squirrel

plan - deer

păshi - elk

purăsh - badger

săvăr - marmot

săsar - marten

sysna - pig

surăkh - sheep

çĕr mulkachĕ - jerboa

black - hedgehog

shăshi - mouse

taka - ram

tĕve - camel

quiet - foal

tilĕ - fox

tyrkas - gopher

UPA - bear

upăte - monkey

ut - horse

Read and remember. Read and be surprised. Educational and amazing ancient and very ancient Khamov language (modern Chuvash language). Remember the essence of words and the meaning of words. Preserve and increase the deeds of our ancestors.

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Russia. Chuvashia. Chuvash language. The language of everyone’s ancestors is written down in the subconscious, but it is deeply hidden and the key to it has been erased. The language of our ancestors is unique. Easy to understand and study. There are no exceptions to the rules. The rules are simple. Words are made from the bricks of language A- life, beginning of life; at- space, cosmos. Words have meaning both when read forward and backward.
Here are some examples: aw- the cry of a lost person in space, wow- the cry of a born person in space; Where A- life, beginning of life; at- space, cosmos. Or acha- child, A- life, beginning of life; cha- limited space, volume. Or that- do, create, mountain; ut- drop it, go, climb. Or al- hand, manual; la- good, solid, worthwhile (as if self made and this was said thousands of years ago, what is it like?), etc. and so on..
Only Your pride will prevent you from understanding and accepting ancient language ancestors (modern living Chuvash language), who saved and preserved ancient man from all troubles and illnesses, until man imagined himself to be the creator of life and abandoned the truth and truth of the word given to Adam.
Inflamed pride will not allow you to understand the essence of ancient words (living spoken Chuvash words; the language that is spoken and communicated now), because it will reject everything that is presented and deciphered, revealed and explained on the website “The Essence of Words”.
One who has lost his footing in life; he who has no faith in his heart, but with remnants of hope for the best, will find it for himself. Health. Good luck. Oleg.
If you open the word given to yourself, open the light to another. Warmth and faith create the impossible. Chuvashia is my Russia.
For those who are looking for a universal language of communication between peoples, I inform you that you will not find a more accurate, all-encompassing language of communication in the world except the modern Chuvash language. The Chuvash language was left to us by our ancestors to preserve peace. And the future belongs to the language of our ancestor, for the Chuvash language is the basis of faith and creation, love and light. Read and delve into the pages of the site “The Essence of Words”; I reveal and show everything.
Pathetic, but very accurately and specifically, our ancestors said: “Chăvash pĕtsen-Tĕnche pĕtet, which, loosely translated, sounds like the world will disappear with the last Chuvash.” And it’s worth finding out why this is said.

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Cleanse the soul, strengthened the body. Time-tested. Not just words, the words of the ancient man. Chuvashia is my Russian. Health to you. From a pure heart.

Easy and simple. Help yourself.

THERE IS NO GREATER REVELATION THAN THE WORD OF GOD.

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Who are in despair, on the edge of an abyss and have lost hope in life. Go deeper into the pages of the "Essence of the Word" website. Gain the wisdom of an ancient man. Cleanse your soul by strengthening your body. Tested by time. Not just words, the words of an ancient man. Believe and act. Start from here.

read - live!!! more than 20 years... healthy life

P.S. You live. Just think about it. If you don't want it, then nothing will happen.

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Chuvashia is my Russia. At the end of the page of the site “The Essence of the Word” I would like to quote several dozen lines about my wonderful small Motherland - Chăvash en, which in Russian sounds like the Chuvash side or simply Chuvashia. Those who don’t know will recognize it as the Chuvash Republic. On the map of my humble Chuvashia you will find the link map of Chuvashia. If we take a few lines from encyclopedias modern Russia, then you can read the following: Chuvashia is one of the republics of the Russian state, located along the great Russian Volga River. Located in the center of the European part of Russia. The capital of the republic is the city of Cheboksary. The distance from the city of Cheboksary to the capital of Russia - Moscow is about 630 km. It borders with the Nizhny Novgorod region in the west, with the Mari El Republic in the north, with Tatarstan in the east and with Mordovia and the Ulyanovsk region in the south. State languages The languages of the Chuvash Republic are Chuvash and Russian. The republic has its own constitution and legislation. Carries out its own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other normative legal acts regulating relationships in the political, economic and cultural spheres of society, within the limits established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Chuvashia is my Russia. ||| Dry official language statistics tells you nothing about the ancient Chuvash side, the origins of which were on the wonderful lands of Babylon, Erech, Akkad and Halne in the land of Shinar, Nineveh, Rehoboth-ir, Kalah and Resen, Philistia, and on the lands where there is honey and milk, on historical lands Canaanites from Sidon to Gerar to Gaza, from here to Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboim to Lashi. Where did the sons of Ham live, according to their tribes, according to their languages, in their lands, among their nations. This is what is said and historically recorded in the Bible. The long-suffering Chuvash people, who carried forward and preserved in purity and truth the language given to them. However, the Chuvash people cannot be responsible for all the sons of Ham, for their deeds and the curse that Noah placed on last son Ham Canaan for the bad deed of his father Ham. This is how the fate of the ancient Chuvash people historically developed according to the will of Our Lord. Along paths and historical boundaries unknown to us, my country Chuvashia took shape and moved to the north and east. Having finally acquired the outline of modern Chuvashia in the 21st century from the Nativity of Christ. The oldest Chuvash people have survived. The ancient Chuvash language has been preserved in its original form, which surprisingly simply and accurately deciphers the secrets of millennia and the historical names of cities and countries, names and objects, phenomena and events. Glory to Our Lord.||| Chuvashia is my Russia. In nature, everything is organized transparently and clearly - from simple to complex, from atoms to matter. This logic of the development of the universe is no exception for the ancient Khamov language, which is equivalently pronounced as the modern Chuvash language. There are no exceptions, no complex logical chains that are difficult to remember, it is extremely easy and accessible in my native Chuvash language. The basis of language is the “building blocks” of words-letters, from which semantic combinations are made to explain this or that action or event, the essence of things and objects, the meaning of names and titles. The most amazing thing is that when reading a given word in the opposite direction, the meaning of the word is conveyed, but with the opposite meaning. The opposite of what it meant when the word was read directly. It's amazing, but this fact unambiguous There are several pages on the “Essence of the Word” website about this. Read here and you will be amazed at the interconnectedness of phenomena in nature.

Remember what the concept means

natural areas

What reasons influence the distribution of natural areas?
Determine from the map which natural areas The Chuvash Republic is located. Name the type of vegetation and typical animals corresponding to each of these zones.

How do flora and fauna influence nature and human life?

Plants and animals are the most important components of nature. They define general form territory, its appearance, influence other components and play a large role in human life. Plants and animals do not exist on earth in isolation, but in the form of regular combinations of natural components characteristic of a particular geographical area. The composition of plants and animals is determined by the ratio of heat and moisture in different periods of the year. Therefore, we see a significant diversity of plant and animal communities on the territory of our republic.

Before the settlement of the territory, our region was almost completely covered, only in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the republic there were steppe areas. Subsequently, the main forests were cut down, and currently many areas in the Ibresinsky, Poretsky, and Shumerlinsky districts are covered with secondary birch and aspen forests. The development of forests in Chuvashia is facilitated by satisfactory climatic, soil and hydrogeological conditions. Therefore, forests here are more widespread than on the monotonous plains.

Currently, forests remain in less than one third of the republic and are unevenly distributed. In some areas (Sumerlinsky, Ibresinsky, Alatyrsky) forests occupy more than 50% of the territory, and in Yalchiksky, Alikovsky, Urmarsky and Tsivilsky districts - only 4-9%. The forests of the republic are presented coniferous And deciduous tree species.

Coniferous forests occupy 32.1% of the total forest area of the republic. They come in pine and spruce.

They are located in the Volga region, the Sur region and in the southern part of the republic. In these forests, in addition to pine, there are birch and aspen; rose hips, viburnum and other shrubs, including many berries, grow in the undergrowth. The grass cover is varied; in some places there are lingonberries, blueberries, and sorrel. Ferns, mosses and lichens grow. Siberian larch and cedar are also cultivated among coniferous species in Chuvashia.

Spruce forests with an admixture of linden and birch grow in the Vurnarsky, Ibresinsky districts, in the northeastern part of the Poretsky district and in the Volga region. Spruce is a shade-tolerant species and forms a natural community with green mosses.

Broadleaf species represented by linden, maple, elm, ash and other trees. Oak forests are located in separate isolated islands along the right bank of the Volga. The largest massifs are located in the Mariinsky Posad, Cheboksary, Yadrinsky, Krasnochetaisky and Shumerlinsky districts. Modern oak forests of Chuvashia are represented by middle-aged (60.9%) and young (28.3%) plantings. Oak has a very durable wood with a beautiful pattern in the section. Since the settlement of the territory, it has been cut down for various economic needs. Therefore, the remaining oak forests of Chuvashia belong to the category of especially valuable forests. In oak groves, linden, maple, and elm grow as admixtures. Less common are ash, wild apple, and rowan. And in damp places black alder grows. The shrubs in them are represented by hazel, euonymus, and viburnum. In Prisurye, larch, cedar and even Amur velvet have been cultivated in oak forests. Larch and cedar are cultivated in the Yantikovsky, Mariinsko-Posad, and Cheboksary districts.

Over the past decades, widespread drying of oak tree tops has been observed. The reason for this phenomenon is not fully understood, the most likely is air pollution. After felling and forest fires the forest is regenerated mostly by birch and aspen, less often by linden and pine.

In almost the entire northern and central right bank of the republic, forests have been cleared and the lands have been converted to agricultural land. Forest cover here ranges from 4 to 14%. Oak groves and linden forests (in the south of the Volga region) are preserved only in isolated isolated areas. Therefore, this area can be characterized as oak forest-steppe. Forests need special protection, reconstruction and restoration. Mostly pine and oak are planted. In addition, protective forest plantings occupy a significant place in the republic, the area of which in Chuvashia is more than 6,000 hectares. On average in the republic, the annual growth of wood is 3.4 m3 per 1 hectare of forest. The total increase is about 2 million m3.

Plays a huge role in a person's life. The most important species used for construction, chemical processing and other economic needs are conifers, as well as oak and willow. More than 100 thousand tons of oak wood are spent annually on chemical processing alone, up to 2.5 thousand tons of willow bark, etc. coniferous forests up to 2 thousand tons of resin are mined. A lot of linden trees are cut down to make handicrafts. In Chuvashia, more than 1000 m3 of moss is selected annually, which is used in construction as an insulating material.

In the medical, confectionery and distillery industries, lingonberries, cranberries, rowan berries, currants, caraway seeds, rose hips, birch buds, lily of the valley, coltsfoot, plantain, chamomile, yarrow, horsetail and many other plants are used. Procurement organizations of Chuvashia are collecting edible mushrooms: white, milk mushrooms, honey mushrooms, boletus and others. Residents of the republic collect nuts from oilseeds.

In the southeastern part of Chuvashia and in Zasurye, steppe vegetation has been preserved. This mainly includes the territories of Komsomolsky, Yalchiksky, Batyrevsky and Alatyrsky districts. Under the meadows, chernozem soils formed, which were plowed earlier than others. Before being converted into agricultural lands, steppe cereals and herbs grew here. The abundant vegetation experienced a change of species during the summer from early spring to late autumn. Typical representatives of steppe vegetation are fescue, sage, bluegrass, and feather grass.

Meadow vegetation covers the unplowed floodplains of small rivers in Chuvashia. Floodplain meadows are used as hayfields and pastures. More than 1000 species of plants grow in the meadows, mainly included in the cereal, legume, and sedge plant groups.

Minor areas of the republic (0.5% of the entire territory) are occupied by marsh and aquatic vegetation. Coastal zone Most lakes are occupied by sedge, horsetail, arrowhead, chastuha, and foxtail. Next grow cattails, reeds, and reeds. There are few purely aquatic plants; the most famous are yellow water lily and white water lily. In the Sura Valley there is a very rare water chestnut (chilim), listed in the Red Book.

Analyze the vegetation map of the Chuvash Republic, identify the most forested areas and areas where there are no forests.

Describe the vegetation around your area.

Determine from Fig. 18 habitats of oak forests. In which administrative regions of the republic are they observed? largest areas oak forest?

The fauna of Chuvashia was also formed in accordance with the soil and plant conditions. The position of the republic at the junction of different vegetation zones, the heterogeneity of the relief determines the diversity of animals. Its territory is home to over 60 species of mammals, 44 species of fish, 16 species of amphibians and reptiles. Here you can find more than 260 species of birds and various invertebrates.

In general, the republic is characterized by a mixture of animals of the southern taiga and typical steppe forms. Human activity has had a significant impact on the fauna. Some animals spread to the republics as a result of artificial resettlement. At the same time, some species of fauna have been destroyed by humans. For example, in the cultural layer of the X-XIV centuries. Reindeer bones were discovered. Back in 1917, they were available in the neighboring Nizhny Novgorod region.

Most representatives of the animal world of Chuvashia live in deciduous forests. There they find reliable shelters and are provided with stable food. The largest ungulate animal deciduous forests is an elk whose weight reaches 400 kg. In recent years, due to the ban on shooting, the moose population has increased significantly. Their number exceeds 1000 heads. In the republic they live mainly in the forests near Sur. There is also a noticeable increase in the number of wild boars. The forests are inhabited by moles, hedgehogs, foxes, shrews, bat, badger, raccoon dog, lynx, marten, ermine, weasel, squirrel, mountain hare, mouse, chipmunk. Deciduous forests are especially rich in birds. They include grouse, hazel grouse, wood grouse, woodcock, jay, magpie, cuckoo, swift, woodpecker, warbler, warbler, thrush, owl, and sparrowhawk.

IN coniferous forests the animal world is poorer. They are inhabited by squirrel, mountain hare, chipmunk, mink, otter, marten and lynx. There are few birds in coniferous forests. The most common species are bullfinch, woodpecker, jay, chaffinch, crossbill, owl, eagle owl, owl, black grouse, wood grouse, black stork, which is included in the Red Book. In the clear sunny days On the trunks of fallen trees and on stumps you can find lizards and snakes. Mostly there are also copperheads. The only poisonous snake is the viper.

On steppe areas the animal world is noticeably poorer. There are foxes, brown hare, light polecats, and hamsters. The southern regions of the republic are inhabited by the speckled ground squirrel, jerboa, marmot, and among the birds - lark, quail, gray partridge, lapwing, kite, eagles and falcons are less common.

There are noticeably more animals near bodies of water. In the reservoirs themselves there is a variety of fish - pike, perch, bream, crucian carp, tench, silver bream, carp, ide, roach, crucian carp, ruffe, etc. Reserves most valuable fish- sterlet, bream, pike perch, unfortunately, began to decrease.

Along small rivers and forested channels of the Volga and Sura there are otter, mink, and the North American musk rat, the muskrat, which has acclimatized here. The Sura floodplain is home to the most ancient mammal found on the territory of Chuvashia - the Russian muskrat, which is listed in the Red Book.

Game animals in Chuvashia include elk, wild boar, beaver, fox, hare and squirrel. They also hunt birds.

In progress economic activity humans greatly change the natural flora and fauna. The expansion of arable land leads to the replacement of natural vegetation with agricultural crops. Simultaneously with the vegetation cover, the animal world changes: the species composition and number of animals. Clear deforestation, plowing of meadows and land reclamation, construction of roads and industrial facilities have changed environmental situation in Chuvashia. Certain species of animals and plants are under threat of complete extinction. All this forces us to take measures to conservation and restoration of resources organic world . IN special attention species of plants and animals listed in the Red Book need protection. Not only individual species, but also entire communities of plants and animals are protected in special places. The republic has the Prisursky Nature Reserve, national park"Chăyour vărmanĕ", natural Park"Zavolzhye", 6 state natural reserves, 7 state hunting reserves, there are more than 100 natural monuments.

Show on the map the southern border of the taiga, characterize its flora and fauna.
Does it appear in Chuvashia latitudinal zonation vegetation? Explain where and why it is violated?
Compare animal and vegetable world deciduous forests and the steppes of Chuvashia.
What is the importance of forests for the economy of Chuvashia?
Name the hunting and fishing resources of Chuvashia.
* What impact has human activity had on the flora and fauna of Chuvashia? Give examples specific to your area.
* Explain why to preserve endangered species of animals and plants it is necessary to protect protected areas nature in general.

In 1798, forests occupied 49% of the total land area in Chuvashia; in 1998, this figure was 31.2%.

Pine is the most common species in Chuvashia. It is light-loving and grows mainly on sand, but is also found in wetlands. Currently, pine trees are being planted in cleared areas and unforested areas.

In the past, oak was used to build ships. A tree aged 400 years was suitable for this. Therefore, by decree of Peter I, protected oak groves were designated in the Volga forests; later they were called ship groves.

In total, there are about 570 thousand hectares of forest in the republic. Young growth occupies more than 45% of the total area, a quarter of the area - middle-aged trees, mature and ripening trees - about 23%. Only 8% of the area is made up of overmature trees.

The low-value gudgeon, common in our rivers, is interesting because it is very sensitive to water pollution. It is considered an indicator of water pollution. If there is a gudgeon in the river, it is completely clean.

Before settlement began, the territory of Chuvashia was covered with spruce taiga forests, pine forests, multi-tiered oaks, floodplain meadows. Only in the southeastern part and in Zasurye there were steppe areas.

Currently, forests have been preserved in less than one third of the republic, but in certain areas (Sumerlinsky, Ibresinsky, Alatyrsky) forests occupy more than 50% of the territory, and 1/3 of them are oak forests.

Oak has a very durable wood with a beautiful cross-sectional pattern. It has been cut down for various economic needs since the settlement of the territory, so the remaining oak forests of Chuvashia belong to the category of especially valuable forests. Linden, maple, elm, ash, forest apple, and rowan grow in the oak groves of Prisurye. And in damp places black alder grows. Larch, cedar and even Amur velvet are cultivated here. The shrubs of oak forests are black currant, viburnum, euonymus, hazel, etc.

The forests contain numerous species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Of the large wild animals and beasts, the most commercially important is the elk, whose weight reaches up to 400 kg. In recent years, due to the ban on shooting, the moose population has increased significantly. Their number exceeds 1000 heads. In the republic they live mainly in the Prisursky forests. Also in recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of wild boars; badgers, erms, European minks, polecats, martens, raccoon dogs, foxes, hares and squirrels live there. The beaver was brought to Chuvashia. The Sura basin is home to the muskrat and the otter. Rivers are home to valuable commercial fish. Among the fish in the lakes and rivers of the republic, bream, shuk, sterlet, and subfish predominate; crucian carp and tench are also found. The number of many species depends on the quality of water, chemical composition the bottom of the reservoir.

At the border of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, special conditions are created in which amphibians live: frogs, newts, semi-aquatic animals (beaver, muskrat, mink), semi-aquatic birds (sea swallow, herons, gulls, terns, ducks, waders, etc.). It should be especially noted that the most ancient of Chuvashia’s mammals, the Russian muskrat, lives in the floodplain of the Sura River.

In the fields and meadows there are foxes, wolves, brown hare, polecat, gophers, hamsters and some other species, and among birds - lark, quail, lapwing and many others. IN populated areas, parks and gardens are home to flycatchers, bullfinch, goldfinch, nightingale, blackbirds, magpies, rooks, jackdaws, crows, sparrows, pigeons, tits, etc.

The following animal taxa have been identified on the territory of the Chuvash Republic: 51 species of unicellular organisms, 31 species of worms, 41 species of mollusks, approx. 4500 species of arthropods, approx. 50 - fish, 10 species of amphibians, 6 - reptiles, 275 - birds (of which 160 are nesting), more than 60 species of mammals. The most diverse fauna of invertebrate animals. Many of them are pests of agriculture (potato nematode, Colorado potato beetle, fall armyworm, etc.) and forestry (bark beetles, longhorned beetles, oak leaf roller, gypsy moth and etc.). A number of invertebrate representatives are used in pest control (lady beetles, lacewings, wasps). Rare species that require protection include the Apollo beetle, the stag beetle, the odorous hermit, many species of bumblebees, etc. The composition of the invertebrate fauna is represented by taiga, nemoral, forest-steppe and steppe elements. In recent years, a significant number of southern steppe species have been penetrating into the republic, occurring along agricultural landscapes and river beds.

The vertebrate fauna of Chuvashia is characteristic of the forest-steppe. Its peculiarity is the presence of a significant number bats, dormouse, red vole, bear and lynx. speckled gopher, big jerboa, steppe pied, marmot, mole rat and gray hamster are typical steppe forms. Some of the animals of Chuvashia belong to the fauna of the southern taiga (northern species), the core of which consists of species such as elk, red-backed vole, chipmunk, and birds - capercaillie, hazel grouse, goldeneye, hawk owl, great owl, three-toed and black woodpeckers, crossbill-spruce, bee-eater, bullfinch, waxwing. This group also includes the white hare, chipmunk, flying squirrel, red vole, and ermine. Northern taiga birds include the wigeon duck, merlin falcon, buzzard, ptarmigan, capercaillie, hazel grouse, etc.

The territory of Chuvashia is inhabited by a relatively small number of southern species. From insectivorous mammals- this is a muskrat; from bats - giant noctule; of rodents - jerboa, speckled ground squirrel, gray hamster; of the lagomorphs - the brown hare; among predators - the steppe polecat; Among the birds - the bittern, the snake eagle, the honey buzzard, the kite, the meadow harrier, etc. The western forms of the fauna of the republic include: among the birds - the wood pigeon, the wood pigeon, the green woodpecker, the accentor, the blackbird, the robin, the blue tit, the oriole, the hoodie, rook, etc.; from reptiles - spindle and copperhead; among amphibians - the pond frog and the toad.

The fish fauna of reservoirs is characterized by an abundance of cyprinids - bream, roach, ide, carp, etc. Northern species represented by burbot and grayling, the southern ones - carp, podust, sabrefish, catfish, asp, etc. Due to the construction of canals connecting the Volga with northern rivers and lakes, northern fish began to penetrate into the reservoirs of the republic - smelt, Belozersk vendace, peled, rotan and eel; southern ones - sprat, needlefish and silver carp.

Game animals in the forests of Chuvashia include elk, mink, polecat, marten, fox, hare, squirrel, etc. The beaver has been reacclimatized. Anthropogenic impact has led to the fact that the numbers of most vertebrate species have been declining in recent years (except for synanthropic rodents).

Rare species include muskrat, marmot, snake eagle, osprey, golden eagle, etc.

There are 97 specially protected natural areas with an area of over 100 thousand hectares. There are three specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of federal significance. These are the Prisursky State Nature Reserve (9.15 thousand hectares), the Chavash Varmane National Park (25.2 thousand hectares), the Cheboksary branch of the main botanical garden RAS (177 hectares, plant collections of more than 2 thousand species) and 94 specially protected natural areas of republican significance, including 67 natural monuments, 12 state nature reserves, four state game reserves, one dendrological park, one game reserve, four districts sanitary protection, five forest genetic reserves.

The largest national park in Chuvashia, "Chăvash vărmanĕ", was formed on June 20, 1993 by decree of the Russian government. It is located in the southeastern part of the Chuvash Republic and is a continuous forest with a length of 24 km from north to south, and 17 km from east to west. total area is more than 25 thousand hectares. The relatively small territory of the national park contains biocenoses from the southern taiga to the forest-steppe, including the entire ecological range of habitats from dry forests to swamps. The flora and fauna of the national park is extremely rich and diverse. There are about 800 species of higher vascular plants alone, among them there are rare and endangered ones included in the Red Books of Chuvashia and Russia.

Another attraction of Chuvashia is the Cheboksary Botanical Garden (a branch of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin Russian Academy Sciences), which is located in the capital. Its area is 177.7 hectares and is divided into scientific, conservation, exhibition and administrative zones. Natural forests occupy about 90 hectares, water surface - 4.5 hectares, arable land - about 40 hectares. There is also a pond with an area of more than 5 hectares. The reservoir and the Kukshumka River are fed by 12 springs, flowing in the shady thickets of the park area.

In 2010, at the commission on the fauna of Chuvashia, the Commission recognized the facts of discoveries of new species of the republic over the past 50 years - the common flamingo (June-August 2009) and the great cormorant (2 flights in 2009) - and the facts of the first nesting of two other species - gray goose (2-3 facts over the last 5 years) and stilt (summer 2009). The discovery of millet grass on May 24, 2007 was also recognized as reliable.

Chuvashia amazes any tourist who visits this region for the first time. The indigenous people are not surprised by anything, but do everything possible to preserve and increase natural resources. We will learn about dense forests, endless rivers and mysterious lakes, as well as colorful representatives of the local flora and fauna.

Key Statistics

The Chuvash lands are spread along the right bank of the Volga, washed by its tributaries - the Sviyaga and the Sura. The highest point of the republic is 286.6 meters above sea level. The nature of Chuvashia is one of the main riches of the republic, located in the very heart of Russia, on the East European Plain.

On the border with Tataria, in the river valleys (Sura, Bolshoi and Maly Tsivil), there are chernozem soils, especially valuable for agriculture; in the rest of the republic, podzolic soils predominate. The subsoil is not as rich as local residents would like, but there are deposits of phosphorites, oil shale and peat.

Land of rivers and lakes

On the territory of Chuvashia today there are more than 2,350 rivers and rivulets, and all of them flow into the Volga or its tributaries. Interestingly, 9 out of 10 rivers are very short - less than 10 kilometers, of which total number of water sources, the length of only two water streams exceeds 500 kilometers.

The most beautiful nature of Chuvashia, naturally, is in the Volga valley, here favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants and animals. The Volga crosses almost the entire territory of the republic and is the main source drinking water, used in irrigation. It was built on it, which provides energy not only to Cheboksary, but also to other regions.

The Sura River is the main “supplier” clean water for Alatyr and Shumerlya, plays an important role in the transport system of Chuvashia. The Great Civil River basin covers a quarter of the republic’s territory and also plays an important role in industry and agriculture.

A land of forests, meadows or steppes?

Unfortunately, over the past centuries the nature of Chuvashia has undergone significant changes. Previously, almost all the lands were covered with forests, but as a result of human development of territories and, first of all, deforestation, only a third of the region today is occupied by forest lands.

Cultivated lands are given over to agricultural workers and are used as land - fields and meadows. There are also steppes on the territory of the autonomous republic; they are especially beautiful in spring, when there is enough water, heat and light. By mid-summer, the steppe spaces look less attractive.

The mysterious kingdom of flora

Chuvash forests are predominantly deciduous. They are dominated by birch, oak, maple, linden, and ash. Grows in forest areas a large number of shrubs - rose hips, viburnum. Smaller ones include blueberries, lingonberries, and other wild berry crops.

The steppe plants of Chuvashia are a special pride of the local residents. Firstly, the flora of the steppes amazes with its richness of species and colors. Secondly, it is actively used in agriculture, official and folk medicine. Most widespread received feather grass. Quite often you can find other grasses, for example, fescue, bluegrass. Sage grows everywhere, which is especially loved by home-grown healers.

Since a huge number of rivers flow through the territory and there are lakes, therefore, aquatic plants are also found. Tourists can see the white water lily and its simpler, more modest relative, the yellow water lily.

Reeds and similar representatives of the flora - sedge and cattail - grow along the swampy banks of forest streams. There are people who are not very attractive in appearance, but have beautiful names- foxtail and arrowhead.

The kingdom of Chuvash predators and herbivores

Animal world Chuvashia is rich and diverse; in the forests you can find predatory animals - wolves, badgers, foxes, bears. There are also fur-bearing animals: ermine, marten, weasel, mink, arctic fox. Some animals are listed in the Red Book and are in danger of extinction. These include brown bear and European deer.

On the contrary, there are too many other mammals, so you can come to Chuvashia to hunt. Squirrels, hare, elk, fox, wild boar and other animals are hunted. The same can be said about aquatic animals: brown trout have disappeared, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet and others are on the verge of extinction valuable species. You can catch pike, pike perch, burbot, ide, bream, crucian carp, and sometimes “guests” - silver carp, grass carp and sprat - are caught.

Of the 275 species of avifauna, 74 species can be seen extremely rarely, but are popular the following types birds: lark, cuckoo, nuthatch, sparrow, tit. There are predators (falcon, hawk). Prey objects: black grouse, partridge, hazel grouse.

Reserves of the Republic

Currently, the nature of Chuvashia is under close attention of ecologists, government and public organizations. Special territories have been created on the territory of the republic where flora and fauna are protected.

The most important are Chavash Varmane, the Prisursky National Park, which operates as a state reserve. There is a natural park "Zavolzhye", several reserves and natural monuments.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Red Book Chuvash Republic Completed by: teacher Kazakova I.V. Cheboksary MBDOU D/s No. 95

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Asian chipmunk The chipmunk is a small animal, body length 12-17 cm. The coloring is very original: on a reddish-gray background, five black stripes run along the back. The chipmunk is an inhabitant of the taiga and in Chuvashia is found only in the Volga region. Like the squirrel, the chipmunk is diurnal. Often climbs trees. It feeds on the seeds of various tree, shrub and herbaceous plants, as well as berries and insects. The chipmunk goes into hibernation at the end of September - October. Wakes up in April. In Chuvashia, the chipmunk is very rare and is recommended to be included in the Red Book of the Chuvash Republic.

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The muskrat is one of the largest species of the insectivorous order. In Chuvashia it is found in the floodplain of the Sura River. Body length 18-21.5 cm, weight 300-400 g. Tail 17 -20.5 cm. At the end of the head long proboscis, small eyes, poor vision. It feeds on insects, leeches, mollusks, and occasionally fish. The fur is very beautiful, valuable, the color is grayish-brown. In Chuvashia he lives within the Alatyr, Poretsky and Sumerlinsky districts. Muskrat

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Body length - 60-90 cm, tail - 20-24 cm; weight - up to 24 kg. The neck is short, almost invisible. The legs are short and massive. The wool is rough. The color of the back and sides is brownish-gray with a silvery tint; the lower part of the body is blackish. There are two dark stripes on the muzzle, stretching from the nose to the ears. Lifestyle and diet Found mainly in mixed and taiga, less often in mountain forests; in the south of the range it is found in steppes and semi-deserts. Badger

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A species of mammal from the mustelidae family, the order of carnivores. The color is brown or grayish-brown. The fur is valuable. Body length with tail 120cm, weight 7-10kg. The otter is very rare in Chuvashia, found on deaf forest rivers and lakes. Swims and dives well, eats fish and other aquatic animals. Common otter

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Ermine Ermine is a predator of the mustelidae family. In Chuvashia it is found everywhere, the number is low. In summer the fur is brownish-red, in winter it is snow-white; the tip of the tail is always black. Settles on forest edges and meadows. Active at night, hunts during the day in winter. Valuable fur-bearing animal. Useful for killing harmful rodents. Recommended for inclusion in the Red Book of the Chuvash Republic.

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Roe deer One of the most famous roe deer is the European roe deer, or, as Russian hunters often call it, the wild goat. Its length is 130 centimeters, height - 75, the tail is simply microscopic - only 2 centimeters. Compared to the red deer, the roe deer is more densely built: its head is shorter, the body is thicker in front, the back is almost straight, and the eyes are large, lively, with long beautiful eyelashes. The fur of this graceful animal is short, elastic and very tough. In summer, the animal is dark brown, and in winter, the coat takes on a brownish-gray tint.

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Brown bear Brown bear, carnivorous mammal family of bears. The brown bear is a forest animal that lives mainly in continuous forests. The color ranges from almost straw-yellow to very dark, blackish-brown. Food brown bear predominantly plant: berries, acorns, nuts, rhizomes, as well as insects, worms, lizards, frogs, rodents and other small animals.

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Red deer Red deer has long been a favorite object of hunting. Currently, in many areas, hunting of deer of some subspecies is completely prohibited, and they are taken under protection as rare, endangered animals. Red deer Lives in the area of Ibresi and Yadrina Deer live in herds of 3 - 6 heads, occupying summer time an area of about 4–6 hectares. In nature, deer live up to 12-14 years, in captivity - up to 25-30 years. The main enemy of deer is the wolf. Wolves chase adult deer in a pack; A lone wolf may not be able to cope with a deer, especially a male. Deer defend themselves with their front hooves, and males also use their antlers.

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Lynx Lynx is a predatory mammal animal. Lives in taiga forests and in the mountains, sometimes entering the forest-steppe. Lives in Europe, Asia and North America. Life expectancy 15-20 years Weight from 18 to 45 kg. Their habits resemble those of a domestic cat: they purr, meow, and hiss. They have a small head, a strong body, high legs, long tufts on the ears, and a short tail. The thick, soft fur on top is reddish-gray mixed with white. They search for prey by following the trail. They feed on hares, small rodents, foxes, raccoons, and less often on small ungulates - reindeer, roe deer. May attack domestic animals. They hunt only at night.

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Forest Dormouse Lives in oak and linden areas, lives in hollows, winters in holes under the roots. The diet is mixed, except for nuts, acorns and seeds. It readily eats insects and destroys bird nests. Body length - 102-116mm, tail - 66-96mm, body weight up to 44g. The tail is fluffy, gray, with a light tip. The fur is dense and thick, with a pronounced awn.