How to determine the river protection zone. Water protection zones and coastal protective strips

1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to coastline seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for carrying out economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.
2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective stripes, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the corresponding coastline, and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip - from the line maximum tide. In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protection strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of ​​less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.

7. The width of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal is established Federal law dated May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the protection of Lake Baikal".
8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.
9. Water protection zones main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.
10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the coast water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.
12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of lakes and reservoirs of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources), is set at two hundred meters regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.
14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the coastline.
(as amended by Federal Laws dated July 14, 2008 N 118-FZ, dated December 7, 2011 N 417-FZ)
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:
1) use waste water for soil fertilization;
2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, places of burial of production and consumption waste, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and toxic substances, burial sites radioactive waste;
(as amended by Federal Law dated July 11, 2011 N 190-FZ)
3) implementation of aviation measures to combat pests and plant diseases;
4) movement and parking vehicles(except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces.
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in the field of protection environment.
(as amended by Federal Law No. 118-FZ of July 14, 2008)
17. Within the boundaries of coastal protective strips, along with the restrictions established by part 15 of this article, the following are prohibited:
1) plowing of land;
2) placement of dumps of eroded soils;
3) grazing of farm animals and organization for them summer camps, bath
18. The establishment on the ground of the boundaries of water protection zones and the boundaries of coastal protective strips of water bodies, including through special information signs, is carried out in the manner established by the Government Russian Federation.
(Part eighteen as amended by Federal Law No. 118-FZ of July 14, 2008)

More on the topic Article 65. Water protection zones and coastal protective strips:

1. Article 8.42. Violation of the special regime for carrying out economic and other activities on the coastal protective strip of a water body, the water protection zone of a water body, or the regime for carrying out economic and other activities in the territory of the sanitary protection zone of sources of drinking and domestic water supply

1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (borders of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime is established for economic and other activities in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.

2. Coastal protective strips are established within the boundaries of water protection zones, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.

3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (border of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:

1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;

2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;

3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.

5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.

6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of ​​less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.

7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”.

8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.

9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.

10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.

11. The width of the coastal protective strip is established depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.

12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.

13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, or reservoir that is of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.

14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (the boundary of the water body).

15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:

1) use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;

2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal sites, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;

3) implementation of aviation measures to combat pests;

4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces;

5) placement of gas stations, warehouses fuels and lubricants(except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, vehicle washing;

6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;

7) discharge of wastewater, including drainage water;

8) exploration and production of common mineral resources (except for cases where exploration and production of common mineral resources is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of mineral resources, within the boundaries of mining allotments allocated to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil resources and (or ) geological allotments based on the approved technical project in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 “On Subsoil”).

16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion are understood as:

1) centralized drainage (sewage) systems, centralized storm drainage systems;

2) structures and systems for the removal (discharge) of wastewater into centralized drainage systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), if they are intended to receive such water;

3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;

4) structures for collecting production and consumption waste, as well as structures and systems for disposal (discharge) of wastewater (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water) into receivers made of waterproof materials.

16.1. In relation to the territories where citizens conduct gardening or vegetable gardening for their own needs, located within the boundaries of water protection zones and not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, until they are equipped with such facilities and (or) connected to the systems specified in paragraph 1 of part 16 of this article, it is allowed the use of receivers made of waterproof materials that prevent the entry of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into the environment.

17. Within the boundaries of coastal protective strips, along with the restrictions established by part 15 of this article, the following are prohibited:

1) plowing of land;

2) placement of dumps of eroded soils;

3) grazing farm animals and organizing summer camps and baths for them.

18. The establishment of the boundaries of water protection zones and the boundaries of coastal protective strips of water bodies, including marking on the ground by means of special information signs, is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Judicial practice under Article 65 of the Water Code.

Resolution of September 4, 2018 in case No. A59-5536/2017

Fifth Arbitration Court of Appeal (5 AAC)

The parties do not dispute that work under contract No. 1-2015 dated 04/01/2015 was suspended on the basis of a direct prohibition, namely: due to the provisions of Article 65 Water Code Russian Federation and the lack of permitting documentation, which is confirmed by the decision of the Sakhalin Regional Court dated January 25, 2016 in case No. 72-11/2016. At the same time, the defendant appealed...

Decision of August 31, 2018 in case No. A82-17600/2017

Arbitration Court Yaroslavl region(AS of the Yaroslavl region)

To Gremyachevsky stream and its nature protection zone– until October 15, 2017. According to the defendant, the Company’s actions violated clause 7, part 15 of Art. 65 Water Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 34, 39, 43.1 Federal Law No. 7-FZ “On Environmental Protection”, clause 3.2.6, 3.2.43 of the Rules technical operation systems...

Resolution of August 31, 2018 in case No. A32-4239/2017

Fifteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal (15 AAC)

South-Northern rural district (vol. 1, pp. 64); Attached to the resolution is a description of what is specified therein. land plot and its diagram (vol. 1, pp. 65). Appendix No. 1 on the basis of the specified resolutions of the head of the Tikhoretsky district Krasnodar region No. 907 of 09.18.01, No. 1302 of 12.28.01, No. 157 of 02.22.02 sides...

Decision No. 12-18/2018 7-62/2018 of August 30, 2018 in case No. 12-18/2018

Magadan Regional Court (Magadan Region) - Administrative offenses

The court's statement about the lack of evidence of the activities of the municipal unitary enterprise "Komenergo" for the treatment and discharge of wastewater within the boundaries of the water protection zone of the Talaya River is unfounded. Referring to the provisions of Article 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 10, 2009 No. 17 “On approval of the rules for establishing the boundaries of water protection zones and the boundaries of coastal protective strips on the ground...

Resolution of August 30, 2018 in case No. A50-10286/2018

Seventeenth Arbitration Court of Appeal (17 AAC) - Administrative

The essence of the dispute: On challenging non-normative legal acts related to the application of environmental legislation

Judicial act. IN appeal refers to the fact that the car wash bay was put into operation before changes were made to clause 5, part 15 of art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation; also indicates that Art. 6.5 of the Federal Law of June 3, 2006 No. 73-FZ “On the implementation of the Water Code of the Russian Federation” ...

Article 65 of the Water Code:

Water protection zones(WHO) – territories that are adjacent to the coastline of water bodies and where a special regime of activities is established to prevent pollution, etc. of water bodies and water depletion, as well as to preserve the habitat of aquatic biological resources.

Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips(PZP), in the territories of which additional restrictions are introduced.

WHO width And PZP installed:

Outside the territories of settlements – from coastline,

For the seas - from high tide lines;

If there are embankment parapets and sewerage, then the boundaries of the PZP coincide with this embankment parapet, from which the width of the WHO is measured.

WHO width is:

For rivers and streams less than 10 km from the source to the mouth, WHO = LWP = 50 m, and the radius of the WHO around the source is 50 m.

For rivers from 10 to 50 km WHO = 100 m

Longer than 50 km, WHO = 200 m

WHO lakes, reservoirs with a water area of ​​more than 0.5 km 2 = 50 m

WHO reservoirs on a watercourse = WHO width of that watercourse

WHO main or inter-farm canals = canal right-of-way.

WHO sea = 500 m

WHO is not established for swamps

PZP width is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body:

Reverse or zero slope PZP = 30 m.

Slope from 0 to 3 degrees = 40 m.

More than 3 degrees = 50 m.

If the water body has especially valuable fishery value(places of spawning, feeding, wintering of fish and aquatic biological resources), then the surface area is 200 m, regardless of the slope.

PZP lakes within the boundaries of the swamps And watercourses= 50 m.

Within WHO boundaries prohibited:

Use of wastewater for fertilizer;

Placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, places of burial of production and consumption waste, chemical, toxic and noxious substances and radioactive waste;

Use of aviation measures to combat pests and plant diseases;

Movement and parking of vehicles (except for special ones), with the exception of movement and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces.

For sites on WHO territory treatment facilities are required, including treatment facilities for stormwater drains.

Within the boundaries of the PZP prohibited:

Same restrictions as for WHO; Use of wastewater for fertilizer;

Plowing the land;

Placement of dumps of eroded soils;

Grazing farm animals and organizing summer camps and baths for them.

Engineering, technical and technological activities

1. Selection of machinery and equipment, raw materials and supplies, technological processes and operations with less specific impact on the aquatic environment:

a. efficient water consumption schemes (circulating systems);

b. optimal routing schemes for utility networks,

c. low-waste technologies etc.

2. Organized disposal and treatment of industrial wastewater. When constructing a new facility, choose a separate drainage system for storm, industrial and domestic wastewater.

3. Collection and separate treatment of wastewater contaminated with petroleum products.

4. Automation of monitoring the efficiency of local treatment facilities;

5. Prevention of filtration from sewer networks (operation, repair).

6. Measures to prevent storm water pollution (cleaning up areas).

7. Special measures for construction (construction site equipment, cleaning and wheel washing stations).

8. Reduction of unorganized wastewater;

9. Limiting the amount of wastewater contaminated with petroleum products discharged into storm drain systems.

10. Equipping with means of monitoring the efficiency of installations and equipment for environmental purposes (grease traps, VOCs).

11. Measures for the removal and temporary storage of soil and plant soil with separate storage of the fertile soil layer and potentially fertile rocks;

12. Carrying out vertical planning and landscaping of the territory of engineering facilities, improvement of adjacent territories.

13. Special for the construction phase (PIC).

Wheel washing. SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction, clause 5.1

At the request of the local self-government body, the construction site can be equipped... points for cleaning or washing vehicle wheels at exits, and on linear objects - in places indicated by local self-government bodies.

If temporary use is necessary certain territories, not included in the construction site, for construction needs that do not pose a danger to the population and the environment, the regime of use, protection (if necessary) and cleaning of these territories is determined by an agreement with the owners of these territories (for public territories - with local self-government bodies).

P. 5.5. The contractor ensures the safety of the work for the environment, while:

Provides cleaning of the construction site and the adjacent five-meter area; garbage and snow must be removed to the places and times established by the local government;

Not allowed release of water from the construction site without protection against erosion surfaces;

At drilling works takes measures to preventing overflow groundwater;

Performs neutralization And organization industrial and domestic wastewater...

VOC. MU 2.1.5.800-99. Drainage of populated areas, sanitary protection of water bodies. Organization of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of wastewater disinfection

3.2. The most dangerous in terms of epidemics include the following types wastewater:

Domestic wastewater;

Municipal mixed (industrial and domestic) wastewater;

Wastewater from infectious diseases hospitals;

Wastewater from livestock and poultry farming facilities and enterprises for processing livestock products, wastewater from wool washers, biofactories, meat processing plants, etc.;

Surface storm drains;

Mine and quarry wastewater;

Drainage waters.

3.5. According to sanitary rules for the protection of surface waters from pollution, wastewater hazardous in epidemic terms, must be disinfected.

The need for disinfection of wastewater of these categories is justified by the conditions of their disposal and use in agreement with the state sanitary and epidemiological authorities in the territories.

Wastewater is subject to mandatory disinfection when discharged into water bodies recreational And sports purpose, during their industrial reuse, etc.

1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (borders of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime is established for economic and other activities in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.

2. Coastal protective strips are established within the boundaries of water protection zones, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.

3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (border of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:

1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;

2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;

3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.

5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.

6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of ​​less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.

7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”.

8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.

9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.

10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.

11. The width of the coastal protective strip is established depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.

12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.

13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, or reservoir that is of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.

14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (the boundary of the water body).

15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:

1) use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;

2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal sites, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;

3) implementation of aviation measures to combat pests;

4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces;

5) placement of gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants (except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing vehicles;

6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;

7) discharge of wastewater, including drainage water;

8) exploration and production of common mineral resources (except for cases where exploration and production of common mineral resources is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of mineral resources, within the boundaries of mining allotments allocated to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil resources and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 “On Subsoil”).

16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion are understood as:

1) centralized drainage (sewage) systems, centralized storm drainage systems;

2) structures and systems for the removal (discharge) of wastewater into centralized drainage systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), if they are intended to receive such water;

3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;

4) structures for collecting production and consumption waste, as well as structures and systems for disposal (discharge) of wastewater (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water) into receivers made of waterproof materials.

16.1. In relation to the territories where citizens conduct gardening or vegetable gardening for their own needs, located within the boundaries of water protection zones and not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, until they are equipped with such facilities and (or) connected to the systems specified in paragraph 1 of part 16 of this article, it is allowed the use of receivers made of waterproof materials that prevent the entry of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into the environment.

17. Within the boundaries of coastal protective strips, along with the restrictions established by part 15 of this article, the following are prohibited:

1) plowing of land;

2) placement of dumps of eroded soils;

3) grazing farm animals and organizing summer camps and baths for them.

18. The establishment of the boundaries of water protection zones and the boundaries of coastal protective strips of water bodies, including marking on the ground by means of special information signs, is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Everyone knows that man and his economic activity negatively affects natural environment. And the load on it increases from year to year. This fully applies to water resources. And although 1/3 of the earth's surface is occupied by water, it is impossible to avoid its pollution. Our country is no exception, and close attention is paid to the protection of water resources. But it is not yet possible to solve this problem fully.

Coastal areas subject to protection

A water protection zone is a zone that includes the area around any water bodies. Special conditions are created here for within its boundaries there is a protective coastal strip with a more strict protection regime, with additional restrictions on environmental management.

The purpose of such measures is to prevent pollution and clogging of water resources. In addition, the lake may silt up and the river may become shallow. Aquatic environment- this is a habitat for many living organisms, including rare and endangered ones listed in the Red Book. Therefore, security measures are necessary.

The water protection zone and the coastal protective strip are located between the coastline, which is the boundary of the water body. It is calculated as follows:

• for the sea - according to the water level, and if it changes, then according to the low tide level,
• for a pond or reservoir - according to the retaining water level,
• for streams - according to the water level during the period when they are not covered with ice,
• for swamps - from their beginning along the border of peat deposits.

The special regime at the border of water protection zones is regulated by Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation.

Design

The basis for the design are regulatory documents that are approved by the Ministry natural resources Russia and are consistent with those authorities that are responsible for

Customers for the design are territorial authorities from the Ministry of Water Resources of the Russian Federation. And in the case of reservoirs given for individual use - water users. They must maintain the territory of the coastal protective strip in proper condition. As a rule, tree and shrub vegetation should grow at the border.

Projects undergo verification and environmental assessment, and are approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Special characters indicate where the border of the coastal protective strip ends. Before the project comes into force, its dimensions and the dimensions of water protection zones are plotted on the plan diagram for the development of settlements, land use plans, and cartographic materials. The established borders and regime in these territories must be brought to the attention of the population.

Dimensions of the protective coastal strip

The width of the protective coastal strip depends on the steepness of the slope of the river or lake basin and is:

• 30 m for zero slope,
• 40 m for slope up to 3 degrees,
• 50 m for a slope of 3 degrees or more.

For swamps and flowing lakes, the border is 50 m. For lakes and reservoirs where valuable fish species are found, it will be within a radius of 200 m from the coastline. On the territory settlement, where there are storm sewer drains, its boundaries run along the embankment parapet. If there is none, then the border will pass along the coastline.

Prohibition on certain types of work

Since the zone of the coastal protective strip has a stricter protection regime, the list of works that should not be carried out here is quite large:

1. The use of manure waste to fertilize the land.
2. Placement of agricultural and household waste, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds.
3. Use for discharging contaminated water and garbage.
4. Washing and repairing cars and other mechanisms, as well as their movement in this area.
5. Use for transport placement.
6. Construction and repair of buildings and structures without approval from authorities.
7. Grazing and summer housing of livestock.
8. Construction of garden and summer cottages, installation of tent camps.

As an exception, water protection and coastal protective strips are used to accommodate fishing and hunting farms, water supply facilities, hydraulic engineering facilities, etc. In this case, a water use license is issued, which stipulates the requirements for compliance with the rules of the water protection regime. Those persons who carry out illegal actions in these territories are responsible for their actions within the framework of the law.

Construction in a water protection zone

The protective coastal strip is not a place for development, but for the water protection zone there are exceptions to the rules. Real estate objects are still “growing” along the banks, and in geometric progression. But how do developers comply with legal requirements? And the law says that “the placement and construction of residential buildings or summer cottages with a water protection area width of less than 100 m and a slope steepness of more than 3 degrees is strictly prohibited.”

It is clear that the developer must first consult the territorial department of the Water Management Department about the possibility of construction and the boundaries of the protective coastal strip. A response from this department is necessary to obtain a construction permit.

How to avoid sewage pollution?

If the building has already been erected and is not equipped with special filtration systems, then the use of receivers made of waterproof materials is permitted. They do not allow environmental pollution.

Facilities that support the protection of clean water sources are:

• Sewerage and centralized stormwater drainage channels.
• Structures into which contaminated water is discharged (to specially equipped ones. This can be rain and melt water.
• Local (local) treatment facilities built in accordance with the standards of the Water Code.

Places for collecting consumer and industrial waste, systems for discharging wastewater into receivers are made of special durable materials. If residential buildings or any other buildings are not provided with these structures, the protective coastal strip will suffer. In this case, fines will be imposed on the company.

Penalties for violation of the water protection regime

Fines for improper use of protected areas:

• for citizens - from 3 to 4.5 thousand rubles;
• For officials- from 8 to 12 thousand rubles;
• for organizations - from 200 to 400 thousand rubles.

If violations are found in the private housing development sector, then the fine is issued to the citizen, and his costs will be small. If a violation is detected, it must be eliminated within the allotted time frame. If this does not happen, then the building is demolished, including forcibly.

In case of violations in protective zone where drinking sources are located, the fine will be different:

• citizens will contribute 3-5 thousand rubles;
• officials - 10-15 thousand rubles;
• enterprises and organizations - 300-500 thousand rubles.

Scale of the problem

The coastal protective strip of a water body must be operated within the framework of the law.

After all, one polluted lake or reservoir can become a serious problem for an area or region, since everything in nature is interconnected. The larger the body of water, the more complex its ecosystem. If the natural balance is disturbed, it can no longer be restored. The extinction of living organisms will begin, and it will be too late to change or do anything. Serious disturbances to the environment of water bodies can be avoided with a competent approach, compliance with the law, and careful attention to the natural environment.

And if we talk about the scale of the problem, then this is not a question of all humanity, but a reasonable attitude towards the nature of each individual person. If a person treats with understanding the riches that planet Earth has given him, then future generations will be able to see pure, transparent rivers. Scoop up water with your palm and... try to quench your thirst with water that is impossible to drink.