It is recognized as a water protection zone. What is a protective coastal strip

The use of the water protection zone is regulated by law; private construction is permitted in compliance with established standards. The owner of a plot of land located near various bodies of water has the right to develop, subject to construction restrictions.

Water protection zone water body has a special legal status, to avoid conflict situations It is recommended that you first familiarize yourself with the current regulations.

The concept of a water protection zone

The current Water Code of the Russian Federation defines the concept of a protected area. In Art. 65 states that this land adjacent to the shore of the reservoir can be used for economic, construction and cultural purposes only subject to special conditions.

The law protects water bodies from pollution and damage and guarantees the safety of animals and plants located there. Protecting the existing natural balance, the Water Protection Code of the Russian Federation determines the rules of use, punishment for violation of adopted resolutions and regulations for the use of the water protection zone.

In order to avoid troubles that may arise after the completion of construction and when issuing a certificate of ownership, violations of the law should be prevented. When obtaining a development permit or registering home ownership, you will have to deal with unforeseen circumstances. The best option is to obtain prior approval and obtain permission rather than paying significant fines for proven violations.

The most serious option is when the developer receives an order to demolish the erected building, which can be extremely difficult to cancel. By law, the prohibition on construction in the coastal zone applies to 20 m from the water's edge. A nearby house or outbuildings may be demolished by court order.

It is prohibited to install fences and other barriers that prevent third parties from accessing the reservoir. Having fenced off part of the coastal zone and created additional inconvenience for citizens, the owner of the site will be forced to demolish it and pay a fine.

Do not forget that the liquidation work is paid for by the violator, and the funds are recovered from the perpetrator through enforcement proceedings.

Restrictions on construction in the water protection zone

The protection of the water protection zone is carried out in accordance with established standards. Approved coastline is the starting point for all measurements regarding planning permission. Usage coastal strip has restrictions on implementation various types activity and depends on the distance from the source of the reservoir.

For example, the width of the strip on which construction is not allowed is is for rivers:

if it is less than 10 km from the source, then 50 m should be retreated from the water’s edge;
if 10-50 km, then construction cannot be carried out closer than 100 m;
if more than 50 km, then a retreat of 200 m is required.

The calculation of the indentation from the water in the case of lakes and other closed water reservoirs is carried out depending on the perimeter of the coastline and the surface area of the object. For example, if a lake is less than half a kilometer in size, then the water protection zone is located at 50 m. This regulation applies to artificial and natural water resources. For seashore The distance for development is significantly higher and is set at 500 m.

If the river is of short length, less than 10 km, then the water protection zone coincides with the shore. An exception is made for activities carried out directly near the source of a stream or small river. You will have to retreat 50 m from the shore, otherwise the ban on construction near a water body will be violated.

Other restrictions on use in economic activity and living near a water protection zone the following applies:

inadmissibility of using wastewater for land reclamation and other agricultural needs. Since the land plot is located in close proximity to the reservoir, after watering and irrigation, wastewater enters the reservoir;
the formation of animal burials, cemeteries or storage is unacceptable in the zone industrial waste, especially increased toxicity;
Plowing of plots is not permitted. The coastline should not be exposed to heavy equipment, the formation of earthen debris and other actions leading to soil erosion;
it is forbidden to graze livestock or set up summer paddocks in the protection zone;
the movement of all types of transport, the formation of spontaneous or planned parking is prohibited.

In front of everyone existing restrictions, construction in compliance with established rules is permitted by law. This will require additional permits and entry into project documentation equipment and devices to protect nearby water bodies.

IN lately near the banks of rivers, reservoirs and other bodies of water, all kinds of real estate objects are increasingly appearing, the construction of most of which does not meet basic requirements Russian legislation. That is why many Russians are interested in the question of the possibility of locating objects in coastal zones. According to the law, any of our compatriots has the right not only to acquire land plots in the water protection zone, but also to build them at your own discretion, while observing all restrictions established by the state and without violating the law.

What is a water protection zone?

As article No. 65 states Water Code Russian Federation, a water protection zone is a territory that is directly adjacent to the coastline of a water body, where a special regime of activity (economic or any other) is established, as well as the use and protection of natural resources in order to prevent their malicious or accidental pollution and preserve existing flora and fauna of these water bodies.

Where can you not start construction?

That is why, before starting construction, you should clearly understand whether this can be done in water protection zones and what the consequences may be if such real estate is built with significant violations of the law. After all, the situation may be such that it will be completely impossible to obtain a construction permit. Or even worse: you will have to demolish the newly built house.

Before we talk about construction restrictions, it is necessary to understand exactly where construction cannot begin under any circumstances. In no way should this be done at the very edge of the reservoir. The situation is such that, according to the law, any construction work at a distance of less than 20 meters from the shore is completely prohibited. Moreover, restricting the unhindered access of citizens to the coastal territory by erected fences and other barriers can lead to very unpleasant consequences.

Other restrictions on construction within the boundaries of water protection zones.

Outside the boundaries of cities and villages, the width of the water protection zone of reservoirs, as well as the width of their coastal protective strip should be installed only depending on the coastline approved by law.

Within the water protection zones of reservoirs, coastal protective strips are introduced, in the place of which additional restrictions are established for various types of activities.
The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is introduced depending on their source length:

up to 10 km - in the amount of fifty meters;
from 10 to 50 km -100 m;
from 50 km and more -200 m.

The width of the coastal protective strip near lakes and various reservoirs, the area of which is no more than 0.5 square km, will be 50 meters. It should be noted that near the seas the width of such zones must be 500 meters, which is significantly greater than that of any other natural and artificial reservoirs.

For rivers and the rest water bodies, the length of which is slightly less than 10 km, the water protection zone completely coincides with the coastal protective strip. In this case, the radius of this zone for the sources of rivers and streams should be set at 50 meters.

In addition, within water protection zones it is strictly prohibited:

use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;
place cemeteries, places where waste from industrial and economic activities can be stored;
plowing land, placing dumps of eroded soil, and organizing pastures for animals;
movement and parking of vehicles, including forced ones.

Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, repair, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed and even permitted in the case of equipping these facilities with buildings that can ensure the protection of rivers, reservoirs, etc. from water pollution and depletion in full compliance with water and environmental laws.

Everyone knows that man and his economic activities negatively affect natural environment. And the load on it increases from year to year. This fully applies to water resources. And although 1/3 of the earth's surface is occupied by water, it is impossible to avoid its pollution. Our country is no exception, and close attention is paid to the protection of water resources. But it is not yet possible to solve this problem fully.

Coastal areas subject to protection

A water protection zone is a zone that includes the area around any water bodies. Special conditions are created here for within its boundaries there is a protective coastal strip with a more strict protection regime, with additional restrictions on environmental management.

The purpose of such measures is to prevent pollution and clogging of water resources. In addition, the lake may silt up and the river may become shallow. Aquatic environment- this is a habitat for many living organisms, including rare and endangered ones listed in the Red Book. Therefore, security measures are necessary.

The water protection zone and the coastal protective strip are located between the coastline, which is the boundary of the water body. It is calculated as follows:

for the sea - according to the water level, and if it changes, then according to the low tide level,
for a pond or reservoir - according to the retaining water level,
for streams - according to the water level during the period when they are not covered with ice,
for swamps - from their beginning along the border of peat deposits.

The special regime at the border of water protection zones is regulated by Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation.

Design

The basis for the design are regulatory documents that are approved by the Ministry natural resources Russia and are consistent with those authorities that are responsible for

Customers for the design are territorial authorities from the Ministry of Water Resources of the Russian Federation. And in the case of reservoirs given for individual use - water users. They must maintain the territory of the coastal protective strip in proper condition. As a rule, tree and shrub vegetation should grow at the border.

Projects undergo verification and environmental assessment, and are approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Special characters indicate where the border of the coastal protective strip ends. Before the project comes into force, its dimensions and the dimensions of water protection zones are plotted on the plan diagram for the development of settlements, land use plans, and cartographic materials. The established borders and regime in these territories must be brought to the attention of the population.

Dimensions of the protective coastal strip

The width of the protective coastal strip depends on the steepness of the slope of the river or lake basin and is:

30 m for zero slope,
40 m for slope up to 3 degrees,
50 m for a slope of 3 degrees or more.

For swamps and flowing lakes, the border is 50 m. For lakes and reservoirs where valuable fish species are found, it will be within a radius of 200 m from the coastline. On the territory settlement, where there are storm sewer drains, its boundaries run along the embankment parapet. If there is none, then the border will pass along the coastline.

Prohibition on certain types of work

Since the zone of the coastal protective strip has a stricter protection regime, the list of works that should not be carried out here is quite large:

The use of manure waste to fertilize the land.
Placement of agricultural and household waste, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds.
Use for discharging contaminated water and garbage.
Washing and repairing cars and other mechanisms, as well as their movement in this area.
Use for transport placement.
Construction and repair of buildings and structures without approval from authorities.
Grazing and summer housing of livestock.
Construction of garden and summer cottages, installation of tent camps.

As an exception, water protection and coastal protective strips are used to accommodate fishing and hunting farms, water supply facilities, hydraulic engineering facilities, etc. In this case, a water use license is issued, which stipulates the requirements for compliance with the rules of the water protection regime. Those persons who carry out illegal actions in these territories are responsible for their actions within the framework of the law.

Construction in a water protection zone

The protective coastal strip is not a place for development, but for the water protection zone there are exceptions to the rules. Real estate objects are still “growing” along the banks, and in geometric progression. But how do developers comply with legal requirements? And the law says that “the placement and construction of residential buildings or summer cottages with a water protection area width of less than 100 m and a slope steepness of more than 3 degrees is strictly prohibited.”

It is clear that the developer must first consult the territorial department of the Water Management Department about the possibility of construction and the boundaries of the protective coastal strip. A response from this department is necessary to obtain a construction permit.

How to avoid sewage pollution?

If the building has already been erected and is not equipped with special filtration systems, then the use of receivers made of waterproof materials is permitted. They do not allow contamination environment.

Facilities that support the protection of clean water sources are:

Sewerage and centralized stormwater drainage channels.
Structures into which contaminated water is discharged (to specially equipped ones. This can be rain and melt water.
Local (local) treatment facilities built in accordance with the standards of the Water Code.

Places for collecting consumer and industrial waste, systems for discharging wastewater into receivers are made of special durable materials. If residential buildings or any other buildings are not provided with these structures, the protective coastal strip will suffer. In this case, fines will be imposed on the enterprise.

Penalties for violation of the water protection regime

Fines for improper use of protected areas:

for citizens - from 3 to 4.5 thousand rubles;
For officials- from 8 to 12 thousand rubles;
for organizations - from 200 to 400 thousand rubles.

If violations are found in the private housing development sector, then the fine is issued to the citizen, and his costs will be small. If a violation is detected, it must be eliminated within the allotted time frame. If this does not happen, then the building is demolished, including forcibly.

For violations in the protective zone where drinking sources are located, the fine will be different:

citizens will contribute 3-5 thousand rubles;
officials - 10-15 thousand rubles;
enterprises and organizations - 300-500 thousand rubles.

Scale of the problem

The coastal protective strip of a water body must be operated within the framework of the law.

After all, one polluted lake or reservoir can become a serious problem for an area or region, since everything in nature is interconnected. The larger the body of water, the more complex its ecosystem. If the natural balance is disturbed, it can no longer be restored. The extinction of living organisms will begin, and it will be too late to change or do anything. Serious disturbances to the environment of water bodies can be avoided with a competent approach, compliance with the law, and careful attention to the natural environment.

And if we talk about the scale of the problem, then this is not a question of all humanity, but a reasonable attitude towards the nature of each individual person. If a person treats with understanding the riches that planet Earth has given him, then future generations will be able to see pure, transparent rivers. Scoop up water with your palm and... try to quench your thirst with water that is impossible to drink.

Water protection zones And coastal protective strips– these terms have been on everyone’s lips lately. And some people have already found themselves in an unpleasant situation related to these concepts. So let's finally figure out what it is.

Water protection zones and coastal protective strips of water bodies - these terms were introduced by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996 N 1404 “On approval of the regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips.” The boundaries of zones and stripes, modes of their use, responsibility for their violations are determined by decisions of specific entities Russian Federation, on whose territory these water bodies are located.

Water protection zones of water bodies

Water protection zone water body - the territory adjacent to the water body. A special regime for its use and conduct of economic and other activities is determined on this territory. By by and large For an amateur fisherman, this concept is not needed. But, for general development, so to speak, in general outline, I’ll tell you about it.

The size of the water protection zone is determined depending on the type of water body. For this size is determined depending on the length of the river and the area in which it flows. For lowland and mountain rivers he is different. In addition, for rivers that experience increased anthropogenic impact, the size of this zone is determined.

For lakes and reservoirs, the size of the water protection zone is determined depending on the area and location of the object. And, just like for rivers, depending on their significance and the degree of influence of anthropogenic impact on them.

As an example, I will give several values. For the river in Kemerovo region The size of the water protection zone is determined based on its drinking water and recreational value at 1000 meters. For mountain rivers and mountain sections of rivers – 300 meters. For rivers whose length is from 10 to 50 kilometers - 200 meters, from 50 to 200 kilometers - 300 meters, more than 200 kilometers - 400 m. For the Aba River (a tributary of the Tom), which has undergone significant anthropogenic impact, the size of the water protection zone is determined to be 500 meters.

For the Belovskoye Reservoir, the size of the water protection zone is determined to be 1000 meters. For the Kara-Chumysh reservoir this size is 4 kilometers, as well as for Lake Bolshoy Berchikul. For other lakes and reservoirs, the size of water protection zones is determined depending on the area of the water area. With a surface area of up to 2 square kilometers, the size of the water protection zone is determined to be 300 meters; for more than 2 square kilometers, the water protection zone is 500 meters.

In water protection zones, the use of aviation for pollination of fields and forests, the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, and their storage are prohibited. Placing warehouses is prohibited fuels and lubricants and coal, ash and slag waste and liquid waste. Posting is prohibited livestock farms, cattle burial grounds, cemeteries, burial and storage of household, industrial and agricultural waste. Mining, excavation and other work is prohibited.

In water protection zones, it is prohibited to wash, repair and refuel vehicles, as well as place parking for vehicles. It is prohibited to place gardens and summer cottages where the width of water protection zones is less than 100 meters and the steepness of the slopes is more than 3 degrees. Logging in main use forests is prohibited. Construction, reconstruction of buildings and structures, communications without the consent of a specially authorized person is prohibited government agency management of the use and protection of water resources.

Coastal shelterbelts

Coastal shelterbelts– these are territories directly adjacent to a water body. This is where the amateur fisherman needs to be more careful. And this is connected not with the fisherman himself, but with his transport. Even more stringent restrictions apply within the boundaries of coastal protective strips.

In coastal protective strips, everything that was prohibited for water protection zones is prohibited. In addition, special prohibitions are added. In coastal protective zones prohibited movement of all vehicles , excluding cars special purpose. It is prohibited to plow the land, store dumps of eroded soil, or organize summer camps livestock and grazing, and establish seasonal permanent tent camps. The allocation of garden plots and plots for individual construction is prohibited.

The most important prohibition for fishermen is the prohibition of vehicle movement within the boundaries of coastal protective strips. If you violate this prohibition, there is a chance of running into a very significant fine.

The boundaries of coastal protective strips are determined, as I wrote above, by decisions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. For example, for the Kemerovo region, the size of coastal protective strips is shown in the table below.

Types of land adjacent to a water body	The width of the coastal protective strip in meters, with the slope of the slopes of the territories adjacent to it
	reverse and zero	up to 3 degrees	more than 3 degrees
Arable land	15-30	30-55	55-100
Meadows and hayfields	15-25	25-35	35-50
Forests, bushes	35	35-50	55-100

In coastal protective strips, plots of land are provided for the location of water supply, recreation, fishing and hunting facilities, hydraulic engineering and port structures upon receipt of water use licenses.

Owners of lands and objects located in water protection zones and coastal protective strips must comply with the established regime for their use. Persons who violate this regime are liable in accordance with current legislation.

Installed within city beaches or along the shores of reservoirs in rural areas. But not every person knows what a water protection zone is.

From the information posted on city stands, one can only glean information about the size of this very zone. As a rule, on these signs it is written: “Water protection zone. 20 meters."

The information content of such stands for people going on vacation to the shores of water bodies is zero. Tourists, in principle, do not understand what a water protection zone is, what restrictions there are on staying in this natural area, how you can relax in such a place, and what you should never do. Therefore, you need to find out what it is yourself, and this should be done before the onset of hot weather. summer days.

By what document are they determined?

Water protection zones are indirectly related to water itself. The decoding of this definition is stated in Article 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation. However, legal language is quite difficult to understand, and this article is no exception.

The article is quite voluminous and includes many nuances concerning not only the definition of the concept in general, but also the rules for specific natural areas, for example for Lake Baikal. In addition, separate paragraphs prescribe the arrangement of water and territorial objects.

A person who is not familiar with legal terminology and the peculiarities of presentation of the text can navigate this law and “learn” from its content necessary information it can be quite difficult. The text is filled with footnotes, amendments, dates of their adoption and other similar additions to the main content.

What is this?

A water protection zone is the entire territory adjacent to any body of water at any location. Its length along a line perpendicular to the shore ranges from 50 to 200 meters. For natural monuments and protected areas, such as Baikal, the sizes are set in a special order, figuratively speaking - individually.

Within this territory, a coastal strip of a water protection zone is established, which has its own boundaries. Regardless of whether there is an information board or not, each body of water that has a permanent channel or depression has its own, protected by law coastal zone.

What is the purpose of these zones?

The purpose of creating, or rather isolating them from the general landscape of legally protected areas is to preserve the environment and microclimate of the water body.

That is, the presence of such zones prevents:

clogging;
shallowing;
siltation;
pollution.

This ensures the safety of water resources and prevents such phenomena as waterlogging and depletion of river and lake water sources.

In addition to the above, the coastal water protection zone provides:

microclimate integrity;
preservation of natural biological processes;
maintaining the living conditions of animals and other inhabitants, such as reptiles;
preventing the extinction of certain plant species.

Of course, there are restrictions on the types of activities and methods of recreation in such areas.

What is prohibited?

The entire water protection zone, coastal strips and areas remote from it are not a place for human economic activity. Although many people believe that the ban applies only to the activities of enterprises, farms, factories and other similar facilities, in fact, the provisions of the law are addressed to everyone. That is, they must be executed by both enterprises and individuals.

Forbidden:

fertilize soils with wastewater and carry out other types of drainage;
arrange all types of biological burials, that is, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, cesspools, burying and draining food waste;
place for storage or dispose of toxic, explosive, chemical, poisonous, radioactive and other similar substances;
pollinate with chemicals from the air;
build gas stations, premises for the use of fuels and lubricants, with the exception of port areas and other water bodies;
use pesticides and other types of active agrotechnical substances and fertilizers in economic activities;
extract minerals, such as peat.

These regulations are often violated. Moreover, the violators are not the owners of farms or enterprises, but rural residents who simply do not know about this law.

Are such zones only in Russia?

For the first time in the USSR, such a concept as a “water protection zone” was introduced and legislated. Water body, for example, a port or pier, it did not concern and had slightly different geographical boundaries than now. After the collapse of the USSR, in one form or another, the protection of coastal territories, ensuring the ecological cleanliness of water bodies, was preserved in all the former republics.

IN Western Europe, Asia and the American continent, there is no such thing as a water protection territory.

How are the boundaries of this zone established?

The starting point for determining the distance at which the border of the water protection zone will lie is the coastline. That is, the border between water and land. For bodies of water with variable indicators, such as seas, the maximum possible boundary of the tide line is taken as the basic starting point for measurement.

For a number of natural protected areas, slightly different rules apply. There are also separate additions related to artificially created reservoirs and reservoirs.

All data on the territorial boundaries of these protected areas are subject to mandatory recording in the State Cadastre. And besides this, all information about such zones is also registered in the State Water Register.

What might be the boundaries for river zones?

How wide the water protection zone of an object will be depends on its characteristics. For rivers and streams it is determined by length, and for lakes - by area.

The average, generally accepted, legally prescribed dimensions of protected areas for river beds and streams are as follows (in meters):

The depth of a legally protected area of 50 meters is set by default for not very long rivers or streams. The limit on the length of water channels with this size of the protective zone is 10 kilometers.

If the river stretches for a distance of 10 to 50 kilometers, then its natural protected zone will be larger. For such reservoirs, the depth of the legally protected ecosystem is 100 meters.

The water protection zone of the river, with a length of more than 50 kilometers, will go even further into the landscape. Its border will be 200 meters from the water line.

What might be the boundaries for zones of other bodies of water?

In the absence of any factors requiring an individual approach to determining the location of the boundary of the protected zone, its extent for lakes, reservoirs and seas is determined by the general requirements of the law.

The default water protection area for lakes and reservoirs is established with a length of 50 meters from the water line.

If the reservoir is a reservoir or reservoir created on the main watercourse, then the length of the depth of the protective strip must be no less than the width of this watercourse. Measurement is carried out at the widest point.

The default width of the protected sea strip on land is 500 meters.

How to behave in this zone?

Unfortunately, the laws defining the concept of “water protection zone” do not regulate the behavior of citizens relaxing on the banks of reservoirs. This is what the Code does administrative violations, which states that:

You cannot leave garbage - plastic, glass, tin, hygiene items, etc.;
you should not throw a smoldering fire;
no need to scatter food waste“for feeding” wild animals.

In addition to the basic postulates that determine behavior in nature, in the water protection zone you should be conscious and carefully read the general prohibitions. Most of them can also be interpreted for private weekend getaways.

What should you not do in this area?

Based on the general prohibitions listed in the law, it can be assumed that near the water line and on the shore within the boundaries of the water protection territory one should not do the following:

park a car, moped, scooter or motorcycle within the zone, and especially wash it vehicle;
bury and dispose of food waste;
to relieve oneself;
bury pets;
leave garbage, including parts of transistors, navigators or other devices that have become unusable;
enjoy household chemicals and hygiene products, that is, soap, cleaning and washing powders, shampoos.

In order to wash your hands, it is quite possible to move away to a distance that is safe for the river ecosystem. If this is not possible, then you can limit yourself wet wipes, which you will need to take with you along with the rest of the garbage.

Household chemicals, as well as various technical liquids spilled on the shore, disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem and poison the water, and therefore its inhabitants.

Anyone who has traveled out of town at least once has encountered the problem of finding a clean place on the shore of a small lake or river. It's no secret that our vacationing citizens leave behind mountains of garbage - from broken smartphones to hygiene products. This, of course, does not need to be done. But also bury plastic bottles, cans or other types of waste are also not allowed on the coasts. You must take the garbage with you and throw it away at the nearest place equipped for its collection.

Is it possible to feed birds and animals?

This question is of interest to many people who are responsible for their own stay in nature.

Seals live in reservoirs, ducks with a brood of chicks swim on the surface, and jumps along a tree fluffy squirrel- such an idyllic picture is not uncommon in the suburbs of even large cities. Of course, there is a desire to treat all these living creatures with a delicious bun, meat, canned sprats or something else.

However, you need to remember that when entering many protected areas There are signs prohibiting feeding of animals. This is not accidental and is not at all dictated by the fact that officials feel sorry for bread for ducks or peanuts for squirrels.

Feeding wild birds and animals leads to disaster in the local, individual ecosystem. Of course, if there is only one duck the only person Once during the summer he feeds him a delicious loaf of bread, then nothing bad will happen. But if the place is popular for recreation, and every visiting tourist begins to feed the local inhabitants, then this will inevitably lead to the fact that birds and animals will stop eating what they are supposed to by nature. As a result, the number of insects, small fish or something else will increase. Thus, the balance in the ecosystem will be disrupted.