Interdepartmental interaction in the social security system. Scientific electronic library

To improve the interdepartmental interaction of bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation, developed in accordance with paragraph 2 of section I of the minutes of the meeting of the Government Commission on Minors’ Affairs and the Protection of Their Rights dated December 21, 2016 city ​​No. 14.

Application
to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
dated 08/23/2017 No. TS-702/07

Guidelines
to improve interdepartmental interaction between bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation

I. General provisions

Guidelines on improving the interdepartmental interaction of bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation (hereinafter referred to as the Methodological Recommendations), developed in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section I of the minutes of the meeting of the Government Commission on Minors' Affairs and Protection their rights dated December 21, 2016 No. 14.

These Methodological Recommendations are addressed to bodies and institutions included in the system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors (hereinafter referred to as the prevention system), and are intended to help improve the efficiency of work on the timely identification of minors and families in a socially dangerous situation, as well as their social and pedagogical rehabilitation and/or preventing them from committing offenses and antisocial acts.

Interdepartmental interaction - joint coordinated actions (decisions) of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation;

Information interdepartmental interaction - exchange of documents and information, including in electronic form, between subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation;

Subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction are bodies and institutions of the prevention system, other bodies and organizations participating, within their competence, in activities to prevent neglect and juvenile delinquency;

The procedure (regulations) for interdepartmental interaction is a document defining the list of entities (participants) carrying out interdepartmental interaction, types of activities carried out within the framework of interdepartmental interaction, the procedure and forms of interdepartmental interaction, requirements for the content, forms and conditions of information exchange, including electronic form, the procedure for monitoring and evaluating the results of interdepartmental interaction.

II. Principles of interdepartmental interaction

Interdepartmental interaction should be based on the principles:

Legality;

Delimitation of competence between subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction;

Elimination of duplication of procedures for collecting and processing information about minors and families in a socially dangerous situation by subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction;

An individual approach to organizing work with minors and families in a socially dangerous situation;

Ensuring the confidentiality of information received in the process of interdepartmental interaction.

In addition, the applied approaches to the methodology for classifying families as being in a socially dangerous situation and in need of preventive work against them are recommended to be carried out on the basis of the principle of the presumption of good faith of parents in the exercise of parental rights. In accordance with the provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, raising a child for parents is an integral part of the exercise of parental rights, therefore, when identifying minors and families in a socially dangerous situation, authorities and institutions of the prevention system are recommended to first of all recognize and respect the rights and responsibilities of parents, legally responsible for the child.

Thus, the principle of the presumption of good faith of parents implies the good faith of the actions of parents in relation to their children until the relevant bodies and institutions of the prevention system (for example, the commission on affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, the guardianship and trusteeship body or other authorized body) do not the opposite facts will be recorded and established, indicating the dishonest behavior of parents in relation to their children.

III. Subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction

The organization and coordination of interdepartmental interaction on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is carried out by the commission for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, created by the highest executive body of state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and operating on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the commission of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation).

Organization and coordination of interdepartmental interaction on the territory municipality(urban settlement, municipal district, urban district, urban district with intracity division, intracity district, intracity territories of cities federal significance) is carried out by a territorial commission for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, created by the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or a municipal commission for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, created by a local government body (hereinafter referred to as the territorial [municipal] commission).

The subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction are:

Commission on Minors' Affairs and Protection of Their Rights;

Social protection management bodies;

Bodies exercising management in the field of education;

Guardianship and trusteeship authorities;

Youth authorities;

Health authorities;

Employment service authorities;

Internal affairs bodies;

Institutions of the penal system (pretrial detention centers, educational colonies and penal inspections).

Institutions created in the specified bodies that carry out individual functions for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, as well as commissioners for children's rights in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other bodies, institutions and organizations may participate in interdepartmental interaction within the limits of their competence in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of local government bodies, as well as resolutions of commissions of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and (or) territorial (municipal) commissions.

Commissions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and territorial (municipal) commissions, when organizing and coordinating interdepartmental interaction, taking into account an individual approach to working with minors and families in a socially dangerous situation, are recommended to use the full potential of the subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction.

Chairmen of commissions of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, chairmen of territorial (municipal) commissions bear personal responsibility for organizing the work of the relevant commissions to coordinate issues of interdepartmental interaction.

IV. Forms of interdepartmental interaction

Interdepartmental interaction can be organized in the following forms.

1. Interdepartmental analysis and interdepartmental forecasting are used to collect information (information) necessary to identify problems in organizing preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation.

Interdepartmental analysis is aimed at joint analytical development of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, where, based on the results obtained, further forecasting of the effectiveness of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation can be built.

The combination of information flows organized by various subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction makes it possible to anticipate the emergence of new problems in the family that is the object of interdepartmental interaction (for example, possible conflicts between a minor and his parents [other legal representatives]).

It seems necessary to analyze the totality of the data obtained by the body organizing and coordinating interdepartmental interaction (commission of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, territorial [municipal] commission) from the point of view of forecasting options for the development of events, which predetermines the placement and tactics of using various professional forces.

2. Conducting meetings of the commission of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, territorial (municipal) commissions, as well as the advisory bodies created by them (if any): working groups, councils, headquarters, consultations and other bodies.

3. Joint development of guidelines, rules, procedures, regulations, mandatory for implementation by subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction during their joint work, the establishment of which before the start of joint work with families in a socially dangerous situation affects the final result of interaction.

4. Coordination of documents necessary both for the organizational aspects of the implementation of interdepartmental interaction, and for the implementation of the joint professional activities themselves.

5. Carrying out joint comprehensive targeted activities, inspections, projects, operations, etc.

This form can have two varieties.

Firstly, this is a set of measures designed for a long period of time with the consistent accumulation of information, professional experience in working with families in a socially dangerous situation, and the gradual introduction of forces and means of various subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction (implementation of interdepartmental programs for the social rehabilitation of minors and families in socially dangerous situations).

Secondly, these are short-term, single joint actions of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction (for example, an examination of the living conditions in which a family lives).

When implementing this form, the body organizing and coordinating interdepartmental interaction (commission of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, territorial [municipal] commission), in agreement with other subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, can determine the circle of participants in the event who have the professional skills necessary to complete the assigned tasks.

6. Development of a unified strategy for joint interaction (for example, in the field of preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency).

The results of joint strategy development can be implemented in proposals in the preparation of various organizational and tactical measures, complex operations, joint work plans, departmental acts (orders, resolutions) or local decisions.

7. Working meetings of managers or other representatives of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, which are organized to increase the efficiency of mutual information and response to the problem that has arisen (for example, the fight against neglect, homelessness and juvenile delinquency).

At such meetings, agreements are reached on coordination of actions and information exchange, and plans for joint activities are prepared.

8. Information interdepartmental interaction, which is implemented through information exchange between subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, including using modern technologies (for example, the Internet information and telecommunications network, local interdepartmental networks, databases and others).

This form allows you to conduct network consultations, webinars, conference calls, teleconferences.

When organizing interdepartmental interaction, various forms of interdepartmental interaction can be used simultaneously.

V. Information interdepartmental interaction

Information interdepartmental interaction is carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 9 Federal Law dated June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ “On the fundamentals of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency.”

Conditions for the exchange of information, requirements for its content and forms of presentation, including in electronic format, it is recommended to establish in the order (regulations) of interdepartmental interaction, which may have the status of a normative legal act or approved by a resolution of a commission of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and/or a territorial (municipal) commission.

When developing requirements for the content, forms and conditions of information exchange, including in electronic form, it is advisable to provide for:

Creation (determination) of an operator of the interdepartmental interaction system, which will ensure its functioning in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of information, information technology and information protection;

Possibility of using centralized databases and information system classifiers connected to the interdepartmental interaction system. It is recommended that participants in interdepartmental interaction have access to electronic services for the implementation of interdepartmental interaction to obtain information, the content and volume of which is necessary in order to exercise the powers assigned to the subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction;

Protection of transmitted documents and (or) information from unauthorized access, distortion or blocking from the moment of receipt specified documents and (or) information into the system of interdepartmental interaction;

Storage of documents and (or) information contained in electronic services of information systems of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction connected to the system of interdepartmental interaction and monitoring the performance of electronic services;

Conditions for organizing interdepartmental interaction;

The form for submitting an interdepartmental request and the response to this request;

Responsibility for untimely provision of documents and (or) information within the framework of interdepartmental interaction.

Document overview

Methodological recommendations are presented for improving interdepartmental interaction between bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency on the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation.

The forms of interaction and participants are indicated. Information exchange issues are regulated.

Introduction

Chapter 1. Interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere: concept, management practice 16-77

1.1. The concept of “interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere” 16 - 49

1.2. Interdepartmental barriers in solving problems of orphanhood in the territory 50-77

Chapter 2. Organization of interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in the territory 78-138

2.1. Principles and mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction of institutions in the social sphere 78-113

2.2. Overcoming interdepartmental barriers in solving the problems of street children and social orphans 114-138

Conclusion 139- 140

Literature 141 - 159

Applications 160 - 173

Introduction to the work

Relevance of the dissertation research.

Child neglect and social orphanhood are indicators of the crisis state of modern Russian society. According to official government data, the number of street children in Russia at the beginning of 2004 is about one million. Many researchers believe that the real number of homeless people is several times higher. Official statistics are unable to reflect the actual picture of the phenomenon being studied, since they only take into account children registered in specialized institutions.

To date, not a single structure of the system for preventing the neglect of minors has accurate information O families and children in socially dangerous situations. Available data vary significantly across departments. Thus, as of January 1, 2003, 7,797 families were registered with the commissions for minors’ affairs and protection of their rights in the Kemerovo region, which did not provide adequate conditions for the upbringing, maintenance and education of 9,949 children. According to information from the education departments of the Regional Administration, the number of such families is 8890, children - 14972, social protection population, respectively, 9419 and 18525 people 1.

According to the Administration of Kemerovo, in 2002, 2,893 orphans and children left without parental care were raised and educated in the city. 1,665 minors are under guardianship, 103 children have been adopted. As of January 1, 2003, graduates of boarding schools

1 Submission from the Kemerovo Region Prosecutor's Office dated April 16, 2003. No. 21-3-03 “On eliminating violations of the requirements of the law on the responsibility of parents for raising children in the activities of commissions for minors and the protection of their rights, educational authorities.”

of the number of orphans under the age of 23 - 308 people 2.

As a result of the instability of socio-economic and political life, children increasingly find themselves in difficult life situations from which they cannot find a way out on their own. Objectively, the need for state and public protection of minors is maturing. Solving childhood problems depends on the efforts of the family and on the activities of social institutions involved in the process of socialization of children.

The scale of the factors stimulating neglect and social orphanhood shows that only government services can resist the destruction of the family’s material wealth, mass unemployment, poverty, and crime. This is the only institution capable of integrating the efforts of all management subjects in the social field.

Institutions of various departments of the social sphere are called upon to represent and defend the cultural, educational, medical, spiritual and other interests of children. “The social sphere is ideally designed to ensure a sufficient level of well-being, from the point of view of the progress of social development, and the availability of basic life goods for the majority of the population” 3 .

Each department, within its competence, is responsible for solving certain problems of minors and for creating conditions for the implementation of their interests at various stages of the orphan’s life.

The positioning of the interests of orphans by social institutions often does not correspond to the focus and range of children’s needs.

Insufficient coordination of efforts is manifested in the course of work to identify a child in disadvantaged conditions. Belatedly, facts of parents’ malicious evasion from fulfilling their responsibilities towards their children become known. A decision is not made immediately

2 There should not be other people’s children (from experience in preventing neglect and
juvenile delinquency in Kemerovo). Kemerovo, 2003. - Issue. 3. - Sat.

3 Osadchaya G.I. Sociology of the social sphere: Textbook. allowance - M: Publishing house MGSU "Soyuz",
1999.-S. 28.

initiation of proceedings for deprivation of parental rights. According to child psychologists, the main character traits are formed in a child before the age of six or seven. As a result, social orphans fall under the care of the state somatically, pedagogically and intellectually neglected, with severe mental trauma, having behind them negative experience of life in the family.

Today, interdepartmental interaction, supported by the legislative and material base, is relevant. It is necessary to provide social support to graduates of boarding schools. When leaving the walls of the boarding school, orphanage graduates often find themselves thrown into life without the social experience necessary to live independently. Without the support of relatives and friends, without a good education, they, as a rule, cannot get a job. Due to a lack of funds in local budgets, they are not given housing; social benefits are only declared.

Since the mid-90s, a network of institutions and organizations for social protection of the population has become widespread, providing different kinds help and support for children in difficult life situations. Currently, there are more than 130 institutions operating in the Kemerovo region. Territorial specialized institutions provide such children with the opportunity for temporary residence, carry out social rehabilitation of minors, and provide legal, medical, psychological, economic, and pedagogical assistance.

The current situation determines the scale and direction of work of these institutions, forces them to constantly increase the volume of social assistance provided, and find new, more effective operating technologies. Along with traditional forms of work with social orphans, the activities of shelters for minors, centers for social assistance to families and children, social rehabilitation centers, etc. are being actively introduced (See Appendix 1). These structures provide social

support to those in need, being in close proximity to the family, child. Social protection institutions are also in contact with government authorities, on whom the solution to the client’s problems depends. Such a system allows you to assess the real life situation and find specific ways out at the managerial level. Increasing the number and diversity of social protection institutions is intended to ensure a variety of social services and their accessibility to the population. This testifies in favor of the widespread creation of social protection institutions, whose specialists are intermediaries and contacts with all structures of the social sphere. Social protection of the population was created as an independent system of institutions. In this sense, intradepartmental interaction is primary, and interdepartmental interaction is secondary. The logic of the functioning of social protection institutions transforms the secondary nature of interdepartmental interaction into primary importance.

Solving the problems of neglect and orphanhood of children is made difficult by the disunity of actions of social institutions in the territory. Existing technologies for working with minors regulate the actions of departments when providing social assistance to a child who finds himself in a socially dangerous situation: law enforcement agencies - when a teenager commits a crime, hooliganism, or if the child is found to be a vagrant; social protection - when working with a dysfunctional family and if it is necessary to temporarily place a child for the purpose of social rehabilitation; education - when placing him in children's boarding institutions, etc. The fate of the child is passed on “from hand to hand”, passing through the stages of technology. If the department has completed its task, then the child is removed from the register and either transferred to another structure (without further control over him), or released from sight altogether, and no work is carried out with him. Each department uses its own criteria, reporting indicators, and contributions when working.

gives its meaning to concepts. All services do not have a single operational field and a single mission. There is no reliance in the work on information from other structures to the required extent. Irrational duplication of functions makes work difficult.

So, the development of the system social services occurs contradictoryly, sometimes not consistent with the surrounding social reality. The existing network of social institutions for minors does not correspond to the severity and scale of disintegration of children, and the system of social policy measures is inadequate to the needs of the modern family.

Specialized institutions are not able to solve the problems of street children and social orphans at a socially acceptable level due to weak interdepartmental interaction between various social structures in the territory. The network of government institutions working with children is represented by various departments: education, health care, social protection, law enforcement agencies, housing and communal services, and culture. The issues of neglect and social orphanhood are dealt with by state authorities and local governments. They are also focused on protecting children public organizations and funds. At the same time, none of the departments performs a coordinating function. Consequently, these structures cannot be considered as a single complex on the territory.

So, the relevance of the dissertation research is determined by the needs of social practice, the severity of problems associated with children's restlessness, homelessness, orphanhood and the threatening increase in the facts of deviant behavior of children and adolescents. Another challenge of social practice is the prevention of violence against children, as well as the need for social rehabilitation in cases of crippled childhood. The relevance of the research topic to social practice is also confirmed by the fact that social protection institutions that directly work with the population and

The territorial and managerial aspect of interaction between social sector institutions is becoming relevant today, since society has the opportunity to unite the efforts of state, municipal authorities and institutions, non-profit “3rd sector” organizations to implement practical measures to mitigate the severity of the problems of orphanhood, especially in relation to social orphans, disadvantaged with living parents and by the parents themselves. The development of recommendations and mechanisms for interaction between social sector institutions makes it possible to more fully use the reserves of this area and save resources, to achieve overcoming interdepartmental barriers in the interests of the well-being of children and the entire population.

The stated topic of the dissertation research is scientifically relevant, since in the sociology of management today there are few works that reveal the problems of interdepartmental interaction of institutions in the social sphere.

Development of the topic in scientific literature.

The concept of “interaction” is used by researchers to explain a wide range of phenomena of social reality. Significant contributions to the study of this topic were made by such foreign scientists as M. Weber, T. Parsons, G. Simmel, E. Giddens and others. In Russian sociology common problems interactions were considered by B.N. Chicherin, M.M. Kovalevsky, P.A. Sorokin, K.M. Takhtarev and others. Among modern scientists we can name V.V. Zheltova, O.S. Razumovsky, E.V. Rudensky, M.V. Udaltsov, V.P. Fofanova, L.L. Shpak et al.

The scientific literature discusses such forms of interaction as socio-political (L.L. Shpak, V.V. Zheltov, etc.), informational (V.Z. Kogan, V.N. Shubkin, etc.), socio-economic (T.I. Zaslav-

yokaya, F.M. Borodkin and others), intergroup (B.S. Ageev and others), social partnership (I.M. Model, B.S. Model, G.Yu. Semigin, A.I. Sukharev and others).

General issues of social management are reflected in the publications of Yu.P. Averina, V.G. Afanasyeva, A.I. Prigogina, A.M. Omarova, T.M. Dridze, N.S. Danakina, E.V. Okhotsky, B.C. Komarovsky, N.M. Slepenkova, V.I. Dobrenkova and others.

Social policy in general and as a variety of regional policy is covered in the works of SV. Biryukova, N.D. Vavilina, L.G. Guslyakova, V.V. Zheltova, L.L. Shpak, F.E. Burdzhalova, G.I. Osadchey and others.

General problems of the social sphere are highlighted in the works of such authors as B.C. Barulin, V.N. Ivanov, V.N. Kovalev, Yu.E. Volkov, G.I. Siege-tea, SI. Grigoriev, L.G. Guslyakova, A.I. Lyashenko, A.M. Babich, E.N. Zhiltsov, E.V. Egorov, O.N. Viktorov, V.L. Kurakov, N.V. Bondarenko, E.N. Gri-bakina, etc.

Aspects of management of social sector institutions are reflected in the works of N.D. Vavilina, A.I. Lyashenko, M.V. Udaltsova, E.I. Kholostovoy, L.V. Topchego, V.G. Popova, S.A. Belicheva and others.

A narrow circle of authors (D.A. Kugan, E.V. Khizhnyakova, A.V. Gurevich, etc.) deals with related problems of interterritorial and intraterritorial interaction of social sector institutions.

The principles of the structure and functioning of organizations, technologies of organizational interaction were studied by N.S. Danakin, B.C. Dudchenko A.I. Prigozhy, V.V. Shcherbina, A.V. Strygin et al.

Socio-economic, demographic, psychological

pedagogical and other family problems are described in the works of employees of the Family Research Institute: A.G. Kharcheva, M.S Matskovsky, SI. Goloda, SV. Darmodehina, O.I. Volgina and others.

Social problems of orphanhood are reflected in the works of researchers from the Research Institute of Childhood of the Russian Children's Fund and the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

(I.V. Anisimova, V.V. Belyakova, I.F. Dementieva, I.G. Zhiritskaya, N.P. Ivanova, A.M. Nechaeva, etc.). The causes of social orphanhood are discussed in the works of V.V. Belyakov, V. Brutman, L.I. Kononova and others. State social policy in the interests of children is studied by E.M. Rybinsky, L.V. Kuznetsova, M.I. Nesmeyanova and others. Problems of violence against children in the family were considered in the works of L.S. Alekseeva, V.M. Zakirova, A.D. Kosheleva, M.R. Rokitsky and others.

Through the joint efforts of researchers in developing this topic, the following has been achieved:

A conceptual framework has been formed for the study of social interaction in the territory;

The concept of the social sphere is revealed;

The specifics of social protection institutions and the technology of work of these institutions with various categories of clients, including children and families in difficult life circumstances, have been determined;

Described social problems And causes of orphanhood.

Despite the results achieved, the principles and mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction necessary for a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanhood in the territory remained poorly illuminated. Insufficient attention was paid to the development of problems of interaction in the territorial and administrative aspect, including taking into account the positioning of the interests of orphans and the presence of interdepartmental barriers.

Research problem- weak use of territorial management mechanisms in the interaction of social institutions for a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanhood.

Object of study- interaction of social institutions in the territory.

Subject of study- organization of interdepartmental interaction in solving problems of orphanhood.

Purpose of the dissertation work- optimization of territorial and managerial mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving the problems of orphanhood.

Tasks, realizing the purpose of the study:

reveal the concept of “interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere”;

give a typology of interdepartmental barriers in terms of positioning the interests of orphans and the capabilities of social institutions;

characterize the principles and mechanisms of interaction between social protection institutions and other social institutions;

to study the possibilities of a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanhood by overcoming interdepartmental barriers in the social sphere.

Research hypotheses.

Hypothesis-basis: interaction between social sector institutions is a necessary condition for a comprehensive solution to the problems of orphanhood of children and adolescents in the territory; studying the problem of interaction in the territorial and managerial aspect makes it possible to optimize interaction processes in the interests of orphans.

Hypotheses-consequences:

Compliance with the principles of interaction allows us to develop a common, conceptually structured management approach to an integrated solution to the problems of orphanhood in the territory;

Technological support for interaction processes contributes to the concentration of resources and efforts of the interacting parties in solving key problems of orphanhood of children and adolescents in the territory;

Overcoming interdepartmental barriers leads to the unification of interaction processes and at the same time introduces a sufficient variety of forms, ways and means of achieving common goals by the interacting parties;

> The organization of interaction between social sector institutions depends on the competence of management personnel and the territorial and managerial capabilities of the interacting parties.

Theoretical and methodological basics The author's research became a systems approach and a method of system analysis. The structural-functional approach was used to study the object and subject area of ​​the dissertation research.

The closest to the study of processes, mechanisms and consequences of interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere are interpretive paradigms (paradigm of social action, adaptive), as well as the functionalist paradigm.

The basis of the dissertation research was the concepts of scientific and social management developed in domestic sociology, as well as the concept of social interaction.

Useful for the author were the ideas and concepts of modern authors who develop problems of organizations, technologies of intra-organizational and inter-organizational interaction (N.S. Danakin, V.S. Dudchenko, A.I. Prigozhy, A.V. Strygin, V.V. Shcherbina, etc. .).

Research methods: structural-functional analysis, expert survey, questionnaire survey, participant observation, traditional document analysis, secondary analysis.

Empirical basis of the study. Information equipment.

IN The empirical basis of the study included applied research conducted personally by the dissertation candidate and with her participation in 1998-2004.

From 1998 to 1999 on the basis of an orphanage-school in the village. Berezovo, Kemerovo district (departmental subordination to the Department of Education of the Kemerovo region), a study was carried out of social problems, the fate of orphans,

difficulties in the functioning of boarding schools, technologies for working with minors, interdepartmental relations between institutions during the placement, residence and exit of an orphan from the walls of an orphanage. Within this study surveys were conducted of workers and pupils of the Berezovsky orphanage-school (54 teenagers under 18 years old), materials of the institution’s work, accounting and reporting documentation for 1997-1999 were studied.

The study of the system of working with children who have lost parental care was also carried out on the basis of the Social Protection Department of the Kemerovo District Administration, where the dissertation candidate was familiarized with the current and annual accounting and reporting documentation of this structure (1998-1999).

The dissertation work used materials from participant observation during the period of work at the Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children in Kemerovo (2002-2004). In order to study the territorial and managerial mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction between social sector institutions, the following applied research was carried out at the Center:

> Participation in the work of the “Family” councils of microdistricts in Kemerovo (2003-2004);

U Survey of participants in the “Family” councils of microdistricts in Kemerovo (2004, 100 people).

The dissertation uses materials from the current archive of the Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children, as well as documents from the coordination council “Family” and the “Council for Prevention, Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency” in Kemerovo (for 2002-04).

In 2004 The dissertation author conducted an expert survey of 30 senior employees of social institutions in the city of Kemerovo (from among the participants in solving the problems of orphanhood and neglect of children in the territory).

Using the method of secondary analysis, research materials of the international project “Strategy”, close to the topic of the dissertation, were studied.

partnership tag: local development" (1999-2002, project leaders, Doctor of Philology, Professor V.V. Zheltov, Doctor of Science, Professor L.L. Shpak), materials of research conducted in the city of Berezovsky (Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children, director - Ph.D. N.B. Goryunova).

In addition, the information available about the British project on the problems of social protection of the population in Kuzbass was studied, materials from a sociological study conducted at the Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children in Kemerovo “Social services: meeting the needs of the population” (director - Chernyaeva I.A., scientific director - L.L. Shpak, performers T.Yu. Mochalova, M.N. Bolshakova, E.V. Polichuk, N.B. Sinitskaya; 2002-2003, survey of 600 people).

Scientific novelty of the research:

The concept of “interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere” has been clarified;

A classification of interdepartmental barriers in the interaction of social institutions in relation to solving the problems of orphanhood of children and adolescents is given (legal, organizational and managerial, innovative, social, psychological, cultural, communicative, religious, ethnic, gender, political, geographical and other barriers);

In the territorial and managerial aspect, a technological process of interaction between social sector institutions is proposed based on positioning the interests of orphans and social sector institutions;

The principles and mechanisms of interaction between social institutions in the comprehensive solution of orphanhood problems in the territory are systematized.

Theoretical significance of the study.

IN dissertation, conceptual provisions were developed that characterize the social sphere in the territorial and managerial aspect in relation to the problems of orphanhood. A conceptual scheme of technical

nological support of the processes of interaction between institutions, taking into account interdepartmental barriers and positioning the interests of orphans. The dissertation theses can be used as a starting point for further study of territorial and managerial problems in the social sphere.

Practical significance of the study.

The main results of the dissertation research can be used in the activities of state authorities and local governments, social institutions in organizing and conducting interdepartmental work to solve the problems of neglect and orphanhood.

The research materials can be used in university teaching courses in sociology of management and sociology of the social sphere, in various forms training and retraining of sociologists, political scientists, social workers, state and municipal employees.

The concept of “interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere”

In the dissertation, we consider interdepartmental interaction as a type of social interaction. The parties to the interaction are socially oriented entities (subordinate organizations, institutions on the territory), achieving their goals through certain professionally specialized measures and actions.

The concept of “interaction” has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields of scientific knowledge.

Attention to action and interaction was evident in the works of Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Hobbes, Kant, and other thinkers. They considered interaction in order to study and explain causality, development, unity-diversity of existence, etc. For example, Plato, in the doctrine of the ideal state, considered the interconnection and interdependence of the phenomena of the world and believed that people are constantly in need and unite for the purpose of mutual assistance. Hegel and Schopenhauer identified action and being 4.

Interaction is considered by many modern scientists (L.S. Vygotsky, E.V. Ilyenkov, etc.) from ontological and evolutionary positions. It leads to self-change, self-development of a person throughout life (ontogenesis) and, as a result, to the improvement of society (social evolution) 5. Social interaction is also studied in an anthropological key as “a condition for the species conservation of man and his continuous expansion in existence.”

The problems of social action and interaction were developed by many representatives of sociological thought of various schools and directions: conflict theory (R. Dahrendorf, L. Coser, etc.); sociological theories of international relations (V. Blanche, M. Shaw, etc.); social exchange theory (D. Homans, P. Blau, etc.); symbolic interactionism (G. Mead, G. Bloomer, D. Moreno, etc.); phenomenological sociology and ethnomethodology (A. Schutz, P. Berger, G. Garfinkel, T. Luckmann, etc.), the concept of impression management (E. Hoffman, etc.), etc.

Adherents of the concept of exchange understood social interaction as a constant exchange of values ​​(material and intangible). Exchange actions occur according to the “stimulus-response” scheme. From the point of view of symbolic interactionism, social interaction is a dialogue between individuals with a “personal self”. It is realized at two levels - interpersonal and intrapersonal. For interacting subjects it is important the world and the situation. They form meanings and try to interpret other people's actions through symbols. Doesn't happen direct influence on each other, but mediated by the use of symbols. External interactions influence the formation of internal self-reflection, which determines the structure of the personality.

Max Weber (1864 - 1920) first introduced into sociology and scientifically substantiated the concept of “social action”. He believed that sociology “is a science that seeks, through interpretation, to understand social action and thereby causally explain its process and impact.” An action is social if it is subjective in nature, that is, it is personally meaningful (motivated) and focused on the response of others. Interaction is purposeful, purposeful and controlled. The social actions of an individual or group of individuals is a central category in the theory. P.P. Gaidenko, in the preface to the publication of Weber’s works, writes that “the category of social action, as the initial “cell” social life does not make it possible to understand the results of the social process, which often do not coincide with the direction of individual actions.”

American sociologist Talcott Parsons (1902 - 1979), developing the theory of action 10, was based on the fact that individuals are endowed with the desire to act. In the process of interaction they are organized and united. Individuals have expectations about each other's actions, which determine social rules (norms) and generally accepted values ​​that help ensure the nature of responses. From Parsons's point of view, people are connected by common symbols learned at a conscious and unconscious level, which are elements cultural traditions. He considered the “single act” as the basic unit of the theory. This is the limit of action fragmentation. Acts do not exist separately, but are always connected with other acts. In his work “The Social System” (1951), he introduces the concept of “unit of action” as a unit of analysis. In the single action model, there is only one actor. Parsons then began to view the social system as based on interaction and introduced the status-role concept. Within the framework of this concept, social interaction was studied by the author as a system of standardized relations between figures who have a certain status and perform mutually expected roles in relation to each other. This system develops as a social structure normatively fixed and regulated by cultural patterns, performing the function of integrating society. The action system is made up of an “organized set of action orientations.” An action orientation is “a specific combination of choices relating to objects and constructed on the basis of the choices available in some specific situation.” The main elements of Parsons' system of action are the figure (actor), the goals of the activity, the situation, the means of achieving the goal, the conditions of action, normative regulators, motives, the action as such, the result. Parsons viewed the social system as self-organizing, reproducing balance and equilibrium between all subsystems due to their functional expediency. Parsons' student Robert Merton studied the functional connections and interactions of the systems of the social structure of society, their influence on the activities and behavior of people in society. P. Sorokin, G. Simmel proved the need to study social interaction not only between individuals, but also between complex social formations.

Interdepartmental barriers in solving problems of orphanhood in the territory

In the process of interdepartmental interaction, a number of difficulties, obstacles, and barriers to solving social problems are encountered.

A barrier is usually understood as some kind of obstacle, obstacle, difficulty in moving or doing something. In the literature they write about a barrier as an obstacle to the success of something, an obstacle to action and development of activity.

In interdepartmental interaction, barriers are circumstances (subjective and objective) that make it difficult for the participants in the interaction to achieve their goals. They complicate work, hinder coordination of actions, joint decision-making and the provision of social assistance to those in need.

Interdepartmental barriers in the interaction of social institutions in relation to solving the problems of street children and social orphans can be classified into legal, organizational and managerial, social, psychological, cultural, communicative, religious, ethnic, gender, political, geographical, economic.

The main management barriers that complicate the interdepartmental interaction of institutions in solving the problems of street children and social orphans are 42: The complexity of the management object;

There is a delay in information, characteristic of complex systems; The orientation of the subject making management decisions. The leader is simultaneously included in various social systems: official, group, socio-political, family, etc. Each system determines his role, rights and responsibilities. These roles may not coincide, provoking a conflict, contradiction, or barrier.

The issue of strengthening interdepartmental work is relevant at all levels of social sector management. However, barriers to interaction between institutions on the territory may be absent, not so acute at the ministry level and, accordingly, not taken into account or inadequately perceived when building interdepartmental interaction and creating a regulatory framework.

Considering organizational interaction in the theory and practice of social management, A.V. Strygin believes that the stability of this interaction is achieved with consistency in the functioning of various organizations within the framework of a common environment for them. These goals must coincide with the goals of the environment itself. A sufficient level of resource provision is also a condition for stability. Violation of one of the conditions leads to the emergence of barriers and organizational gaps. The main reason causing processes of a destabilizing nature is the lack of an effective mechanism for organizational support for decisions made at various levels, the consistency of these decisions and the orderliness of organizational interactions. He concludes that organizational interaction is a means to achieve higher levels of organizational effectiveness 43.

The emergence of interdepartmental barriers is associated with an organizational and managerial contradiction, the essence of which is that the objective need for various types of interactions is associated with high organizational differentiation, the desire for departmental autonomy and closed management.

One of the main reasons that generate contradictions in joint work is the lack of a coherent, logical concept for the development of the social sphere that adequately reflects the reality. This circumstance is manifested at all levels of management. On the territory, a general scheme of actions of institutions of various departments with a certain category can be developed. But there is no single concept within the framework of which all participants are considered as a single whole, interaction problems have not been identified and solved, and principles of joint work have not been developed and introduced into everyday practice. In the absence of a clear understanding of the content and specifics of the interdepartmental model at the federal and regional levels, it is difficult to jointly solve the problems of a specific territory and the institutions located on it.

Without a unified concept of joint action, each institution independently builds interdepartmental work on principles convenient for each individual case. An effective solution to the problems of street children and social orphans is impossible without a holistic concept of institutional management. If at the level of the administration of the institution the goals, mechanisms, principles of interdepartmental work are not defined, possible participants are not clearly identified, and those responsible for the results are not appointed, then joint activities will be left to chance. Without intra-organizational coordination of actions, each middle manager (head of department, foreman) will independently build interdepartmental work on the basis of personal connections and relationships, territorial specifics (presence of sponsoring organizations and institutions in the serviced territory that can help in solving specific problems).

The dissertation research conducted revealed the disunity of efforts within institutions. In most cases, heads of structural divisions are placed in conditions of competition among themselves, which leads to the desire of each division to increase its performance by any means. As a rule, there is an increase in quantitative indicators at the expense of qualitative ones. There is a lack of desire among branches to share their information with others and strive to help each other. For example, the head of a territorial department works with sponsors in his area and may be hostile if a representative of another department of the same institution begins to interact with “his” sponsors, since each department is placed in a situation of competition in its main areas of activity.

Principles and mechanisms of interdepartmental interaction between institutions in the social sphere

Each social problem is unique and requires an individual approach to its resolution. However, the process of resolving them has generally valid positions - principles. The principles of interdepartmental interaction are the initial fundamental requirements that guide interacting entities when organizing joint solutions to social problems. Principles are the most important basis of the management mechanism. They synthesize social laws and specific approaches to their implementation. The content and focus of the principles of interdepartmental interaction in solving the problems of street children and social orphans is determined by a number of factors: the strategic goals of the state and society as a whole; legislative regulation; scientific validity; goals and nature of joint work; departmental interests: specificity and importance of their implementation through interaction; subjective factor; availability of resource base; territorial features: development of social infrastructure, geographical location, local policy in the social sphere, national composition, etc.; attitude towards the interaction of institutions on the part of higher structures; specificity of the problems being solved. The basic principles of interdepartmental interaction of social sector institutions in solving problems of orphanhood can be grouped according to several criteria: The criterion of regulatory power (legal, social responsibility of management entities, social control); according to the degree of organizational and managerial technologization (the principle of adequacy, feedback, coordination of interdependent actions, the principle of automated accounting in information exchange, correspondence of functions to the powers vested); according to the criterion of compatibility of professional activities of personnel (competence, continuity, consistency of interests, measures of participation in interdepartmental coordination, compliance with the rules of business relations); program-target criterion (complexity and consistency, scientific and methodological validity, the principle of ultimate goal orientation, continuity in the provision of social assistance to orphans, problem-oriented orientation of the activities of institutions); Have a moral criterion in relations with children (principles of social justice, humanism, tolerance, participation in fate).

In practice, the principles of interdepartmental interaction, as a rule, are not used in isolation, but in close connection, which reflects their objective conditionality and directs joint efforts to achieve common goals.

Among the principles of organizing interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving the problems of street children and social orphans, one of the most important is the principle of social partnership. In the scientific literature and in practice, social partnership is interpreted ambiguously. Some understand it as a type of relationship between the state, employer and employee. Others understand social partnership in a broader sense, namely as a specific type public relations between social actors(social groups, layers, classes, etc.). Still others - as an ideological basis for coordinating and protecting the interests of various social groups. Following A.I. Sukharev, we believe that social partnership is not reducible only to social and labor interaction. “Interaction becomes a partnership if the interest of one subject cannot be realized without the participation of another and the simultaneous satisfaction of the needs of other subjects.”

Social partnership, as a system of civilized social relations, implies activities based on the coordination of interests, capabilities, and methods of work, which ensures the implementation of the intersecting interests of institutions of various departmental affiliations in achieving a common goal. Effective interdepartmental interaction is possible on the basis of respect for the positions and interests of the parties, taking advantage of the negotiation process. Partnership is characterized as a process of multiplication common interests 6l.

The partnership nature of the relationship presupposes the significance of the goals being achieved. Interdepartmental interaction can be implemented on the principle of social partnership, provided that the interests of achieving socially expected goals ( effective solution problems of street children and social orphans, etc.) will dominate departmental bureaucratic interests, when joint work, rather than individual actions of each institution, will be a conscious value for all participants. The implementation of these conditions is facilitated by the increased importance of the social tasks of the functioning of institutions at the level of government management structures and in society. Until government bodies realize the crisis situation in Russian society, the need to implement an adequate family policy, and the importance of solving the real problems of children, they will not be able to dominate the bureaucratic procedure in the functioning of departmental structures. The public should also not be aloof from what is happening and, with the help of appropriate mechanisms, should influence management activities to solve the problems of street children and social orphans. All participants in interdepartmental interaction should perceive each other as partners in achieving common goals.

The effectiveness of interdepartmental interaction critically depends on the implementation of the principle of social justice. Children who find themselves in a socially dangerous situation do not have the opportunity to take advantage of the rights guaranteed by law. The joint work of social institutions should be aimed at preventing this imbalance by ensuring social guarantees, creating opportunities for equal access to benefits. Compliance with this principle, on the one hand, determines the necessary conditions for the development and decent existence of a child, on the other hand, it establishes a connection between the specifics of a particular problem and the degree of participation of government agencies in the life of a minor.

Overcoming interdepartmental barriers in solving the problems of street children and social orphans

Solving the problems of child neglect and social orphanhood in the territory is carried out on the basis of interdepartmental interaction. An analysis of the situation of minors in a socially dangerous situation shows that the interdepartmental interaction being implemented is not optimally structured. Collaborative work is hampered by various kinds of barriers, inconsistency of interests and actions of the participants in the interaction. Optimization of interdepartmental interaction between social sector institutions in solving the problems of street children and social orphans depends on overcoming the barriers that exist in the practice of joint work.

Overcoming obstacles in interdepartmental interaction between institutions is facilitated by the introduction into practice of social and managerial cooperation technologies (for example, mastering procedures for coordinating interests, decisions, actions; creating a unified information and analytical base; concluding agreements of mutual understanding; optimizing document flow between institutions, etc.).

According to V.K. Potemkin and M.Kh. Balkizov’s principle of assessing the effectiveness of the social partnership mechanism 79, we can identify the main factors that stimulate interdepartmental interaction in solving the problems of street children and social orphans in the territory, and the restrictions that impede it (see Table 5).

The identified factors and limitations of interdepartmental interaction when solving the problems of street children and social orphans in the territory are of interest from a practical point of view, since they are the object of government influence in order to optimize existing

When organizing interdepartmental interaction, it is important to study and, if necessary, optimize the two previous types of interaction. The formation of interdepartmental interaction is carried out through the action of internal and external mechanisms. The effectiveness of interdepartmental interaction depends on intradepartmental interaction, which in turn is determined by the activities of individual institutions and the coordination of actions of all departments and individual employees of each institution.

Intra-organizational interaction based on partnership means the formation of coordinated actions between the divisions within the organization. The activities of the departments of the institution should be built on the basis of a common goal, a common policy, perceived by everyone as a single whole. Departments within an institution will function effectively and coherently if the structure and functions are consistent with the goals of the organization. The design of the organizational structure should be based on the strategic goals and plans of the institution, as this ensures its sustainability. “The structure of an organization is developed from the top down. This allows us to proceed from the hierarchy of goals and objectives, optimize the implementation of the construction of a chain of interconnected elements of the horizontal and vertical structure, and establish the relationship official powers and responsibilities" 80.

Intra-organizational interaction depends on the logic of management and organizational culture, the consistency of goals, tasks of structural units and individual performers, the compliance of their rights and obligations, resource availability and goals, on communications and feedback within the institution. There is an opinion among management that structural units, as a rule, are more interested in realizing their goal than the overall goal of the institution (M. Meskon). Management will be effective if the feeling of “WE” dominates in the institution; each specialist feels like a necessary link in the overall system. Intradepartmental interaction should be based on the common values, goals and objectives of the functioning of all constituent institutions, and their interdependence.

Intradepartmental and interdepartmental interaction is a dialectical unity. On the one hand, if there is no intradepartmental interaction, then we cannot talk about the effectiveness of interdepartmental relations. On the other hand, commitments to interdepartmental cooperation can have a positive impact and speed up the resolution of many intradepartmental problems.

Social protection of the population is a relatively young area of ​​practical activity of the state in implementing the main directions of social policy. A number of researchers note that today social work in general, it is focused on meeting the vital needs of clients, without qualitatively changing the social situation that caused difficulties 81. The possibility of direct contact with clients and their problems determines the adaptive potential of social protection institutions 82. Optimal forms of social security and provision of social assistance to the population are being developed. Social protection is trying to integrate organically into the existing system of the social sphere. An analysis is being carried out of the need for the existence of institutions and the demand for the services offered among the population. Territorial institutions, being in direct contact with clients, have a unique opportunity to build their activities based on an analysis of the needs of the population and taking into account real state social environment.

Today, in order to identify problems arising within an institution, analyze the demand for activities, adjust and optimize management decisions, it is relevant to conduct sociological support, the purpose of which is to optimize activities based on the scientific substantiation of management actions. Sociological support ensures the relationship between science and practice, promotes the flexibility of the management system, makes it possible to quickly respond to the current situation, and adjust the tasks of activity in connection with emerging environmental demands.

Since 2002, specialists from the Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children in Kemerovo have been working on the implementation of the consulting project “Sociological support social development CSPSiD" 84. The goal of the project is to optimize the institution’s activities in the field of providing social services to the population. The experience of establishing social assistance institutions for families and children in Russia shows that it is necessary to develop as complete a list of services as possible, taking into account the specifics of the territory. During the implementation of this project, taking into account the requirements of the population, a list of social services of the Center was developed. Service packages have been created according to the criteria of mandatory and optional, uniqueness and complexity of provision. Service packages have been created for various categories population served by CSPS&D.

The implementation of all activities of the early assistance system is possible only with the development of mechanisms interdepartmental interaction and social partnership .

Interdepartmental interaction provides the necessary General terms for the sustainable functioning of the early intervention system as a social system: complexity, quality, timeliness and variability of services.

The developed model of interdepartmental interaction of organizations providing services in the field of early assistance with healthcare organizations, social protection of the population, education, non-governmental (non-municipal) organizations is part of the basic regional-municipal model of early assistance and is based on the following principles:

• The principle of a state-public approach in the model of interaction and social partnership of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms of early assistance) with various organizations and departments, which involves the cooperation of the efforts of all participants in the process of interaction and partnership, including parents, specialists in various fields, government and public organizations based on a combination of both centralized management and support for local creative initiative.
• The principle of self-organization, which determines the non-linear nature of the formation and development of the partnership model and the interaction of the service/department of early assistance (consultation center and other forms) with various organizations and departments, the absence of prohibitions on the possible ways of its formation and functioning, combined with the model’s own development trends in the region.
• The principle of a proactive innovative model management strategy built on nonlinear interactions.
• The principle of continuity and succession, ensuring the necessary degree of participation of organizations and their specialists at various stages of social support for the family of a young child with disabilities. Allows for the implementation of continuous connections between organizations of education, health care and social protection of the population both at the stage of identifying and referring needy children and their families to the early assistance system, and at the stage of providing early assistance and transition to the preschool education system.
• The principle of hierarchy means that the system of partnership and interaction should function at various levels, subordinate, at least in organizational and methodological terms: at the regional, municipal, at the level of an individual organization. Compliance with this principle ensures effective management system.
• The principle of openness of partnership and interaction of the service/department of early assistance (consultation center) with various institutions and departments, involving the exchange of experience between subjects of interaction both inside and outside the model.
• The principle of mobility, which makes it possible to organize and provide the necessary resources for social support for families in the shortest possible time and as close as possible to the family’s place of residence.

The regional-municipal system of interaction and partnership of organizations providing services in the field of early assistance, with healthcare organizations, social protection of the population, non-governmental and non-governmental organizations is an important part of the model of early assistance in the region and its territories.

Characteristics of the vertical structure of the system of interaction and social partnership of organizations providing services in the field of early assistance with other departments and organizations

Characteristics of the vertical structure of the system are three levels of separation of powers (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Vertical structure of the interaction and social partnership model

The first level - the regional level - is represented by an interdepartmental coordination council, including representatives of interested departments, as well as representatives of non-governmental non-governmental organizations. Such a council may operate under the authority of the regional governor or deputy governor. This is a managing and coordinating structure that implements the principle of public administration. The first level includes regional authorities for education, healthcare, social protection of the population, economic development of the region and other interested departments (ministries of education, health, labor and social protection of the population, economic development of the region and other interested departments).

Resource and methodological support for social partnership activities can be entrusted to one of the regional centers of the leading department (for example, the Ministry of Education and Science of the region), providing medical, social and psychological-pedagogical support for children with disabilities, which has an early assistance department within its structure. Non-governmental non-municipal services/departments of early assistance (consultation centers, lekotek, play support centers, family support centers and other structures) can be supported by a regional business incubator (or a public organization working with families of disabled children in the region).

Functions: management and coordination of the activities of partnership entities at the regional level; organizational, information, personnel, software, methodological and other resource support for the functioning of the social partnership system, including legal regulation of the activities of social partnership entities; monitoring the effectiveness of interaction and social partnership.

Personnel support (the level of retraining and/or advanced training of psychological and pedagogical specialists) may be entrusted to regional educational development institutes and/or other centers of additional professional education in the region.

The second level is the municipal level. This level is represented by the municipal education authority, various practical institutions of education, health care, the social protection system, as well as non-governmental non-governmental organizations located on the territory of a given municipality. At this level, a “Council of Partners” can be organized under the municipality to manage and coordinate the activities of the organizations included in the system.

Functions: implementation and support of partnerships and interdepartmental interaction in various areas of cooperation based on the created municipal program or project.

The third level is the level of a specific organization (early assistance service/department, clinic, consultation center, etc.) participating in the process of interaction and partnership. All employees of the early assistance service/department have many other functions related to the performance of their professional duties. However, the choice to develop an early assistance service/department through a system of partnership and interaction dictates the need to involve employees in the design, implementation and management of social partnership. For this purpose, a “social partnership” working group is created, a group leader and its coordinator are appointed, their functional responsibilities are determined related to studying the needs of social customers, formulating a social order, designing a program or innovative project of an early assistance service/department, predicting the results of social partnership and interaction , control and monitoring; ensuring the quality of partnership and interaction, providing information and educational support, etc.

Functions: organization, coordination and support of social partnership in various areas on the basis of a project created jointly with partner organizations.

Characteristics of the horizontal structure of the system of interaction and social partnership

The characteristics of the horizontal structure of the social partnership system are focused on identifying important, critical areas and stages of activity, specifying these types or stages of activity and identifying parts in the system responsible for their implementation.

In the horizontal structure of the developed system of social partnership of the early assistance service/department (consultation center and other forms of early assistance) with healthcare, social welfare and education organizations, as well as with non-governmental non-governmental institutions, five subsystems with their connections and functions are identified.

This is a service/department (consultation center) of early assistance, organizations of the regional and municipal education system, health care and social protection systems, non-governmental non-governmental organizations of the region and municipality.

The central position in the system is occupied by the early assistance service/department (consultation center).

The specific task of the early assistance service/department (consultation center) is to initiate interaction, build relationships of cooperation and coordination with healthcare organizations, social protection, educational institutions and non-governmental organizations to ensure timely identification of children in need of psychological, pedagogical and medical-social assistance, to organize additional medical examination and/or provide qualified specialized medical care, to ensure timely entry of the family with the child into the early assistance system; to meet the real needs of a special family raising a child with disabilities in the first three years of life, as well as to determine optimal ways further preschool and school education or receiving services in the field of additional education.

The second subsystem is represented by organizations of the education system, a complex of their educational resources and services.

As components of the education system that are important for social partnership, we highlight the following organizations: regional education management body; regional institute for educational development, psychological-pedagogical and medical-social education centers, resource centers, methodological classrooms related to the district (intermunicipal) education system, and municipal educational organizations, including psychological-pedagogical and medical-social centers and preschool educational organizations, which include lekotek, early intervention services/departments, consultation centers, consultation rooms, etc., as well as leisure education centers.

The general goal of the education system in relation to children with disabilities is to create adequate conditions for the realization of the rights of children with disabilities in the field of education. The main resources of the system are a complex of educational resources and services.

The specific goal of specialists and educational institutions that make up the social partnership subsystem is cooperation between the activities of educational organizations and the early intervention service/department (consultation center) to ensure timely entry of the family of a child with disabilities into the early assistance system; to ensure processes implemented in the early assistance service/department (consultation center) - diagnostic, preventive, correctional, general education, etc.; to organize the exit of the family of a child with disabilities from the early intervention service and transition to the preschool education system.

The third subsystem is the organization of the healthcare system.

The healthcare system is represented by a regional healthcare management body, regional medical organizations and medical organizations of municipal subordination, including maternity hospitals, perinatal centers, children's hospitals, specialized medical centers, medical and genetic consultations, audiology centers and/or offices, clinics, paramedic stations, dairy kitchens and etc., as well as the organization of MSEC (medical and social examination).

The main resources of the system are a complex of treatment, preventive, rehabilitation resources and medical services.

The main functions and tasks of the district health care system, important for the social partnership system with the early intervention service/department:

• medical and genetic counseling;
• early detection of various developmental disorders in newborns, infants, early, preschool and school-age children;
• mass screening examinations of children to identify risk factors and diseases that can cause various deviations in the development of children;
• dynamic medical monitoring of the health status of children;
• in-depth comprehensive diagnostics of children's development and health using clinical and paraclinical methods;
• carrying out preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures;
• conducting a medical and social examination;
• explanatory and health education work with parents, etc.

The specific (innovative) goal of health care organizations that are part of the social partnership system is the cooperation of their activities with the early intervention service/department to ensure the timely entry of families with children with disabilities into the early assistance system of the region or municipality through early identification of those in need; accessibility of the early assistance system for parents and specialists through information and the creation of conditions in health care institutions; implementation of all actions within a limited period of time to ensure quick access of families with children with disabilities to available resources in the early assistance system; consumer awareness – increasing the family’s ability to navigate the system of services and gain access to resources and services of the region and municipality at the level of health care institutions. Another specific goal is the cooperation of the activities of health care organizations and the early intervention service/department to ensure the diagnostic process implemented by the service/department.

The fourth subsystem is the organization of the social protection system.

The social protection system of the population is represented by the regional governing body, social organizations intermunicipal and/or municipal subordination, including social centers and employment centers.

The main resources of the system are a complex of social resources and services.

The main functions and tasks of the social protection system, important for the system of social partnership with the early assistance service:

• provision of social assistance to disabled children and children with limited health capabilities in accordance with the procedure established by law;
• providing advisory assistance to families of disabled children and children with limited health capabilities;
• providing advisory assistance to organizations providing special medical, educational and social services.

The specific goal of specialists and social protection organizations that make up the social partnership subsystem is cooperation with the early assistance service/department to ensure timely entry of the family of a child with disabilities into the early assistance system; to ensure processes implemented by the early intervention service/department - preventive, correctional, general education, etc.; implementation of the transition of children receiving services in the field of early assistance in the organization of education to receive preschool and school education.

The fifth subsystem is the system of non-governmental non-governmental organizations.

The system of non-governmental non-governmental organizations can be represented by various organizations of people with disabilities, parent associations, funds to support families with special needs children, socially oriented NGOs, individual entrepreneurs etc. At the regional and/or city level, their interests may be represented by regional and/or territorial business incubators; parent non-governmental organizations, public organizations, etc. Basic resources are a complex of social, legal, material, financial and other resources.

The specific goal of specialists and non-governmental organizations that make up the social partnership subsystem is to provide variable and/or additional services in the field of early assistance to the family of a child with disabilities; ensuring the transition of the family of a child with disabilities and/or disabilities to the system of preschool and general education.

Content characteristics of the system of interaction and social partnership

1. Creation, provision and development of a set of conditions for the interaction of the early intervention service/department (consultation center) with various organizations and departments:

• legal validity of the partnership, rules of interaction and mutual control; sharing functions, roles, activities and operations with partner organizations;
• creation, support of functioning and further development of a unified information field covering the process of interaction and social partnership;
• socio-psychological conditions that contribute to the transformation of individuals or a group of individuals into a successful subject (interaction and partner) joint activities;
• the presence of a joint project or common plan as a way of organizing joint activities;
• activities to support and develop social partnership.

Joint outreach activities, including the exchange of information and data, posting information about the partner organization, including on the institution’s website; distribution of information materials; conducting joint educational events and campaigns; joint activities to inform and educate parents, both on the basis of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms), and on the basis of partner institutions, etc.

Joint activities on various problems of psychological, psychological-pedagogical, social and medical counseling for families of children with disabilities.

Joint activities to identify children and their families in need of the services of the early assistance service/department (consultation center), referral of children and their families to the early assistance service/department (consultation center and other forms of early assistance).

Joint activities to support families and children of early and early childhood school age with disabilities during the transition from the early intervention service/department (consultation center) to a preschool institution.

Joint activities to support a family and a child with disabilities in a preschool organization.

Joint projects to support certain groups of disabled children, children at biological and/or social risk, as well as their parents or persons in their stead.

Joint projects to implement an individual rehabilitation plan for a disabled child.

Joint projects to provide legal assistance and support to families of young disabled children.

Joint projects to organize social support groups for families of disabled children.

Joint scientific and methodological work.

Professional support for specialists from various institutions and departments involved in interaction and social partnership.

Joint activities to change the attitude of society towards the family of a child with disabilities.

Figure 2. Internal processes in the system of interaction and social partnership

The main “core” of the system of interaction and social partnership

The main “core” of the system of interaction and social partnership is formed at the level of the early assistance service/department (consultation center and other forms of early assistance).

Figure 3. Core of the interaction and social partnership model

The main, key point around which interaction and social partnership is formed is the social problem itself: supporting the family of a child with disabilities in the early assistance system. A social problem sets the basic values, meanings and goals of interaction and social partnership for all its subjects. However, identifying, comprehending and realizing a social problem is not enough for the emergence of jointly distributed activities; it is necessary to intersect the interests of the subjects of the proposed interaction and social partnership, namely:

• the importance of accompanying the family of a child with disabilities in the early assistance system for each of the potential partners;
• establishing the interests of each potential partner;
• joint formulation of goals and objectives of jointly distributed activities;
• awareness of one’s role, capabilities and resources in solving a social problem;
• awareness by potential partners that combining their forces and means has a significant effect in solving a social problem;
• awareness of the need to develop rules of interaction and mutual control.

Awareness of the importance of the social problem, as well as the actualization of the need for interaction and social partnership, combined with the obvious intersection of interests of potential partners, can lead to the formulation of a strategy for the development of interaction and partnership at the level of the service/early assistance department (advisory center), the creation of a plan or project for its development.

Thus, awareness of the importance of the social problem dictates the need to involve employees in the design, implementation and management of the process of interaction and partnership. For this purpose, a “social partnership” group is created, a group leader and its coordinator are appointed, their functional responsibilities related to studying the needs of social customers, formulating a social order, designing a program or innovative project of an early assistance service/department (consultation center and other forms) are determined. predicting the results of interaction and partnership, control and monitoring; ensuring the quality of interaction and partnership, providing information and educational support, etc.

As part of the implementation of a project on interaction and partnership at the level of early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms), specialists are prepared to demonstrate competence in this area; they acquire knowledge of the content of competence; they gain experience in demonstrating competence in a variety of situations, which forms an attitude towards its content and object of application, emotional-volitional regulation of the process and result of the manifestation of competence.

Joint activities during the implementation of the project’s objectives develop a community of specialists of different profiles within the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms) and contribute to the development of a collective subject of interaction and partnership “the family of a young child with disabilities and specialists of various professional groups.”

Thus, the “core” of the social partnership system is formed at the level of the early assistance service/department (consultation center of other forms).

Minimum in terms of quality and quantitative characteristics, but at the same time, a full-fledged structure, called the initial basic structure of the system of interaction and partnership, is formed in the course of building relations between the service/department of early assistance (consultation center and other forms) and its specialists with other organizations and other professionals. Partner organizations participating in joint activities can be represented by individual organizations in the education, healthcare, social protection systems and non-governmental non-governmental organizations. For example, a structure with minimal characteristics can be represented by an early assistance service/department (consultation center and other forms), its interaction with a children's clinic located in a given municipality; interaction with preschool educational organization; municipal social center, as well as the process of managing this minimal structure.

The role of an intermediary between the service/department of early assistance (consultation center and other forms) and any other organization and groups of their specialists is the community of professionals of the service/department of early assistance (consultation center of other forms), which performs two functions: initiation and involvement of specialists from other organizations in jointly distributed activities for interaction and partnership, as well as the transfer of funds, technologies, and techniques necessary to carry out these activities. In such mediation activities, the established community of professionals from the early assistance service/department (consultation center and other forms) takes on the task of revealing the significance of the social problem for a group of potential partners from other organizations; stimulates and supports their attention to the problem; clarifies the mutual interests of partners; participates in the joint formulation of goals and objectives of the activity; helps you understand your roles, capabilities and resources; helps to comprehend the experience of forming the first interdisciplinary professional competencies, etc. Thus, the emerging minimal initial system of interaction and partnership, just like the developed system, has a complex of philosophical characteristics - the values ​​and meanings of social partnership; goals; tasks; principles; strategy and development models; structural characteristics and their connections; content and dynamic characteristics; it also presents the result of the system’s vital activity.

The expected results of the functioning of the partnership model and interdepartmental interaction are:

• creation and provision of a set of conditions important for the interaction of the early intervention service/department and other institutions;
• improving the quality of interaction between the early intervention service/department and other partner institutions in creating the necessary social resources to support the family of a problem child;
• ensuring the availability of social resources of the region, municipality and organization to support the family of a disabled child and a child with disabilities;
• introduction of an information support system for the social partnership system;
• increasing the ability of executive authorities, local government, the public, the family of a child with disabilities and professionals to achieve socially significant results.

Malofeev, N.N. Early help is a priority of modern correctional pedagogy / N.N. Malofeev // Defectology. – 2003. – No. 4. – P. 7 – 11.

Razenkova, Yu.A. On ideological contradictions in the domestic practice of early care / Yu.A. Razenkova // Education and training of children with developmental disorders. – 2017. – No. 4. – P.3-8.

Razenkova Yu.A., Slavin S.S. Basic models of early assistance in the regional educational space / Yu.A. Razenkova, S.S. Slavin // Education and training of children with developmental disorders. – 2016. – No. 2. – P. 3-12.

Managing the quality of education: a practice-oriented monograph and methodological manual. Second edition, revised and expanded / Ed. MM. Potashnik. – M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia. – 2006. – 448 p.

At the municipal level, there is a peculiar concentration of efforts of various subjects of preventive activities. At the same time, the quality of their interaction at the micro level is the most important indicator of the degree of integration of their efforts. In the course of organizing such work, the main directions of its activities must be clearly defined, which will allow establishing a balance of preventive work and determining the areas of responsibility of the subjects of drug abuse prevention.

Improving the system of interdepartmental interaction to counter the spread of drug addiction in society is impossible without a clear division of functions and spheres of preventive influence of various departments and their subordinate institutions, determination of the main forms of interdepartmental preventive anti-drug interaction, therefore one of the most important tasks of public administration should be the determination of the main forms of coordinated actions of the subjects of the system prevention and delimitation of their functions and spheres of influence.

In our opinion, one of the forms of interdepartmental anti-drug interaction can be a comprehensive exchange of information of interest between representatives of each department. For these purposes, representatives of each subject of social prevention must immediately inform the commission on affairs of minors and the protection of their rights about identified cases of violations of the rights of minors susceptible to drug addiction or at risk of drug addiction to education, work, recreation, housing and other rights, and also about shortcomings in the activities of bodies and institutions that impede the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors.

Another form of interaction is the joint determination and adoption of adequate (social, medical or legal) individual preventive measures in relation to youth involved in drug use. In each specific case, different forms of influence on a person who allows non-medical use of narcotic drugs may be effective. Therefore, only a comprehensive assessment of all the circumstances of drug addiction and the adoption of joint comprehensive measures by all subjects of prevention can lead to the expected desired effect.

The third form of interaction is joint identification of the sources of drug supply among young people in order to bring persons supplying narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances to criminal liability and suppress drug trafficking. This form is more used by law enforcement agencies: the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Service, the FSB of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, as well as the Federal Service of the Russian Federation for Drug Control, one of the functions of which is to carry out preventive activities to prevent the illegal consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

For example, one of the main tasks solved by customs authorities and border troops is to block the channels for the flow of narcotic drugs across the border, which should ultimately create the preconditions for reducing the illegal consumption of drugs by the country's population.

Due to the seriousness and scale of the problems associated with drug abuse, the issue of interaction between customs and other government and non-government organizations involved in the prevention of drug abuse becomes extremely important. A special place is occupied by interaction with correctional labor institutions, due to the fact that the addictive illegal behavior of adolescents is inextricably linked with their consumption of various drugs. Teenagers with to varying degrees“experience”: from someone who tried it for the first time to someone who has a painful dependence on one or more substances. It may seem logical to believe that a teenager's stay in such an institution should benefit him, since he is isolated from his usual environment and access to drugs is blocked, he has time to think about his life and begin to renew himself. But isolation maintains the psychological foundations of pre-existing drug addiction. It helps to avoid problems that he has not coped with, so it is important to prevent the individual’s personal regression and assist in establishing anti-drug value orientations in him.

In some regions of Russia today, positive experience has been accumulated in interaction between government and administrative bodies, law enforcement agencies, civil society institutions (public and religious organizations, various foundations, educational institutions, facilities mass media), who are subjects of drug prevention. For example, in Nizhny Novgorod there is a school-rehabilitation center for adolescents with deviant behavior, where the Life Skills Training program, developed by employees of the Department of Primary Prevention for Children of the Research Institute of Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, was tested. The experience of Nizhny Novgorod residents has shown that such a program can produce positive results under the following conditions: all participants in preventive training must have preserved intelligence and should not have psychological disorders; organizational issues are of fundamental importance: the course should be as compulsory as literature and mathematics - this helps maintain the educational motivation of adolescents, the enthusiasm of coaches and ensures success in general; inclusion of various trainings. It seems possible to apply such a preventive program in all specialized institutions.

In the Department of Execution of Punishment of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the Tambov Region there is a medical correctional colony for drug addicts, where convicts from eight central regions of Russia are admitted. The colony has a hospital with eighty beds, necessary equipment for the treatment of drug addiction. Convicts not only receive the necessary medical care, but also education, and also have the opportunity to visit the temple, where preventive anti-drug work is also carried out.

One of the problems in organizing the interaction of various subjects of drug prevention is the coordination of their efforts within the framework of the education system. It involves the creation of a network of integrated psychological, medical and pedagogical commissions of educational institutions, the main purpose of which may be:

– identification of minors with developmental or behavioral deviations;

– conducting a comprehensive examination of them and preparing recommendations for assistance;

– determination of forms of further training and education, as well as systems of advisory assistance by specialists from various departments working with children and youth. Such systems are designed to provide qualified information to employees of educational institutions, students and parents about the negative consequences of drug use: medical, legal, social.

The interaction of various subjects of prevention in this case is carried out in several directions. First of all, during preventive anti-drug work carried out with parents. It involves the organization of parent universities, various associations of student parents to support “problem families” and the formation of an intolerant attitude towards drug use among schoolchildren; prevention of intra-family involvement of children in early drug addiction, cases of emotional rejection of children and abuse of them. For these purposes, family counseling is organized, the involvement of parental support groups, specialists from commissions on the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, social protection services, and internal affairs bodies to provide assistance to the “problem” family.

Another area of ​​interaction is the participation of prevention actors in educational and pedagogical work with children. It involves participation in the development and modification of educational programs focused on the formation of healthy lifestyle values; in the development and implementation of training programs - training of active psychological defense for students of middle and high school age; in the formation of the foundations of the educational system in educational institutions, preventing the emergence of causes leading to the use of drugs and psychoactive substances. Direct work in this area of ​​interaction must be carried out by internal affairs bodies.

Forming the belief that getting rid of drug addiction is an easy and always effective process is a negative aspect of the media’s activities that advertise medical centers, which unwittingly stimulates drug addiction. This conclusion is confirmed by studies in different regions among adolescents aged 16-19 years: the proportion of those who are confident that this disease is curable and those who find it difficult to answer the question is 80% or more. This attitude of young people is completely untrue, since today the healing process is extremely difficult and, most importantly, does not guarantee success. Therefore, advertising of this medical activity is necessary, but at the same time it must be accompanied by a powerful suggestive effect on the consciousness of young people, forming a belief in the positive medical effect of recovery from drug addiction only in isolated cases.

The conclusions we have formulated require not just strengthening prevention, but, first of all, studying the mechanism of involving children and adolescents in drug addiction. According to the respondents in our study, there are three main incentives that force people to try drugs: curiosity, imitation and the desire to escape from life's problems. This distribution of answers, with some adjustments, corresponds to the idea of ​​two prerequisites for youth drug abuse.

Firstly, this is a painful change in spirit, that is, the youth have no idea about drug addiction as a result of deformed consciousness.

Secondly, unresolved social problems. Drugs act as a way of adapting to a problematic situation and relieving socio-psychological stress.

Consequently, preventive activities should include at least the solution of two tasks: the targeted formation of anti-drug consciousness with an appropriate system of values, which can only be the result of effective educational work; providing socio-psychological assistance to young people at risk. It is quite natural that solving these problems involves expanding the circle of subjects of preventive activities.

However, today there is a practice in the country in which the prevention of youth drug abuse is considered either as a task of law enforcement agencies or as a therapeutic activity (remember that many specialists and young people call drug addiction a disease). This kind of work is ongoing. However, in our opinion, the main conceptual line new system Prevention should include the above-mentioned restoration of the destroyed mechanisms of socio-cultural protection of the individual, changing the individual’s attitudes, and forming a ban in people’s minds on the possibility of using drugs. It is necessary to form ideological, socio-psychological and cultural barriers to youth drug addiction. The existing prevention system cannot cope with these tasks.

Thus, social and preventive activities should include sociocultural content, which includes:

– restoration of lost national and cultural traditions;

– moral education and development of the individual, the formation of a system of external needs and life meanings;

– training young people in methods of psychological correction and psychological protection.

An analysis of sociological studies of Russian regions indicates the prevalence of the opposite approach in practice. As a result:

1) preventive work is currently focused on administrative and even forceful methods of solving problems. That is, there is a response to the fact of involving young people in the process of drug addiction, and prevention, first of all, should be focused on preventing this fact, that is, it should be timely;

2) in modern practice, forms of individual preventive activity prevail everywhere, despite the fact that young people are constantly exposed to the influence of the drug subculture in various groups and companies. The focus of preventive work on group social correction and group social support is practically absent. Group social work is practiced, as a rule, in special institutions. For example, the Center for Social and Psychological Assistance in Tula works with deviant youth in the following areas: organizing psychological education; psychological diagnostics and correction; individual consultations conducted by psychologists, psychotherapist-narcologist, lawyer; conducting various trainings; work with children and adolescents in specialized institutions. Today, professional social work with community groups is needed.

In the structure of social prevention of youth drug abuse, we believe that work with families occupies a special place. In our opinion, the effectiveness of this type of activity also directly depends on the interaction of the family with other actors in preventive activities. Research into the problem allows us to identify several of its main directions of such interaction. The first is to form an active attitude of parents towards the risk of drug addiction in the environment in which their child grows and communicates; increasing interest and awareness of the place where the child spends his leisure time and the environment of communication; about preventing psychological barriers in communicating with him. In our opinion, it is advisable for drug prevention authorities to have unique unified programs increasing parental competence. They should participate in the development of parent clubs, which are intended to teach parents the skills of effective interaction with their own children (lectures at parent meetings, seminars, classes at the parent university), as well as the formation of a parent support group for “problem families” from among the parent activists. Parental activity will help identify facts of emotional rejection of children and abuse of them, and prevent intra-family involvement of children in early drug addiction.

Carrying out preventive work is advisable not only with parents, but also with other older relatives. The necessity of this is confirmed, for example, by the fact that, according to 11.4% of respondents, the drug was first given to them to try not by their parents, but by other relatives.

The second area of ​​interaction between the family and other subjects of prevention is joint participation in preventing the involvement of children in early drug addiction, emotional rejection of children, and harsh treatment of them in the family. In this case, educational institutions, health care institutions, commissions for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, guardianship and trusteeship institutions, youth affairs structures, the media, social protection authorities, and the church should actively interact with the family.

The third area is providing assistance to the family in cases where the child begins to use psychoactive substances for non-medical purposes. In such a situation, the active intervention of all interested structures is required in order to provide medical, pedagogical, psychological, social, and legal assistance. Such “intervention” is expressed in the conduct of family counseling and the involvement of parental support groups, specialists from the commission on affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, social welfare services, internal affairs bodies, and other specialists.

The leading direction of interaction between other subjects of prevention and the family, in our opinion, should be the early identification of children and parents at risk (alcoholism, drug addiction) through systematic medical comprehensive preventive examinations of school students, preschool institutions, vocational schools, providing them with support in providing social, medical and psychological assistance. For these purposes, it is necessary to provide consultation on issues of “family reconciliation”, inform parents about the forms and methods of examinations, provide assistance in establishing contacts with specialists, with a parental support group, provide correctional assistance, individual family counseling for parents from “problematic” dysfunctional and conflict families to prevent early alcoholism, drug addiction, neglect and delinquency of minors and youth. Children at risk need to be involved in sports sections, technical and other circles, and clubs.

In the course of working with families, it is advisable to implement measures to implement programs and methods aimed at developing law-abiding behavior of minors, the need for healthy way life, an adequate response to provocations and negative manifestations of the environment, the formation of a clear personal attitude of a teenager in relation to drugs, which will lay the basis for self-regulation and self-control in children and adolescents, the formation of an anti-drug culture. The main work in this area of ​​prevention should be carried out by educational and health institutions, commissions for minors and the protection of their rights, youth affairs structures, the media, internal affairs bodies, cultural institutions, physical education, sports and tourism, and the church.

Based on the interaction of the family, health care and social protection authorities, it seems possible to test new programs for the rehabilitation of drug addicts with the completion of a psychotherapeutic and psychocorrectional course for drug addicts. At the same time, an analysis of the results of the implementation of medical programs and projects of private clinics, as well as the study of international experience, gives grounds to assert that the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and its local units take an erroneous position, opposing the creation of alternative (state) centers for rehabilitation and treatment of drug addicts. Meanwhile, it is precisely such centers that are able to combine the efforts of various social prevention actors in solving the problem of treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts.

An analysis of the existing drug addiction prevention system allows, in our opinion, to highlight the main areas of interdepartmental interaction in the prevention of drug addiction and narcotism.

Specific measures to unite the efforts of the state and society in solving the problem of social prevention of drug addiction should be aimed at eliminating the social roots of drug addiction and creating a common highly effective system for ridding the state as a whole of the threat of drug degeneration and social chaos.

We consider the tasks of improving and legal support activities to control drug trafficking, create an interdepartmental system for the rapid collection and analysis of information on their distribution, widespread introduction of objective methods for identifying drugs, improving medical and legal approaches to the early detection of their illegal users, as well as identifying population groups at increased risk of illegal drug use and differentiated implementation of preventive measures against them.

During production, it is necessary to ensure compliance with technological control requirements and carry out targeted measures to identify the clandestine production of narcotic drugs, including to prevent their entry into illicit circulation from medical institutions.