International economic law concept subject place. International economic law (IEP): concept, subject, system

Introduction……………………………………………………2

Chapter 1. Concept, subjects, sources and principles

international economic law…………………3

The concept of international economic law………..3

Subjects of international economic law………4

Objectives of international economic law……………7

Principles of international economic law……...7

Chapter 2. International economic organizations..10

Types of international economic organizations……..10

Universal economic organizations……………..10

Regional economic organizations……………….14

Conclusion……………………………………………………16

Literature…………………………………………………….17

INTRODUCTION

Understanding the essence and meaning international law is necessary today for a fairly wide range of people, since international law has an impact on almost all areas modern life. The application of international law is an important aspect of the activities of all those who are in one way or another connected with international relations. However, even those lawyers who are not directly involved in international relations periodically encounter normative acts of international law in the course of their work and must correctly navigate when making decisions on such cases. This also applies to investigators in the investigation of economic crimes of international corporations, firms engaged in foreign economic activity or operational units fighting terrorism and international crime, and to notaries certifying legal actions concerning foreign citizens located on the territory of Ukraine, etc. d.

The end of the second millennium of the modern era in human history coincides with the beginning of a new stage in the development of international law. Discussions about the benefits of international law or doubts about its necessity are replaced by universal recognition of this legal system as an objective reality that exists and develops independently of the subjective will of people.

The UN General Assembly adopted resolution 44/23 on the United Nations Decade of International Law in 1989. It notes the UN's contribution to promoting "wider acceptance and respect for the principles of international law" and encouraging "the progressive development of international law and its codification." It is recognized that at this stage there is a need to strengthen the rule of law in international relations, which requires promoting its teaching, learning, dissemination and wider recognition.

The topic proposed below - “international economic law” - is interesting because it allows you to clearly understand and trace the principles economic cooperation between peoples with different customs, traditions, religions, government systems, etc.

CHAPTER 1. CONCEPT, SUBJECTS, SOURCES AND PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW.

The concept of international economic law As a branch of international law international economic law is a set of rules governing relations between subjects of international law in connection with their activities in the field of international economic relations.

Subject international economic law are international economic relations between states and other subjects of international law. These include relations in the field of foreign trade, scientific and technical cooperation, industrial and technological cooperation, transport, shipping, exchange of services, finance, loans, tariffs and taxation, regulation of prices for raw materials and goods, protection of industrial property and copyright, tourism, provision various types economic assistance and assistance.

Specifics rules of international economic law is that they seem to penetrate into other branches of general international law: air law, space law, environmental law, integration law, international cooperation in the field of intellectual property, international tourism, etc.

Special principles, norms and institutions of international economic law are applied in the process of regulating various international relations economic nature, their actions apply to all legal relations of this kind.

Large international importance international economic relations does not require special evidence, since cooperation between states in order to increase economic development is one of the basic principles of international law.

Scope of regulatory material in the field of international economic relations is very extensive. It includes bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements on trade turnover and payments, on scientific, technical and economic cooperation, on international economic, credit and monetary and financial organizations. The law-making activities of these organizations lead to the adoption of decisions and norms that are legally binding for the participating countries.

Thus, both individual states and the entire international community are interested in identifying international economic law as independent industry. This is confirmed not only by the above facts, but also by the constant improvement of the legal regulation of international economic relations, the rule-making activities of international economic bodies and organizations.

Various areas of economic cooperation have their own specific subject content, giving rise to the need for special legal regulation, as a result of which such areas have been formed in the field of international economic law sub-sectors, How:

International Trade Law;

International financial law;

International investment law;

International customs law;

International transport law;

International technical law.

Each sub-sector represents a set of international legal norms regulating interstate cooperation in a specific area of ​​economic relations.

Today, international economic law is going through a period active development. Its regulatory role is especially great within the framework of integration associations of states developing in regional level(European Union, CIS, North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), Association of Nations Southeast Asia(ASEAN), etc.).

Subjects of international economic law Among the subjects of international economic law, the central place is occupied by state, for its sovereignty extends to the economic sphere. Implementation sovereign rights states in economic sphere is possible only with the active use of international economic relations in the interests of one’s national (national) economy within the framework of international economic law.

The state may enter into economic relations of an international nature with individuals and legal entities belonging to other states (create joint ventures, enter into concession agreements etc.). Such relations are private law and are regulated by national and international private law.

The growing importance and complexity of international economic relations make it necessary to strengthen their management through the joint efforts of states through international organizations, which leads to an increase in the number of international organizations and their role in the development of economic interstate cooperation. As a result, international organizations are important subjects of international economic law.

Sources of international economic rights The main source of international economic law are bilateral and multilateral treaties regulating various aspects of economic relations. They are as diverse as inter-economic relations.

International economic treaty represents an agreement between subjects of international law regarding the establishment, modification or termination of their mutual rights and obligations in the field of international economic relations. International economic agreements are concluded mainly on a bilateral basis.

Based on the objects of regulation, such agreements can be divided into several groups.

1. The most important form of economic cooperation is trade agreements, which contain international legal principles and conditions for trade and other economic relations between states. They install:

The legal regime that the parties provide to each other with regard to tax and customs taxation (for example, the exclusion of double taxation of legal entities trading in the states that have signed the agreement);

Regulation of the import and export of goods, merchant shipping, transport, transit;

Activities of legal and individuals one country on the territory of another country,

Other questions of economic relations between contracting states

2. Trade (contingent) agreements(trade agreements) regulate trade between individual countries. They are usually concluded for a short-term period (6-12 months), but recently long-term agreements, usually for five years, have become increasingly common. When concluding trade agreements, counterparties assume certain obligations. They are that the governments and relevant authorities of the parties must in every possible way facilitate mutual trade and ensure the issuance of permits for the export and import of goods within the agreed limits.

3. Payment agreements install general principles regulation of payments between contracting parties.

4. International commodity agreements are concluded for the purpose of stabilization international market commodities, through the regulated determination of export-import quotas and the establishment of maximum and minimum price limits for these goods (usually agricultural and mineral).

Exporting countries undertake not to offer exports of this product in excess of established quotas. In turn, importing countries undertake to purchase a certain amount of this product from exporting countries.

For example, there are commodity agreements on wheat, coffee, sugar, natural rubber, olive oil, tin, tropical timber, etc.

Since it is impossible to absolutely precisely regulate the volume and quantity of a particular product, commodity agreements provide for an international system controlled stocks. Inventories are divided into national (stored in exporting countries), “quasi-international” (stored in exporting countries, but distributed in accordance with international norms) and international, stored in warehouses of international organizations.

5. Agreements on economic, scientific and technical cooperation
poverty, on providing technical assistance represent

international legal acts, simultaneously regulating relations between states in different fields, for example, in industrial and scientific-technical fields.

Such agreements may have different names: agreements on cooperation in the field of economics and industry, agreements on economic, political and industrial cooperation, etc.

Agreements on scientific and technical cooperation include the joint development of scientific and technical problems, joint development technological processes with possible subsequent introduction into the national economy.

6. One of the new forms of international economic
dialects are long-term economic development programs
civil, industrial and scientific-technical cooperation.

Industrial cooperation agreements are based on a long-term basis and represent the economic relationships and activities of the organizations of the contracting parties. In addition to purchase and sale transactions, they cover a number of additional or mutually beneficial transactions - in production, development and technology transfer, and marketing. Industrial cooperation is diverse and may include:

License Agreements with payment for products produced under license;

Co-production and specialization:

Subcontracting and leasing agreements;

Agreements on the establishment of joint ventures and companies;

Compensation transactions providing for the creation of industrial enterprises on the basis of joint lending and subsequent payments for loans with finished products.

The movement of capital across state borders is regulated by agreements on credits, borrowings and payments.

7. Loan agreements- these are international treaties
to which one state (creditor) provides another
to the state (debtor) a certain amount of money or goods, and
others give an obligation to repay the amount within a certain period of time
debt on the terms specified in the contract.

Agreements for the supply of goods on credit have their own characteristics:

The loan is provided for a certain amount;

The delivery of goods by one party (the lender) precedes the delivery of goods by the other party (the borrower);

For using the loan, the borrower government pays the creditor government a certain percentage of
loan amount.

8. Agreements on international payments- international agreements on the procedure for making payments for goods, provision of services and other trade and non-trade transactions.

The following types of agreements are found in international practice:

- “payment”, in which states agree that settlements between them should be carried out in freely or limitedly convertible currency;

- “clearing”, providing for the mutual offset of debts and claims on foreign trade and other transactions without currency transfer;

- “payment and clearing” ( mixed type), for which the creditor has the right to demand from the other party payment of the clearing debt in gold or freely convertible currency in part exceeding the limit established by the agreement.

In addition to the listed types of international economic agreements, in the practice of international economic interaction, other special varieties are known that regulate economic relations, for example, in the field of transport, tourism, intellectual property protection, on international regulation of production, on gratuitous economic assistance, communications, agriculture, etc. .

Among the sources of international economic law, the role of multilateral economic treaties. Among such agreements, the following should be mentioned first:

■ General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947;

■ agreements on the creation of economic organizations (for example, the Bretton Woods agreements on the creation of the IMF and the World Bank);

■ international commodity agreements aimed at unifying the rules governing private law relations in the economic sphere (for example, the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 1980).

However, at present there is no universal treaty creating a common legal basis for economic cooperation. General provisions and principles of economic cooperation

ties are formulated only in decisions and resolutions of international organizations, including:

1) Principles Guiding International Trade Relations and Trade Policies Conducive to General Development, adopted by the First UNCTAD Conference in 1964.

2) Declaration on the Establishment of a New Economic Order, adopted by resolution General Assembly UN May 1, 1974;

3) Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, adopted by UN General Assembly resolution on December 12, 1974;

4) UNGA Resolution “On International Economic Security” 1985

As resolutions of international organizations, they do not have binding legal force and are not sources of international law, but they determine its content. Their legal binding follows from international practice that took place before the adoption of these acts. Consequently, the fundamental rules of international economic law exist in form of international legal custom.

A feature of international economic law and its sources is the significant role of the so-called "international soft law" those. such norms that use expressions such as “take action”, “promote”, “seek to implement”, etc. They do not contain clear rights and obligations of states, but are nevertheless legally binding.

International economic law (IEL) is a branch of international law, the principles and norms of which regulate economic relations between its subjects.

This understanding of MEP1 is dominant in doctrine and especially in practice. But there are other concepts. Of these, the most common, perhaps, is the one according to which all types of legal norms related to international economic relations are included in the MEP.

American professor S. Zamora believes that the MEP covers a wide range of laws and customary practices that regulate relations between actors in different states. It includes: private law, local law, national law and international law.

From this it is clear that we're talking about not about a branch of international law, but about a certain conglomerate of norms of various legal natures. Such a concept can be used to determine the content of a reference book or textbook on MEP. It is convenient for a practicing lawyer to have at hand all types of rules related to international economic relations. But at the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between different types of norms, since they have different mechanisms of action, different sphere etc. Otherwise, mistakes are inevitable. The noted concepts also reflect an objective circumstance - the particularly close interaction of the MEP with the internal law of states.

This moment in the early 20s. XX century brought to life the concept of international economic law. In domestic literature, it was developed by the outstanding lawyer Professor V.M. Koretsky. Referring to the fact that world economic relations are regulated not only by international, but also by domestic law, he combined them into unified system international economic law.

MEP deserves special attention due to the enormous importance of its functions and the special complexity of the object of regulation. It is also impossible not to take into account that this industry is going through a period of active development. Some experts even talk about a “revolution of international economic law” (Professor J. Trachtman, USA).

The above determines the fact that the MEP occupies a special position in common system international law. Experts write that the MEP is of paramount importance for the formation of institutions that govern the international community and for international law in general. Some even believe that “ninety percent of international law in one form or another is essentially international economic law” (Professor J. Jackson, USA). This assessment may be exaggerated. Nevertheless, almost all branches of international law are indeed related to the IEP. We saw this when considering human rights. All bigger place economic problems occupy the activities of international organizations, diplomatic missions, contract law, maritime and air law, etc.

The role of MEP has attracted the attention of a growing number of scientists. The computer at the UN Library in Geneva produced a list of relevant literature published in the last five years in various countries, which formed a substantial brochure. All this encourages us to pay additional attention to MEP, despite the limited volume of the textbook. This is also justified by the fact that both scientists and legal practitioners emphasize that ignorance of the MEP is fraught with negative consequences for the activities of lawyers serving not only business, but also other international relations.

The MEP facility is exceptionally complex. It covers diverse types of relations with significant specifics, namely: trade, financial, investment, transport, etc. Accordingly, the MEP is an extremely large and multifaceted industry, covering such sub-sectors as international trade, financial, investment, and transport law.

The globalization of the economy has led to the growth of its role both in world politics and in the life of any state. Globalization is an objective pattern and has great value for economic development, although at the same time it gives rise to many complex problems. The problem of controllability of the world economy comes to the fore. Poor governance has serious negative consequences for all countries. The financial and economic crisis of 1998 did not spare any state, and some of them lost the fruits obtained by the labor of an entire generation. Developing countries and countries with economies in transition are in a particularly difficult situation.

The same applies to Russia. Dissection of state borders of a single economic complex former USSR posed the problem of establishing connections with his former units based on international law. Unfortunately, the new ones lack the necessary experience independent states leads to the fact that their markets are being developed by capital from “far abroad”.

We especially note that significant difficulties in the development of both the national economy and foreign relations are created by constant shortages and inconsistencies legal basis regulation of economic relations. Quite a few economic agreements between the CIS countries are not yet effective.

The vital interests of Russia, including security interests, depend on the solution of these problems. Indicative in this regard is the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 29, 1996 No. 608 “State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation”1. The strategy is reasonably based on the need to “effectively realize the advantage international division labor, sustainable development of the country in conditions of its equal integration into world economic relations.” The task has been set to actively influence processes occurring in the world that affect Russia’s national interests. It is stated that “without ensuring economic security, it is practically impossible to solve any of the problems facing the country, both domestically and internationally.” The importance of law in solving assigned problems is emphasized.

The current state of the world economy creates a serious danger for the world political system. There is, on the one hand, an unprecedented increase in living standards, scientific and technological progress in a number of countries, and on the other hand, poverty, hunger, and illness for the majority of humanity. This state of the world economy poses a threat to political stability.

The globalization of the economy has led to the fact that its management is only possible through the joint efforts of states. Attempts to solve problems taking into account the interests of only some states give negative results.

Joint efforts of states must be based on law. The MEP performs important functions of maintaining a generally acceptable mode of functioning of the world economy, protecting long-term common interests, counteracting attempts by individual states to achieve temporary advantages at the expense of others; serves as a tool for mitigating contradictions between the political goals of individual states and the interests of the world economy.

The MEP promotes predictability in the activities of numerous participants in international economic relations and thereby contributes to the development of these relations and the progress of the world economy. Such concepts as the new economic order and the law of sustainable development have acquired significant significance for the development of the MEP.

So, international economic law, as follows from the above, it is only part of the international economic system; moreover, only part of its regulatory component. Along with international economic law, the norms of national law of states and various types of non-legal norms participate in the normative regulation of international economic relations. In the era of globalization, it is important to see and understand the connection between international economic law and other normative complexes.

International economic law is a system international legal norms and principles governing international economic relations (in trade, financial, investment and some other areas). This means that international economic law does not regulate the entire range of these relations, but only that part of them that is carried out with the participation of states and international organizations, i.e. between public figures. International economic law is a branch of international law consisting of sub-sectors and institutions.

What is included in the subject of international economic law? What issues are regulated through international economic law? Let us highlight the following groups of relations, which mainly constitute the subject of international economic law:

1) the first group is bilateral and multilateral relations between public persons regarding resources (things). Term resource has, rather, an economic sound. Any resource is goodness, value, carries some benefit, cost. You can replace the term resource for more legal term – thing. States, for example, transfer, sell, give to each other things; the parties have rights and obligations regarding this things. Things(or resources) enter international public circulation and are transferred from one economy to another through public channels. Often states regulate the global market for one product or service when a resource moves from producing states to consuming states.

In practice, it looks like this: one state transfers a bill of exchange to another in settlement of a debt, and the parties determine everything connected with the bill; a state supplies a military helicopter abroad as a gift to another state, and the parties agree on all aspects relating to the helicopter; one state provides another state or international organization with financial resources as part of participation in a joint project, and the parties agree on the legal regime of these financial resources; the state requests from an international organization a consulting service concerning certain aspects of the national economy, and the parties determine the content of this service; a group of states, through a multilateral treaty, agrees on the rules for governing the global market for coffee or sugar;

2) the second group of relations that are the subject of international economic law are relations between public persons regarding internal law, internal legal regimes states The internal legal regimes of interacting states in the economic sphere should be comfortable for individuals and mutually adequate. Things And faces, originating from a partner state should feel they have an adequate legal regime in the host country – at least a non-discriminatory one. To do this, it is necessary to make changes to the current legislation, repeal or adopt new laws, make adjustments to the interpretation of legal acts and law enforcement practice.

In real international life, it looks like this: states enter into an agreement, according to which they undertake to remove from national legislation all barriers to each other’s investments or unify taxation relating to such investments; states agree that they will strengthen the protection of intellectual property and make the necessary changes to domestic law for this; states undertake the obligation not to unilaterally increase customs tariff rates and not to revise customs codes in the direction of worsening the conditions of customs taxation of goods in mutual trade; states provide each other with most favored nation treatment in trade with certain exceptions from such treatment, etc.

This group of legal relations is growing rapidly. This means that domestic law and international law are increasingly intertwined. In such an inextricable connection between two legal systems and the process of formation of a global legal system is manifested;

3) the third group of relations that are the subject of international economic law are relations between public persons regarding international economic legal order and the principles on which it is based. Here's the speech is about the international legal regime for the entire world economy - at its macro level or in its individual sectors.

“Living” examples of this kind of legal relations can be the concepts and legal positions of many states and groups of states, voiced in international organizations and formalized by international acts, regarding the restructuring of international economic relations on a more equitable basis. During the global financial and economic crisis of 2008–2010. On behalf of the world community of states, ideas for reforming the international financial architecture were formulated.

It turns out that international economic law acts as a kind of “international resource law,” on the one hand, and “international framework law,” on the other. As "international resource law", international economic law regulates at the international public level the cross-border circulation of things, goods - resources that have material value, cost, benefit. As “international framework law,” international economic law sets the framework for internal legal regimes in the economic sphere for the normal interaction of individuals in different countries. At the same time, international economic law sets the framework for the global economic legal order.

There are, however, other points of view on the subject of international economic law. In some textbooks, the subject is reduced essentially to international trade, and financial and investment relations are either not noticed or are considered only as secondary, secondary, subordinate. It is unlikely that such “trade-centrism” in modern conditions corresponds to reality.

Often seen under the object commercial relations in a broad sense - including industrial, monetary and financial and other areas of relations. The presence of a commercial element (profit making) becomes a criterion for classifying the relevant relations as the subject of international economic law. However, this criterion (commercial nature) cannot be applied to interstate relationships. Yes, at the private law level, economic relations of an international nature are, as a rule, commercial in nature; in relations between states, the determining factor is not profit and commerce, but benefit and interest, which are measured by state apparatuses taking into account a large set of circumstances and considerations. Interstate relations are relations of an intergovernmental, not a commercial nature.

There is also a point of view that the subject of international economic law is “international property relations", relations for the protection of property rights. One can agree with this term if we mean by international property law the international legal institution of state and interstate property. It is known that Russia, for example, has in foreign countries a large number of real estate objects - land plots and buildings, formalized by international legal acts and acts of domestic law.

However, here too a number of caveats are required. Property relations of an international nature at the private law level are not the subject of international economic law and come into the legal field of view of states only indirectly - when states agree on the development or adjustment of domestic law, internal legal regimes (as, for example, this happens with the protection of intellectual property rights) .

Sometimes “international property law” includes other legal complexes, for example “international investment law”. However, international investment law consists of many different rules, and only some of them regulate property relations to one degree or another. It would be more correct to say that international property law, as a complex institution, is partly part of international investment law, and not vice versa.

When talking about the subject of international economic law, the question also arises about relations regarding production material and intangible benefits (things/resources) – about production relationships. According to some views, industrial relations are included in the subject of international economic law; according to other views, they are not. On the one hand, what and how to produce is the prerogative of producers and the jurisdiction of domestic law. On the other hand, more and more international treaties are appearing in which states discuss the details of the joint production of a particular product (service) and the creation of production enterprises on the basis of common property.

This means that public figures are invading the sphere of production; industrial relations are being internationalized, indicating a gradual expansion of the subject matter of international economic law (and changes in the functions of states). This is also evidenced, in particular, by the increasing influence of states on pricing in international economic relations.

As methods legal regulation in international economic law are used, in particular, prohibitions, obligation And permissions; dispositive And imperative regulation; methods unilateral action, bilateral, multilateral, universal regulation.

In terms of goals and interests, states prefer either coordination, or subordinate regulation methods. Certain branches and sub-sectors of international economic law may have their own - special methods regulation.

At the same time, methods legal regulation are often used in combination with various methods illegal regulation.

International economic law (IEL) is a branch of modern international law that regulates relations between states and other subjects of international law in the field of trade, economic, financial, investment, customs and other types of cooperation.

International economic law consists of sub-branches: international trade law; international financial law, international investment law, international banking law, international customs law and some others.

Among the principles of the MEP, it is necessary to highlight: the principle of non-discrimination; the principle of most favored nation in foreign trade in goods; the principle of the right of access to the sea for states without access to it; the principle of sovereignty over one's natural resources; the principle of the right to determine one’s economic development; principle of economic cooperation, etc.

Among sources MEPs are distinguished:

- universal contracts - 1988 International Financial Factoring Convention, 1982 International Sales of Goods Convention, 1982 International Sales of Goods Convention, international transport etc.;

- regional agreements - Agreement on European Union, 1992 Agreement on the approximation of economic legislation of the CIS member states, etc.;

- acts of international organizations - Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States 1974, Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order 1974, etc.;

- bilateral agreements - investment agreements, trade agreements, credit and customs agreements between states.

56.International environmental law: concept, sources, principles.

International environmental law is a set of principles and norms of international law that make up a specific branch of this system of law and regulate the actions of its subjects (primarily states) to prevent, limit and eliminate environmental damage from various sources, as well as for rational, environmentally sound use natural resources. Special principles of international environmental law. Protection of the environment for the benefit of present and future generations is a general principle in relation to the entire set of special principles and norms of international environmental law. Environmentally sound management of natural resources: sustainable planning and management of the Earth's renewable and non-renewable resources for the benefit of present and future generations; long-term planning environmental activities with an environmental perspective; assessment of the possible consequences of the activities of states within their territory, areas of jurisdiction or control for environmental systems beyond these boundaries, etc. The principle of inadmissibility radioactive contamination of the environment covers both military and peaceful areas of nuclear energy use. The principle of environmental protection systems of the World Ocean obliges states to: take all necessary measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution marine environment from all possible sources; not to transfer, directly or indirectly, damage or danger of pollution from one area to another and not to transform one type of pollution into another, etc. The principle of military prohibition or any other hostile use of means of influencing natural environment expresses in concentrated form the obligation of States to take all necessary measures to effectively prohibit such use of environmental means that have widespread, long-term or serious consequences as a means of destruction, damage or injury to any State. The principle of control over compliance with international treaties on environmental protection provides for the creation, in addition to the national one, of an extensive system international control and environmental quality monitoring. The principle is international-legal liability of states for environmental damage provides for liability for significant damage to environmental systems beyond national jurisdiction or control. In accordance with Art. 38 of the Statute International Court of Justice UN sources of international environmental law are:

- international conventions, both general and special, both multilateral and bilateral, laying down rules expressly recognized by the disputing States; - international custom as evidence of a general practice recognized as a rule of law; - general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; auxiliary law, i.e. court decisions and the work of the most famous and qualified lawyers various countries;– decisions that are advisory in nature and do not have binding legal force international conferences and organizations (“soft law”). Contract law (international treaties) in the field of environmental protection and natural resource management regulates a wide variety of areas, is highly developed, contains clearly expressed and clearly formulated rules of environmentally significant behavior, definitely recognized by the states parties to the treaty. The sources of international environmental law are divided:– on general(UN Charter), general conventions regulating, along with other issues, environmental protection (UN Convention on maritime law 1982);– special, dedicated directly to the establishment of binding rules for the protection of climate, flora, fauna, ozone layer, atmospheric air etc.

International economic law began to develop dynamically only in the second half of the 20th century. due to the understanding that the liberal approach to the regulation of international economic relations, which provided for complete freedom and deregulation of the actions of economic entities, is not so effective and does not take into account the interests of the world community as a whole and, in connection with this, there is a need to create international institutional mechanisms and legal norms for coordinating international economic cooperation between states.

International economic law is a branch of public international law that regulates economic relations between states and other subjects of public international law.

The subject of international economic law is interstate economic, in a broad sense, commercial relations, as well as international economic cooperation of states, international organizations and other subjects of international public law in various spheres of the world economic activity: international trade, international monetary, financial and credit relations, international investment relations, international customs relations, relations of international economic assistance, in the field of transport, communications, energy, intellectual and other property, tourism, etc.

A feature of international economic law as an independent branch of international law is its complex nature, which is determined by the close interdependence in this area of ​​public law and private law regulatory mechanisms.

It is important that one of the first in 1928 to propose the concept of international economic law as a special regulator of international economic relations, on the basis of modern international economic law, was the outstanding Ukrainian international lawyer V. M. Koretsky, who at one time was the vice-president of the International Court UN in The Hague.

International economic law is based on the norms and principles of public international law; it also has its own system and constituent elements, industries and institutions. Depending on the scope of legal regulation, the following branches of international economic law are distinguished:

International trade law, within the framework of which the legal regulation of trade is carried out not only in goods, but also in services, intellectual property rights, etc.;

International financial law, which regulates the transnational movement of capital through settlement, currency, and credit relations;

International investment law, which is closely related to international financial law and regulates relations in the field of foreign investment;

International labor law, which regulates public legal relations in the field of movement of international labor resources;

International transport law, which regulates relations in the field of international economic cooperation on the use of different types transport.

Separately, we can also mention branches of international economic law that regulate relations in the field of regional economic integration(in particular European), industrial, agricultural and scientific and technical cooperation.

The modern system of international economic law, like other branches of law, includes General and Special parts. The sub-sectors mentioned above constitute a Special Part of International Economic Law.

in turn, the General part of international economic law consists of international legal institutions that determine the subject, sources and special (sectoral) principles of international economic law, the legal status of states, international organizations and other subjects of international economic law, features of responsibility and the application of sanctions in international economic law , as well as other general principles for the formation of a modern international economic legal order.