Internal structure of social protection bodies. Social protection bodies in the Russian Federation

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Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of the system social protection population

1.1 Concept, principles and essence of the social protection system

1.2 Organizational and legal forms, directions and functions of social protection of the population

Chapter 2. State policy in the field of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation

2.1 State policy for organizing social protection of the population of the Russian Federation

2.2 State bodies for social protection of the population and sources of its financing

Chapter 3. Social protection of the population in the Chechen Republic

3.1 Systems of social protection and social services for citizens in the Czech Republic

3.2 Quality standards for the provision of services in the field of social protection provided to the population of the Czech Republic

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Relevance of the topic of work It follows from the fact that the political and socio-economic processes of the 90s were accompanied not only by an increase in the scale of negative social phenomena, but also by the emergence of phenomena - mass poverty and obvious unemployment. All this means a sharp increase in the population in need of social support. As a result of these processes, the importance of state activities in the field of social protection of the population has sharply increased. In response to this “challenge,” social legislation began to be intensively improved.

One of the main tasks of the state is activities for social protection of the population. The current socio-economic, moral, psychological and spiritual situation in Russia is extremely contradictory and multifaceted. The number of people with incomes below the subsistence level is practically not decreasing, the differentiation of the population by income is increasing, tension in the labor market is increasing, arrears in payment of wages, pensions and social benefits are growing, and tendencies of disadvantage, including social deviations, are becoming acutely evident. The current situation requires taking adequate measures, primarily in the field of developing a system of social protection of the population and ensuring social security, which can only be achieved through the implementation of a competent and effective social policy of the state.

In Russia, laws and other regulations have been adopted, both at the federal and at regional level, providing for an increase in the number of categories of the population recognized as socially vulnerable, an expansion of the list of social payments, benefits, compensation, and services provided to them.

A system of bodies, institutions and enterprises emerged and began to expand; expenditures for these purposes came from budgets of all levels, extra-budgetary social funds, designed to ensure the provision of social benefits to the population in cash, as well as the provision of various types of social services in kind.

Social protection and decent employment are essential components of a market economy to ensure income security for all. Social protection also has an important positive impact on society as a whole by promoting social cohesion and providing a general sense of security among members of society.

Social protection of the population is one of the most important components of the state’s social policy and social labor relations. Its subject field covers the basic living conditions of people: material support for the population and the organization of social and medical care disabled members of society.

Today, social protection of the population should play not only the role of social compensation for the poor, but also serve as a certain counterbalance to the rapidly growing property inequality. An important problem is protecting the entire population from progressive impoverishment.

In the current economic and socio-political conditions, the role and importance of the social protection system has increased significantly. Often, social service bodies and institutions are the only structures that a person can turn to to hope for support and assistance in solving his life problems.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation (RF) is proclaimed a social state. Its most characteristic features are reflected in the ongoing social policy, which, according to Art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of people.

Social policy is carried out on different levels management: micro level, macro level, integration level, global level.

Currently, in the Russian Federation there are four main areas of social protection of the population: 1) social protection of children, childhood and adolescence; 2) social protection of the working population; 3) social protection of disabled citizens; 4) social protection of the family.

State bodies providing social protection of the population: Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation; executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; district (city) social protection authorities.

In the Chechen Republic there is an extensive structure of social service institutions, adapted to the conditions of market relations, consisting of stationary and non-stationary social protection institutions, institutions providing rehabilitation services.

The guideline for the development of the social service system of the Chechen Republic is to improve the quality of life of the population. This indicator is an integral characteristic of a person’s physical, psychological, emotional and social functioning and generally determines the effectiveness of actions in this direction.

Degree of scientific development. In an effort to take part in improving the system for protecting the rights of citizens in the context of radical changes in the social sphere, specialists in the field of philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, psychology and other sciences focused on current problems of social protection. Researchers such as V.G. Bocharova, S.I. Grigoriev, L.G. Guslyakova, N.S. Danakin, V.I. Zhukov, I.G. Zainyshev, I.A. Zimnyaya, V.A. Nikitin , P.D. Pavlenok, A.M. Panov, A.S. Sorvina, M.V. Firsov, E.I. Kholostova, E.R. Yarskaya-Smirnova and others tried to comprehend the essence of social protection.

Object of study of this work - the system of social protection of the population.

Subject of research- the role of the state, its social policy in the system of social protection of the population.

Purpose of the thesis- study of social protection of the population and analysis of state social policy in its field.

In the process of achieving the goal, the following are resolved: tasks:

· identify the concept, principles and essence of the social protection system;

· consider the organizational and legal forms, directions and functions of social protection of the population;

· study the state policy of organizing social protection of the population of the Russian Federation;

· consider government agencies for social protection of the population and sources of its financing;

· explore the system of social protection and social services for citizens of the Chechen Republic;

· determine quality standards for the provision of services in the field of social protection provided to the population of the Chechen Republic.

Structure and scope of qualification research. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, which include two paragraphs, a conclusion and a list of references. The total volume of work is 74 pages.

Chapter1 . Theoretical foundations of the social protection system

1.1 Concept, principles and essence of the social protection system

Social policy is carried out at different levels of management:

· the social policy of individual economic entities (firms, enterprises, organizations) is carried out at the micro level;

· at the macro level, national and regional social policy is implemented;

· the integration level involves the implementation of coordinated social policies of two or more countries;

· global level - social policy is aimed at solving global social problems. The implementation of social policy requires the allocation of appropriate economic resources, creation of social infrastructure.

Social protection of the population of any state is part of the general policy of the state, which concerns relations between social groups, between society as a whole and its members, associated with changes in social structure, increasing the well-being of citizens, aimed at ensuring social, economic, political and other rights and guarantees of a person, regardless of his gender, nationality, age, place of residence and other circumstances.

There are basically two models of social protection in the world:

social democratic orientation with high role states in the socialization of income and the essential importance of national social governance mechanisms;

· neoliberal - with a lesser degree of government intervention in socio-economic processes.

Depending on the approaches chosen, the following social protection systems are distinguished:

· state, based on the principle of social care of the state for socially vulnerable members of society and social charity(it provides for a differentiated approach to identifying low-income groups of the population according to the degree of need and preferential provision of social assistance to them);

· private, based on the principle of responsibility of each member of society for his own fate and the fate of his family using income earned by his own labor and entrepreneurial activities, income from property, as well as personal savings (this system is focused on distribution by labor and includes private social insurance).

As for the social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, at the present stage it is the most important and priority area of social policy Russian state, being a system of principles, methods, legally established by the state of social guarantees, activities and institutions that ensure the provision of optimal living conditions, satisfaction of needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, means of the state and society aimed against risk situations in normal life citizens. Panteleeva T.S., Chervyakova G.A. Economic foundations of social work: Tutorial for university students - M.: Humanitarian Publishing Center "VLADOS", 2005. Social protection of the population represents a set of measures to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformation. Dictionary-reference book for social work / Ed. E.I. Single. - M.: Lawyer, 2000.

Characteristic of the current stage is the rapid development of methodology and techniques for social protection of the population, which is of the utmost practical and theoretical importance. It should be noted that the methodology of social protection is understood as a system of principles and methods of organizing and constructing theoretical and practical activities aimed against situations of risk in the normal life of citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, death of the breadwinner and others, and by methodology - a set of techniques, research methods and operations for the practical and theoretical development of social protection of the population as a system. Dictionary-reference book for social work / Ed. E.I. Single. - M.: Lawyer, 2000.

The legal basis for social protection of certain categories of the population consists of the following laws of the Russian Federation - “On forced migrants”, “On employment of the population in the Russian Federation”, “On social protection of disabled people”, “On social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities”, “On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation”, “On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation”, etc.

Social protection of citizens is provided at the expense of the federal, regional and local budgets, specially created funds for social support of the population, and non-state funds.

The basic principles of social protection of the population are formulated in the conventions International organization Labor (ILO), which aim each state to provide social guarantees to the entire population under various circumstances that threaten health or material well-being. At the same time, the ILO conventions specify the main types of social protection, regulate their minimum level and the categories of the population to which they should apply. National social protection systems are formed on the basis of ILO conventions, taking into account the specifics of the economic, social and cultural development of a particular country.

The current social protection system in Russia is based on the principles:

· incentives - power structures for the purpose of socio-political resonance for certain socially significant events that have received public assessment, or to support important government actions, decisions are made aimed at social support for individual social groups, layers of the population, and in some cases - individuals;

· application - social assistance is provided to a citizen in need upon a written request from the applicant or a person representing his interests;

· paternalism, denoting state guardianship (“fatherly care”) in relation to less socially and economically protected layers and groups of the population, as well as humanity, social justice, targeting, complexity, ensuring individual rights and freedoms.

The objects of social protection are social institutions represented by specific social organizations, institutions, systems (education, healthcare, social protection, employment, labor, culture, sports and recreation complex).

The central subject of social protection is the state. A person in need of social protection is both a subject and an object of social protection.

The criteria for identifying priority objects of social protection are the size of the average monthly income per family member (in comparison with the subsistence level budget), the presence of a source of livelihood (unemployed, disabled - fully or partially), environmental and social ill-being (victims of social and interethnic conflicts, refugees and displaced persons, victims and residents of environmentally unfavorable areas), the need for assistance (pregnant women, war veterans and blockade survivors, persons after punishment in correctional labor institutions). For each category of socially vulnerable segments of the population, its own social protection program is being developed.

The specificity of social protection of the population is expressed in the fact that this is a form of distribution of material benefits not in exchange for the efforts expended in the process labor activity, and in order to meet the physical, social and other needs of the elderly, the sick, the unemployed, people with minimal income, in a word, those who are not able to independently provide a decent life for themselves and their family, as well as all members of society in order to protect health and normal reproduction of a working family.

Based on this specificity, the following features of social protection of the population are distinguished:

· objective grounds that necessitate the use of appropriate mechanisms aimed at maintaining or ensuring a certain standard of living;

· any means of providing livelihood;

· consolidation of the rules for the provision of social protection in social, including legal norms.

The essence of social protection of the population is most clearly manifested in its functions: economic, political, demographic and social rehabilitation.

The economic function is to replace earnings (income or support) lost due to age, disability or loss of a breadwinner; partial reimbursement of additional expenses upon the occurrence of certain life circumstances; providing minimal cash or in-kind assistance to low-income citizens.

The political function helps maintain social stability in a society in which there are significant differences in the standard of living of different segments of the population.

The demographic function is designed to stimulate population reproduction, which is necessary for the normal development of the country.

The social rehabilitation function is aimed at restoring the social status of disabled citizens and other socially weak groups of the population, allowing them to feel like full members of society.

Social protection of the population is a system that includes several subsystems. It should be noted that the components of social protection of the population cannot always be clearly distinguished. In addition, there are differences in their understanding in certain countries.

“Social security is a system of providing and serving elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children.” Yuryeva T.V. Social economics. - Publishing house "Drofa", 2003

System social security usually includes:

· pensions;

· benefits for workers (temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, etc.);

· benefits for families with children;

· unemployment benefits, etc.

“A pension is a regular cash payment provided to citizens upon reaching a certain age, upon the onset of disability, in the event of the loss of a breadwinner, as well as for length of service and special services to the state. There are labor and social pensions.

Labor pensions include pensions for old age, disability, in case of loss of a breadwinner, as well as for long service.” Yuryeva T.V. Social economics. - Publishing house "Drofa", 2003

The right to an old-age pension in Russia is available to men who have reached 60 years of age and with at least 25 years of work experience, and women who have reached 55 years of age with at least 20 years of work experience. Some categories of citizens are granted pensions on preferential terms. This applies to citizens working in heavy, hazardous industries, as well as mothers of many children, parents of people who have been disabled since childhood.

A disability pension is established in connection with long-term or permanent actual loss of ability to work (disability). The conditions and norms of pension provision depend on the nature of the labor relationship, the causes of disability, etc. In case of disability due to a work injury or occupational disease, a pension is assigned regardless of the length of work experience. If disability is a consequence of a general illness, then a certain total length of service is taken into account when calculating the pension.

A survivor's pension is assigned to disabled family members of the deceased who were previously dependent on him (children, brothers, sisters, etc.).

A pension for long service is established for those categories of citizens who are employed in jobs leading to loss of ability to work or fitness before reaching the age that gives the right to an old-age pension (aviation workers, miners, geologists, sailors, etc.).

The social pension is assigned to non-working citizens in the absence of the right to a labor pension.

Social security also includes the payment of benefits to working citizens. These include: benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth. Special attention in a social market economy is given to families with children. The state pays them benefits that help ensure normal living conditions for the younger generation.

Social services for the elderly and disabled are an important part of social security.

Social services for the elderly and disabled in a market economy are entrusted to both state social service centers and the non-state sector. The non-state social service sector includes public associations, including professional associations, charities and religious organizations, whose activities are related to social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities.

Payment of unemployment benefits is another area of social security activity. Unemployment benefit amount in different countries is calculated differently. In Russia, the amount of unemployment benefits is set as a percentage of average earnings calculated over the last 3 months at the last place of work, if the employee had paid work for at least 26 calendar weeks during the 12 months preceding the start of unemployment.

If an unemployed person has dependents, then he is paid an additional 10% of the one-time benefit for each dependent.

In the Russian Federation, the duration of the unemployment benefit payment period cannot exceed 12 calendar months in total for 18 calendar months. If the unemployed person does not obtain suitable paid work during this period, he has the right to re-receive unemployment benefits in the amount of the minimum wage.

Unemployment benefits are paid at least twice a month, subject to the unemployed re-registration within the time frame established by the employment service. Longer terms for payment of unemployment benefits may be established by regional and local government bodies, subject to their payment from the relevant budgets.

Payment of unemployment benefits may be suspended for up to three months in cases of employment of an unemployed person for temporary or part-time work without notifying the employment center, or violation of registration rules by the unemployed.

Social guarantees are the implementation by the state of the constitutional rights of citizens to improve the most important social goods and services. Social guarantees provided by the state to the population in the Russian Federation include:

· the right of citizens to choose a place of work and professional activity;

· minimum wage;

· minimum pension;

· one-time benefit at the birth of each child;

· monthly allowance for children of single mothers, military personnel undergoing military service upon conscription, for children whose parents evade paying child support, etc.;

· ritual aid;

· minimum unemployment benefit;

· minimum scholarship amount;

· right to housing;

· the right to health protection and medical care;

· right to education.

Social assistance is caring for citizens who need support, assistance due to age, health status, social status, insufficient means-tested personal income. In Russia, social assistance is provided to pensioners, disabled people, refugees and internally displaced persons, citizens exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear power plant disasters and other accidents, etc. Social assistance is provided in the form of cash and (or) in-kind payments (free lunches, housing, clothing, services).

Social insurance is a system of material support in the event of temporary disability, old age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, as well as recreational activities (sanatoriums, rest homes, medical nutrition, pioneer camps, etc.). Social insurance considers social types of risk: loss of ability to work due to illness, old age, accident, loss of work, etc. This risk is massive, social, i.e. social character, since it is largely determined by social conditions and does not depend (depends little) on each individual person.

Unlike other types of social protection of the population, social risk is taken into account in advance. Possible financial costs associated with this risk are also distributed in advance among all participants in the organization. Insurance for each type of social risk can be voluntary or mandatory.

From the point of view of the circle of influence and scope of distribution, social insurance is divided into state, regional, municipal (local), professional (on a professional-industry basis), and international. State (universal) insurance covers significant masses of the population in the country. Municipal insurance only applies to certain part countries. Professional insurance is organized for certain categories of workers (pilots, miners). International insurance is valid for the population of several countries.

Social insurance includes not only cash payments and compensation, but also certain treatment, rehabilitation and prevention services. As the economy socializes, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention services are constantly growing and determine the effectiveness of social insurance as a whole.

Social insurance is financed by employers and employees with possible government participation. Payments are made from special funds formed on the basis of contributions (pension funds, health insurance funds, etc.).

IN modern Russia the social insurance system as a whole has lost the main features of insurance relations and has actually become part of tax system states. Insurance premiums in most cases, they are charged without taking into account the assessment of social risks.

Summarizing what has been said, it should be emphasized that most types of social protection are provided free of charge at the expense of centralized extra-budgetary social authorities or part of budget funds. At the same time, in conditions of limited financial and material resources, all types of social protection within the framework of social assistance and social support must be of a nature and provided based on need.

1.2 Organizational and legal forms, directions and functions of social protection of the population

In modern conditions, social protection is becoming the most important function society, all its government bodies and social institutions. Private forms of social protection are also appearing - pensions, health insurance, social services. This indicates that in our country a multi-structured organizational structure of the social protection system is emerging, which uses almost all organizational and legal forms that exist in countries with market economy, although they do not function fully due to the unresolved number of theoretical and organizational problems.

The leading organizational and legal forms of social security at present are pension provision, provision of social benefits, benefits for especially needy categories of the population, state social insurance, social services.

Pension provision is a state regular cash payment (per month), a pension that is paid in accordance with the established procedure to certain categories of persons from social funds and other sources intended for these purposes. Social Policy: Textbook / Ed. N.A. Volgina. Moscow. 2002.

Pension relations in Russia are regulated by the laws “On state pensions", "On Amendments to the Law of the RSFSR "On State Pensions in the RSFSR" (in the title and text of the Law, the abbreviation "RSFSR" is replaced with the words "Russian Federation"), "On pension provision for persons serving in internal affairs bodies and their families "and others.

Pensions are paid upon reaching a certain age; onset of disability; death of the breadwinner; long-term implementation of a certain professional activity- length of service.

The main types of pensions are labor and social. Labor pensions include old-age pensions (by age); disability pension; survivor's pension; long service pension.

If citizens for some reason do not have the right to a labor pension, a social pension is established for them.

Women have the right to a pension on a general basis upon reaching 55 years of age with a total work experience of at least 20 years, and men upon reaching 69 years of age with a total work experience of at least 25 years.

The payment of pensions is financed by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation through insurance contributions from employers and citizens, as well as from the federal budget of Russia.

All pensions are indexed in accordance with the established procedure in connection with the increase in the cost of living. When the minimum pension amounts are increased, all pensions increase in proportion to the increase in their minimum amounts.

The development of pension provision is carried out on the basis of the concept of reform of the Russian pension system, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The concept involves a smooth transition to a new funded principle of pension provision with the preservation of pension rights secured by the current pension system. The reform is provided for by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 26, 1997 No. 222 “On the Program of Social Reforms in the Russian Federation.” :

· introduction of a system of individual (personalized) accounting of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation;

· ensuring stability of the real cost of pensions, achieving fair differentiation of pension amounts based on labor contribution, establishing a permanent mechanism for indexing pensions through the use of an individual pensioner coefficient, based on the growth of average wages in the national economy of the country;

· strengthening the financial stability of the budget of the Russian Pension Fund to ensure timely financing of pension payments.

Reforming pension provision will make it possible to turn it into an effective element of the social protection system.

Another organizational and legal form of social protection of the population is the provision of social benefits and benefits to especially needy categories of the population.

In modern conditions in the country, the number of social payments and benefits is over 1000, they are established for more than 200 categories of citizens, the number of people applying for them reaches almost 100 million people (disabled people, veterans, children, the unemployed and others). With the help of social benefits and benefits, the implementation of social guarantees of citizens is ensured, individual situations and the presence of such circumstances as poverty, orphanhood, unprotected motherhood, unemployment, are more fully taken into account, long illness and others.

However, the current practice of paying social benefits is imperfect. It was not possible to ensure fair use of funds allocated for these purposes, to provide them in a targeted manner, and to make fuller use of the regions’ capabilities in strengthening the financial base for providing social guarantees. Therefore, these issues are currently the focus of attention of government and other bodies and social service institutions.

Compulsory state social insurance is a means of compensation for social risk and a means of social redistribution, taking into account the principle of social justice. State social insurance is a system of material support for workers in old age, established by the state and regulated by law, in the event of temporary or permanent disability of family members of workers (in the event of the loss of a breadwinner), as well as protecting the health of workers and members of their families. Yakushev L.P. Social protection: Textbook. Moscow. 1998.

State social insurance is carried out at the expense of special funds formed from mandatory contributions of employers and (in some cases) employees, as well as subsidies from the federal budget for material support of employees and members of their families.

Contributions intended for state social insurance are paid by enterprises, organizations, individual citizens using the labor of hired workers in their personal households, as well as workers from their earnings.

State social insurance provision is divided into cash payments, material benefits and services. In modern conditions, the need to reform the entire social insurance system, to make fuller use of principles tested in different countries of the world has become obvious: guaranteed assistance to the insured and the mandatory nature of conditions and norms; payment; solidarity; automation of financing based on the accumulation of insurance premiums; strictly targeted nature of the funds and their repayment; definition of the insurance space in combination with the distinction between different types of insurance, etc. Improving social insurance includes:

· exemption of state social extra-budgetary funds from payments unusual for them, separation of insurance payments from taxes;

· introduction of differentiated amounts of insurance contributions for state social insurance depending on the degree of danger, harmfulness, severity of work and the state of working conditions;

· strengthening the personal participation of citizens in the financing and management of the social insurance system;

· development of voluntary forms of social insurance at the expense of citizens and enterprise income, etc.

This will make it possible to turn social insurance into an important reliable component of the social protection system. Social services represent a wide range of socio-economic, medical-social, psychological-pedagogical, socio-legal, social and other social services and material assistance, adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations.

Functions are relatively independent, but closely related types of activities for the social protection of a person who finds himself in a difficult life situation.

In the process of developing the social protection system, the functions change and are filled with new content due to innovative technological techniques, the complexity of the services provided and the expansion of the scope of their application, increasing the professionalism of specialists.

This reflects the process of mastering the new content of social protection activities, its increasingly clear focus on providing multilateral support to a person in need, ensuring his personal participation in solving problems and difficulties that have arisen, and improving relations between people within the framework of various systems of assistance to the population.

The social protection system is a complex of legislative acts, measures, as well as institutions that ensure the implementation of social protection measures for the population and support for socially vulnerable segments of the population. It includes, first of all, social security, which, in turn, performs a number of functions. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 26, 1997 No. 222 “On the Program of Social Reforms in the Russian Federation.”

Classification of social protection functions:

· economic functions of social protection. Its essence lies in the fact that the state uses social protection as one of the ways to distribute part of the gross domestic product, thereby having a certain impact on equalizing the personal income of citizens by providing material benefits instead of lost earnings;

· the production function is expressed in the fact that the right to many types of social protection is conditioned by work activity, and the level of protection often depends on its nature and the amount of remuneration for work;

· social (social rehabilitation) function of social protection helps maintain social status citizens in the event of various social risks by providing various types of material support. With the help of the social function, the rehabilitation direction of social protection is carried out, the purpose of which is to restore the full functioning of a person;

· the political function allows the state to implement the main directions of social policy by means specific to social protection. The state of social peace in society depends on how effectively social protection fulfills its political function. Social tension in society at the present stage indicates that the state of Russian social protection does not meet the needs of the population.

· the demographic function is realized through the impact of social protection on many demographic processes - on the life expectancy of the population, stimulating the birth rate, etc.

Along with the above functions of social protection, there is also a spiritual and ideological function, which includes: ideological, moral and socio-psychological subfunctions.

Every person has the right to such a standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, as is necessary to maintain the health and well-being of himself and his family and the right to security in the event of unemployment, illness, disability, widowhood, old age or other case of loss of livelihood due to circumstances beyond his control.

Social protection of the population and the mechanism for its implementation are based on the relevant constitutional and legal provisions. Currently in the Russian Federation there are four main areas of social protection of the population:

1. Social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, which is focused on creating conditions for the life and development of children that allow all children, regardless of which family they were born and live in, to have best opportunities to maintain health, material well-being, free accessible education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development, realization of one’s abilities. social protection population legal

State policy in the interests of children is based on the principles of legislative provision of children's rights; state support for families in order to ensure the full upbringing of children, protection of their rights, preparation of them for a full life in society; establishing and observing state minimum social standards for the main indicators of the quality of life of children, taking into account regional differences in these indicators; responsibility of officials and citizens for violating the rights and legitimate interests of a child, causing harm to him; state support for local government bodies, public associations and other organizations carrying out activities to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the child.

Social protection of children and adolescents at the present stage is consistent with state policy in the field of childhood, which recognizes this period of a person’s life as the most important stage, and therefore undertakes to do everything to prepare them for a full life. Social protection of children and adolescents is characterized by multidirectionality, affecting a variety of areas of their life, but the priority area of work is working with children and adolescents suffering from varying degrees of social maladjustment, which leads them to the street, drugs, prostitution, etc.

2. Social protection of the working population, designed to “provide for the creation of conditions that ensure a balance of rights, responsibilities and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to be economically independent, without infringing on the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance to those in need.” Social protection of the working population and their labor protection are based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Labor Safety in the Russian Federation”, adopted on July 17, 1999, and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Thus, we can conclude that social protection of the working-age population should provide mechanisms that provide citizens of the Russian Federation with protection from social risks that prevent:

· effective employment of a person;

· providing, in accordance with the law, additional guarantees employment for categories of the population in need of special social protection and experiencing difficulties,

· payment and receipt of wages and all types of social benefits in the amounts and terms provided for by law;

· worker health protection and prevention unfavorable conditions their labor;

· providing and receiving material and other assistance to persons caught in crisis material and social situations;

· realization by young people of their potential in scientific, cultural and sports terms;

· equal rights of men and women in all matters of social life (primarily we're talking about on full de facto equality in pay, promotion, access to education, scientific activities, culture and sports).

3. Social protection of disabled citizens, which should be aimed at humanizing all spheres of life of these people. It is unacceptable for any of them to feel like an extra person, burdening their loved ones and society. Everyone should retain the desire and opportunity to live in a family for as long as possible, actively participate in the economic, political, and cultural development of society, enjoy all its benefits and, if possible, increase them.

Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are activities to meet their needs for social services. It includes a set of social services (care, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance. “Social Encyclopedia”. Editorial team. A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, E. .D., Katulsky and others - M: Bolyi, Ros.

4. Social protection of the family, which should ensure effective prevention of social risks.

Social protection of the family at the present stage is the most developing area of social protection, since it is in the family that all social problems characteristic of modern life are reflected. Russian society, and these problems are always specific, since they are directly related to the type of family.

The organization of implementation of the named areas of social protection of the population is determined by the regulatory framework of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation.

Chapter2 . State policy in the field of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation

2.1 State policy for organizing social protection of the population of the Russian Federation

Recently, due to the increase in the number of vulnerable categories of the population, the load on the social protection system has increased; this circumstance justifies the need to develop public policy improving the organization of the social protection system.

The organization of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation is carried out at the federal, regional and local levels.

The federal executive body of the Russian Federation in the field of social protection of the population is the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, whose activities are managed by the Government of the Russian Federation. In order to resolve issues related to social protection of the population, the central apparatus of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation includes the Department of Organization of Social Protection of the Population and the Department for Disabled People.

The Department of Organization of Social Protection of the Population ensures the activities of the Ministry in developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of social protection of the population, including social protection of families, women and children, veterans and other vulnerable groups of the population, guardianship and trusteeship of adults who are incompetent or not fully capable citizens, as well as the provision of public services in the field of social protection, including social services for elderly citizens, families, women, children and the disabled. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2010 No. 339 “On approval of the Regulations on the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.” The department has the following structure: family policy department; department for organizing social protection of families with children; department for the development of social services for the population; Department of Policy in the Sphere of Social Protection of the Population; Department of Social Guarantees and Social Support Measures for Veterans; department for interaction with regional social protection authorities and public organizations. Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia: official website [Electronic resource]. - Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, 2008 - 2011. - Access mode: http://www.minzdravsoc.ru

The Department for Disabled People has been operating since 2010 and ensures the activities of the Ministry in developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of social rehabilitation and integration of people with disabilities. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated May 31, 2010 No. 402 “On approval of the Regulations on the Department for Disabled People of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.” . This division includes: a department for the methodology of development and implementation of social protection programs for people with disabilities; department for development of the rehabilitation industry; Department for the Development of Medical and Social Expertise; Department of Policy in the Sphere of Social Protection of Disabled People; department of social guarantees for citizens affected by emergency situations; department for interaction with public associations of disabled people.

In addition to the above departments, the Ministry includes the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Health Care and Social Development, which directly and through its territorial bodies carries out control and supervision functions in the field of health care and social development.

The Ministry coordinates the activities of state extra-budgetary funds (Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund), the budgets of which are formed independently from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the expense of insurance contributions.

The Ministry has advisory and coordination bodies, and All-Russian meetings are organized on topical issues of social protection of the population.

In each subject of the Russian Federation, in the field of social protection of the population, executive authorities of the subjects function, for example, the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population (Labor and Social Development), Departments of Social Development (for Labor and Social Protection of the Population), Main Directorates of Social Protection of the Population. Together with federal executive authorities they form unified system executive power in the Russian Federation on issues of social protection.

Local government bodies in accordance with Article 20, paragraph 5 of the Federal Law “On general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ has the right to establish at the expense own funds“additional measures of social support and social assistance for certain categories of citizens,” the implementation and financing of additional measures of social protection “is not the responsibility of the municipality” and “is carried out if possible.” Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation” (with subsequent amendments and additions).

Today, not all municipalities of the Russian Federation carry out additional social protection measures at their own expense. Accordingly, these municipalities do not have municipal institutions for social protection of the population, and the powers to provide measures of social support and social services are exercised at the regional level.

The Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, from 2005 to the present, has been providing disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation and sanatorium-resort treatment for privileged categories of citizens. This function is enshrined in Article 4 of Federal Law No. 202-FZ of December 29, 2004 “On the budget of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation for 2005,” although when organizing the Fund this type no activities were envisaged.

Article 5, paragraph 3, 4 of the federal law of December 8, 2010 No. 334-FZ « On the budget of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation for 2011 and for the planning period of 2012 and 2013” regulates the activities of the Fund in financing technical means of rehabilitation for disabled people and the cost of vouchers to sanatorium-resort institutions for 2011. According to the above-mentioned legal act, in 2011, 435,673,131.3 thousand rubles are allocated for social security and social assistance from the Social Insurance Fund, in 2012 it is planned to allocate 472,808,135.6 thousand rubles for this item, in 2013 year - 519,617,412.2 thousand rubles. At the same time, the amount allocated for providing disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation for 2011 and for the planning period of 2012 and 2013 remains unchanged and amounts to 6,972,430.2 thousand rubles. Federal Law of December 8, 2010 No. 334-FZ « On the budget of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation for 2011 and for the planning period of 2012 and 2013.” Against the backdrop of the trend of annual increase in the number of disabled people, this circumstance indicates an inadequacy of financial support for ongoing activities real needs low-mobility groups of the population (disabled people). While the economic burden on the working population has increased: from 01/01/2010 the unified social tax, contributions of organizations to extra-budgetary funds have increased and since 01/01/2011 they amount to 34% (the single social tax was 26%).

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Functions and activities of the department.

The department in accordance with the tasks assigned to it:

1) identifies the causes and factors of social ill-being of low-income groups of the population, their needs for assistance, examines them at the place of residence, registers them and makes proposals to the department of social protection of the population to provide them with social support;

2) carries out the implementation of resolutions, orders of the city administration and the city program for social support of low-income groups of the population in the district;

3) forms a database of: preferential categories of citizens, recipients of benefits, compensation payments, keeps records of them, makes payments;

4) collects documents for issuing certificates of entitlement to benefits;

5) on behalf of the management, submits data for reconciliation with organizations providing benefits in accordance with Federal laws for reimbursement of expenses from the Federal Budget and the Federal Compensation Fund;

6) manages funds within the approved limits of budget obligations;

7) maintains accounting records of funds and material assets in accordance with its own estimate of income and expenses, approved by a superior manager;

8) keeps records of persons from among the residents of the district who need to be provided with individual means of transportation, sanatorium-resort treatment, placement in boarding houses of general and specialized types, in home care and makes specific decisions on these issues;

9) prepares primary documents for registration of guardianship over adults with legal capacity in the form of patronage in accordance with the law;

10) organizes the distribution of humanitarian aid to the population of the region;

11) submit plans, statistical reports and progress reports to the department of social protection of the population within the established time frame;

12) considers proposals, applications, complaints from citizens, prepares responses to them in a timely manner;

13) draws up and issues sheets of train coupons to preferential categories of citizens;

14) organizes work with maladjusted persons; persons released from prison;

15) if appropriate conditions are provided, organizes work on the social rehabilitation of disabled people, vocational training of disabled people, assists in registering with the employment service, sends disabled children to higher and vocational educational institutions for training;

16) implements measures to prevent neglect and delinquency among minors, submits proposals to the department for organizing employment, employment, health and recreation for children registered with the department;

17) conducts receptions of citizens on issues of social protection;

18) submits proposals to the department of social protection of the population to improve working conditions, create a network of automated workstations (AWS) and use software in the work of the entire department, provision of personal computers.

Scope of activity.

The department organizes its work in the following areas:

Working with veterans, disabled people and the elderly;

On issues of social assistance to family, motherhood and childhood;

For the purpose and payment of monthly benefits for children;

Organization of accounting and control.

The main forms of work of the department:

Organization of office work and documentation

Ensuring the department according to the nomenclature of cases;

Formation of an archive of documents.

The main regulatory documents used by this organization.

The department in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws, the Law "On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation", the Law of the Primorsky Territory "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Primorsky Territory", "On Municipal Service in the Primorsky Territory", orders, resolutions , orders of the Head of the Administration of the city of Vladivostok, orders, orders of the head of the OSZN of the administration of the city of Vladivostok, orders of the head of the OSZN for the Frunzensky district of the city of Vladivostok, as well as Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of the governor of the region: No. 1096 of September 29, 1999. "The procedure for recording and calculating the amount of average per capita income giving the right to receive monthly allowance per child ", No. 120 dated 02/28/2002 "On approval of the Procedure for repaying accounts payable on state benefits for citizens with children", No. 119 - Federal Law dated 06/04/1997 "On enforcement proceedings"; orders and instructions of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation and the charter of the city of Vladivostok.

Description of work with clients.

The department carries out work in the Frunzensky district of Vladivostok on the social protection of the disabled population and low-income families with minor children, as well as other groups of the population in need of state support.

Clients are received three times a week - on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The number of clients is approximately 90 people per week, their ages vary from 14 to 60 years.

The problems faced by this organization are varied.

For example:

To receive child benefits, one-time and monthly; in case of arrears in payment of child benefits; with a lack of material means of subsistence;

Loss of a breadwinner;

Regarding the appointment of guardianship; as well as when changing place of residence due to moving to another area and transferring the place of payment of benefits.

OSZN provides services for providing vouchers to improve health in a resort area or holiday home.

When a client contacts an organization, a conversation is held with him (in the form of an interview) and an inspection report of material and living conditions and marital status is drawn up according to the following plan. The category of family is determined (complete, incomplete with many children, guardianship, with a disabled child, with a disabled parent), full name. the client and his family members; the presence of children, their age and their attendance at child care institutions; health status of family members; main sources of income (salary, pension, alimony) and additional; living conditions, size of living space.

Availability is analyzed:

Basic necessities and luxury goods;

Availability of transport, a personal plot, a summer house, a vegetable garden in the family.

Based on this, a decision is made about what the family needs and what assistance will be provided to it.

To solve customer problems, it is often necessary to involve other organizations, so the department interacts:

With enterprises, organizations of all forms of ownership and public associations on issues of organizing work in the field of social policy and providing benefits provided for by Federal Laws;

With government agencies of the Pension Fund of the Primorsky Territory to exchange the necessary information;

With institutions of the state service for medical and social examination on the issues of determining disability and implementing an individual rehabilitation program for people with disabilities.

List of services provided in OSZN:

Assignment, recalculation and payment of benefits;

Receiving citizens and conducting consultations on the appointment and payment of child benefits;

Issuance of certificates to the court about arrears in payment of benefits;

Issuance of certificates to single mothers when they apply to the court or subsidy department;

Assistance is provided to families in enrolling children in schools, kindergartens, etc.; determines the status - dependent, guardian, namesake;

Prepares cases for sending to other departments and management; submits an application to the social insurance fund, provides assistance to low-income groups of the population, makes preferential payments, provides people with disabilities with individual means of transportation and humanitarian aid, issues travel vouchers for preferential categories of citizens, assists in determining disability, in the rehabilitation of disabled people, employment, health improvement, etc.

The staff in the department works, each employee performs his duties in accordance with job descriptions. These are professionals in their field who know the rights of citizens and protect them to the best of their competence and the law.

Questions for self-control:

1. What is management?

2. Name the levels of management.

3. Give the meaning of management in social work.

4. Expand the concepts of subject, object, management in social work.

5. Who manages social work at the institutional level?

6. Give the functions of the Ministry of Health and Social Development.

7. Who organizes the provision of social guarantees and social services? Highlight the functions.

8. Briefly highlight the position on the social protection department of the Primorsky Territory administration.

9. What is the structure of the social protection department of the Primorsky Territory administration, and what functions do the departments perform?

10. Structure and functions of the social protection department for the Frunzensky district of Vladivostok.

Planning as a management function.

The essence of the planning function

Management functions are the types of activities of governing bodies and officials with the help of which they influence the managed object. The objects of management are social workers, employees of social protection services and institutions, relationships between people in the provision of social assistance. The planning function is a pre-control function along with forecasting.

Social planning- a method of social management, the essence of which is to determine and justify the goals, objectives and rates of development of social processes and to develop the main means of their implementation.

Currently, social planning has focused on the territorial level, where the objects are the city, region, and region. Social planning has the nature of social forecasts and is focused on solving specific problems that are closely related to the territory of social and economic problems - employment of the population, social protection of the population, protection of their health, development of the sphere of socio-cultural services, ecology, etc.

Planning is making decisions in advance about what should be done and what is necessary for this, when to do it, who will do it, who will be responsible for the result obtained.

We will look at the strategic planning process. The strategic goal of social work is to most fully meet the needs of all segments of the population for social protection.

The word strategy comes from the Greek “art of the general.” Strategy- a detailed, comprehensive, comprehensive plan designed to ensure the accomplishment of the organization's mission and achievement of its goals.

It is important to remember that strategic planning alone does not guarantee success.

This confirms that all management functions are interconnected.

Strategic planning provides management with a means of creating a plan for the long term; provides a basis for decision making; helps reduce decision risk, helps clarify the most appropriate courses of action, and creates unity of common purpose within the organization.

Stages of strategic planning

1. At the first stage of planning, an essential decision is the choice of organizational goals.

Main common goal organizations, i.e. clearly expressed reason for its existence, designated as its mission(responsible task, role, assignment). Goals are developed to achieve this mission.

Mission details the status of the organization and provides direction and guidance for defining goals and strategies at various organizational levels.

The mission statement should contain:

1. The task of the organization in terms of its main services, its main consumers, its main technologies - i.e. what activities does the organization engage in;

2. Factors of the external environment in relation to the organization;

3. The culture of the organization - what type of working climate exists in the organization, what kind of people are attracted to this climate.

For example, the mission of the social protection department is to meet the social needs of the population. The mission of the center for social assistance to families and children is to provide comprehensive assistance and support for families and children.

Some leaders do not attach importance to the choice of mission. This especially applies to heads of commercial organizations. They believe that the mission is to make a profit.

The mission is important to the organization, but the values and goals of senior leaders also influence the organization. Researchers note that strategic behavior is influenced by values (Igor Ansof). Gut and Tigiri identified 6 value orientations that influence acceptance management decisions, and also that the chosen goals depend on them.

The rules and regulations of social protection of the population directly depend on the regulated law and the direction of this type of support to the population.

The basis of the state social guarantee is a minimalized social standard that determines people’s living conditions.

For example, certain rules for support are established for the mother of a newborn child, and different rules for an elderly person (pensioner).

The protection of the population is intended to determine the necessary minimum standard of living so that citizens of the Russian Federation do not find themselves below the poverty line, to establish benefits that are important for certain social groups, and to allow some to use certain services for free.

The essence of social protection

Social protection itself is a system for distributing resources among vulnerable segments of the population. Insecurity is classified and determined according to certain principles.

Public funds are based on the source of funding from the budget.

Thus, funds allocated to social services are generated through taxation. Social protection is:

the Russian Federation’s care for people who have lost their ability to work;
implementation of guarantees for the population;
framework ensuring the maintenance of a minimum established standard of living.

Principles of social protection

Social protection of the population is created in such a way that it can be based on the following basic principles:

partnership. The state undertakes to fulfill its obligations to people regarding social protection, but partnership is an integral part. Therefore, close cooperation between the state and private organizations is observed everywhere;
economic justice. The very structure of the state is largely based on economic relations. Without ownership of certain resources, which are obtained through the ability to work, the livelihoods of citizens cannot be supported. The state must equalize the capabilities of people by determining, based on the principle of economic justice, priorities for the distribution of funds, and each category of citizens must satisfy its own established individual needs to maintain a comfortable life;
adaptability. Social protection should work in such a way that it gradually improves itself, for which different parts of the entire system of social relationships functioning in the state are responsible;
priority of state principles. The main task of the Russian Federation in the social direction is the need to help people who, for objective reasons, cannot do this on their own, achieve a certain standard of living that will be acceptable;
preventive measures for social protection. Identification of risk factors associated with social orientation. As a rule, it works at the regional level, has its own levels of management priority, the main task of which is considered to be the most flexible combination of providing services on a paid or free basis to maintain normal living conditions.

Social protection bodies in the Russian Federation

The structure of the bodies responsible for the social status of citizens consists of:

government bodies (provide the legal basis, strategy and tactics of social policy);
civil communities (associations, organizations, firms and enterprises);
charitable and voluntary.

The Ministry of Labor is responsible for managing social protection at the federal level in Russia.

They are managed by Pension, Social Insurance and Medical Insurance Funds.

In the regions, the executive bodies of social protection in the Russian Federation are the Department. For questions in Moscow districts, you can contact the district administration.

Social protection objects

pensioners, including single people;
disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War, families of fallen military personnel;
unemployed;
Chernobyl people;
disabled people;
orphans;
large families and low-income people;
single mothers;
citizens without a place of residence;
infected with HIV.

Another measure to protect the social protection of citizens is social insurance, but this area is generally considered auxiliary on a national scale.

It covers persons who have lost their ability to work, and also applies to those who support disabled citizens.

Social protection means

The means of the state for creating social protection include:

regulatory restrictions. They are created so that through the use of certain tools it is not possible to influence the condition of unprotected sections of the population. For this purpose, minimum wages and benefit levels are established, there is free medicine and free education;
social stimulants in the form of subsidies, preferential forms of assistance, services partially paid from the budget;
analysis of the results of work carried out to maintain an average standard of living. As part of these programs, they are developing;
the existence of non-state pension systems, which allows people to invest funds allocated to the budget for subsequent receipt of pensions, to contribute them to private funds on other terms;
creation of a set of actions to provide services and social protection to disabled citizens. For example, they may be issued medical supplies or materials for patients;
organization charitable foundations, directing funds to maintain more high level life of different social groups.

Participants in insuring people against life difficulties that prevent them from maintaining a minimum standard of living are the state, non-state insurance funds and commercial as well as charitable organizations.

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The structure of social protection is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of measures of social protection of the population, support for socially vulnerable segments of the population http://www.grandars.ru/college/sociologiya/socialnaya-zashchita-naseleniya.html.

It includes:

1. Social Securityhttps://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0% BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5 - - arose in Russia in the 20s of the twentieth century. and meant creation state system material support and services for elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to the category of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.

In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under one year of age, assistance to families in maintaining and raising children (free or on preferential terms, nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family benefits, maintenance of disabled people in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or preferential prosthetic care, provision of means of transportation for disabled people, vocational training for disabled people, various benefits for families of disabled people. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements became part of the modern system of social protection of the population.

2. Social guarantees http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/fin_enc/29544 - provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account labor contribution and means testing based on the principle of distribution of available public resources of these benefits according to needs. In our country, social guarantees include:

guaranteed free medical care;

accessibility and free education;

minimum wage;

minimum pension, scholarship;

social pensions (disabled children since childhood; disabled children; disabled people with no work experience; children who have lost one or both parents; persons over 65 (men) and 60 (women) years with no work experience);

benefits at the birth of a child, for the period of caring for a child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years, up to 16 years;

ritual benefit for burial and some others.

Since January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits associated with the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the amount of a one-time benefit for the birth of a child increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - to 8000 rubles, a monthly benefit for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This benefit provided 25% of the living wage of an able-bodied person. The monthly allowance for a child under 16 years of age has not been revised and is 70 rubles. Its ratio to the child's subsistence level was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions, this benefit increased to 150 rubles in 2006.

A type of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of public guarantees provided separate groups population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, in-kind benefits for these categories of the population were replaced with monetary compensation. Since January 1, 2005 preferential category citizens have the right to use the social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments http://www.grandars.ru/college/sociologiya/socialnaya-zashchita-naseleniya.html. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel on suburban transport, free medicine, sanatorium treatment and travel to the place of sanatorium treatment. The law provides that from January 2006, beneficiaries will be able to choose between a social package and receiving the corresponding amount of money.

From January 1, 2006, monthly cash payments in accordance with the law were established in the following amounts: disabled people of the Great Patriotic War-- 2000 rubles; WWII participants - 1500 rubles; combat veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1,100 rubles.

Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of deceased or deceased disabled war veterans, World War II participants and combat veterans will receive 600 rubles monthly.

Disabled persons with a third degree of restriction of work activity are paid 1,400 rubles monthly; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; Disabled children will be paid 1,000 rubles. Disabled people who do not have restrictions on their ability to work, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles monthly.

Social insurance is the protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, occupational disease, death of the breadwinner. The social insurance system is financed from special extra-budgetary funds formed from contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies. http://www.grandars.ru/college/sociologiya/socialnaya-zashchita-naseleniya.html

There are two forms of social insurance - mandatory (with state support from its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Support for citizens is provided primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for illness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing the services of health care organizations, vocational training and others related to the restoration of working capacity.

Social support (assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free lunches, clothing) and is financed from general tax revenues. Social assistance is usually means tested. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as the realization of the right to life.

Social support is not limited to financial assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life difficulties, maintaining social status, adaptation in society.

Activities of social services in social support, provision of social, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, carrying out social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate branch of the social sphere - social services http://www.grandars.ru/college/sociologiya/socialnaya-zashchita-naseleniya.html.

The system of social service institutions in Russia is developing at a very rapid pace. During the period 1998-2004, the total number of social service institutions increased by a third. At the same time, the number of institutions for the elderly and disabled has increased by more than one and a half times compared to 1985, and by 18% compared to 1998. Number of social assistance centers for families and children for 1998-2004. increased by 2 times, social rehabilitation centers - by 2.5 times. There are 25 rehabilitation centers for young disabled people and 17 gerontological centers. New types of social service institutions have appeared: crisis centers for women, so far the only crisis center for men, crisis departments for girls.

Work aimed at providing assistance, support and protection to people, and especially to the socially weaker sections of society, is called social work.

The object of social work is people in need of outside help: old people, pensioners, disabled people, seriously ill people, children; people who find themselves in difficult life situations: the unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who have fallen into bad company, single-parent families, those convicted and those who have served their sentences, refugees and displaced persons, etc.

Subjects of social work are those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, implementing social policy through state social protection authorities. This public organizations: Russian Association of Social Services, Association of Social Pedagogues and social workers etc. These are charitable organizations and relief societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The main subjects of social work are people engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with appropriate education and diplomas) all over the world (several tens of thousands in Russia). The bulk of social work is carried out by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or out of conviction and a sense of duty.

Society is interested in increasing the effectiveness of social work. However, it is quite difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs required to achieve this result. http://www.grandars.ru/college/sociologiya/socialnaya-zashchita-naseleniya.html Efficiency in the social sphere is a complex category that consists of goals, results, costs and conditions of social activity. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its goal. It can be positive or negative. In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis a general improvement in the social situation in society. Criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.

Closely related to the criterion of efficiency is the problem of the limits of social assistance to citizens. As with the implementation of income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the emergence of dependency, passivity, and reluctance to make decisions on one’s own and solve one’s problems. Negative phenomena may arise in the social sphere (for example, active support for single mothers may result in a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, the birth rate).