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Spelling N and NN in adjectives

The number of letters N in adjectives depends on the suffix used to form the word.

If a word is formed using the suffix -N-, doubling of consonants is obtained only if the stem of the generating word ends in N. For example: SLEEP-N-YY, DRUM-N-YY.
If suffixes were used to form a word

–AN-, -YAN-, -IN-, then you need to write one letter N. For example: GUS-IN-Y, SILVER-YAN-Y, LEATHER-AN-Y.

If the suffixes are -ONN- or -ENN-, then two N are written. For example: AVIATION-ONN-YY, SOLOM-ENN-YY.

Remember a few exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN. These words are written with double N, despite the fact that they were formed using the suffix –YAN-.

Note also the word WINDY. It does not have double consonants, since this adjective was formed not from the noun WIND, but from the obsolete verb VETRETI with the help of the suffix N.

There are also several adjectives for which this rule cannot be applied, for example: YOUNG, RUSH. The fact is that these words were formed without suffixes at all. They contain one H, which is at the root.

Exercise

1. From below came a growing, rising rumble, from the side - the knocking of bone balls through a glass partition, behind which alarmed faces flashed. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”) 2. Just think: forty kopecks from two dishes, and both of these dishes and five alts are not worth much, because the supply manager stole the remaining twenty-five kopecks. (M. Bulgakov "»)

dog's heart

3. Then the bloody sun exploded in his head with a ringing sound, and he saw absolutely nothing else. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

4. Duck Nose turned pale, and Turbin immediately realized that he had made a mistake and had grabbed the wrong person. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

5. The machine, having turned the first stagnant waves, went smoothly, with a thousand-headed, lion's roar and ringing, filling the empty halls of Spimat. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

6. Looking around the position with his eagle gaze, Korotkov hesitated for a moment and with a battle cry: “Forward!” - ran into the billiard room. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

8. He himself, in the same bandage, but not wetted, but dry, walked around not far from the group of executioners, without even removing the false silver lion muzzles from his shirt, without removing his greaves, sword and knife. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

9. Then he looked in horror at the razor mirror, sure that he had lost an eye. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

10. The long john rose with a strange, unnatural speed, and Korotkov’s heart sank at the thought that he would miss him. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

11. The man, smiling an unusually polite, lifeless, plaster smile, approached Korotkov. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

12. Korotkov tried to artificially laugh, but it didn’t work out for him. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

13. With a shiny penknife, he cut the bell wire... (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

14. The government official is driving the car in vain! – the cat also lied, chewing a mushroom. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

15. Then he hung the heavy Mauser in a wooden holster, shaking the stand with deer antlers. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

16. I saw vaguely clumps of virgin and untouched lilacs, under the snow, a door, a glass lantern of an old hallway covered with snow. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

17. The ruddy, fat cadet slammed his stock next to the box and stood motionless. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

18. ...the holster, probably due to absentmindedness unusual for Colonel Malyshev, was unfastened. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

19. The rifle rolled with a thud along the icy hump of the sidewalk. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

20. A strange drunken ecstasy rose from somewhere in Nikolka’s stomach, and her mouth immediately went dry. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

21. A wise animal instinct grows to replace a very weak and, in really difficult cases, unnecessary mind. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

22. The jack of hearts climbed onto a chair, spat in Vasilisa’s mustache and fired at point-blank range. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

23. ... flashed on his hat a golden-gallon tail and the ends of two rifles. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

24. One only illuminated place: the black cast-iron Vladimir has been standing on a terrible heavy pedestal for a hundred years and holds in his hand, upright, a three-fat cross. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

25. He was wearing a leather jacket from someone else’s shoulder, worn leather pants and English high boots with laces to the knees. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

26. And if you want to listen to good advice: pour not English, but ordinary Russian vodka. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

27. The doctor, pale, with very determined eyes, raised his glass with a dragonfly waist. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

28. Philip Philipovich sadly pointed with both hands at the window curtain. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

29. On the side of the most magnificent jacket, like an eye, a precious stone stuck out. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

30. The blizzard flapped a gun over his head, threw up the huge letters of the canvas poster... (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

31. Complete amazement was expressed on their faces, and the woman became covered with a cranberry coating. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

32. He fell straight onto the table into a long dish, splitting it lengthwise... (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

33. Here, in the state library, authentic manuscripts of the warlock Herbert of Avrilak, the tenth century, were discovered, and so I need to sort them out. I am the only specialist in the world. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

34. The novelist Petrakov-Sukhovey, who was dining at the next table with his wife, who was finishing a pork escalope, with the observation characteristic of all writers, noticed the advances of Archibald Archibaldovich and was very surprised. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

35. He looked higher and saw a figure in a scarlet military robe, rising to the execution site. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

36. But the fact is that all the time and continuously new and new material. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”).

The exercise was prepared by R. Lozovsky and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

In adjectives, one letter N is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YAN-.

For example: swan(in the suffix -IN - one letter N is written) leather(in the suffix

-AN- one letter N is written) woolen(in the suffix -YANG- one letter N is written).

It is very easy to remember three suffixes in which one letter N is written. Need to know the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter N to them and get suffixes - AN, IN, YAN .

You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.

For adjectives long ago

Recorded in learned books,

When AN, IN, YAN, then N one

And no more surplus.

Suffix -IN- called “animal”. With the help suffix IN Adjectives are formed from animate nouns denoting animals, insects, birds.

MOUSE IN Y = MOUSE + IN

MOSQUITO IN YY = MOSQUITO + IN

NIGHTINGALE IN YY = NIGHTINGALE + IN

In adjectives MOUSE IN OH,MOSQUITO IN OH, NIGHTINGALE IN YY the “animal” suffix is written - IN - with one letter N.

Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - written in adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:

SKIN AN SKIN = SKIN + AN

SAND ANІ= SAND + AN

SILVER YANG YY = SILVER + YANG

WOOL YANG OH= WOOL + YANG

GLIN YANG Y = CLAY + YANG

Adjectives SKIN AN OH, SAND AN OH, SILVER YANG YY , WOOL YANG OH, GLIN YANGІY are written with one letter Н, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .

You should remember three adjectives whose suffix begins with the letter Y, but the letters N are written in it not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN OH, TIN YANN OH, GLASS YANN YY.

The following riddle about WINDOW:

glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.

2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes

Two letters N are written in adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORS HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, STRAW ENN OH, CRANK ENN YY.

Remember suffix - HE N- helps with NV UN - United Nations.

It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fan.

It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix - HE N- two letters H, and his UN idol has two letters O.

Using the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters N are written, adjectives are most often formed foreign language origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N OH, EDITORIAL HE N OH, TRADITION HE N OH, REVOLUTION HE N YY

Two letters N are written in the suffix -ENN-.

Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN OH, CRANK ENN OH, LIFE ENN OH, OGN ENN OH, SICK ENN YY.

There is an exception word in the Russian language, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N are written in it not two, but one. This word is WINDY.

WINDY DAY

WINDY YOUTH

The word WINDY contains only one letter N!

However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then according to the rule two letters N are written.

WINDLESS NIGHT (the word has a prefix)

Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS The following poem helps.

Windy young man, windy day!

You can easily remember:

I always write only one N!

Windless morning, day or night!

Without applying the rules of knowledge,

Write two N without hesitation!

3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes

Two letters N are written in adjective names formed using the suffix N from nouns with a stem starting with the letter N.

PLAIN = PLAINS N A+ N

LONG= DURATION N A+ N

TRUE= TRUE N A+ N

OUTSTANDING= DIKOVI N A+ N

PANCAKE = BLI N +N

The following poetic rule helps to write the double letter N in an adjective.

Fog one has N,

But if the city became foggy,

Based on N and suffix N,

And it turns out NN,

Remember this case is strange.

4. Something to remember

There are several words in the Russian language that do not have the suffix N and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and the double NN is mistakenly written in them.

Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, RUSH, YOUNG, PORK one letter N is written, which is part of the root.

5. Analyzing examples

Let's determine how many letters N are written in the following adjectives and why.

GUSINY(this word has an “animal” suffix -IN -, in which one letter N is written),

TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends in the letter N. The suffix N is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters N),

STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write НН),

LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter N),

WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter N is written),

INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write НН),

GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write NN).

6. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes

When choosing N, NN for writing in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.

Table 1. Algorithm for writing N, NN in adjective suffixes ()

7. N, NN in short adjectives

It should be remembered that in short names There are as many N adjectives written as full ones: traditional is traditional, smart is smart.

Bibliography

Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

ReferenceTable().
Presentation ().
Additional exercise ().

Homework

Task No. 1

Insert the missing letters Н or НН where necessary. Justify your answer.

Yu..y, yu..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..yy, tin..yy, straight..yy, hurricane..yy, debatable..yy, swan..yy, wind..y, windy..oh, windless..yy, axy..yy, morning..yy, morning..ik, glassy..yy, toiler..yy, silver..yy, silver..ka, silverless..ik, family..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..y, hemp..ik, sparrow..y, nightingale..oh, stirrup..oh, family..oh, Red Banner..y, triumphant..yy, vital..yy, old..yy, guest..aya, guest..itsa, butter..yy, butter..itsa, wind..itsa, va..aya, ple..y, whole..y, drunk..yy, zealous..yy, ruddy..yy, rosy..yy, fiery..yy, sandy..yy, craft..yy, secondary..yy, retired..y, clay..yy, beastly..yy, offspring..yy, precious..yy, bully..yy, flat-headed..yy, half-dead..yy, wild..yy, not strong..yy, sheep..y, infectious..y, sympathetic..yy, seven-lined..yy, countless..yy, friendly..yy, oaty..yy, simultaneous..yy, ants..yy, car..yy, mouse..y, pig..oh, pig..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mal..ik, os..ik, ripple..ik, friend..ik, moshe..ik, windy..ik, side..ik, smart..y, ko..itsa, lee..yy, sandy..ik, travel..ik, vlasya..itsa, vish..ik, weathered..yy, kure..oh (ataman).

Task No. 2

Make the “silent” table speak: write down where there are gaps necessary words. Write out adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.

1. He slept, all shining, in an oak manger,

Like a ray of moonlight in the hollow of a hollow.

They replaced him with a sheep's skin

Donkey lips and nostrils of an ox.

B. Pasternak

2. And the birch tree stands in so... silence,

And snowflakes burn in golden fire.

S. Yesenin

3. Do you love ice...oh January,

No wind, brutal cold.

And I am fierce February,

Blizzard, daring drifting snow.

This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who reread the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Brew yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.

How to reduce the likelihood of correct spelling

Easily. Write at random or because it looks so “beautiful”. Or the first and second at the same time.

How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling

Don't be lazy and don't skip any of the points in the algorithm. Only then will you master the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to the point of automatism.

Aerobatics - determining the quantity n on the run.

You can, but not right away.

Sequencing

To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. This must be done according to the question that we ask by the way.

Noun - Who? What?
Adjective - Which?
- Short adjective - what?
Adverb - How?
Participle - Which?
- Short participle - what?
Verbal adjective - Which?

You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?

Adjectives and participles

An adjective is formed from a noun, and a participle is formed from a verb.

Long- it's an adjective because it answers a question Which? and derived from the noun length.

Strewn- this is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb put to sleep.

By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-. In the past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the part of speech correctly.

Participles and verbal adjectives

Now we have another problem: both participles and verbal adjectives formed from a verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?

Firstly, the verbal adjective is formed from an imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from a perfective verb.

How to determine the type of a verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the form is imperfect (indicates an unfinished action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the perfect form (denotes a completed action).

Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.

A dependent word is a word that can be asked a question from the main word.

Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.

Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfect because it answers a question what to do?.

Loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb load; this verb is imperfect because it answers a question what to do?; there are no dependent words.

In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:

Add a dependent word.
A car loaded with people. Loaded by whom?- a person. Now it's a sacrament.
Change the form of the verb.
Loaded car. Derived from the verb download, which answers the question what to do? and therefore refers to the perfect form.

Short adjectives and short participles

The sequence of actions is as follows:

Realized that the word answers the question what?.
We think from what full form the word is formed.
We determine the part of speech of the full form (read the differences between adjectives and participles above).

Here is a table for clarity.

Hooray. Now we know which part of speech our word belongs to.

Applying the rules

Look how simple it is when we know the part of speech:

We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.

In a word asphalted we write NN, because there is a suffix -ova-.

Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- They were just suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cov- And chew-. These words contain one letter n, because they belong to verbal adjectives.

You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.

It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.

In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -an-, -yan-, -in-: leather en oh, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

We write in adjectives NN in the following cases:

In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N oh, time enne y.
If a word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma NN y.
Pay attention to the second point Special attention. Without it you would write in the word fog one letter n, since there is a suffix -an-. But this word has no suffix -an-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, the stem of which ends in n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget this rule.

Words windy, buttery, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh, no wind NN y).

OK. What about short adjectives?

Everything is simple here: they contain the same number of letters n, how many and in full.

What about adverbs?

It's the same story here. We write the same amount n, how much is in the word from which the adverb is formed.

Slowly- an adverb because it answers a question How?. Derived from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write NN in the suffix -enn-, so we write it the same way in adverbs.

Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusing to explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; derived from an imperfective verb confuse). Because the confused is a verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then we write the same amount in the adverb that is derived from it.

A little exercise. Explain the production n-nn in a sentence.

Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes slightly rolled in ashes, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem tasty on fresh air for the most sophisticated gourmet.

The purpose of this miniature is not to refresh your memory, but to Once again get stuck in the confusion created out of the blue by the grammar of the Russian language.

VERBAL ADJECTIVES SHOULD BE DISTINCTIONED FROM PASSIVE PARTICIPLES OF THE PAST TENSE, WHICH ARE FORMED FROM PERFECTIVE VERBS AND WRITTEN WITH -НН-: PAINT (СОВ.В) - PAINTED FLOOR (CP: PAINTED FLOOR).
YOU SHOULD REMEMBER THE WORDS THAT ARE ADJECTIVES AND ARE WRITTEN WITH -N-: SMART (BOY), CALLED (BROTHER), PLACED (FATHER)
(WITH)

By chance I came across a Russian language textbook. The effect of vaccination against grammar, received back in school years ended, and I opened the page with interest to distant childhood. Spelling N and NN in words. I read the rule, and my mood improved from the numerous questions that arose. Yes, this is not arithmetic, where in fact there is only one question: how much will it be if. But I can’t figure out grammar on my own; I need the help of old-timers. I mentally pictured myself on the page and the tale began.
And immediately - oh! Luck. Krasheny was walking towards me, but for some reason with only N.

- Hello, Krasheny, where is your second “N”, did you lose it or was it stolen? After all, the suffixes ONN and ENN are written with two Ns. Look how confidently Stantsiony and Mushestvenny walk.
The dyed one was silent. He was in no hurry, because he felt comfortable on this page. It's nice when neighbors know how to write you. And here, it seemed, everyone knew except me. At first, Krasheny was outraged by the stranger’s illiteracy, but, as a long-lived page and a walking example, he decided to explain the rule:
— As for writing about me, let’s leave it for later, otherwise it’s immodest. Those two - Station and Courageous - are adjectives and they came from the subject, that is, the main word in the sentence, using ONN and ENN.
- Understood. From the main one and with suffixes. But look, Buranny is coming, he also has two “Ns”, although without suffixes.
- This is a different story. This is an adjective from a noun, in the formation of which the stem with a ready-made N was taken, and the suffix added one more to it.
- Is it like money for money? If the parents had one N, then the children will already have two. Well, if these children have more children... Well, it’s better not to continue. By the way, now it’s clear why oil, duck, and sandy with one N. No luck with the parents.
- No, everything is fine with their parents. It’s just that when these words were born, they were unlucky with suffixes. The parents are nouns, but the suffixes are IN, AN, YAN. That's why they are written with one N.
- So, it’s not enough that good parents also have to choose which suffix to go through life with. Sorry, Painted, there is a trinity: Glass, Tin, Wooden - these even have no luck with suffixes, but they still shine with the second H, like military anniversary medals. So maybe the second N was stolen from you? Think how solid PAINTED would sound.
- I don’t need other people’s letters. And these three are the exception. According to the second N, they were given for their services to Grammar.
- Wow, merit. It turns out that Longneck distinguished himself twice?
“I don’t know about Longneck, it’s not our rule.” And no one knows what they got for Glass, Wooden, Tin, and they don’t speak, they just smile thoughtfully. Secret. And everyone is embarrassed to ask Grammar.
- And yet it is not clear what they are better than words: Bone, Mica, Silver.
- You completely confused me. I'll check with the grammarian and let you know.
I'll still get you, Krasheny. Look: Masleny and Windy are coming. There are suffixes, and N is missing. Maybe these are your poor relatives?
- These were punished. For what reason is unknown. But, they say, they sentenced him to an exceptional measure with confiscation of one N. There was, they say, they had a very serious offense against grammar. Now they are also an exception.
“I understood: they gave it to some as an exception, and took it away from others, also as an exception. Are you bored without them? If only we could take away everyone’s exclusivity, how much easier it would be to write correctly!
- Don't know. Grammar knows better. We ourselves don’t know much. Maybe this is being done in the public interest.
- There, a Knitted sweater is coming towards you. Everything seems to be correct: with one N. And then a jacket knitted by my sister, but with two N. Let’s ask them?
- Ask.
- Dear people, why is there such discrimination?
Started Knitted.
- Painted, we are colleagues. Both come from an imperfective verb. We got used to making do with one N all our lives.
The sister's knitted sweater entered the conversation.
- And I have dependent words, it’s like children, please give us a second N. Now, if you, Painted, were a fence painted by a boy.
“No, excuse me,” Krasheny was indignant: “For the second N, serve as a guide for the boy and the fence for the rest of his life.”
I’d rather be with one N, but I don’t owe it to anyone.
My guide got excited, even the paint began to fall off in pieces. I tried to calm him down
-Who did you come from? How are your parents doing? Are they writing?
- Well, you’re illiterate. I is an adjective formed from a verb. And they call me “verbal”. We are entitled to one N. This means that dependent words will not help.
- Yes? Why is there a razor with two Hs, it comes from the verb “to shave?”
- No! From the noun "Razor".
- Well, okay, and your relatives are that trinity arm in arm: Painted, Painted, Painted, who are heading to visit the Thrown One? Their parents are verbs. How can we be here?
- You're confusing everything again! All of them are not just verbal adjectives, but of very noble origin.
- Only the grammar lacked pathos. Well, guys, you give.
- They did not come from simple verb, and from a past tense verb of the perfect form. And now they have the status passive participle.
- What, they were given a second for suffering? Or for the perfection of parents?
“I don’t know,” Krasheny was puzzled, “But, probably, there are still some merits.” Grammar knows best; we are not its decree. There are, however, exceptions here: named, intelligent, imprisoned (father).
- Enough for today. I understand. A smart boy, although he had a named brother, his father was still imprisoned.
The painted one sighed tiredly and fell silent.
I realized that I was completely lost in the rule, and there was no way out of this maze. One thing is clear: Before determining how to write a word, you need to determine its origin. It's always like this. Everything comes from the parents. So to speak, an apple from an apple tree.
And the main thing that I took away from this journey into grammar is how many interesting things I missed at school.
Automatically I opened the following page: Spelling words with a hanging hyphen. My hands trembled, my breath was taken away from the anticipation of the solution new secret. How many more are there yet to come?

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The number of letters N in adjectives depends on the suffix used to form the word.

If suffixes were used to form a word
–AN-, -YAN-, -IN-, then you need to write one letter N. For example: GUS-IN-Y, SILVER-YAN-Y, LEATHER-AN-Y.

If the suffixes are -ONN- or -ENN-, then two N are written. For example: AVIATION-ONN-YY, SOLOM-ENN-YY.

Remember a few exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN. These words are written with double N, despite the fact that they were formed using the suffix –YAN-.

Note also the word WINDY. It does not have double consonants, since this adjective was formed not from the noun WIND, but from the obsolete verb VETRETI with the help of the suffix N.

1. From below came a growing, rising rumble, from the side - the knocking of bone balls through the glass partition, behind which anxious faces flashed. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

2. Just think: forty kopecks from two dishes, and both of these dishes and five alts are not worth anything, because the supply manager stole the remaining twenty-five kopecks. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

3. Then the bloody sun exploded in his head with a ringing sound, and he saw absolutely nothing else. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

4. The duck’s nose turned pale, and Turbin immediately realized that he had made a mistake, that he had grabbed the wrong person. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

5. The machine, having turned the first stagnant waves, went smoothly, with a thousand-headed, lion's roar and ringing, filling the empty halls of Spimat. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

6. Orly, looking around the position, Korotkov hesitated for a moment and with a battle cry: “Forward!” — ran into the billiard room. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

7. But the woman remained adamant and sad. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

8. He himself, in the same bandage, but not wetted, but dry, walked around not far from the group of executioners, without even removing the silver lion muzzles from his shirt, without removing his greaves, sword and knife. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

9. Then, with horror, he looked into the razor’s mirror, sure that he had lost an eye. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

10. The long john rose with a strange, unnatural speed, and Korotkov’s heart sank at the thought that he would miss him. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

11. The man, smiling an unusually polite, lifeless, plaster smile, approached Korotkov. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

12. Korotkov tried to laugh artificially, but it didn’t work out for him. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

13. With a shiny pen knife, he cut the bell wire. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

14. The car is being driven in vain by Kaze _n yu! – the cat also lied, chewing a mushroom. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

15. Then he hung the heavy Mauser in a wooden holster, shaking the rack with deer antlers. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

16. I saw a blurry clump of virgin and untouched lilacs, under the snow, a door, a glass lantern of an old entryway covered with snow. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

17. The ruddy, fat cadet slammed his stock next to the box and stood motionless. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

18. . the holster, probably due to Colonel Malyshev’s unusual absent-mindedness, was unfastened. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

19. The rifle rolled with a thud along the icy hump of the sidewalk. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

20. A strange drunken ecstasy rose from somewhere in Nikolka’s stomach, and her mouth immediately went dry. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

21. A wise animal instinct grows to replace a very weak and, in really difficult cases, unnecessary mind. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

22. The jack of hearts climbed onto a chair, spat in Vasilisa’s mustache and fired at point-blank range. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

23. . a golden tail and the ends of two rifles flashed on his hat. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

24. One only illuminated place: the black Vladimir has been standing on a terrible heavy pedestal for a hundred years now and holds in his hand, upright, a three-length cross. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

25. He was wearing a leather jacket from someone else’s shoulder, leather, the same worn pants and English high boots with laces to the knees. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

26. And if you want to listen to good advice: pour not English, but ordinary Russian vodka. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

27. The doctor, pale, with very determined eyes, raised his glass from a dragonfly's waist. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

28. Philip Philipovich sadly pointed with both hands at the window curtain. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

29. On the side of the most magnificent jacket, like an eye, a precious stone stuck out. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

30. The blizzard flapped the gun overhead and threw up the huge letters of the poster’s canvas. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

31. Complete astonishment was expressed on their faces, and the woman became covered with a cranberry coating. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

32. He fell straight onto the table in a long dish, splitting it lengthwise. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

33. Here, in the state library, authentic manuscripts of the warlock Herbert of Avrilak, the tenth century, were discovered, and so it is required that I sort them out. I am the only specialist in the world. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

34. The novelist Petrakov-Sukhovey, dining at the next table with his wife, who was finishing her pork escalope, with the observation characteristic of all writers, noticed the advances of Archibald Archibaldovich and was very surprised. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

35. He looked higher and saw a figure in a scarlet military robe rising to the execution site. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

36. But the fact is that all the time, more and more new material was constantly entering the empty floor. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”).

The exercise was prepared by R. Lozovsky and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

Exception words in the rules of the Russian language

The Russian language is truly rich and diverse not only in its lexical baggage, but also in the number of different spelling rules. It is they who have been studied for so long and methodically in school course, but, unfortunately, they do not always remain in memory for life. In addition, it turns out that it is not enough to simply memorize, learn or understand the rule - there are many pitfalls in the form of a list of exceptions. In some rules they consist of one element, and in others - of one hundred and one.

Basic spelling rules

Unstressed vowel at the root. Honestly, there are no exceptions to this rule, since most words where the vowel cannot be checked by selecting another word with a stressed problem sound are vocabulary units. This may include words such as tomato, coat, etc. These are often borrowed words.

Writing the suffix N in adjectives. Glass, tin and wood - how many times in school have we heard about this famous trio... And indeed, there are not many exceptions to this rule. The rest of the adjectives with the suffix -yan- are written with one letter N (cf. clay). But don’t forget about the word windy, which also applies to this rule. Usually adjectives with the suffix -en- are written with a double N, but in the case of the word windy this rule does not work. Please note that already in the word windless N will be doubled. In addition, do not confuse windy weather and wind I new mill!

Vowels O, Yo after sibilants. This rule is probably one of the most difficult to learn. The reason for its difficulty lies in the huge number of exceptions. It would seem that the wording reads: “We always write E at the root.” But unfortunately, not everything is so simple. Exceptions to the rule include: seam, rustle, driver, chocolate, hood, shock, rattle, glutton, shorts, heartburn, gooseberry, slum, clink glasses. In addition to these nouns, some proper names are exceptions: Scotland, Scottish, Scotsman.

This is interesting: what are paronyms, examples.

Vowels O, Yo after sibilants

The root exceptions were given above. But the rule also applies to the writing of vowels in root morphemes, that is, suffixes. So, it would be correct to write O in the suffixes of nouns and adjectives, and E in the verb parts of speech. For example, burn O g at home, but under e g house. However, there is a whole set of exception words here too. Let's start with nominal parts of speech. To make the process of learning this list easier, there is a poem consisting entirely of “difficult” words.

Heavy, cheap, trainee, suitor.

This is interesting: how to write “and also” correctly – together or separately?

Easy ways to remember the rules

Other exception words in Russian

The rule for writing prefixes in Z and S: here, health, building, health resort, not visible in sight, hello.

Spelling vowels after sibilants: borrowed words such as parachute, jury, brochure.

Writing soft sign in forms imperative mood for verbs: lie down.

Writing unchecked vowels at the root of a word:

Combinations such as ber-bir, ter-tira: combination, combine, couple, Wedding Palace.
Roots rast-rasch-ros: Rostov, sprout, industry, industry, moneylender, Rostislav.
The roots of plav-pilaf: swimmer, swimmer (only in these words - pilaf).
Roots skak-skach-skoch: jump, jump, jump + derivatives from them.
Lag-lozh roots: canopy.
Roots equal: plain.

Look in the dictionary if you are unsure of the spelling of a word. This way, you will see it with your own eyes and fix it more firmly in your memory.
Read more. Nothing improves literacy levels like a love of reading. The brain fixes when reading appearance words, thereby giving you the opportunity to remember it forever.
If you just can’t remember how to spell the adjective wooden, put up a few stickers with it around the house. It is better to do this in places where you often visit (the refrigerator door, for example).

education.guru

Everyone knows the rules

There are rules of the Russian language that everyone knows, like “zhi shi write with i”, “not written with verbs separately” or “ introductory words separated by commas." Somehow I can’t remember many of them right off the bat. Let's collect them?

It is important not to peek anywhere, but to write from memory using simple wording. Oh, well, there were also things about “drive, hold, look and see” and about “dressing Nadezhda.”

By the way, which of them are the most difficult for you?

As they taught at the university:
“We look at the window and remember which adjectives with the suffixes “yang” are written with two “n”.”
Glass - glass, wooden - frame, tin - handle.

The remaining adjectives with the suffixes -an-, -yan- and -in- are written with one “n”.

“Kos/kas.” If after the root there is a suffix “a”, then the root is “kas”, otherwise “kos”.

“-tsya, -tsya.” If delivered in indefinite form the verb ends in “-t”, then “-tsya”, otherwise “-tsya”.

Participial phrases are separated by commas. The hard sign serves to separate the prefix from the root (it’s very unpleasant when you write “computer”, “monkey” or “drunk” through hard sign). About the gypsy and the chicks have already been covered. Part compound words“half-” is separated by a hyphen before a proper name (“half-China”), before a root starting with “l” (“half-lemon”), before a vowel (“half-bus”). In all other cases it is continuous (“half the lawn”, “half the lawn”).

The rules for “n” and “nn” are the most difficult to learn; I still make mistakes, despite my general literacy and steady success in Russian at school and university. However, this rule cannot be classified as one that everyone knows.

N or NN - that is the question!

Latest articles in the “Education” section

We repeat the rules of the Russian language together with the online school of Total Dictation

Text: Natalya Lebedeva
Photo: totaldict.ru

Glass, tin, wood - exception words, we always write NN, they taught us at school. How to correctly write pickled cucumbers or a desired gift? Are you sure that you will spell the words correctly: yuN/NNy, rumyan/NNy and svin/NNoy? Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Russian Language and General Linguistics of Irkutsk state university Lyudmila Gorbunova in the online school of Total Dictation reminds you of the basic rules for writing N/NN.

Everything you need to know about N/NN spelling in simple patterns.

SPELLING N/NN
Let's consider the basic rules that will help in a situation when you need to choose N or NN. These rules can be grouped as follows: 1st group - rules governing the spelling of N/NN in the full forms of adjectives and participles - words that answer the question WHAT? This basic rules. The 2nd group of rules determines the spelling in short forms adjectives and participles, nouns and adverbs. These are secondary spellings, because when choosing N/NN you will need to refer to the basic rule.
Let's consider the basic rules, that is, the rules that determine the choice of Н/НН in the full forms of adjectives and participles. Let me remind you that they answer the question “which one?” So, if a word answers the question “which?”, it is necessary to determine from what part of speech it is formed - from a noun or a verb. This stage is very important, since the rules for adjectives formed from nouns are completely different from the rules for words formed from verbs.

If the adjective is formed from a noun, you need to determine which suffix is added to the base of the noun.

If these are the suffixes -in-, -an- (-yan-), then N is written in them: lion→lion, leather→leather, etc.

If these are the suffixes -onn, -enn-, NN is written: pumpkin→pumpkin, lecture→lecture, etc.

NN is also written in adjectives formed from nouns whose stem ends in N. For example: truth→true.

Pay attention to the exception words: glass, tin, wood, windy.
You should also remember vocabulary words in which N is always written: crimson, spicy, ruddy, pork, young, etc.

For words formed from verbs, you need to remember the cases when NN is written:
in words with suffixes -ova- (-eva-)
in words formed from perfective verbs that answer the question “what to do?”
in words that have a dependent word.
If at least one of these signs is present, you must write NN.

Let's look at examples

In the words pickled, risky, organized, trained, nickel-plated, premium, sealed and similar ones, NN is written, since there is a suffix -ova-.
Fried, caught, bought fish - participles are formed from the verbs fry (what to do?), catch (what to do?), buy (what to do?). Perfective verbs, we write NN in participles.
Oven-fried fish. Fried where? In the oven. There is a dependent word - we write NN. Likewise
a wall whitewashed with chalk - whitewashed with what? chalk;
henna-dyed braids - dyed with what? henna

It is necessary to remember a group of vocabulary words formed from imperfective verbs that are written with NN:

unexpected,
desired, unheard of,
cutesy, accidental,
slow, sacred,
unexpected, minted,
unexpected, unprecedented,
heard, seen.

If none of the above conditions is present, N is written.

Fried fish: there are no suffixes -ova-, -eva-, fry (what to do?) - the form is imperfect, there are no dependent words, we write N. Similarly in other examples:
painted floor
boy with short hair

We've learned the basic rules. Let's look at secondary spellings. They occur when you need to choose N/NN in short adjectives, short participles, nouns and adverbs. Here it is important to determine which part of speech the word with the spelling belongs to.

If this is a short participle, then N is always written.

If this short adjective, noun or adverb, you need to write the same number of Ns as in a single-root complete adjective.

Let's look at examples:
Girl (what?) young (short adjective) - as much N as in full form: young (vocabulary);
The statement (what?) is true (short adjective) - the same number of N as in the full form: true←true+N;
Delicious smoked meats (what?) (noun) - as many N as in the full form of the adjective: smoked - smoke (imperfect form);
Speak (how?) slowly (adverb) - as much N as in the full form of the adjective: slow - vocabulary word;
Shackled with one chain - they were chained (short participle) - N.

BUT!!! There are three exception words in which these suffixes are written with TWO letters n. These are: glass, pewter, wood! But in only three words - glass, tin, wood - these patterns intertwined and gave an amazing result.

There are two rules here, to which there are many exceptions. But this rule has exceptions (see above). Exceptions to the rule: windy (but: windless!). Exceptions to the rule: sworn brother, imprisoned father, smart child. During the lesson, sixth graders will learn what determines the spelling of N or NN in the suffixes of adjectives formed from nouns; will consider exceptions to this spelling rule.

Glass, tin, wood are an exception. Who remembers the rule to which this is an exception? Thank you.

Two letters N are written in the names of adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORIAL, TRADITIONAL, STRAW, CRANBERRY. And the modern formulation of the rule “made” them exceptions. And the adjective glass, while retaining the old emphasis on the suffix, at the same time retained the “reinforced n” - and fell into the category of exceptions. Historical commentary on exceptions to spelling rules // “First of September.”

As a rule, adjectives are formed from nouns, from verbs, or are primitives. 1. A participle (or adjective) is formed from a verb with a prefix (except for the prefix not-, which does not affect the number of n in a word). These three conditions do not cover participles and adjectives without dependent words, formed from imperfective verbs without prefixes.

All rules were followed. 7). Adverbs ending in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat. Be sure to include examples, because examples are examples that help you act by analogy. And don’t forget about exceptions. I once faced this question (I was a bad student at school). The word silver is written with one letter n because given word is one of the exceptions.

The word "shot" is no exception. Exceptions: forged, chewed. Exceptions: busy, desirable, cutesy, slow, sacred, swaggering, etc. (see above). More exceptions to the rule: young, crimson, spicy, red, ruddy, blue, green, dowry. Exceptions to the rule: made (view), desired, slow, unprecedented, unforeseen, unsleeping (eye), unexpected, unheard, accidental, sacred, cutesy, arrogant, minted.

As a rule, as many N are written in adverbs as in the word from which it is formed. Initially, in ancient period all denominal adjectives were formed using the suffixes -an- - -yan-, but at the same time received different stress. While studying spelling rules in Russian lessons, we often come across exceptions to the rules, which we mechanically learn without thinking about the nature of their origin. And teachers do not explain this phenomenon of Russian spelling, but simply offer it as a fact. I was interested in the reasons for the emergence of exception words in Russian spelling.

-Н-, -НН- in adjective suffixes

If these words were still in Old Russian language, then their spelling would entirely reflect the traditional principle of Russian spelling, since zh, w were soft. Then students will not need to memorize a huge number of words that fall into the category of exceptions. This means that the rule “O – ё in suffixes after sibilants” applies here too. But for the word thicket, we still pick up the same root thicket. Is it then appropriate to apply the rule “The letters o - e after the sibilants at the root of the word” here?

After c it is written in accordance with the soft or semi-soft pronunciation of those sounds that are conveyed in Russian by the letter c, for example: civilization from Lat. civilis, quote - lat. citatum. Lay. In modern Russian there are two forms of this verb: lay (1st conjugation) and lay (2nd conjugation). Morphological, word-formation and accentological changes have consistently occurred in the Russian language.

This word, even receiving the suffix -н-, never transferred the stress to the root, because its root also consisted of the super-short ъ: stkln - the whole word consisted of only super-short vowels. The origin of the exception word windy is transparent. 7. Spelling: o – e after sibilants in adverbs. More. Few people know that the word was originally an unstressed particle, in which, according to the rule, it was written ё. And only then this word acquired the meaning of “more” and became an adverb.

In order to determine how many n should be written in an adjective, you first need to understand what part of speech it is formed from. Primary adjectives are not formed from any other part of speech. Let's look at these three groups. 1). Adjectives with a non-derivative base: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. The letter n is part of the root.2). 1). Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n if the root of the noun ends in the letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy.

And from these suffixal adjectives new forms with an additional suffix -н- could arise. According to this rule, the words were written like this: wooden-yang-ny, tin-yang-y. There are several words in the Russian language that do not have the suffix N and suffer greatly from this. But these words came to us in the 19th century, when w, w had already hardened, and became exceptions to the rule.