Presentation on ways to solve global problems. Global problems of our time

Goals:

formation of ideas about global problems,
hypotheses, forecasts and projects for their resolution;
acquisition of skills, discussions, formation of skills
discuss, draw conclusions, defend your point of view.
environmental education of students;
acquiring skills to work with additional
material, the ability to select the necessary material, skills
working with statistical material.

Global problems of our time
is a set of socio-natural
problems on the solution of which depends
social progress of mankind and
preservation of civilization. These problems
characterized by dynamism, arise as
an objective factor in the development of society and for
the united people demand their decision
the efforts of all mankind. Global
problems are interconnected and cover everything
aspects of people's lives and concern all countries
peace.

Globalization

The process of global economic, political and
cultural integration and unification. The main consequence of this is
global division of labor, migration (and, as a rule, concentration) on a scale
of the entire planet of capital, human and industrial
resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological
processes, as well as the rapprochement and fusion of cultures of different countries.
This is an objective process that is systemic in nature, that is
covers all spheres of society. As a result of globalization, the world is becoming
more connected and more dependent on all its subjects

The problem of maintaining peace

Nuclear weapon

Through tireless efforts, the global community has achieved
a significant number of multilateral agreements aimed at
reduction of nuclear arsenals, prohibition of their deployment in
certain regions of the world and natural environments (such as space
space and the bottom of the oceans), limiting its spread and
termination of his tests. Despite these achievements, nuclear weapons and
its spread remains the main threat to peace and the main problem
international community.

Local conflicts

Local war - hostilities between two and
more by states limited by political goals
interests of the states participating in hostilities, and
by territory - a small geographical region, like
usually located within the boundaries of one of the
warring parties

International terrorism

Terrorism in modern times is also becoming a global problem.
Especially if terrorists have lethal means or weapons,
capable of destroying a huge number of innocent people.
Terrorism is a phenomenon, a form of crime, aimed directly
against a person, threatening his life and thereby trying to achieve her goals
goals. Terrorism is absolutely unacceptable from the point of view of humanism, and from the point of view
From a legal point of view, it is a grave crime.

The problem of overcoming backwardness and modernization

The main way to overcome the backwardness of developing countries is
carrying out fundamental changes in all spheres of their lives. If
this problem will not be solved, then the continuing situation in
developing countries faces socio-economic
shocks on a global scale and will aggravate other
global problems.

Food problem

The geography of food production is far from
coincides with the geography of its consumption. Most
a reliable way to solve this problem is through
growth in food production in the most
starving countries in Asia, Africa, Latin
America.

Energy and raw material problem

Fuel extraction
is continuously increasing,
what might happen in the future
lead to serious
global
energy crisis.
Humanity must
refocus on
other energy resources,
first of all on huge
Earth's hydro resources.

Ecological problems

They can lead to a worldwide environmental disaster. On our
before our eyes, the era of extensive use of potential is ending
biosphere: there are almost no undeveloped lands left (with the exception of
territory of Russia), the area of ​​deserts is systematically increasing,
Forest areas - the lungs of the planet - are shrinking, the climate is changing
(global warming, greenhouse effect), the number of
carbon dioxide and oxygen decreases, the ozone layer is destroyed.

Ozone layer depletion

Although humanity has taken measures to limit emissions of chlorine and bromine-containing freons by switching to other substances, for example
fluorinated freons, the process of restoring the ozone layer will take
several decades. First of all, this is due to the huge volume
freons already accumulated in the atmosphere, which have a lifetime of tens
and even hundreds of years.

Ocean pollution

Oil and petroleum products are the most common pollutants
substances in the World Ocean. By the beginning of the 1980s, about 6
million tons of oil, which accounted for 0.23% of world production.
Many countries with access to the sea carry out marine disposal of various
materials and substances, in particular soil removed during dredging,
drill slag, industrial waste, construction waste, solid waste,
explosives and chemicals, radioactive waste. Volume of burials
amounted to about 10% of the total mass of pollutants entering the World
ocean.

Changing of the climate

Climate change is changing the image of our planet.
Weather quirks are no longer something unusual, they are...
becomes the norm. The ice on our planet is melting and this is changing
All. The seas will rise, cities may be flooded and
millions of people could die. None coastal
the area will not escape the dire consequences.

Air, water, soil pollution

Pollution is a process of negative
modifications of the environment - air,
water, soil - through its intoxication with substances,
that threaten the life of living organisms.

Kyoto Protocol

An international document adopted in Kyoto (Japan) in December 1997
addition to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). He
obliges developed countries and countries with economies in transition to reduce or
stabilize greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 compared to 1990
year. The period for signing the protocol opened on March 16, 1998 and ended on March 15
March 1999.
The Protocol has been ratified by 181 countries (these countries collectively
accounting for more than 61% of global emissions). A notable exception to
of this list are the USA. The first implementation period of the protocol began 1
January 2008 and will last for five years until December 31, 2012, after which, as
it is expected to be replaced by a new agreement.

Man-made disasters

In the twentieth century, man took to the air, stepped into space, conquered
itself the energy of an atom.
But the age of triumph of human genius also brought a new type of disaster -
man-made disasters that claimed thousands of lives. This is the case
when the fruits of technological progress turned against their creator -
a person who is too self-confident
and treated his creations lightly.

Demographic problem

Demographic problem
contradictory, has the opposite
character for different countries: overpopulation in China, depopulation in Russia.
Together with social development, this
the problem must find its way
resolution in a natural way - will
stabilization occurs in this
respect.
However, states facing
now with a demographic problem,
forced to apply appropriate
measures. It is important that they do not wear
violent in nature and did not violate
sovereignty of the individual, family life.

Low birth rate

"zero population growth" in Western European countries
leads to a sharp aging of the population in developed countries,
including the deterioration of the balance between working and
pensioners, etc.

Rapid growth of the world's population

demographic "explosion" characterized by a sharp increase
population in the countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America, starting from
60s leads to a sharp aggravation of socio-economic
problems in developing countries, including hunger and illiteracy
tens of millions of people.

International organizations

An international organization is a permanent association that
is created on the basis of an international agreement. Its purpose is
assistance in solving those problems that are specified in the agreement.
International organizations are of an interstate nature - operating
at the level of state governments and non-governmental ones. Also
distinguish between international organizations of a global and regional nature.
There are also classifications by type of activity, by the nature of powers, by
circle of participants, international clubs, etc.

United Nations(UN)

An interstate organization created in 1945. The purpose of the organization is to maintain peace between states, strengthen peace, develop and
security of international relations, development of international
cooperation in various fields. The UN is composed of six main
bodies (General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and
Social Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice and Trusteeship Council).

There are many
various structural
UN units and
various organizations,
working under the auspices of the UN
in different areas
international activities.
Majority Headquarters
main divisions
The UN is located in New York
(USA), but there are also branches in
different parts of the world. For 2007
year the UN counted 192
member state. Is
the largest international
organization.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

It is an organization of global significance. Founded in 1995.
The goal is to streamline the rules of international trade. On
In 2008, the WTO had 153 member countries. Headquarters
located in Geneva (Switzerland). The WTO was created on the basis of the GATT
(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). According to the charter, the WTO
can only resolve trade and economic issues.

European Union(EU)

The Organization of European States, created in 1993 on the basis of three
organizations, two of which are still part of it - the EEC (European
economic community - now the European Community), ECSC (European
coal and steel pool - ceased to exist in 2002), Euratom
(European Nuclear Energy Community). This is a unique organization
which is something between an international organization and
by the state. Has a common market, a common currency system, etc. Sphere
activities concern many areas - economics, politics, currency, market
labor, etc. In 2007, the EU included 27 states.

Non-Aligned Movement

A movement that unites countries
proclaimed the basis of their
foreign policy course, non-participation in military-political blocs and groupings.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Exists since 1975. Is the largest regional
peace organization that deals with security issues. The goal is to prevent and resolve conflicts in the region, eliminate
consequences of conflicts. In 2008, the OSCE included 56
states that are located not only in Europe, but also in Central
Asia and North America.

Big Eight

International club of governments
Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada, Russia, USA, France and Japan. Also
also called an informal forum of leaders of these countries (with the participation of the European Commission), in
within the framework of which approaches to current international
problems.
Meetings of the heads of state and government of the G8 countries are held annually
(usually in the summer) in the next chairman country. Participants in the meetings include, in addition to the heads of
states and governments of member countries, 2 representatives of the European Union, namely -
President of the European Commission and head of the country currently holding the Presidency
moment in the EU.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

a special UN agency established by 185 states. Designed for regulation
monetary and credit relations of the member states and providing them with assistance in case of payment deficit
balance by providing short- and medium-term loans in foreign currency. The fund has
status of a UN specialized agency. It serves as the institutional basis of the global
monetary system.
The IMF was created on December 27, 1945 after the signing of an agreement by 28 countries,
developed at the UN Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods on July 22
1944. In 1947, the foundation began its activities.
The headquarters of the IMF is located in Washington.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

international intergovernmental organization for development
international cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear power
energy.
The most important area of ​​IAEA activity is ensuring
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Under the Non-Proliferation Treaty
nuclear weapons (NPT), the IAEA is charged with verifying compliance
obligations of its participants.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Intergovernmental level organization created in
1960 at the initiative of Venezuela. The goal is control
global oil policy, stabilization of oil prices.
OPEC sets production limits
oil. The headquarters is located in Vienna (Austria). For 2009
year there were 12 countries in OPEC.

North Atlantic bloc (NATO)

Is an international military-political union
direction. Created in 1949 on the initiative
USA. The main goal is the safety and freedom of all
member countries in accordance with UN principles, as in
North America and Europe. To achieve your
goals, NATO uses its military potential and
political influence. The headquarters is located in
Brussels (Belgium). In 2009, NATO included
28 states.

“Venture philanthropy” - 5. Difference from traditional philanthropy. 15. 9. Goals of venture philanthropy. 12. How is venture philanthropy related to the concept of risk? [email protected]. 6. Gagarin Fund - features. 10. Maria Gagarina “Gagarin Fund” June 29, 2009. 7.

“Economic activity” - Economics and economic activity. Resources. Rules, principles of organizing activities. Exchange connects consumption, production, distribution. Microeconomics. Economics concept. Nominal GDP is the volume in current prices. Consumption. What does the economy give to a person? Measurers of economic activity.

"Telos Technologies" - Industry standard one hundred telos 01-11-99 for water structuring. A positive conclusion was received (Bryansk Treatment and Diagnostic Center, 1998). 10. Project “telos-water”. Telos generator t-101. Patent base of telos technologies. Non-profit organization Telos Technologies Foundation. Since 1987 Works of Telos enterprises on the subject of preparation (structuring) of drinking water.

"Nobel Prize" - Nobel Prize in Literature. History of the Nobel Prizes. Vargas Llosa has been translated into Russian a lot. Chemistry. 1956 Liu is a PhD and professor of Chinese literature. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for the palladium catalyst. But the Peace Prize is announced and awarded in Oslo.

“The subject of sociology” - Social structure is a stable connection of elements in a social system. Social control is a means of social regulation of people's behavior. Sociologism (E. Durkheim's term) is based on theoretical principles. Realistic conflicts are motivated by the intention to achieve some goal. Social status is the position occupied by an individual in society.

“Cultural Heritage” - Historical and cultural heritage in the regional teacher training program. Historical and cultural heritage of the Oryol region. Faculty of Arts and Folk Culture Faculty of Russian Literature. Interuniversity Department of Historical and Cultural Heritage. The disciplines of the program are designed to prepare a specialist to work as an organizer of local history work in an educational institution: a teacher of additional education, a leader of children's clubs and studios, a tour guide.

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Lesson topic: Global problems Presentation prepared by: Meshcheryakova E.V. MBOU VSOSH No. 3 of Lipetsk

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Plan 1. The concept of “global problems” 2. Causes of global problems 3. Environmental problems 4. Nuclear threat 5. Demographic problem 6. Energy problem 7. What awaits humanity in the future?

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Global problems of humanity are problems that concern all of humanity. No state is able to cope with these problems.

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Causes of global problems 1. The huge scale of human activity, which has radically changed nature, society, and people’s way of life. 2. The inability of humanity to rationally manage the powerful force of progress.

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Features Are planetary in nature Threaten with the death of all humanity Require collective efforts of the world community

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Classification of global problems Political Ecological Social Economic Emergence of local conflicts “Greenhouse effect” Demographic situation Food problem Danger of nuclear war Pollution of the atmosphere and waters of the World Ocean Contradictions between the “north” and “south” Economic crises Differences in political systems “Ozone hole” Terrorism Depletion of resources

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Environmental problems Thinning of the ozone layer and an increase in the influx of ultraviolet radiation. Atmospheric pollution with carbon dioxide and other waste from human activities. Soil erosion, salinization and waterlogging. Deforestation, especially in equatorial regions. Pollution of the hydrosphere (waters of the world's oceans)

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Nuclear threat Over the last 5.5 thousand. There have been 14,500 wars over the years, in which 4 billion people have died. The nuclear threat to humanity arose in the mid-twentieth century. During these years, the USA and the USSR launched a nuclear arms race, balancing on the brink of war. This danger has decreased, but has not completely disappeared, because at the beginning of the 21st century, the possibility of using nuclear weapons arose. There are several groups of potential sources of challenges and threats: – officially recognized nuclear states (USA, Russia, France, UK and China); – unrecognized nuclear states that have openly declared the presence of nuclear weapons (India and Pakistan); – states that have nuclear weapons, but do not officially admit it (Israel); – states without nuclear status, but with the motivation to possess nuclear weapons and the necessary scientific and technological potential for this (DPRK, Iran); .

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Demographic problem Back at the end of the 18th century. The English priest Malthus put forward a theory (Malthusianism). According to this theory, the welfare of workers under capitalism is determined by the “natural law of population,” which is determined by the fact that the world population grows in geometric progression, but the growth of production only in arithmetic progression. The number of earthlings has already exceeded 7 billion. The population is increasing in the “third world” countries (India, China, Brazil, Mexico, etc.)

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Demographic problem Demographics records the decline of the indigenous population in developed Western countries due to a sharp decline in the birth rate. The birth rate in Europe has fallen to 1.34 children per woman. The fertility level required for simple population reproduction is 2.1 births per woman. In the press you can read the following forecasts: “Europe is disappearing as a sociocultural organism; by 2050 it will shrink by 100 million people” (excluding immigration - by 120 million).” All Western countries are trying to make up for the decline in fertility through replacement migration - “importing people.” The European record is held by Switzerland, where every fifth resident is a foreigner. There are 10 million Turks living in Germany, but, according to UN demographers, by 2050 the country's population will decrease from 82 to 58.8 million people.

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Energy problem The history of civilization is the history of the invention of more and more new methods of energy conversion. The first leap in the growth of energy consumption occurred when people learned to make fire and use it for cooking and heating their homes. The sources of energy during this period were firewood and human muscle power. The next important stage is associated with the invention of the wheel, the creation of various tools, and the development of blacksmithing. By the 15th century, medieval man, using draft animals, water and wind power, firewood and a small amount of coal, already consumed approximately 10 times more than primitive man. In modern society I use nuclear energy, gas, oil. Today, the production of oil, gas and other minerals is increasing every year. According to scientists, at the current rate of mining, there will only be enough for a hundred years.

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Ways to resolve global problems Solving problems is an urgent task for all humanity. The following ways to solve global problems of our time are identified: 1. Curb the arms race, ban the creation and use of weapons systems of mass destruction, human and material resources, the elimination of nuclear weapons, etc.; 2. Economical use of natural resources and reduction of pollution from waste material production of soil, water and air; 3.Reducing the rate of population growth in developing countries and overcoming the demographic crisis in developed capitalist countries; 4. To solve the food problem, it is necessary to use biotechnology, new high-yielding varieties, and further development of mechanization, chemicalization and land reclamation.

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Conclusion - Global problems are a challenge to the human mind. It is impossible to escape them. They can only be overcome through the efforts of all countries through cooperation. - Every person must realize that Humanity is on the verge of destruction, and whether we survive or not depends on each of us.

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The presentation was prepared by Elena Alexandrovna, geography teacher of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 73 in Ulyanovsk Borshch

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The modern era has many epithets: electronic, cosmic, nuclear. Today, it is increasingly being referred to as the “Era of Global Problems.”

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Ecological problem. Demographic problem. Food problem. Energy and raw materials problem. Overcoming the backwardness of former colonies. End

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Changes in the global ecological environment Thinning of the ozone layer and an increase in the influx of ultraviolet radiation Deforestation and degradation of forests, especially tropical rainforests. Disruption of the natural circulation of substances and energy flows. The removal of huge masses of matter from the depths and a shortage of raw materials and fuel. Pollution of the hydrosphere with petroleum products, heavy metals, etc. Radiation contamination of vast areas with tragic consequences. Uncontrolled growth of the world population. Soil erosion, salinization, waterlogging, desertification. Atmospheric pollution with CO2, CH4, etc., the threat of the greenhouse effect. Toxication of fields with pesticides, herbicides, nitrates, etc.

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Concern is caused not only by demographic growth itself (the Earth is capable of feeding more than tens of billions of people), but by the persistent unfavorable socio-economic conditions in the modern world, and especially in developing countries.

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Population growth under existing socio-economic conditions leads to an increasing danger of mass death from hunger and disease due to epidemics from unsanitary conditions.

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The growth of the world population leads to an increase in the threat of environmental pollution and the accumulation of gigantic numbers of people in large cities.

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Every year the world's population increases by about 90 million people. But the resources for increasing food production seem to be running out. Selection, artificial fertilizers, herbicides, and irrigation have allowed humanity to significantly increase grain production. However, grain production has not increased in recent years. Food supplies have dropped to their lowest level. The fish stocks of the seas are drying up.