Main features of journalistic style. Journalistic style, its genres and linguistic features

The word journalistic is derived from Latin word publicus, which means “public, state”.

The words journalism (socio-political literature on modern, current topics) and publicist (author of works on socio-political topics).

Etymologically, all these words are related to the word public, which has two meanings:

1) visitors, spectators, listeners;

2) people, people.

The purpose of the journalistic style of speech - informing, transmitting socially significant information while simultaneously influencing the reader, listener, convincing him of something, instilling in him certain ideas, views, encouraging him to certain actions, actions.

The scope of use of journalistic style of speech - socio-economic, political, cultural relations.

Genres of journalism - article in a newspaper, magazine, essay, report, interview, feuilleton, oratorical speech, judicial speech, speech on radio, television, at a meeting, report.

For journalistic style of speech characteristic:

Logic,

Imagery,

Emotionality,

Evaluativeness,

Callability

and their corresponding linguistic means.

It widely uses socio-political vocabulary and various types of syntactic constructions.

Journalistic text is often is being built as scientific reasoning: important comes forward public problem, possible ways to solve it are analyzed and evaluated, generalizations and conclusions are made, the material is arranged in a strict logical sequence, and general scientific terminology is used. This brings him closer to scientific style.

Publicistic speeches distinguished by reliability, accuracy of facts, specificity, strict validity. This also brings him closer to the scientific style of speech.

On the other hand, for journalistic speech characteristic passion, appeal. The most important requirement for journalism is general availability: It is intended for a wide audience and should be understandable to everyone.

The journalistic style has much in common with the artistic style of speech. To effectively influence the reader or listener, his imagination and feelings, the speaker or writer uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors and others figurative means, resorts to the help of colloquial and even colloquial words and phrases, phraseological expressions that enhance emotional impact of speech.

The journalistic articles of V.G. Belinsky, N.A. are widely known. Dobrolyubova, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.V. Shelgunov, historians V.S. Solovyova, V.O. Klyuchevsky, V.V. Rozanova, N.A. Berdyaev, speeches by outstanding Russian lawyers A.F. Koni, F.N. Gobber.

M. Gorky turned to journalistic genres (the cycles “On Modernity”, “In America”, “Notes on Philistinism”, “Untimely Thoughts”), V.G. Korolenko (letters to A.V. Lunacharsky), M.A. Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, L.M. Leonov, I.G. Ehrenburg.

Writers S. Zalygin, V.G. are known for their journalistic articles. Rasputin, D.A. Granin, V. Lakshin, academician D.S. Likhachev.

The journalistic style (as mentioned earlier) includes the speech of the defense attorney or prosecutor in court. And from them oratory, the ability to master words often determines a person’s fate.

Lexical features of journalistic style

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by the widespread use of socio-political vocabulary, as well as vocabulary denoting the concepts of morality, ethics, medicine, economics, culture, words from the field of psychology, words denoting the internal state, human experiences, etc.

In the journalistic style, the following words are often used: with the prefixes a-, anti-, de-, inter-, raz(s), with the suffixes -i(ya), -tsi(ya), -izatsi(ya), -ism, - ist; with roots close in meaning to the prefixes, all-, general-, super-. Complex and compound words and stable figures of speech are widely used in the genres of journalism.

Emotional means of expressiveness in journalistic style of speech

The vocabulary of the journalistic style is characterized by the use of figurative means, figurative meaning words, words with a bright emotional connotation.

The means of emotional influence used in this style of speech are diverse. For the most part, they resemble figurative means of expression artistic style speeches with the difference, however, that their main appointment becomes not the creation of artistic images, but namely influencing the reader, listener, convincing him of something and informing, transmitting information.

Emotional means of expressive language may include epithets (including those that are an appendix), comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions and appeals, lexical repetitions, gradation.

Gradation is sometimes combined with repetition (not a single week, not a single day, not a single minute can be lost), it can intensify grammatical means: the use of gradational conjunctions and conjunctions (not only..., but also; not only..., but and; not so much..., but).

This includes phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, colloquial figures of speech (including colloquialisms); the use of literary images, quotes, linguistic means of humor, irony, satire (witty comparisons, ironic inserts, satirical retelling, parody, puns).

Emotional means of language are combined in a journalistic style with strict logical evidence, semantic highlighting of particular important words, turns, individual parts of the statement.

Socio-political vocabulary is replenished as a result of the revival of previously known words, but which have acquired a new meaning. These are, for example, the words: entrepreneur, business, market, etc.

Syntactic features of journalistic style of speech

In the journalistic style of speech, as in the scientific style, nouns are often used in genitive case in the role inconsistent definition like the voice of the world, neighboring countries. In sentences, verbs in the form often act as predicates imperative mood, reflexive verbs.

The syntax of this style of speech is characterized by the use homogeneous members, introductory words and proposals involved and participial phrases, complex syntactic structures.

Sample text of journalistic style

As our correspondent reports, yesterday central regions Penza region An unprecedented thunderstorm passed. In a number of places, telegraph poles were knocked down, wires were torn, and hundred-year-old trees were uprooted. Fires broke out in two villages as a result of lightning strikes.

Added to this one more thing natural disaster: Heavy rain caused severe flooding in places. Some damage done agriculture. Rail and road communications between neighboring areas were temporarily interrupted. (Information note in the newspaper)

1. Definition

The journalistic style of speech is a functional type of literary language and is widely used in various fields public life: in newspapers and magazines, on television and radio, in public political speeches, in the activities of parties and public associations. You should also add here political literature for the general reader and documentary films.

In various textbooks on stylistics, the journalistic style was also called newspaper-journalistic, newspaper style, and socio-political style. The name “journalistic style” seems more accurate, since other versions of the name more narrowly define the scope of its functioning. The name "newspaper style" is explained by the history of the formation of this style: its speech features took shape precisely in periodic printed publications and above all in newspapers. However, today this style functions not only in print, but also in electronic media. mass media: It would also be fair to call it a "television" style. Another name - socio-political style - more accurately indicates the close connection of the style under discussion with social and political life, but here it is worth remembering that this style also serves non-political spheres of communication: culture, sports, activity public organizations(environmental, human rights and others).

The name of the journalistic style is closely related to the concept of journalism, which is no longer linguistic, but literary, since it characterizes the substantive features of the works attributed to it.

Journalism is a type of literature and journalism; examines current political, economic, literary, legal, philosophical and other problems of modern life in order to influence public opinion and existing political institutions, strengthen or change them in accordance with a certain class interest (in a class society) or social and moral ideal. The subject of the publicist is everything modern life in its greatness and smallness, private and public, real or reflected in the press, art, document." This definition is given in the "Brief Literary Encyclopedia" (M., 1971, vol. 6 Art. 72). If we omit the mention of class interest, That this definition quite accurately reflects the place and role of journalism among works of literature and journalism, and will also allow us to further understand the stylistic features of journalistic works.

In another encyclopedic publication we find the following definition:

Journalism is a type of work dedicated to current problems and phenomena current life society. Plays an important political and ideological role and influences the activities of social institutions, serves as a means of public education, agitation and propaganda, a way of organizing and transmitting social information. Journalism exists

verbal (written and oral),

· graphically (poster, caricature),

· photo and cinematography (documentaries, television),

· theatrical and dramatic

· and verbal and musical forms.

Journalism is often used in artistic and scientific works." ("Soviet encyclopedic dictionary"M., 1990 P. 1091). The concepts of journalism and journalistic style, as can be seen from these definitions, do not completely coincide. Journalism is a type of literature, journalistic style is functional variety language. Works of other styles may differ in their journalistic focus, for example, scientific articles devoted to current economic problems. On the other hand, a text that is journalistic in style may not belong to this type of literature due to its purely informational nature or the irrelevance of the problems being discussed.

2. Style functions

The most important functions of the journalistic style are informational and influencing. The informational function of texts belonging to this style is that the authors of such texts aim to inform the widest possible circle of readers, viewers, and listeners about problems that are significant to society and about the authors’ views on these problems.

The information function is inherent in all styles of speech. The specificity of the information function in the journalistic style lies in the nature of the information, its sources and recipients.

Television programs, newspaper and magazine articles inform society about the most diverse aspects of its life: about parliamentary debates, about economic programs of the government and parties, about incidents and crimes, about the state of environment, O everyday life citizens.

Information in journalistic texts not only describes facts, but also reflects opinions, sentiments, and contains comments and reflections of the authors. This distinguishes it from scientific information. Another difference is due to the fact that journalistic works are not tasked with a complete comprehensive description of this or that phenomenon; the publicist strives to write, first of all, about what arouses interest among certain community groups, highlighting those aspects of life that are important to its potential audience.

Informing citizens about the state of affairs in socially significant areas is accompanied in journalistic texts by the implementation of the second most important function These styles are functions of influence. The goal of the publicist is not only to talk about the state of affairs in society, but also to convince the audience of the need for a certain attitude to the facts presented and the need for certain behavior. The journalistic style is characterized by open bias, polemicism, and emotionality, which is precisely caused by the desire of the publicist to prove the correctness of his position.

The function of influence is system-forming for the journalistic style; it is what distinguishes this style from other varieties of literary language. Although this function is also typical for official business and conversational style, it actively influences the selection of linguistic means in journalistic texts.

As an example of the implementation of these functions, let us consider a note from the Okrug newspaper dated August 4, 2001, entitled “Prince Vladimir is being exiled to the provinces.” The note has the subtitle “City officials support the Swedish commodity producer.” It informs about the purchase of Swedish Volvo cars by the Moscow government and the City Duma. At the same time, the note influences the reader, forming a certain attitude towards the position of managers who verbally campaign for support of the domestic commodity producer.

In various journalistic genres, which will be discussed later, one of these functions can act as a leading one, while it is important that the influence function does not displace the information function: the promotion of ideas useful to society should be based on complete and reliable information to the audience.

In addition to informational and influencing, journalistic style texts, of course, perform all other functions inherent in language:

· communicative,

· expressive,

· aesthetic.

3. General functions of language in a journalistic style

The communicative function is the main function of language and is manifested in all its forms. Since the journalistic style functions in the sphere of relationships between various social groups, the role of this style in supporting public communication is enormous. The communicative nature of the journalistic style lies in the fact that its texts are created not for internal use and not for a single addressee (although in these cases the communicative aspect is present), but for the widest possible audience. Being at a considerable distance in space, the author of a journalistic text strives to get closer to the addressee in time, in the subject of messages, as well as in speech stylistic features. Communication also involves feedback - the addressee's response. For this style, feedback is most clearly provided in a situation of public discussion, but not only here. For newspaper feedback are letters from readers, responses officials, articles sent in response to previous publications. Radio and television have moved from letters to telephone calls from listeners and viewers, during which they can ask questions, express their opinions, and talk about events known to them. Involving viewers in filming television programs in studios is also widely used. Modern interactive television is looking for new forms of maintaining contact with viewers.

The expressive function of language allows the speaker to express his feelings. A journalistic text usually clearly reflects the author’s personality and is distinguished by the author’s clearly expressed and emotionally charged attitude to the facts presented. Not all journalistic genres imply the expressiveness of the text to the same extent: it is less likely for an information note and more typical for an essay or pamphlet. On television, emotionality is less common in news broadcasts and is required in talk shows.

Here are some examples of expressive newspaper headlines:

"Old carriage on new way. Moscow does not say goodbye to Czech trams", "Secret census. Mosgorkomstat promises not to share information”, “The mushroom picker makes one mistake”, “You are taking your comrade on the right road! Three hours of socialism at Three Stations." These headings do not just indicate the topic of the message, but emotionally characterize the situation that the article describes.

The aesthetic function of a journalistic text is the author’s intention that the message, in its form in unity with the content, satisfy the aesthetic sense of the addressee.

Lesson topic: Features of journalistic style of speech.

Objective of the lesson: generalize and deepen knowledge on the topic “Publicistic style of speech”; strengthen spelling skills

Lesson objectives:

repeat information about previously studied speech styles;
repeat the main features of the journalistic style;
recognize statements of journalistic style when perceiving oral (on radio, television) and written (reading newspapers) speech;
improve skills in analyzing text of journalistic style.

Equipment:

computer class;
editor Microsoft Word;
V. Soloukhin’s statement “If you like, language is an ocean. Can be scooped and poured into containers various shapes. The same water takes the form of a bottle, a cube, an ancient Greek amphora, a crystal ball and a dirty puddle.” ( Application , 1 slide).

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

I. Organizational moment, motivation

The children's mood is that today's lesson is unusual - work in the computer class. One of the priority goals of today's education is the use of computer technology in school. Today in class the computer will become your assistant and consultant. Be attentive, focused, collected. I hope that everything will work out for you and me.

II. Announcing the topic of the lesson. Goal setting

– The topic of our lesson today is “Features of journalistic style of speech.” Based on the topic of the lesson, please determine the purpose of our lesson. (What are these features, how do they manifest themselves, in what genres, what is the scope of application of this style, linguistic means characteristic of this style).(Slide 2.)

III. Updating knowledge

1. Linguistic warm-up along the chain

– Read the words and put the stress in them correctly.

Offer, contract, prettier, began, began, call, facilitate, parterre, glimpse, quarter, scam, being, sentence, stamp, drug addiction, newborn, parterre, increase, customs, notify, petition, scoop, expert, wholesale.(3 slide)

2. Vocabulary dictation with mutual checking

– Explain the meaning of the highlighted words. (4 slide)

Activate, thank, generous, nuance, skepticism, think about it, dignity, college, exciting, dignity, justice, glorify, restless, fair, destroy, purposeful, honor, feelings, extremism, erect, communique, journalism.

Property, civilization, disinterested, criminogenic, corrupt, single-member, election campaign, alliance, parliamentary, investigative journalism, mercy, gratuitous, prosperity , devaluation, consolidation, consensus, journalism, socio-political vocabulary, feuilleton. (5 slide)

Choose words with the same root word by word (Publicist, journalist)
Compose a phrase with the word journalism (Publicistic style)
Remember what speech styles you know? (6 slide)

4) What style of speech do you think this group of words can be attributed to?

IV. Application of knowledge, skills and abilities in a new situation. Analysis of texts by groups.

Teacher's word. In past years, you and I turned to journalistic style texts. The ability to construct oral statements, debate, and defend one’s point of view are also manifestations of a journalistic style. Perhaps it is one’s own opinion, one’s own position that are the most characteristic signs of this style. Sometimes we, like Mr. Jourdain (“The Bourgeois in the Nobility” by Molière), who was surprised that it turns out that he had spoken in prose all his life, do not suspect that we are using a journalistic style.
Have you noticed that often in disputes we lack arguments, persuasiveness, the ability to listen and hear the interlocutor - then the dispute can develop into swearing, or even into a fight. In such a dispute, the truth will never be born.
If we approach this issue consciously, then we will be able to achieve more in our relationships with people: we will be able to convince them, influence them, gain understanding and support from them.
There is, however, some danger here. A person who has a good command of words and rhetorical techniques, who is able to ignite people with his speech, can turn his talent to good.
If a person has similar abilities, but lacks a moral core, he can cause great harm. The most striking example of such harm is the speeches of the leaders of Nazi Germany in front of their people, playing on the national feelings of the people. What a tragedy it all ended both for the whole world and for Germany itself is well known.
Many examples of the positive impact of journalism can be found in Russian history, starting with “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”

– Remember other examples of journalistic pathos in Russian literature. (“Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by A.N. Radishchev, poems by A.S. Pushkin “To Chaadaev”, “Message to Siberia”, M.Yu. Lermontov “Death of a Poet”, Lyrics by N.A. Nekrasov, articles by P Y. Chaadaev, V. G. Belinsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov, D. I. Pisarev, N. G. Chernyshevsky.)

– In your opinion, when does the role of journalistic works become stronger? (In the most acute times for the country, turning points history - Great Patriotic War, perestroika.)

– Mastery of a journalistic style of speech is necessary not only for journalists, but also lawyers, people involved in public activities, but also everyone who does not want to blindly follow someone else’s instructions and calls, who has their own opinion and wants to learn how to form it in the conditions of the modern information boom.

- Let's look at the table. She will help you when performing work (slides 7, 8)

Journalistic style of speech

VI. Do not replace text analysis with style characteristics (slide 9)

An incomparable example of stylistic text analysis

The text refers to the scientific style of speech. This style is used in statements (texts) addressed to many people, to everyone interested in a particular scientific problem. This style is used (the style is resorted to) in scientific literature, at scientific conferences, meetings, i.e. in an official setting. The purpose of speech (the purpose of the statement) is to convey scientific information (information of a theoretical nature), to explain the causes of properties and phenomena.
In a scientific description there is no author's assessment of the subject being described; the language is precise.
Botany terms used: words used in direct meaning. The first sentence is a logical definition. To create an accurate idea of the subject of speech, numbers and geographical names are used in the text.

VII. Group assignments

Group 1. Determine whether the text is journalistic and convincingly prove your case.

Our language is the most important part of our general behavior in life... And by the way a person speaks, we can immediately and easily judge who we are dealing with: we can determine the degree of intelligence of a person. The degree of his psychological balance.
You need to learn good, calm, intelligent speech for a long time and carefully - listening, remembering, noticing and studying.
You can study the Russian language all your life, but never fully learn it. This is an element, and like any element, it is immense.
But even though it is difficult, it is necessary, necessary. Our speech is the most important part of not only our behavior (as I already said), but also our personality, soul, mind.

D.S. Likhachev

Group 2. Analyze the text, find signs of a journalistic style (slide 10).

I realized that a person can know a great variety of words, can write them completely correctly and also correctly combine them in a sentence, etc. Grammar teaches us all this. But no grammar can determine in advance which words a person should choose, and in what order and subordination he should arrange them in order for his speech to be colorful, weighty, convincing, and accurate. In each individual case, he must decide for himself, and only himself.
Consequently, my main goal was to learn to use the language as best, more completely, more diversely as possible; to be able to choose from a huge number of words and expressions exactly what is needed under certain circumstances; to understand and, I would even say, feel linguistic material in all its shades, in all the variety of its forms and combinations.
And day after day, year after year, to the best of my ability, I strived and strive to achieve my intended goal.

M. Isakovsky

Group 3. What does the text say? What social phenomena cause concern to the author of the text?

The land, desecrated, ruined, dug up, burned, littered with the waste of others and our own of modern civilization, our recently pure, fertile land is today washed by the Great Water, cleansed by the New Flood. Even if in three hundred years, as after the Tatar-Mongol yoke, our endless and majestically beautiful land will be reborn and stretch from ocean to ocean. Will!
But the people who inhabited it? What will happen to him?
The people, the Rod is alive as long as it carefully preserves its language given to it. From the beginning. Word. Only it preserves the history of the Family, Culture, Customs. Saves the nation
Only the Word.
Let me remind you: With a word they resurrected the dead, charmed diseases, stopped bleeding. In a word they raised us to heroic deeds. “He knows his word!” - they talked about lucky.
“In the beginning was the Word,” says the Gospel of John. “There was life in him, and life was the light of men.”
How many times per recent years This gospel wisdom was pronounced and quoted! Quoted thoughtlessly and irresponsibly.
Alas! Language Russian, Russian Word dies, disappears. IN " Explanatory dictionary living Great Russian language”, compiled by V.I. Dahl, contains 200 thousand words. Ozhegov has 57 thousand. Where are they? Count how many Russian words you and your friends use? At best, five hundred, but most likely less.

M. Ganina

VIII. Warm-up – eye exercises

IX. Band performances

Memo for groups (slides No. 10, 11)

X. Summing up

Pay attention to the statement by V. Soloukhin. “You cannot attach a screw to a flower as an addition. You cannot attach paper clips to a string of pearls on a woman’s neck in the form of pendants. You cannot add the word wedding to the word palace. It is also impossible to explain why this cannot be done. It comes down to the ear for language, to taste, to the sense of language, and ultimately to the level of culture.”

XI. Homework

Optional:

Write an article for a newspaper about the school's anniversary.
Using Internet resources, compare the texts of newspaper articles of today with the old newspaper vocabulary (the difference is at least 10 years).
(For legal class) Prepare a journalistic article for the crime chronicle section. For example.

Crime chronicle. Citizen Koza lived in the village of NN with her seven minor children. Not far from the house of a mother of many children, citizen Volk, who was not working and had previously been repeatedly convicted, lived. Having carefully planned his crime in the absence of citizen Koza, the Wolf paid a visit to her minor children. Having violated private property by deception, the criminal stole six children and valuables. Arriving home, the mother learned about what had happened from the seventh child, who subsequently gave evidence to the criminal investigation department.
Through joint efforts internal organs and the public, the dangerous repeat offender was captured and isolated from society. The children and property were returned to citizen Koza.

Do the exercise. 385 (part 2)

TOPIC 5.PUBLICIST SPEECH STYLE

§ 1. Journalistic style of speech (general characteristics)

IN Latin there is a verb publicare- “make it a common property, open it to everyone” or “explain publicly, make it public.” The origin of the word is connected with it journalism. Journalism- this is a special type literary works, which highlight and explain current issues socio-political life, moral problems are raised.

The subject of journalism is life in society, economics, ecology - everything that concerns everyone.

Journalistic style used in the socio-political sphere of activity. This is the language of newspapers, socio-political magazines, propaganda radio and television programs, commentaries on documentaries, language of speeches at meetings, rallies, celebrations, etc. Journalistic style is speech activity in the field of politics in all the diversity of its meanings. The main means of journalistic style are designed not only for message, information, logical proof, but also for the emotional impact on the listener (audience).

Characteristic features of journalistic works are the relevance of the issue, political passion and imagery, sharpness and vividness of presentation. They are determined by the social purpose of journalism - by reporting facts, forming public opinion, and actively influencing the mind and feelings of a person.

Journalistic style is represented by many genres:

1. newspaper– essay, article, feuilleton, report;

2. television– analytical program, information message, live dialogue;

3. oratorical– speech at a rally, toast, debate;

4. communicative– press conference, “no tie” meeting, teleconferences;

§ 2. Functions of journalistic style

One of important features journalistic style is a combination within its framework of two functions of language: message functions(informative) and impact functions(expressive).

Message function is that the authors of journalistic texts inform a wide range of readers, viewers, and listeners about issues that are significant to society.

The information function is inherent in all styles of speech. Its specificity in the journalistic style lies in the subject and nature of the information, its sources and recipients. So, television programs, newspaper and magazine articles inform society about the most diverse aspects of its life: about parliamentary debates, about the economic programs of the government and parties, about incidents and crimes, about the state of the environment, about the everyday life of citizens.

The way of presenting information in a journalistic style also has its own distinctive features. Information in journalistic texts not only describes facts, but also reflects the assessment, opinions, and sentiments of the authors, and contains their comments and reflections. This distinguishes it, for example, from official business information. Another difference in the provision of information is due to the fact that the publicist strives to write selectively - first of all, about what is of interest to certain social groups, he highlights only those aspects of life that are important to his potential audience.

Informing citizens about the state of affairs in socially significant areas is accompanied in journalistic texts by the implementation of the second most important function of this style - impact functions. The goal of the publicist is not only to talk about the state of affairs in society, but also to convince the audience of the need for a certain attitude towards the facts presented and the need for the desired behavior. Therefore, the journalistic style is characterized by open bias, polemicism, and emotionality (which is caused by the desire of the publicist to prove the correctness of his position).

In various journalistic genres, one of the two named functions can act as the leading one, while it is important that the influence function does not displace the information function: the promotion of ideas useful to society should be based on complete and reliable information to the audience.

§ 3. Linguistic features of journalistic style of speech

Lexical features

1. In the journalistic style there are always ready-made standard formulas (or speech clichés), which are not of an individual authorial, but of a social nature: warm support, lively response, sharp criticism, bringing basic order etc. As a result of repeated repetitions, these cliches often turn into boring (erased) cliches: radical changes, radical reforms.

Speech patterns reflect the nature of time. Many clichés are already outdated, for example: sharks of imperialism, growing pains, servants of the people, enemy of the people. On the contrary, they were newfangled for the official press of the late 90s. became words and expressions: elite, struggle of elites, elite of the criminal world, top financial elite, promote, virtual, image, iconic figure, power pie, child of stagnation, wooden ruble, injection of lies.

Numerous examples of speech cliches are part of the so-called journalistic phraseology, which allows you to quickly and accurately provide information: peaceful offensive, the power of dictatorship, ways of progress, security issue, package of proposals.

2. The relationship between the sender and the addressee in a journalistic style is similar to the relationship between an actor and the audience. "Theatrical" vocabulary – the second striking feature of the journalistic style. It permeates all journalistic texts: political show , on politicalarena , behind the scenes struggle,role leader,dramatic events famous in politicstrick , nightmarescenario etc.

3. A characteristic feature of the journalistic style is emotional and evaluative vocabulary. This assessment is not individual, but social in nature. For example, words with a positive rating: asset, mercy, thoughts, dare, prosperity; words with a negative rating: instill, philistine, sabotage, racism, impersonality.

4. In a journalistic style special place belongs to book layers of vocabulary that have a solemn, civil-pathetic, rhetorical coloring: dare, erect, self-sacrifice, army, fatherland. The use of Old Church Slavonicisms also gives the text a pathetic tone: accomplishments, power, guardian etc.

5. Texts of journalistic style often contain military terminology: guard, height assault, front line, line of fire, direct fire, strategy, mobilization of reserves. But it is used, naturally, not in its direct meaning, but figuratively (in texts with these words we can talk, for example, about harvesting, commissioning new production facilities, etc.).

6. Passive words may be used as an evaluative means in journalism. vocabulary– archaisms. For example: Dollar and his healers . Military profits grow.

Morphological characteristics

We include the frequency use of certain grammatical forms of parts of speech as morphological features of journalistic style. This:

1) singular plural noun: Russian man always had endurance; Teacher always knows student ;

2) genitive case of a noun: timechange , plastic bagproposals , reformprices , exit fromcrisis etc.;

3) imperative verb forms: Stay with us on channel one!

4) present tense of the verb: in Moscowopens , April 3begins ;

5) participles on - washed:driven, weightless, attracted;

6) derived prepositions: in the area, on the way, on the basis, in the name of, in the light, in the interests of, taking into account.

Syntactic features

The syntactic features of a journalistic style include frequently repeated, as well as types of sentences (syntactic constructions) that are specific in nature. Among them:

1) rhetorical questions: Will the Russian man survive? Do Russians want war?

2) exclamatory sentences: Everyone's off to the polls!

3) sentences with modified reverse order: The army is at war with nature(cf.: The army is at war with nature).The exception was mining industry enterprises(compare: Enterprises were an exception);

4) headings of articles, essays that perform an advertising function: Small troubles of a large fleet. Winter is a hot season.

Headlines often use a specific language device – " connection of the incompatible." It makes it possible, using minimal linguistic means, to reveal the internal inconsistency of an object or phenomenon: a toiling parasite, repeated uniqueness, gloomy gaiety, eloquent silence.

Questions and tasks

1. Where is the journalistic style of speech used?

2. Name the genres of journalism.

3. Tell us about the functions of the journalistic style (informative and expressive).

4. What are the linguistic features of the journalistic style of speech (lexical, morphological, syntactic)?

5. What technique do journalists use in the headlines of articles and essays?

Structural and logical diagram of "Genres of journalistic style of speech"

The word journalistic is derived from the Latin word publicus, which means “public, state”. The words journalistic (socio-political literature on modern, topical topics) and publicist (author of works on socio-political topics) have the same root as the word journalistic. Etymologically, all these words are related to the word public, which has two meanings: 1) visitors, spectators, listeners; 2) people, people.

The purpose of the journalistic style of speech- informing, transmitting socially significant information with a simultaneous influence on the reader, listener, convincing him of something, instilling in him certain ideas, views, inducing him to certain actions.

The scope of use of journalistic style of speech- socio-economic, political, cultural relations.

Genres of journalism- article in a newspaper, magazine, essay, report, interview, feuilleton, oratory, judicial speech, speech on radio, television, at a meeting, report.

The journalistic style of speech is characterized by logic, imagery, emotionality, evaluativeness, appeal and their corresponding linguistic means. It widely uses socio-political vocabulary and various types of syntactic constructions.

A journalistic text is often constructed as a scientific argument: an important social problem is put forward, possible ways to solve it are analyzed and evaluated, generalizations and conclusions are made, the material is arranged in a strict logical sequence, and general scientific terminology is used. This brings him closer to the scientific style.

Publicistic speeches are distinguished by reliability, accuracy of facts, specificity, and strict validity. This also brings him closer to the scientific style of speech. On the other hand, journalistic speech is characterized by passion and appeal. The most important requirement for journalism is accessibility: it is intended for a wide audience and must be understandable to everyone.

The journalistic style has much in common with the artistic style of speech. In order to effectively influence the reader or listener, his imagination and feelings, the speaker or writer uses epithets, comparisons, metaphors and other figurative means, resorts to colloquial and even colloquial words and expressions, phraseological expressions that enhance the emotional impact of speech.

The journalistic articles of literary critics V.G. are widely known. Belinsky, N.A. Dobrolyubova, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.V. Shelgunov, historians S.M. Solovyova, V.O. Klyuchevsky, philosophers V.V. Rozanova, N.A. Berdyaev, speeches by outstanding Russian lawyers A.F. Koni, F.N. Gobber. M. Gorky turned to journalistic genres (the cycles “On Modernity”, “In America”, “Notes on Philistinism”, “Untimely Thoughts”), V.G. Korolenko (letters to A.V. Lunacharsky), M.A. Sholokhov, A.N. Tolstoy, L.M. Leonov. Writers S.P. are known for their journalistic articles. Zalygin, V.G. Rasputin, D.A. Granin, V.Ya. Lakshin, academician D.S. Likhachev.

The journalistic style (as mentioned earlier) includes the speech of the defense attorney or prosecutor in court. And the fate of a person often depends on their oratory and their ability to speak.

In the journalistic style the following words are often used: with the prefixes a-, anti-, de-, inter-, time- (s-); with the suffixes -i(ya), -tsi(ya), -izatsi(ya), -ism, -ist; with roots close in meaning to the prefixes, all-, general-, super-.

The vocabulary of the journalistic style is characterized by the use of figurative means, figurative meaning of words, words with a strong emotional connotation.

The means of emotional influence used in this style of speech are diverse. For the most part they resemble figurative and expressive means of artistic style of speech with the difference, however, that their main purpose is not the creation of artistic images, but rather the influence on the reader, listener, convincing him of something and informing, transmitting information.

Emotional means of expressive language can include epithets (including those that are an appendix), comparisons, metaphors, rhetorical questions and appeals, lexical repetitions, gradation. Gradation is sometimes combined with repetition (not a single week, not a single day, not a single minute can be lost); it can be enhanced by grammatical means: the use of gradational conjunctions and conjunctions (not only..., but also; not only..., but and; not only …, How many). This includes phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, colloquial figures of speech (including colloquialisms); the use of literary images, quotes, linguistic means of humor, irony, satire (witty comparisons, ironic inserts, satirical retelling, parody, puns).

Emotional means of language are combined in a journalistic style with strict logical evidence, semantic highlighting of particularly important words, phrases, and individual parts of the statement.

Socio-political vocabulary is replenished as a result of borrowings, new formations and the revival of previously known words, but which have received a new meaning (for example: entrepreneur, business, market, etc.).

In the journalistic style of speech, as in the scientific style, nouns in the genitive case are often used as an inconsistent definition of the type of voice of the world, neighboring countries. In sentences, verbs in the imperative mood and reflexive verbs often act as predicates.

The syntax of this style of speech is characterized by the use of homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, participial and participial phrases, and complex syntactic constructions.