What is it with a separate circumstance? Isolation of participles and participial phrases

Separation is the semantic and intonation highlighting of minor members of a sentence to give them greater independence in comparison with other members. Isolated members of a sentence contain an element of an additional message. The additional nature of the message is formed through semi-predicative relations, that is, the relationship of a separate component with the entire grammatical basis. An isolated component expresses an independent event. This is a generally polypropositive sentence.

The distinctions are different. There are separate definitions, circumstances and additions. The main members of the proposal are not isolated. Examples:

Separate definition: The boy, who had fallen asleep in an uncomfortable position right on the suitcase, shuddered.

Special circumstance: Sashka sat on the windowsill, fidgeting in place and swinging his legs.

Separate addition: I heard nothing except the ticking of the alarm clock.

Most often, definitions and circumstances are isolated. Isolated parts of a sentence are highlighted intonationally in oral speech, and punctuationally in written speech.

Separate definitions are divided into:

Agreed

inconsistent

The child, who had fallen asleep in my arms, suddenly woke up.

(agreed separate definition, expressed by participial phrase)

Lyoshka, in an old jacket, was no different from the village children.

(inconsistent isolated definition)

Agreed Definition

The agreed separate definition is expressed:

participial phrase: The child who was sleeping in my arms woke up.

two or more adjectives or participles: The child, well-fed and satisfied, quickly fell asleep.

Note:

A single agreed definition is also possible if the word being defined is a pronoun, for example:

He, full, quickly fell asleep.

Inconsistent definition

An inconsistent isolated definition is most often expressed by noun phrases and refers to pronouns or proper names. Examples: How could you, with your intelligence, not understand her intention?

An inconsistent isolated definition is possible both in the position after and in the position before the word being defined. If an inconsistent definition refers to a defined word expressed by a common noun, then it is isolated only in the position after it:

The guy in the baseball cap kept looking around.

Definition structure

The structure of the definition may vary. They differ:

single definition: excited girl;

two or three single definitions: girl, excited and happy;

a common definition expressed by the phrase: the girl, excited by the news she received,...

1. Single definitions are isolated regardless of the position relative to the word being defined, only if the word being defined is expressed by a pronoun: She, excited, could not sleep.(single isolated definition after the word being defined, expressed by a pronoun) Excited, she could not sleep.(single isolated definition before the word being defined, expressed by a pronoun)

2. Two or three single definitions are isolated if they appear after the word being defined, expressed by a noun: The girl, excited and happy, could not fall asleep for a long time.

If the defined word is expressed by a pronoun, then isolation is also possible in the position before the defined member: Excited and happy, she could not fall asleep for a long time.(isolation of several single definitions before the word being defined - pronoun)

3. A common definition expressed by a phrase is isolated if it refers to the defined word expressed by a noun and comes after it: The girl, excited by the news she received, could not fall asleep for a long time.(a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, comes after the word being defined, expressed by a noun). If the word being defined is expressed by a pronoun, then the common definition can be in a position either after or before the word being defined: Excited by the news she received, she could not sleep for a long time. She, excited by the news she received, could not sleep for a long time.

Separate definitions with additional adverbial meaning

Definitions preceding the word being defined are separated if they have additional adverbial meanings. These can be both common and single definitions, standing immediately before the defined noun, if they have an additional adverbial meaning (causal, conditional, concessional, etc.). In such cases, the attributive phrase is easily replaced by a subordinate clause of the reason with the conjunction because, subordinate clause conditions with conjunction If, subordinate assignment with conjunction Although. To check the presence of an adverbial meaning, you can use the replacement of the attributive phrase with a phrase with the word being: if such a replacement is possible, then the definition is separated. For example: Severely ill, the mother could not go to work.(additional meaning of reason) Even when she was sick, the mother went to work.(additional value of concession).

Thus, various factors are important for separation:

1) what part of speech the word being defined is expressed by, 2) what is the structure of the definition, 3) what is the definition expressed by, 4) does it express additional adverbial meanings.

Dedicated Applications

Application- This special kind definition expressed by a noun in the same number and case as the noun or pronoun that it defines: jumping dragonfly, beauty maiden. The application could be:

1) single: Mishka, the fidget, tormented everyone;

2) common: Mishka, a terrible fidget, tormented everyone.

An application, both single and widespread, is isolated if it refers to a defined word expressed by a pronoun, regardless of the position: both before and after the defined word:

He is an excellent doctor and helped me a lot.

Great doctor, he helped me a lot.

A common application is isolated if it appears after the defined word expressed by a noun:

My brother, an excellent doctor, treats our entire family.

A single non-widespread application is isolated if the word being defined is a noun with explanatory words: He saw his son, the baby, and immediately began to smile.

Any application is isolated if it appears after a proper name: Mishka, the neighbor's son, is a desperate tomboy.

An application expressed by a proper name is isolated if it serves to clarify or explain: And the neighbor’s son, Mishka, a desperate tomboy, started a fire in the attic.

The application is isolated in the position before the defined word - a proper name, if at the same time an additional adverbial meaning is expressed. The architect from God, Gaudi, could not conceive an ordinary cathedral.

(why? for what reason?)

Application with union How is isolated if the shade of the reason is expressed:

On the first day, as a beginner, everything turned out worse for me than for others.

Note:

Single applications that appear after the word being defined and are not distinguished by intonation during pronunciation are not isolated, because merge with it:

In the darkness of the entrance, I did not recognize Mishka the neighbor.

Note:

Separate applications can be punctuated not with a comma, but with a dash, which is placed if the application is especially emphasized by voice and highlighted by a pause.

New Year is coming soon - children's favorite holiday.

Lesson objectives:

developing skills to distinguish derivative prepositions from synonymous parts of speech;
correctly use punctuation marks when isolating circumstances expressed by gerunds, participial phrases and nouns with prepositions;
correctly use adverbial phrases in speech.

I. Reporting the topic of the lesson

The topic of our lesson today is isolated circumstances expressed by gerunds and nouns with prepositions.

II. Repetition of spelling of prepositions

1. Working with a table.

But first look at the board and tell me what parts of speech are written on the board?

Can you answer this question out of context? (No)

Board:

Table No. 1

Of course, you can't answer this question without context. Then choose the words so that it is clear that these are prepositions.

Write these words in table No. 1.

What are these prepositions called? (Derivatives)

Why? (Since they are derived from independent parts of speech).

Enter in your table from which parts of speech these derivative prepositions are formed.

What is special about writing prepositions in the first column? (At the end it is written e , in contrast to synonymous nouns, in which the form gender, date, preposition. cases are written at the end And )

What is special about writing prepositions in the second column? (They are written together, just like prepositions despite And regardless of )

How to distinguish derived prepositions from independent parts of speech? (Derived prepositions can be replaced with another preposition; between the preposition and the noun you can insert an adjective or pose a question, for example:

Come out to meet guests
go out to a (friendly) meeting with friends
Go out (towards whom?) to meet the guests
go out (where?) towards
Go out to meet (long-awaited) guests
Come out to meet (to) guests

Derivative prepositions formed from
nouns with prepositions		participles
apart
Throughout the year (when?)	Due to error = due to	Despite privileges (= although) despite what?
During the month (when?	Because of the rain = because of	Despite the rain (= although) despite what?
In conclusion of the article = at the end, in the end	Like a raft (like)	Thanks to labor (= because of) what?
Unlike others	About the excursion (=about)
	Towards a friend (= to)

II. Analysis of proposals using table No. 2

Carefully study table No. 2

Find the circumstances in the sentences and explain the punctuation using them using the table. Highlight the grammatical bases of sentences, make sentence diagrams

Isolation of circumstances expressed
participles		Nouns with prepositions
Separate themselves	Not isolated	Separate themselves	Not isolated
1. Participles with dependent words, as well as two or more gerunds, related to one verb. From the Urals to the Danube, to big river The shelves move, swaying and sparkling.	3. Participles in dependent words, turned into stable figures of speech that have become integral expressions (usually they come after the verb to which they refer: carelessly, rolling up sleeves, headlong, without taking a breath, etc.): We will work with our sleeves rolled up (together, persistently) But : Father rolled up his sleeves and washed his hands thoroughly.	10.Nouns with pretext despite : The next morning, despite the begging of the owners, Daria Alexandrovna got ready to go.	14.Isolation of other circumstances expressed by nouns with prepositions is not mandatory.
2. Single gerunds, if they Adverbs have no meaning (usually they come before the verb): Having made some noise, the river calmed down and returned to its banks.	4.Single gerunds that have the meaning of a simple adverb, acting as an adverbial modifier of action (usually placed after the verb: Yakov did not walk in a hurry.	(slowly) 11.More often all the circumstances reasons with prepositions thanks, according to, in view of, as a result of, or with prepositional combinations
	for a reason, by chance, for lack of, by force, etc. 5. Participles in dependent words,: closely merging with the verb in meaning	The old man sat with his head down. 12.Circumstances conditions with prepositional combinations
	in the presence, in the absence, provided, etc. 6.Groups of homogeneous members, consisting of an adverb and a gerund:	The boy answered questions frankly and without any embarrassment. 13.Circumstances
	concessions with pretext in spite of 7.If a gerund has a conjunctive word as a dependent word which: as part of a subordinate clause
	To the right there was a door, through which one could enter the corridor leading to the stage. 8. Turnover with words based on(meaning based on), depending on ( meaning “in accordance with something”):
	We will act depending on the circumstances. 9.If before the participial phrase there is an intensifying particle and:

You can leave without waiting for an answer.
1. One of the monks left the boy in the monastery and, having cured him, began preparing him to become a monk.

Comment: the solitary participle is isolated, because has the meaning of an additional action and comes before the verb.
Comment: the participial construction cannot be torn away from the conjunction, removed from the sentence or rearranged from another place without destroying the structure of the sentence.

3. One gets the impression that, while describing the genre of the small epic in the article, Gogol was largely analyzing the main work of his life.
Comment: the participial phrase after the subordinating conjunction is separated from it by a comma.

4. The hero, without hesitation, decides to get a job building a dam, because of which the island will be flooded.
Comment: a single participle closely merges in meaning with the verb, we can replace it with the adverb “quickly”

5. The soldiers listened to Vasily Terkin with bated breath. [- =]
Comment: the participial phrase has turned into a stable phrase.

6. Oblomov, due to his upbringing with mothers and nannies, turned into a weak-willed person, incapable of work.

In the Russian language there is such a thing as isolation, which is a way of clarifying and highlighting certain words in a statement. Only minor members of a sentence have the ability to be isolated, and thanks to this feature they are endowed with greater independence, unlike non-isolated ones. Such words are used to present information in more detail and highlight certain part statements. Definitions, additions and circumstances may be separate. This article will focus specifically on the circumstance and its features.

Special circumstances

First, you need to determine how an isolated circumstance differs from an ordinary one. To do this, remember the definition of this member offers. So, a circumstance is a member of a sentence that plays a secondary role and can be expressed as a prepositional-case construction, phraseology, participle or phrase and infinitive. It can indicate an action performed by a person or object, the method, purpose, condition and place of action, as well as the attribute of the object about which we're talking about in a sentence. The circumstance answers a huge number of questions, such as: where? Where? where? Why? For what? in spite of what? under what condition? Isolated circumstance, just like a simple one, can have huge number meanings, but in writing it is distinguished by commas, and in oral speech by intonation. For example: Stumbling, she could barely stay on her feet. Despite the tension, it was a beautiful day.

Participles and participial phrases

An isolated circumstance in a sentence can be expressed as a single gerund or have dependent words. In writing, such a circumstance is always highlighted with commas on both sides. It can be used regardless of the location of the grammatical basis in the sentence. For example:

Lying on the bed, she looked at the ceiling.
She sat in the garden, enjoying the fresh air.
She was running around the shops, looking for a suitable outfit.

Quite often in a sentence you can find a homogeneous isolated circumstance or, in other words, several simple participles in one sentence, and they can refer to different predicates. For example:

Laughing and jumping, she, inspired, rushed towards the wind.

Non-isolated participles

It is worth noting that circumstances expressed by gerunds or phrases may not be isolated in such cases:

If the participle has the meaning of an adverb. For example: Natasha closed the door and sat motionless(equivalent to the adverb motionless). The exceptions are such introductory phrases with the meaning of an adverb, such as: frankly speaking, in fact, noting in passing and others. For example: Actually, I came to talk.
If a gerund is part of a stable phrase or phraseological unit, it is not isolated and does not stand out in writing in any way. For example: I rush towards the meeting headlong.

Prepositional case form

Circumstances that are expressed by prepositional-case forms of nouns are isolated for semantic emphasis, explanation or specification. Most often, such an isolated circumstance is used to indicate a place, time or manner of action and depends only on the semantic load. When pronounced, it is distinguished by intonation, and when written, by commas. In this case, the syntactic connection with the predicate is weakened, but along with the meaning of time, the reason for the action or in spite of what it happened is indicated. For example:

Ivan, after receiving a decisive refusal, went home and did not leave the room for a long time, locking himself away from everyone.
With the approach of the enemy, the boy’s gaze not only did not become more serious, but became more frivolous.

Along with case forms of nouns, expressed only by semantic load, there are often isolations using prepositions or prepositional combinations, such as: due to, despite, in spite of, thanks to, due to, as a result of, provided, in case and so on. For example:

Despite wanting to go with him, she refused.
Despite the rain, they went for a walk.

Punctuation marks in isolated circumstances

Sentences with isolated circumstances can cause some difficulties when written, since it is quite difficult to correctly place punctuation marks in them. And most schoolchildren, when writing down such statements, make a lot of mistakes. However, the main thing here is to learn a few simple rules, knowing which difficulties when writing a proposal can be avoided.

Punctuation rules

The participial phrase is always, regardless of its location in the sentence, separated by commas on both sides. (For example: She ran out into the street without putting on a hat; shuddering from the cold. He went inside the house; the girls, laughing and quietly talking, passed by unnoticed.)
If an adverbial phrase is used next to a conjunction, it is separated from it by a comma. Neither conjunctions nor allied words are included in it. (For example: She smiled at her friend and, jumping over the puddle, ran home.) The only exception here can be the conjunction “a”, placed before the participial phrase. In this case, the union may be included in the turnover. (For example: you need to understand what the meaning of life is, and having understood this, convey it to others.)
If there are several adverbial phrases following each other in a sentence, then punctuation marks between them are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members. (For example: He approached, staggering and holding the lady by the elbow with one hand, and slowly waving an umbrella with the other.)
If participial phrases in one sentence refer to different predicates, then each of them is separated by commas separately. (For example: Pushing the door with his foot, he jumped into the street and, not paying any attention to passers-by, rushed away.)

Exercises to reinforce the material

To consolidate the acquired theoretical knowledge, you should Special attention devote to practical exercises. That is why in school course a huge number of hours are devoted to the Russian language to consolidate such complex topic. So, first you should learn to isolate isolated circumstances from the context orally, relying only on intonation, and then move on to written tasks. Sentences in which students are asked to read expressively, and then place commas according to intonation and explain why this punctuation mark should be there, are ideal for this. In this way, the child will learn to apply the learned punctuation rules in practice. After children learn to identify participial phrases and prepositional-case forms of nouns as isolated circumstances, the task can be complicated by offering statements with conjunctions or allied words for analysis. It should be noted that before proceeding with the definition of isolated circumstances, it is necessary to highlight the grammatical basis in the sentence. Further, the task can be complicated by presenting the children with complex compound sentences with several grammatical stems and homogeneous isolated circumstances.

The opinions of linguists about what a gerund is are divided. Some believe that it refers to a special form of the verb, others suggest that it is an independent part of speech. We will support the second option.

The participle is an independent part of speech. It contains the signs of an adverb and a verb, shows when, why and how an action is performed by a predicate verb, and has an additional effect. If the participle in a sentence is not alone, but has words dependent on it, then this set of words is called a participial phrase. The article will tell you how and when to separate gerunds in a sentence.

What is separation?

In Russian, the concept of isolation is a way of clarifying and highlighting a certain set of words in a sentence. Only members of a sentence that are secondary can be isolated; this is how they differ from non-isolated members. Isolations are necessary so that the reader can more accurately understand the described picture of the action taking place. Not only lonely gerunds, but also participle phrases can be isolated.

Examples of single gerunds

If an isolated adverbial clause does not have dependent words in the sentence, then it is called a single gerund. While writing a proposal this part Speeches are always separated by commas on both sides.

The location of the gerund in a sentence can be anywhere. Here are examples of correctly separating single gerunds with commas:

Staring, she could not utter a word.
When I returned, I found my sister at home.
Without training, you cannot achieve success in sports.

Accordingly, the following gerunds were highlighted with a comma:

staring;
having returned;
without training.

In the letter you can find several repeated participles. They are called homogeneous. At the same time, they are separated by commas and separated by this punctuation mark as separate parts of speech. Examples of such sentences:

Laughing, humming and spinning, Natasha hurried to her first date.
Chuckling and winking, Pasha closed the door.
She was silent, angry, but cowardly.

Homogeneous gerunds in a sentence can refer to different predicates. For example: Playing and laughing, she, inspired, rushed towards her dreams.

Separating single gerunds with commas

Isolation of single gerundial participles occurs in the following cases:

If the gerund plays the role of the second predicate in a sentence. Preserves the meaning of the verb. Indicates the condition, cause or time of an action, but not its image. Having run away, Marina lost her purse. After the holiday, the guests left without calming down.
If in your mind you can check the sentence by replacing the gerund with a verb, or make a complex one from a simple sentence. When Marina ran away, she rubbed her purse. The guests, although they did not calm down after the holiday, left.

Isolation of single gerunds does not occur if:

A single gerund has lost its verbal meaning or has a close connection with the predicate. Masha ran into the room without knocking. Zhenya climbed down from the tree silently and slowly.
If gerunds are circumstances of the manner of action and they cannot be replaced by verbs. Zhenya got down silently and took his time.
If a single gerund can be replaced with a noun. Masha ran into the room without knocking.

Identification of single gerunds depending on their location in a sentence

The separation of gerunds may not occur if they are at the beginning or end of the sentence, but in the middle they are separated by commas. Let's compare two sentences:

Tanya tried on the slippers slowly.
On the way, slowly, Tanya admired the flowers.

In the first sentence, the participle is not separated by commas, since it is represented by a circumstance of the manner of action. It can be replaced with the word “leisurely”.

In the second sentence, the gerund represents the adverbial reason (“since I was in no hurry”).

How is an adverbial phrase formed?

If a sentence contains a part of speech that answers the questions “by doing what?”, “by doing what?” and called a gerund, with dependent words, then this set of words is usually called a participial phrase.

In a sentence, this phrase always performs the function of an adverbial circumstance and relates to the verb, as it denotes an additional action. Additional actions are performed by the same person, phenomenon or thing that performs the main actions.

Examples of participial phrases

The separation of gerunds and participial phrases occurs regardless of where they stand in relation to the predicate verb. For example:

All day long, dark clouds walked across the sky, first revealing the sun, then covering it again.
Walking next to his mother, the baby looked at her in surprise and fascination.
Joy, while bringing happiness to some people, gave others inescapable grief.
I looked at the sunrise without taking my eyes off.
The baby, following his mother's hand, made the same movements.

What do you need to remember when using gerunds and participial phrases in a sentence?

The basic rules for using participial phrases when writing text are as follows:

Expressed by a predicate verb, the main action and the additional action expressed by the participial phrase must relate to one person, object or phenomenon.
Most often, the isolation of circumstances expressed by gerunds and participial phrases is used when writing a one-part, definitely personal sentence, as well as with a verb in the imperative mood.
If the sentence is impersonal in the infinitive, then it is also possible to use the participial phrase.
The isolation of gerunds and the isolation of circumstances are one and the same, since the gerund expresses a sign of circumstance in a sentence.

In what cases are gerunds and participial phrases not separated by commas?

Isolation of circumstances expressed by gerunds and participial phrases is not carried out if:

Circumstances are connected by the conjunction “and” with a non-isolated circumstance or predicate. She hated him and accepted his signs of attention. Dasha played noisily and screamed with joy.
Circumstances come closer to adverbs. They lose their additional meaning and acquire the value of a sign of action. This:

gerunds that have become phraseological units (without closing your eyes, rolling up your sleeves, headlong, opening your mouth, and others). For example: Petya worked carelessly. But, rolling up her sleeves, she washed her hands in the bath. It should be remembered that phraseological introductory phrases (apparently, in other words, in fact, others) are separated by a comma.
participles that carry the main semantic load. Without them, the predicate does not fully express the thought. This part of speech usually comes after the predicate. The “adverbiality” of these gerunds is obvious in sentences where there is a group of homogeneous members - gerunds and adverbs. For example: He answered me without embarrassment and frankly. Without being embarrassed- this is a gerund, and frankly- adverb.

Commas do not distinguish gerunds containing the dependent word “which” in all their variations. He wanted to get rid of the letter, reading which he recalled his recent grief.

What should we distinguish from gerunds?

Isolating gerunds, many do not think that these could be adverbs or prepositions.

The following adverbs are distinguished:

happily;
sneaking;
joking;
silently;
sitting;
standing;
lying down and others.

The gerunds that are the same as these words retain an additional effect. This occurs during formation and connection with other gerunds. Anya rode standing all the way. He will do this job jokingly (easy). These sentences use adverbs.

Standing at the top, Anya looked down. All the way, having fun and playing, Yana did not close her mouth. In these sentences, commas separate the participial phrase in the first sentence and homogeneous participles in the second sentence.

Prepositions include: starting from, based on. Commas are not used, since the adverbial part can be removed from the sentence and its meaning will not change. It is snowing starting from the night (goes from the night).

Isolation of participles and gerunds: what is the difference?

Participial and adverbial phrases perform different functions in a sentence and have the following morphological differences:

A participial phrase or single participle refers to the word (noun or pronoun) being defined. The gerund or participial phrase is closely related to the predicate verb. In this case, the participle changes according to numbers, gender, cases, has a complete and short form, and the gerund is an unchangeable word form.
The participial phrase and the participle serve as a definition in a sentence, and the gerund and participial phrases act as various circumstances.
Participles and gerunds are distinguished by suffixes. Participles have suffixes such as -ush-(-yush-), -ash-(-yash)- -vsh-, -sh- y active participles and - om-(-em-), -im-- -enn-, -nn-, -t- for the passive. While gerunds have the following suffixes: -a-, -ya-, -ucha-, -yuchi-, -v-, -lice-, -shi-.

If a sentence contains a conjunction next to an adverbial phrase, they are separated by a comma. Unions are not included in circulation. For example: He smiled at his friend and, jumping over the puddle, ran home. The exception is the conjunction “a”, which comes before the participial phrase. In this case, it is included in circulation. For example: A person needs to understand what the meaning of life is, and having understood this, he will tell others.
If a sentence consists of several participial phrases or single participles, then commas are placed between them as when listing homogeneous members of the sentence. For example: She approached, staggering and holding her friend by the shoulder with one hand and holding the other on her belt.
If one sentence contains several participial phrases relating to different predicates, then each of them is separated by commas. For example: Pushing the gate with his foot, he ran out onto the road and, not paying attention to the people, rushed away.
The participial phrase is always separated by commas on both sides.

Isolating participles will not cause problems if you learn to correctly identify this part of speech in any sentence.

How to help your child consolidate the material he has learned?

After the child has studied the theoretical material, he should be encouraged to consolidate it with practical exercises.

Initially, children must work orally with sentences and learn to find participial phrases and single gerunds in them. After this, students should be asked to write sentences and place them. In addition, the child should explain his choice in placing commas.

After children have mastered simple sentences, you can give them sentences with conjunctions and allied words. At the same time, before finding an adverbial phrase or a single participle, the grammatical basis should be highlighted.

They complicate the task with complex compound sentences that have several grammatical bases and homogeneous participial phrases.

Target: deepen the concepts of the syntactic role of gerunds and participial phrases, repeat the morphology of verbs and gerunds, suffixes of gerunds;
further development the ability to see sentences in the text with separate definitions and applications, the ability to highlight them with intonation and punctuation marks;
repeat spelling Not with the sacrament, - n- And - nn- in participles, derivative prepositions.

During the classes.

1 . Separate:(write on the board)

distinguish from the general, creating a special position from others;
in grammar: to intonationally highlight some semantic segment within a sentence.

S.I.Ozhegov

We continue this topic, consolidating what we have learned about isolated applications and definitions and dwelling in more detail on isolated circumstances, understanding the importance of intonation and semantic highlighting of these phrases and the even greater need correct setting punctuation marks in a sentence.

2. Fragments of the homework are checked on the board (test tasks in the Russian language are used. Author A.B. Malyushkin, Moscow 2007, Sfera Publishing House).

1) The first student enters the correct answers to the tests into the table.

№ 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answers 3 1 2 4 1 1

a) the spelling is explained not with an adjective and participle,
b) analysis is done based on the composition of the word connected,
c) task No. 3 is explained and characteristics of proposal No. 2 are given

(narrative, non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate circumstance).

2) The second student gives answers to tasks No. 4,5,6,

a) explains the spelling -n-, -nn- in the second task,
b) parses the word according to its composition preserved and analysis of this word as parts of speech.

3. At this time, work takes place with the class.

a) I remember the general nature of the isolation of secondary members, which, as a rule, indicate some additional action, some additional feature.
b) Isolated secondary members are characteristic primarily of book speech. They are very widely used in fiction.
c) Students give examples from the text homework: (punctuation marks and missing letters) are filled in by students:

Text.

1. Panikovsky and Balaganov rolled silently on the carpet, standing and kicking out their legs.

2. They wandered through the streets, pale, disappointed, dull with grief. 3. Bender walked behind everyone with his head down and automatically purring. In the depths under the canopy the Antelope was yellow. Kozlevich was sitting on the tavern porch. Puffing sweetly, he pulled hot tea from the saucer. He was blissful.

“Adam!” said the great schemer, stopping in front of the driver. - We are out of stock. We are beggars, Adam! Welcome us! We are dying.
Kozlevich stood up. The commander, humiliated and poor, stood before him with his head uncovered. Adam Kazimirovich's bright Polish eyes blurred with tears. He came down the steps and hugged all the Antelopeans one by one.
“Taxi is free!” he said, swallowing tears of pity. - Please sit down.
Panikovsky cried, covering his face with his fists and whispering:
- What a heart! Honest, noble heart! What a heart!

Questions:

Specify all separate members sentences using punctuation marks.
Name the work and its author.
For what purpose do I. Ilf and E. Petrov use separate members?
(They help writers describe the subject in detail in an economical manner)
Explain the spelling of words with missing letters.

4. Let us turn to the texts of A.S. Pushkin and M. Gorky.

Nothing to do. She,
Full of black envy
Throwing the mirror under the bench,
She called the black girl to her place
And punishes her
Hay to his girlfriend,
News to the princess in the depths of the forest...

b) M. Gorky in the story “Childhood” describes his grandmother:
“She tells fairy tales quietly, mysteriously, leaning towards my face, looking into my eyes with dilated pupils, as if pouring into my heart strength that lifts me up...” The author, using isolated parts of the sentence, emphasizes main idea- Alyosha’s grandmother was the most wonderful person. It was she who woke him up, hidden in the darkness, and brought him into the light.
Students identify isolated members of a sentence by ear (who can name them the most) and draw a conclusion about the need to use fiction in texts.

5. Let's return to the text by I. Ilf and E. Petrov.

a) A diagram for sentence 3 is drawn up on the board and its characteristics are given.
It is determined that with one predicate there can be two participial phrases, i.e. two separate circumstances.
How are punctuation marks used in this case?
(In this case, a comma between isolated circumstances connected by the union And, not set).

b) Such cases should be distinguished from sentences in which isolated circumstances refer to different predicate verbs:
pay attention to the table (each student has it on his desk as a handout) point No. 3, read the sentence.

Isolation of circumstances

Separate themselves	Not isolated
1. Before and after the main word - predicate verb
A)expressed by single gerundsand participial phrases b) expressed by nouns with a preposition c) expressed nouns with prepositionsin view of, as a result of, in order to avoid, contrary to, in accordance with,thanks, etc.with significant spread and intonation emphasis	a) representing stable turnover 2. After the predicate verb a) single gerunds having adverb meanings b) closely related to the predicate c) expressed by an adverbial phrase and included in a group of homogeneous members with an adverb
Distinguish!
homogeneous members - special circumstances	homogeneous members - predicate He quietly changed into his work suit, sat down at the table, and opened a book. (BUT.)

Here we have homogeneous predicate members. Consequently, the punctuation marks will be different. Let's pay attention to the diagram of this proposal in the table.

Why is there a comma before the conjunction?
Why is it not in the second example?

6. Work continues with the table of isolated circumstances.

What circumstances have we not yet talked about?
(Circumstances expressed by a noun with a preposition. Left column).
What pretexts? (derivatives).
What is a derived preposition? ( Independent part speech, losing its lexical and morphological meaning, becomes auxiliary).
Examples (Who will lead faster?).
What is the difference in spelling: during- during; towards - to meet;
about - on account; in continuation - in continuation; as a result - as a result.

7. Working from the textbook p. 145, approx. No. 2.

What other prepositions can be used with such isolation?

Exercise in progress. No. 333, p. 147.

8. Compose sentences with isolated circumstances expressed by a noun with a preposition, and use these words as independent words
parts of speech:

option - (as) a consequence...
option - thanks.

9 . The circumstance of a concession is always isolated with a pretext despite.

Despite All my suffering, I could not sleep.

10. The isolation of other circumstances depends on stylistic objectives.

Circumstances are especially often isolated causes(due to, thanks to, as a result) conditions(if present, if absent), concessions(contrary to).

11 . After this, we continue to work with the table in the “Non-exclusive circumstances” section

What are the conditions for non-isolation of these circumstances?

a) The circumstance represents a stable turnover, i.e. phraseological turn.

We find example sentences and read them.

Name the phraseological units you know (which row will complete this task faster).
(Listen with your ears open; rush headlong; answer without further ado; shout without remembering yourself; listen with your mouth open;...)
- Compose one sentence at a time, using any phraseological phrase, and write it down as shown in the table.

b) Single adverbial participles or, as they used to be called, adverbs.

Let's pay attention to their place in the sentence.

(they stand after the predicate, answer the questions: how? in what way? in what position?).

c) We work with the textbook note on p. 145 (top).

Name such adverbs.
(Sitting, lying, standing, silently, jokingly, reluctantly, etc.)

These words have firmly become adverbs. When used alone, they are not isolated; they can be replaced with synonymous adverbs. For example, he speaks slowly - slowly; answered reluctantly - sluggishly.

Intonation can be a helper here. There is no pause before or after the adverb, but after a separate participial phrase the pause is observed.
- This rule is confirmed by the example of exercise No. 326.

d) The third case from table (b) is being worked out.

These are single participles, which also appear after the predicate at the end of the sentence and are circumstances of the manner of action; synonyms can also be found for them. Let's look at table examples.
- Replace the adverb with a gerund and make sentences:

V. Lightning flashed continuously (without ceasing).
V. The cloud was moving slowly (not in a hurry).

12. Quiz.

Task No. 1.

Explain why the gerunds are not isolated in the following sentences:

and then a strange man slowly walked around the lower decks.(Cat.) b) The doorman decided to walk slowly.(Paust.) c) The fox turned to the chicken coop and left, slurping unsalted.

a) a single gerund is closer to an adverb, as if merging with the predicate;
b) slowly - adverb;
c) is a phraseological unit.

Task No. 2.

Rearrange the sentences so that isolated circumstances become non-isolated:

1.. Gritting their teeth, they continued to work. 2. Hanging her head low, she left the room. 3. He continued to sit, determined to finish the job.

Task No. 3.

Make up a sentence with phraseological units, indicating which ones stand out:

Headlong, carelessly, heading towards something, without hesitation, taking into accountattention.(in rows, one example at a time).

Task No. 4.

Indicate errors in the use of participial phrases: 1. Having left for the open steppe,they were caught in a snowstorm. 2. Reading the story, we are faced with bright image leaderpopular uprising.

13 . Test tasks (attached). The summary of learning new material in the lesson is summed up. The answers are written down by the students on the board. Notebooks are exchanged for verification.

Test.

1. Identify incorrect statements.

Isolated members of a sentence are distinguished by meaning using intonation in speech.
nary speech and using punctuation marks in written speech.
Definitions related to the personal pronoun are always isolated.
Applications with the conjunction as are always isolated.
Dedicated Applications can be highlighted with a dash.
The circumstances expressed by the adverbial phrase are always isolated.
Only minor members of a sentence can be clarifying.

2. Find sentences with isolated definitions (no punctuation marks).

Carelessly scattered stars sparkled brightly in the sky.
The forest, covered with a haze of young greenery, came to life.
An overgrown country road hugged the river.
Tired of the spring bliss, I fell into involuntary oblivion.
Tired of the storm, the captain went down to his cabin.
A cloudy and foggy March night enveloped the earth.

3. In which example is it not necessary to isolate a single definition?

Invisible, you were already dear to me.
Behind blue seas forgotten, he faded away alone.
The fallen poplar is silver and light.
The poor thing cries tirelessly.

4. Indicate which sentences have punctuation errors when separating applications.

The island was covered in fog - a gray, motionless haze.
Fedka, our young director, came out from around the corner.
Artillery captain, Maksimov hangs up the phone.
Yuri, as a native of the south, found it difficult to get used to the Arctic climate.

5. Everyone knows Alexander Blok as a brilliant poet.

Find sentences in which the adverbial phrase is incorrectly isolated.
Peace to the aspen trees that spread their branches and gazed into the pink water.
After drinking tea, I went hunting before dawn.
A young ray of sunshine peeked through the window, playing merrily.
There, having left the star round dance, a beautiful star sits on the trumpet.

6. Indicate a sentence in which it is not necessary to isolate a single gerund (no punctuation marks are placed).

The young people bowed as they said goodbye.
The father nodded his head without turning around.
The uncle looked at the grandmother with narrowed eyes.
The boy, startled, dropped the spoon.

7. Find a sentence in which it is not necessary to isolate the highlighted circumstance.

There at a coal mine the boy was noticed.
On the other side over the river the nightingale sang.
We lived then in the Meshchersky forests in the village.
Turning to follow the sun during a long day almost all flowers.

14 . Words hard work.

Working on task No. 11 (tests) word maneuver(French - manouere, Lat. - manuopera from manus “hand” and opera “deeds”.)
Maneuver - act deftly and cunningly, avoiding troubles; movement of troops with the aim of striking the enemy.

15. Mini-dictation (distributed among columns).

Spreading, spreading, calculating, not calculating.
What spelling rules are common to explain the spelling of these words.

16 . Rearrange the sentences so that they contain all possible cases of isolation.

1 row. 2nd row. 3rd row.
Small forest Fruit blossoms The dog got scared
crossed, twisted and filled the trees and barked loudly.
between the trees the air is heady
path. aroma.

17 . Change the sentence into a complex one by replacing the preposition despite union although.

Despite good weather, that day we managed to walk a little.
(That day, despite the fact that the weather was good, we managed to walk a short distance).

18. Find isolated circumstances in the poem by A. S. Pushkin.

What can we quickly say to her in poetry?
Truth is dearer to me than anything else.
Without having time to think, I’ll say: you’re the cutest of all.
After thinking about it, I will say the same thing.

19. This is interesting.

1. Remember the lines from I.A Krylov’s fable “Fish Dance”: Here, Lev licked the headmangraciously in the chest..., set off on his further journey. This is a rare case when the subject took a completely unusual place for itself - it was located inside the adverbial phrase.

2. By the will of the author, the participial phrase can be attributed not to the verb. Here is an excerpt from a poem by Leonid Martynov: Sleeves, islands... This is a river delta! This is what it’s like, it’s starting to get dark! However, this is not the norm, but a property of the individual author's style.

3. Think about the sentence!He wrinkled his forehead, unable to understand what was written.
It does not fit any type of isolation known to you. It turns out that this is a “splinter” of an adverbial phrase being unable to in which the participle played only an auxiliary role and therefore disappeared without prejudice to the meaning.

20 . The lesson is summarized.