Phraseologism with the meaning of dreaming about something. Mouth and lips

Phraseology is one of the branches of linguistics that studies stable combinations words Surely each of us is familiar with the expressions “beat the bullshit”, “led by the nose”, “out of the blue”, “carelessly”, etc. But how many of us have ever thought about where they came from? our language? I bring to your attention a small selection of phraseological units with their meanings and history of origin, thanks to which you may learn something new and be able to make your speech more expressive and varied.

Let's start, perhaps, with such a well-known expression as "Augean stables", used to describe a very dirty place that will require considerable effort to clean. Phraseologism originates from the times Ancient Greece, where King Augeas lived, who loved horses very much, but not caring for them: the stables where the animals lived had not been cleaned for about thirty years. According to legend, Hercules (Hercules) entered the service of the king, who received orders from Augeas to clean out the stalls. To do this, the strongman used a river, the flow of which he directed into the stables, thereby getting rid of the dirt. Impressive, right?

"Alma mater"(from Latin “mother-nurse”)

In ancient times, students used this phraseological turn to describe educational institution, which, as it were, “fed” them, “raised” and “educated”. Nowadays it is used with some irony.

"Achilles' heel"(weak, vulnerable spot)

The source of this phraseological unit is ancient Greek mythology. According to legend, Thetis, the mother of Achilles, wanted to make her son invulnerable. To do this, she dipped him into the sacred river Styx, forgetting, however, about the heel by which she held the boy. Later, while fighting his enemy Paris, Achilles received an arrow in this heel and died.

"Gogol to walk"(walk around with a very important air, self-confidently)

No, this expression has nothing to do with the famous Russian writer, as it might seem at first. Gogol is wild duck, who walks along the shore with her head thrown back and her chest puffed out, which prompts comparison with a person trying to show all his importance.

"Hack on the nose"(very good to remember something)

In this expression, the word “nose” does not mean part of human body. In ancient times, this word was used to refer to tablets on which all sorts of notes were made. People carried it with them as a reminder.

"Get away with your nose"(leave with nothing)

Another phraseological unit associated with the nose. However, like the previous one, it has nothing to do with the organ of smell. This expression originates from Ancient Rus', where bribery was widespread. People, when dealing with the authorities and hoping for a positive outcome, used “prizes” (bribes). If the judge, manager or clerk accepted this “nose”, one could be sure that everything would be resolved. However, if the bribe was rejected, the applicant left with his “nose”.

"Pandora's Box"(source of troubles and misfortunes)

An ancient Greek myth says: before Prometheus stole fire from the gods, people on earth lived in joy and did not know any troubles. In response to this, Zeus sent a woman of unprecedented beauty to earth - Pandora, giving her a casket in which all human misfortunes were stored. Pandora, succumbing to curiosity, opened the casket and scattered them all.

"Filka's letter"(a document of no value, a meaningless piece of paper)

This phraseological turn is rooted in the history of the Russian state, or more precisely, during the reign of Ivan IX the Terrible. Metropolitan Philip, in his messages to the sovereign, tried to convince him to soften his policies and to abolish the oprichnina. In response, Ivan the Terrible only called the Metropolitan “Filka”, and all his letters “Filka”.

These are just some of the phraseological units of the Russian language, which have very interesting story. I hope that the material presented above was useful and interesting for you.

Phraseologisms they call stable combinations of words, figures of speech such as: “knuckle down”, “hang your nose”, “give a headache”... A figure of speech, which is called a phraseological unit, is indivisible in meaning, that is, its meaning does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words. It only works as a single unit, a lexical unit.

Phraseologisms- This catchphrases, without an author.

The meaning of phraseological units is to give an emotional coloring to an expression, to enhance its meaning.

When forming phraseological units, some components acquire the status of optional (optional): “Components of a phraseological unit that can be omitted in individual cases of its use are called optional components of a phraseological unit, and the phenomenon itself, as a feature of the form of a phraseological unit, is called the optionality of the components of a phraseological unit.

The first component of the turnover may be optional, optional, i.e. the expression will still sound without it.

Signs of phraseological units

Phraseologisms usually do not tolerate the replacement of words and their rearrangements, for which they are also called stable phrases.

Through thick and thin can't be pronounced no matter what happens to me or by all means, A protect like the pupil of the eye instead of cherish as the apple of your eye.

There are of course exceptions: puzzle or rack your brains, take by surprise And take by surprise, but such cases are rare.

Many phraseological units can be easily replaced with one word:

headlong- fast,

close at hand- close.

The most important feature of phraseological units is their figurative and figurative meaning.

Often a direct expression turns into a figurative one, expanding the shades of its meaning.

Bursting at the seams- from the tailor's speech acquired a broader meaning - to fall into decay.

Confuse- from the speech of railway workers it passed into general use in the meaning of causing confusion.

Examples of phraseological units and their meanings

beat the bucks- mess around
Overeat henbane- get mad (applies to people who do stupid things
After the rain on Thursday- never
Anika the Warrior- braggart, brave only in words, far from danger
Set a washroom (bath)- soap your neck, head - strongly scold
White Crow- a person who stands out sharply from environment one or another quality
Live as a Biryuk- be gloomy, not communicate with anyone
Throw down the gauntlet- challenge someone to an argument, a competition (although no one throws down gloves)
Wolf in sheep's clothing- evil people pretending to be kind, hiding under the guise of meekness
Head in the clouds- dream blissfully, fantasize about who knows what
My soul has sunk into my heels- a person who is afraid, afraid
Don't spare your belly- sacrifice life
Hack on the nose- remember firmly
Making an elephant out of a molehill- transform small fact into a whole event
On a silver platter- get what you want with honor, without much effort
At the ends of the earth- somewhere very far away
Over the moon- to be in complete delight, in a state of supreme bliss
Can't see anything- it’s so dark that you can’t see the path or path
Rush headlong- act recklessly, with desperate determination
Eat a peck of salt- get to know each other well
Good riddance- go away, we can do without you
Build castles in the air- dream about the impossible, indulge in fantasies. To think, to think about what cannot be realized in reality, to get carried away by illusory assumptions and hopes
Roll up your sleeves to work- work hard, with diligence.

Watch “PHRASEOLOGISTS IN PICTURES. Meanings of phraseological units"

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Phraseologisms about school

Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness.
Live and learn.
A scientist without work is like a cloud without rain.
Learn from a young age - you won’t die of hunger in old age.
What I learned was useful.
It's hard to learn, but it's easy to fight.
Teach intelligence.
Go through the school of life.
Get it into your head.
Hitting your head on the ice.
Teach a fool that the dead can be healed.

Phraseologisms from ancient Greek mythology

There are native Russian phraseological units, but there are also borrowed ones, including phraseological units that came into the Russian language from ancient Greek mythology.

Tantalum flour- unbearable torment from the consciousness of the proximity of the desired goal and the impossibility of achieving it. (An analogue of the Russian proverb: “The elbow is close, but you won’t bite”). Tantalus is a hero, the son of Zeus and Pluto, who reigned in the region of Mount Sipila in southern Phrygia (Asia Minor) and was famous for his wealth. According to Homer, for his crimes Tantalus was punished in the underworld with eternal torment: standing up to his neck in water, he cannot get drunk, since the water immediately recedes from his lips; from the trees surrounding it hang branches weighed down with fruits, which rise upward as soon as Tantalus reaches out to them.

Augean stables- a heavily clogged, polluted place, usually a room where everything is lying around in disarray. The phraseology comes from the name of the huge stables of the Elidian king Augeas, which had not been cleaned for many years. Cleaning them was only possible for the mighty Hercules, the son of Zeus. The hero cleared the Augean stables in one day, channeling the waters of two stormy rivers through them.

Sisyphus's work- useless, endless hard work, fruitless work. The expression comes from the ancient Greek legend about Sisyphus, a famous cunning man who was able to deceive even the gods and constantly came into conflict with them. It was he who managed to chain Thanatos, the god of death, sent to him, and keep him in captivity for several years, as a result of which people did not die. For his actions, Sisyphus was severely punished in Hades: he had to roll a heavy stone up a mountain, which, upon reaching the top, inevitably fell down, so that all the work had to be started again.

Sing the praises- to immoderately, enthusiastically praise, praise someone or something. It arose from the name of dithyrambs - songs of praise in honor of the god of wine and the vine, Dionysus, which were sung during processions dedicated to this deity.

golden shower- large sums of money. The expression originated from the ancient Greek myth of Zeus. Captivated by the beauty of Danae, the daughter of the Argive king Acrisius, Zeus penetrated her in the form of golden rain, and from this connection Perseus was subsequently born. Danaë, showered with gold coins, is depicted in the paintings of many artists: Titian, Correggio, Van Dyck, etc. Hence also the expressions “golden rain”, “golden rain will pour.” Titian. Danae.

Throw thunder and lightning- scold someone; speak angrily, irritably, reproaching, denouncing or threatening someone. Arose from ideas about Zeus - supreme god Olympus, who, according to myths, dealt with his enemies and people he disliked with the help of lightning, terrifying in its power, forged by Hephaestus.

Ariadne's thread, Ariadne's thread- something that helps you find a way out of a difficult situation. By the name of Ariadne, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos, who, according to ancient Greek myth, helped the Athenian king Theseus, after he killed the half-bull, half-man Minotaur, to escape safely from the underground labyrinth with the help of a ball of thread.

Achilles heel - weak side, a weak spot of something. In Greek mythology, Achilles (Achilles) is one of the strongest and bravest heroes; it is sung in Homer's Iliad. A post-Homeric myth, transmitted by the Roman writer Hyginus, reports that Achilles' mother, the sea goddess Thetis, in order to make her son's body invulnerable, dipped him in the sacred river Styx; while dipping, she held him by the heel, which did not touch the water, so the only thing left was the heel vulnerable spot Achilles, where he was mortally wounded by an arrow from Paris.

Gifts of the Danaans (Trojan Horse)- insidious gifts that bring with them death for those who receive them. Originated from Greek legends about the Trojan War. The Danaans, after a long and unsuccessful siege of Troy, resorted to cunning: they built a huge wooden horse, left it near the walls of Troy, and pretended to sail away from the shore of the Troas. Priest Laocoon, who knew about the Danaans’ cunning, saw this horse and exclaimed: “Whatever it is, I am afraid of the Danaans, even those who bring gifts!” But the Trojans, not listening to the warnings of Laocoon and the prophetess Cassandra, dragged the horse into the city. At night, the Danaans, hiding inside the horse, came out, killed the guards, opened the city gates, let in their comrades who had returned on ships, and thus took possession of Troy.

Between Scylla and Charybdis- to find yourself between two hostile forces, in a position where danger threatens from both sides. According to the legends of the ancient Greeks, two monsters lived on the coastal rocks on both sides of the Strait of Messina: Scylla and Charybdis, who devoured sailors. “Scylla, ... barking incessantly, With a piercing squeal, similar to the squeal of a young puppy, the surroundings of monsters resound throughout... Not a single sailor could pass by her unharmed With ease the ship: with all its toothed jaws open, At once she, six people from the ship abducts... Closer you will see another rock... Terribly the whole sea under that rock is disturbed by Charybdis, absorbing three times a day and spewing out black moisture three times a day. Don’t you dare approach when he’s devouring: Poseidon himself will not save you from certain death then...”

Promethean fire sacred fire burning in the human soul, an unquenchable desire to achieve high goals in science, art, and social work. Prometheus in Greek mythology is one of the Titans; he stole fire from the sky and taught people how to use it, thereby undermining faith in the power of the gods. For this, the angry Zeus ordered Hephaestus (the god of fire and blacksmithing) to chain Prometheus to a rock; The eagle that flew in every day tormented the liver of the chained titan.

Apple of discord- subject, cause of dispute, enmity, was first used by the Roman historian Justin (2nd century AD). It is based on Greek myth. The goddess of discord Eris rode between the guests at the wedding feast golden apple with the inscription: “To the most beautiful.” Among the guests were the goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, who argued about which of them should receive the apple. Their dispute was resolved by Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priam, by awarding the apple to Aphrodite. In gratitude, Aphrodite helped Paris kidnap Helen, the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus, which caused the Trojan War.

Sink into oblivion- to be forgotten, to disappear without a trace and forever. From the name Lethe - the river of oblivion in the underground kingdom of Hades, from which the souls of the dead drank water and forgot their entire past life.

Phraseologisms with the word “WATER”

Storm in a teacup- great anxiety over a trivial matter
Written on the water with a pitchfork– it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: “grandmother said in two”
Don't spill water– great friends, about strong friendship
Carry water in a sieve- waste time, do useless things Similar to: pounding water in a mortar
I put water in my mouth– is silent and does not want to answer
Carry water (on smb.)– burden him with hard work, taking advantage of his flexible nature
Output to clean water - expose dark deeds, catch a lie
Get away with it- go unpunished, without bad consequences
Money is like water- meaning the ease with which they can be spent
Blow on water after getting burned on milk- be overly cautious, remembering past mistakes
Like looking into the water- as if he knew in advance, foresaw, accurately predicted events
How he sank into the water- disappeared, disappeared without a trace, disappeared without a trace
Down in the mouth- sad, sad
Like water through your fingers- one who easily escapes persecution
Like two peas in a pod- very similar, indistinguishable
If you don’t know the ford, don’t go into the water– warning not to take hasty action
Like a fish in water– feel confident, very well oriented, have a good understanding of something,
Like water off a duck's back- a person doesn’t care about everything
Much water has flown under the bridge since that time- a lot of time has passed
Carrying water in a sieve- waste time
Seventh water on jelly- very distant relationship
Hide the ends in water- hide traces of the crime
Quieter than water, below the grass- behave modestly, inconspicuously
Pound water in a mortar- engage in useless work.

Phraseologisms with the word “NOS”

It is interesting that in phraseological units the word nose practically does not reveal its main meaning. The nose is an organ of smell, but in stable phrases the nose is associated primarily with the idea of ​​something small and short. Remember the fairy tale about Kolobok? When the Fox needed Kolobok to come within her reach and get closer, she asks him to sit on her nose. However, the word nose does not always refer to the organ of smell. It also has other meanings.

Mutter under your breath- grumble, grumble, mumble indistinctly.
Lead by the nose- this phrase came to us from Central Asia. Visitors are often surprised how small children manage to cope with huge camels. The animal obediently follows the child leading him by the rope. The fact is that the rope is threaded through a ring located in the camel's nose. Here you want it, you don’t want it, but you have to obey! Rings were also put into the noses of bulls to make their disposition more docile. If a person deceives someone or does not fulfill his promise, then he is also said to be “led by the nose.”
Turn up your nose- unjustifiably proud of something, boasting.
Hack on the nose- Notch on the nose means: remember firmly, once and for all. It seems to many that this was said not without cruelty: it is not very pleasant if you are offered to make a notch on your own face. Unnecessary fear. The word nose here does not mean the organ of smell at all, but just a memorial tablet, a tag for notes. In ancient times, illiterate people always carried such tablets with them and made all kinds of notes on them with notches and cuts. These tags were called noses.
Nodding off- fall asleep.
Curious Varvara's nose was torn off at the market– don’t interfere in something that’s not your own business.
On the nose- this is how they talk about something that is about to happen.
Can't see beyond your own nose- not to notice the surroundings.
Don't poke your nose into someone else's business- in this way they want to show that a person is too, inappropriately curious, interferes in what he should not.
Nose to nose- on the contrary, close.
Keep your nose to the wind- V glorious times The sailing fleet's movement across the sea was completely dependent on the direction of the wind and the weather. No wind, calm - and the sails drooped, more like a rag. A nasty wind blows into the bow of the ship - you have to think not about sailing, but about dropping all the anchors, that is, “standing at anchor” and removing all the sails so that the air flow does not throw the ship ashore. To go out to sea, a fair wind was required, which inflated the sails and directed the ship forward into the sea. The vocabulary of sailors associated with this received imagery and entered our literary language. Now “keeping your nose to the wind” - in a figurative sense, means adapting to any circumstances. "Drop anchor", "come to anchor", - stop in motion, settle somewhere; “Sit by the sea and wait for the weather”– inactive expectation of change; "In Full Sail"- move towards the intended goal in full swing, quickly as possible; wish "fair wind" to someone means wishing him good luck.
Hang your nose or Hang your nose- if suddenly a person is depressed or just sad, it happens about him that they say that he seems to be “hanging his nose,” and they can also add: “by a fifth.” Quinta, translated from Latin, means “fifth.” Musicians, or more precisely, violinists, call this the first string of a violin (the highest one). When playing, the violinist usually supports his instrument with his chin and his nose almost touches this string closest to him. The expression “hanging your nose on a fifth,” perfected among musicians, entered fiction.
Stay with your nose- without what I expected.
Right under your nose- close.
Show your nose- to tease someone by pointing thumb to the nose and waving to the others.
With a gulkin nose- very little (a bun is a dove, a dove has a small beak).
Poking your nose into other people's business- take an interest in other people's affairs.
Leave with your nose- the roots of the expression “getting away with your nose” are lost in the distant past. In the old days, bribery was very common in Rus'. Neither in institutions nor in court was it possible to achieve a positive decision without an offering, a gift. Of course, these gifts, hidden by the petitioner somewhere under the floor, were not called the word “bribe.” They were politely called "bring" or "nose". If the manager, judge or clerk took the “nose”, then one could be sure that the case would be resolved favorably. In case of refusal (and this could happen if the gift seemed small to the official or the offering from the opposite party had already been accepted), the petitioner went home with his “nose”. In this case, there was no hope for success. Since then, the words “to go away with your nose” have come to mean “to suffer defeat, fail, lose, stumble, without achieving anything.
Wipe your nose- if you manage to surpass someone, they say that they wiped your nose.
bury your nose- immerse yourself completely in some activity.
Full, drunk and nose covered in tobacco- means a satisfied and satisfied person with everything.

Phraseologisms with the word “MOUTH, LIPS”

The word mouth is included in a number of phraseological units, the meanings of which are associated with the process of speaking. Food enters the human body through the mouth - a series set expressions somehow indicates this function of the mouth. There are not many phraseological units with the word lip.

You can't put it in your mouth- they say if the food is not tasty.
Lip is not a fool- they say about a person who knows how to choose the best.
Shut someone's mouth- means not letting him speak.
Porridge in the mouth- the man speaks indistinctly.
There was no poppy dew in my mouth- this means that the person has not eaten for a long time and needs to be fed urgently.
Wet behind the ears- they say if they want to show that someone is still young and inexperienced.
Take water into your mouth- is to shut up yourself.
Pout lips- to be offended.
open your mouth- to freeze in amazement before something that strikes the imagination.
My mouth is full of trouble- they say if there are so many things to do that you don’t have time to cope with them.
Wide open mouth- a sign of surprise.

Phraseologisms with the word “HAND”

Be at hand– be available, be in close proximity
Warm your hands- take advantage of the situation
Hold in your hands- not to give free rein, to keep in strict obedience
As if taken off by hand- quickly disappeared, passed
Carry on your hands- provide special affection, attention, appreciate, pamper
Without stopping k – to work hard
Tuck under your arm- happen to be nearby
Fall under the hot hand- get into a bad mood
Hand doesn't rise– it is impossible to perform an action due to an internal prohibition
Hand in hand- holding hands, together, together
Hand washes hand– related common interests people protect each other
Hands don't reach- I just don’t have the energy or time to do anything
My hands are itching- about a great desire to do something
Just a stone's throw- very close, very close
Grab with both hands- agree with pleasure with some proposal
To rake in the heat with someone else's hands- benefit from the work of others
Golden hands- about someone who skillfully, skillfully does everything, copes with any work

Phraseologisms with the word “HEAD”

Wind in my head- an unreliable person.
Out of my head- forgot.
My head is spinning– too many things to do, responsibilities, information.
Give your head to be cut off- promise.
Out of the blue- suddenly.
Fool your head- to deceive, to divert from the essence of the matter.
Don't lose your head- be responsible for your actions.
Look from head to toe- everything, carefully, carefully.
Headlong- risky.
No pat on the head- they will scold you.
From a sick head to a healthy one- blame someone else.
Upside down- vice versa.
Puzzling over a task- think hard.
Headlong- very quickly.

Phraseologisms with the word “EAR”

The word ear is included in phraseological units that are somehow related to hearing. Harsh words primarily affect the ears. In many established expressions, the word ears does not mean the organ of hearing, but only its outer part. I wonder if you can see your ears? Using a mirror in this case is not allowed!

Keep your ears open- a person tensely awaits danger. Vostry – old uniform words sharp.
Prick up your ears- listen carefully. A dog's ears have a pointed shape and the dog raises its ears up when listening. This is where the phraseological unit arose.
You can't see your ears- they say about a person who will never get what he wants.
Immerse yourself in something up to your ears- they say to a person if he is completely absorbed in some activity. You can be deeply in debt – if there are a lot of debts.
Blushed to the ears- they say when a person is very embarrassed.
Hang your ears- this is what they say about a person who listens to someone too trustingly.
Listen with all your ears- means listening carefully.
Listen with half an ear or listen out of earshot- listen without much attention.
Ears wither- it’s extremely disgusting to listen to anything.
It hurts my ears- they say when something is unpleasant to listen to.

Phraseologisms with the word “TOOTH”

With the word tooth in Russian there is quite large number stable expressions. Among them there is a noticeable group of phraseological units in which teeth act as a kind of weapon of defense or attack, threat. The word tooth is also used in phraseological units denoting various deplorable human conditions.

To be in the teeth- to impose, to bother.
Armed to the teeth- they say about a person who is dangerous to attack, because he can give a worthy rebuff.
Speak your teeth- distract attention.
Tooth for tooth- abusive (tendency to abuse), unyielding, “as it comes around, it will respond.”
Tooth does not touch tooth- they say if someone is frozen from extreme cold or from trembling, excitement, fear.
Give me a tooth- to mock, to ridicule someone.
Eat with a tooth- drive, crowd.
Bare your teeth- mock.
Eat your teeth- gain experience.
Scratch your teeth- talk nonsense, nonsense.
Try it on your teeth- find out, try it directly.
Something is too tough for anyone- difficult to bite, beyond your strength, beyond your abilities.
Nothing to put on the tooth- they say when there is nothing to eat.
Not even a kick- absolutely nothing (not knowing, not understanding, etc.).
Look someone in the mouth- find out everything about a person.
Raise by a tooth- mock.
Show teeth- means demonstrating your evil nature, the desire to quarrel, to threaten someone.
Put your teeth on the shelf- go hungry when there is no food left in the house.
Speak through teeth- barely open your mouth, reluctantly.
Grit your teeth- without despondency, without despair, begin the fight.
To sharpen or have a grudge against someone- to be malicious, to strive to cause harm.

Phraseologisms with the word “CHEST, BACK”

The words chest and back are included in oppositely colored phraseological units. However, there are also positively colored phraseological units with the word back.

Stand up or stand with your chest for someone or something- rise to the defense, defend steadfastly.
Riding on someone's back- achieve your goals by using someone to your advantage.
Bend your back- work, or bow.
Hunch your back- work.
Ride on whose back- to use someone for some of your purposes.
Behind someone's back (to do something)- so that he doesn’t see, doesn’t know, secretly from anyone.
Put your hands behind your back- cross them from behind.
On your own back (to experience, to learn something)- from my own bitter experience, as a result of troubles, difficulties, adversities that I myself had to endure.
Knife in the back or stab in the back- treacherous, treacherous act, blow.
Turn your back- leave, leave to the mercy of fate, stop communicating with someone.
Pave the way with your chest- achieve good position in life, achieves everything through hard work, overcomes all the difficulties that befall him.
Skulk- shift your duties or responsibilities to someone else.
Work without straightening your back- diligently, diligently, a lot and hard. They can be used to praise a roughly working person.
Straighten your back- gain self-confidence, be encouraged.
Show your back- leave, run away.
Stand behind someone's back- secretly, secretly lead someone.

Phraseologisms with the word “LANGUAGE”

Language is another word often found in phraseological units, since language is extremely important for a person, it is with it that the idea of ​​​​the ability to speak and communicate is associated. The idea of ​​speaking (or, conversely, silence) can be traced in one way or another in many phraseological units with the word language.

Run with your tongue out- very quickly.
Keep your mouth shut- be silent, do not say too much; be careful in your statements.
Long tongue- they say if a person is a talker and likes to tell other people's secrets.
How a cow licked it with her tongue- about something that quickly and without a trace disappeared.
Find common ground- reach mutual understanding.
Step on your tongue- silence.
Hang your tongue on your shoulder- very tired.
Get on the tongue- become the subject of gossip.
Bite your tongue- shut up, refrain from speaking.
Untie your tongue- encourage someone to talk; give someone the opportunity to speak.
Loosen your tongue- without restraining yourself, losing control over yourself, blurting out, saying unnecessary things.
Tip on your tongue- an angry wish to an evil talker.
Pull the tongue- say something that is not entirely appropriate to the situation.
Shorten your tongue- to make someone silent, not to allow insolence to be said, unnecessary things.
Scratch your tongue (scratch your tongue)- talk in vain, engage in chatter, idle talk.
scratching tongues- gossip, slander.
The devil pulled his tongue- an unnecessary word escapes the tongue.
Tongue without bones- they say if a person is talkative.
Tongue is tied– you can’t say anything clearly.
Tongue stuck to larynx- suddenly fall silent, stop talking.
Swallow tongue- shut up, stop talking (about someone’s reluctance to talk).
The tongue hangs well- they say about a person who speaks freely and fluently.

Phraseologisms with the word “LITTLE”

Almost- about, almost
The spool is small, but expensive– value is not determined by size
Small small less– one is smaller than the other (about children)
The bird is small, but the nail is sharp– insignificant in position, but inspires fear or admiration for its qualities
Little dog to old age puppy– a short person always seems younger than his age, does not make a solid impression
You never know– 1. anything, any 2. not significant, not important 3. excitement, what if...
Little by little– slowly, little by little
At low speed- slowly
From small to large– all ages
Small (drink)- a little, a small portion
Play small– make a small bet (in games)
From an early age– since childhood
Just a little- a small part of something.

Correct and appropriate use of phraseological units gives speech special expressiveness, accuracy and imagery.

PHRASEOLOGISTS IN PICTURES

See if the phraseological units are illustrated correctly, and tell me how you understand their meaning?

Guess a few poetic riddles about phraseological units:

You won’t find any friendlier relationship between these two guys in the world.
They usually say about them: water...

We walked literally along the town and...
And we were so tired on the road that we barely...

Your comrade asks furtively
Copy the answers from your notebook.
No need! After all, this will help your friend...

They falsify, they confuse the words, they sing into the forest...
The guys won't listen to them:
This song makes my ears...

Augean stables

First clear out these Augean stables, and then you can go for a walk.

Meaning. A cluttered, polluted place where everything is in complete disarray.

Arshin swallow

It stands as if it had swallowed an arshin.

Meaning. Standing unnaturally straight.

Overeat henbane

In Pushkin’s “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish,” the old man, outraged by the shameless greed of his old woman, angrily says to her: “Why, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?”

Meaning. Behaving absurdly, viciously, like a madman.

Buridanov's donkey

He rushes about, cannot decide on anything, like Buridan’s donkey.

Meaning. An extremely indecisive person, hesitating between equally valuable decisions.

Let's go back to our sheep

However, enough about this, let's get back to our sheep.

Meaning. An appeal to the speaker not to be distracted from the main topic; a statement that his digression from the topic of conversation was over.

Versta Kolomenskaya

Everyone will immediately pay attention to a Kolomna mile like you.

Meaning. This is what a person is called tall, big guy.

Lead by the nose

The smartest man, he fooled his opponent by the nose more than once or twice.

Meaning. Deceive, mislead, promise and fail to deliver.

Hair on end

Horror gripped him: his eyes rolled out, his hair stood on end.

Meaning. This is what they say when a person is very scared.

That's where the dog is buried!

Ah, that's it! Now it’s clear where the dog is buried.

Meaning. That's the thing, that's the real reason.

Add the first number

For such deeds, of course, they should get paid the first day!

Meaning. Severely punish or scold someone

Rub glasses

Don't believe it, they're trying to bully you!

Meaning. Deceive someone by presenting the matter in a distorted, incorrect, but beneficial light for the speaker.

Voice in the wilderness

Work in vain, you will not convince them, your words are the voice of one crying in the wilderness.

Meaning. Denotes vain persuasion, appeals that no one heeds.

Goal like a falcon

Who should I kind word says? After all, I'm an orphan all around. Goal like a falcon.

Meaning. Very poor, beggar.

Naked truth

This is the state of affairs, the naked truth without embellishment.

Meaning. The truth is as it is, without mincing words.

Onion grief

Do you know how to cook soup, dear onion.

Meaning. A klutz, an unlucky person.

Two-Faced Janus

She is deceitful, cunning and hypocritical, a real two-faced Janus.

Meaning. Two-faced, hypocritical person

It's in the bag

Well, that's it, now you can sleep peacefully: it's all in the bag.

Meaning. Everything is fine, everything ended well.

Money doesn't smell

He took the money and didn’t wince, money doesn’t smell.

Meaning. It is the availability of money that is important, not the source of its origin.

Keep in a black body

Don't let her sleep in bed with the light on morning star, Keep the lazy girl in a black body And don’t take the reins off her!

Meaning. Harshly, strictly treat someone by forcing them to work hard; to oppress someone.

Bring to white heat

Vile guy, drives me crazy.

Meaning. Make you angry to the limit, drive you crazy.

Smoke rocker

In the tavern the smoke stood like a yoke: songs, dances, shouting, fighting.

Meaning. Noise, din, disorder, turmoil.

Egyptian executions

What kind of punishment is this, just Egyptian executions!

Meaning. Disasters that bring torment, severe punishment.

Iron curtain

We live as if behind an iron curtain, no one comes to us, and we don’t visit anyone.

Meaning. Obstacles, obstacles, complete political isolation of the country.

Yellow press

Where did you read all this? Don't trust the yellow press.

Meaning. A low-quality, deceitful press, greedy for cheap sensations.

Alive Smoking Room

A. S. Pushkin wrote an epigram to the critic M. Kachenovsky, which began with the words: “How! Is Kurilka the journalist still alive? It ended with wise advice: “...How to extinguish a stinking splinter? How can I kill my Smoking Room? Give me some advice.” - “Yes... spit on him.”

Meaning. An exclamation when mentioning someone's continued activity or existence despite difficult conditions.

Behind seven seals

Well, of course, because this is a sealed secret for you!

Meaning. Something incomprehensible.

Hack on the nose

And get this in your head: you won’t be able to deceive me!

Meaning. Remember it firmly, once and for all.

The truth is in the wine

And next to neighboring tables Sleepy footmen hang around, And drunkards with rabbit eyes shout “In vino Veritas.” Alexander Blok

Meaning. If you want to find out exactly what a person is thinking, treat him to wine.

The game is not worth the candle

You shouldn't do this. The game is clearly not worth the candle.

Meaning. The effort expended is not worth it.

To the head analysis

Well, brother, you've come late to the very basic analysis!

Meaning. Be late, show up when it’s all over.

How to get chickens into cabbage soup

And he ended up with this case like chickens in cabbage soup.

Meaning. Bad luck, unexpected misfortune.

King for a day

I would not trust their generous promises, which they give out right and left: caliphs for an hour.

Meaning. About a man who accidentally found himself on short time endowed with power.

Scapegoat

I'm afraid that you will forever be their scapegoat.

Meaning. Responsible for someone else's fault, for the mistakes of others, because the true culprit cannot be found or wants to evade responsibility.

sing Lazarus

Stop singing Lazarus, stop being poor.

Meaning. Beg, whine, complain exaggeratedly about fate, trying to evoke the sympathy of others.

Get into trouble

You promised to be careful, but you deliberately get into trouble!

Meaning. Undertaking something risky, running into trouble, doing something dangerous, doomed to failure.

Disservice

Constant praise from your lips is a real disservice.

Meaning. Unsolicited help, a service that does more harm than good.

Cast pearls before swine

In a letter to A. A. Bestuzhev (late January 1825), A. S. Pushkin writes: “The first sign smart person“Know at first glance who you are dealing with, and not throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs and the like.”

Meaning. Wasting words speaking to people who cannot understand you.

You can't ride a goat

He looks down on everyone, you can’t even approach him on a crooked goat.

Meaning. He is completely unapproachable, it is not clear how to contact him.

Unlucky man

Nothing went well with him, and in general he was a bad person.

Meaning. Frivolous, careless, dissolute.

Shelve

Now you’ll put it on the back burner, and then you’ll forget it completely.

Meaning. Give the case a long delay, delay its decision for a long time.

Retired goat drummer

I am no longer in office - a retired goat drummer.

Meaning. A person not needed by anyone, respected by anyone.

Bring it under the monastery

What have you done, what should I do now, you brought me under the monastery, and that’s all.

Meaning. To put someone in a difficult, unpleasant position, to bring them under punishment.

Plant the pig

Well, he has a nasty character: he planted the pig and is satisfied!

Meaning. Secretly set up some nasty thing, do some mischief.

Get into trouble

The guy got into such trouble that even the guard screamed.

Meaning. Find yourself in a difficult, dangerous or unpleasant situation.

Professor of sour cabbage soup

He is always teaching everyone. Me too, professor of sour cabbage soup!

Meaning. Unlucky, bad master.

Beluga roar

For three days in a row she roared like a beluga.

Meaning. Scream or cry loudly.

Breeding antimonies

That's it, the conversation is over. I have no time to create antimonies with you here.

Meaning. Chat, carry on empty conversations. Observe unnecessary ceremony in relationships.

On the side of the bake

Why should I go to them? Nobody called me. It's called arrived - on the side of the heat!

Meaning. Everything is random, extraneous, attached to something from the outside; superfluous, unnecessary

Orphan Kazan

Why are you standing, rooted to the threshold like an orphan from Kazan.

Meaning. This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone.

Grated kalach

As a grated kalach, I can give you practical advice.

Meaning. This is what they call an experienced person who is difficult to deceive.

Tip on your tongue

What are you saying? Thump your tongue!

Meaning. An expression of dissatisfaction with what was said, an unkind wish to someone who says something that is not meant to be said.

Sharpen the laces

Why are you sitting idle and sharpening your swords?

Meaning. Talking idle talk, engaging in useless chatter, gossiping.

Pull the gimp

Now they’re gone, he’ll keep dragging his feet until we give up on this idea ourselves.

Meaning. To procrastinate, to delay something, to speak monotonously and tediously.

Hit face in the dirt

Don't let us down, don't lose face in front of the guests.

Meaning. To make a mistake, to disgrace oneself.

In the middle of nowhere

What, should we go see him? Yes, this is in the middle of nowhere.

Meaning. Very far away, somewhere in the wilderness.

Fig leaf

She is a terrible pretender and lazy person, hiding behind her imaginary illness like a fig leaf.

Meaning. A plausible cover for unseemly deeds.

Filka's certificate

What kind of stupid letter is this, can’t you clearly express your thoughts?

Meaning. An ignorant, illiterate document.

Grab the stars from the sky

He is a man not without abilities, but there are not enough stars from heaven.

Meaning. Do not be distinguished by talents and outstanding abilities.

That's enough of a prickle

He was in great health, and suddenly he got sick.

Meaning. Someone died suddenly or was suddenly paralyzed.

Apple of discord

This ride is a real bone of contention, can’t you give in, let him go.

Meaning. What gives rise to conflict, serious contradictions.

Pandora's Box

Well, now hold on, Pandora's box has opened.

Meaning. Everything that can serve as a source of disaster if you are careless.

Speech is a way of communication between people. To achieve complete mutual understanding and express your thoughts more clearly and figuratively, many lexical techniques are used, in particular, phraseological units (phraseological unit, idiom) - stable figures of speech that have independent meaning and are characteristic of a particular language. Often, to achieve some speech effect simple words sometimes it's not enough. Irony, bitterness, love, mockery, your own own attitude to what is happening - all this can be expressed much more succinctly, more precisely, more emotionally. We often use phraseological units in everyday speech, sometimes without even noticing - after all, some of them are simple, familiar, and familiar from childhood. Many of the phraseological units came to us from other languages, eras, fairy tales, and legends.

The game is not worth the candle

You shouldn't do this. The game is clearly not worth the candle.

Meaning. The effort expended is not worth it.

Origin. The phraseological expression is based on a card term, which means that the stakes in the game are so insignificant that even the winnings will be less than the funds spent on candles to illuminate the card table.

To the head analysis

Well, brother, you've come late to the very basic analysis!

Meaning. Be late, show up when it’s all over.

Origin. The saying arose in those days when in our frosty country people, coming to church in warm clothes and knowing that it was forbidden to go inside with a hat, put their three hats and caps at the very entrance. Upon completion church service When leaving, everyone took them apart. Only those who were clearly in no hurry to go to church came to the “head-by-side analysis.”

How to get chickens into cabbage soup

And he ended up with this case like chickens in cabbage soup.

Meaning. Bad luck, unexpected misfortune.

Origin. A very common saying that we repeat all the time, sometimes without any idea of ​​its true meaning. Let's start with the word "chicken". This word in old Russian means “rooster”. But “cabbage soup” was not in this proverb before, and it was pronounced correctly: “I got caught in the plucking like a chicken,” that is, I was plucked, “unlucky.” The word “plucking” was forgotten, and then people, willy-nilly, changed the expression “to plucking” to “into cabbage soup.” When she was born is not entirely clear: some think that even under Demetrius the Pretender, when she was “plucked”; the Polish conquerors fell; others - what's in Patriotic War 1812, when the Russian people forced Napoleon's hordes to flee.

King for a day

I would not trust their generous promises, which they give out right and left: caliphs for an hour.

Meaning. About a man who accidentally found himself in a position of power for a short time.

Origin. The Arabic fairy tale “A Waking Dream, or Caliph for an Hour” (collection “A Thousand and One Nights”) tells how the young Baghdadian Abu-Shssan, not knowing that the caliph Grun-al-Rashid is in front of him, shares with him his cherished dream - to become caliph at least for a day. Wanting to have fun, Harun al-Rashid pours sleeping pills into Abu Hassan's wine, orders the servants to take the young man to the palace and treat him like a caliph.

The joke succeeds. Waking up, Abu-1ksan believes that he is the caliph, enjoys luxury and begins to give orders. In the evening, he again drinks wine with sleeping pills and wakes up at home.

Scapegoat

I'm afraid that you will forever be their scapegoat.

Meaning. Responsible for someone else's fault, for the mistakes of others, because the true culprit cannot be found or wants to evade responsibility.

Origin. The phrase goes back to the text of the Bible, to the description of the ancient Hebrew ritual of transferring the sins of the people (community) onto a living goat. This ritual was performed in the event of desecration of the sanctuary where the Ark of the Ark was located by Jews. To atone for sins, a ram was burned and one goat was slaughtered “as a sin offering.” All sins and iniquities were transferred to the second goat Jewish people: the clergyman laid his hands on it as a sign that all the sins of the community were transferred to him, after which the goat was driven out into the desert. All those present at the ceremony were considered purified.

sing Lazarus

Stop singing Lazarus, stop being poor.

Meaning. Beg, whine, complain exaggeratedly about fate, trying to evoke the sympathy of others.

Origin. IN Tsarist Russia Everywhere in crowded places crowds of beggars, cripples, blind men with guides gathered, begging, with all sorts of pitiful lamentations, alms from passers-by. The blind people especially often sang the song “About the Rich Man and Lazarus,” composed based on one gospel story. Lazarus was poor and his brother was rich. Lazarus ate the rich man's leftover food along with the dogs, but after death he went to heaven, while the rich man ended up in hell. This song was supposed to frighten and reassure those from whom beggars begged for money. Since not all beggars were actually so unhappy, their plaintive moans were often feigned.

Get into trouble

You promised to be careful, but you deliberately get into trouble!

Meaning. Undertaking something risky, running into trouble, doing something dangerous, doomed to failure.

Origin. Rozhon is a sharpened stake that was used in bear hunting. When hunting with a goad, daredevils held this sharp stake in front of them. The enraged beast got into trouble and died.

Disservice

Constant praise from your lips is a real disservice.

Meaning. Unsolicited help, a service that does more harm than good.

Origin. The primary source is I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Hermit and the Bear.” It tells how the Bear, wanting to help his friend the Hermit smack a fly that had landed on his forehead, killed the Hermit himself along with it. But this expression is not in the fable: it developed and entered folklore later.

Cast pearls before swine

In a letter to A. A. Bestuzhev (late January 1825), A. S. Pushkin writes: “The first sign of an intelligent person is to know at first glance who you are dealing with, and not to throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs and the like.”

Meaning. Wasting words speaking to people who cannot understand you.

Origin. IN Sermon on the Mount Jesus Christ says: “Do not give what is holy to dogs, and do not throw your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet and turn and tear you to pieces” (Gospel of Matthew, 7: b). In the Church Slavonic translation, the word “pearl” sounds like “beads”. It is in this version that this biblical expression entered the Russian language.

You can't ride a goat

He looks down on everyone, you can’t even approach him on a crooked goat.

Meaning. He is completely unapproachable, it is not clear how to contact him.

Origin. Amusing their high patrons, using both harp and bells for their amusement, dressing up in goat and bear skins, and in the plumage of a crane, these “spouts” were sometimes able to do some pretty good things.

It is possible that their repertoire also included riding goats or pigs. Obviously, it was the buffoons who sometimes encountered such a bad mood from a high-ranking person that “even a goat had no effect on him.”

Unlucky man

Nothing went well with him, and in general he was a bad person.

Meaning. Frivolous, careless, dissolute.

Origin. In the old days in Rus', not only the road was called a path, but also various positions at the prince’s court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the hunter's path is in charge of hound hunting, the stablemaster's path is in charge of carriages and horses. The boyars tried by hook or by crook to get a position from the prince. And those who did not succeed were spoken of with disdain: a good-for-nothing person.

Shelve

Now you’ll put it on the back burner, and then you’ll forget it completely.

Meaning. Give the case a long delay, delay its decision for a long time.

Origin. Perhaps this expression originated in Muscovite Rus', three hundred years ago. Tsar Alexei, the father of Peter I, ordered a long box to be installed in the village of Kolomenskoye in front of his palace, where anyone could drop their complaint. Complaints were received, but it was very difficult to wait for a solution: months and years passed. The people renamed this “long” box “long”.

It is possible that the expression, if not born, was fixed in speech later, in “presences” - institutions of the 19th century. The officials of that time, accepting various petitions, complaints and petitions, undoubtedly sorted them, putting them in different boxes. “Long” could be called the one where the most leisurely tasks were postponed. It is clear that the petitioners were afraid of such a box.

Retired goat drummer

I am no longer in office - a retired goat drummer.

Meaning. A person not needed by anyone, respected by anyone.

Origin. In the old days, trained bears were brought to fairs. They were accompanied by a dancing boy dressed as a goat, and a drummer accompanying his dance. This was the “goat drummer”. He was perceived as a worthless, frivolous person. What if the goat is also “retired”?

Bring it under the monastery

What have you done, what should I do now, you brought me under the monastery, and that’s all.

Meaning. To put someone in a difficult, unpleasant position, to bring them under punishment.

Origin. There are several versions of the origin of the turnover. Perhaps the turnover arose because people who had big troubles in life usually went to the monastery. According to another version, the expression is related to the fact that Russian guides led enemies under the walls of monasteries, which during the war turned into fortresses (bring a blind man under a monastery). Some believe that the expression is associated with the difficult life of women in Tsarist Russia. Only strong relatives could protect a woman from her husband’s beatings, having achieved protection from the patriarch and the authorities. In this case, the wife “brought her husband to the monastery” - he was sent to the monastery “in humility” for six months or a year.

Plant the pig

Well, he has a nasty character: he planted the pig and is satisfied!

Meaning. Secretly set up some nasty thing, do some mischief.

Origin. In all likelihood, this expression is due to the fact that some peoples do not eat pork for religious reasons. And if such a person was discreetly put pork into his food, then his faith was desecrated.

Get into trouble

The guy got into such trouble that even the guard screamed.

Meaning. Find yourself in a difficult, dangerous or unpleasant situation.

Origin. In dialects, BINDING is a fish trap woven from branches. And, as in any trap, being in it is not a pleasant thing.

Professor of sour cabbage soup

He is always teaching everyone. Me too, professor of sour cabbage soup!

Meaning. Unlucky, bad master.

Origin. Sour cabbage soup - simple peasant food: water yes sauerkraut. Preparing them was not particularly difficult. And if someone was called a master of sour cabbage soup, it meant that he was not fit for anything worthwhile.

Beluga roar

For three days in a row she roared like a beluga.

Meaning. Scream or cry loudly.

Origin. “As dumb as a fish” - this has been known for a long time. And suddenly “beluga roar”? It turns out that we are talking here not about the beluga, but about the beluga whale, as they call polar dolphin. He really roars very loudly.

Breeding antimonies

That's it, the conversation is over. I have no time to create antimonies with you here.

Meaning. Chat, carry on empty conversations. Observe unnecessary ceremony in relationships.

Origin. From the Latin name for antimony (antimonium), which was used as a medicinal and cosmetic product by first grinding it and then dissolving it. Antimony does not dissolve well, so the process was very long and laborious. And while it was dissolving, the pharmacists carried on endless conversations.

On the side of the bake

Why should I go to them? Nobody called me. It's called arrived - on the side of the heat!

Meaning. Everything is random, extraneous, attached to something from the outside; superfluous, unnecessary

Origin. This expression is often distorted by saying “on the side.” In fact, it could be expressed with the words: “side bake.” For bakers, baked, or baked, are burnt pieces of dough that stick to the outside of bread products, that is, something unnecessary, superfluous.

Orphan Kazan

Why are you standing, rooted to the threshold like an orphan from Kazan.

Meaning. This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone.

Origin. This phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

Grated kalach

As a grated kalach, I can give you practical advice.

Meaning. This is what they call an experienced person who is difficult to deceive.

Origin. There used to be such a type of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was crushed, kneaded, “grated” for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - “do not grate, do not crush, there will be no kalach.” That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from a proverb, and not from the name of the bread.

Tip on your tongue

What are you saying? Thump your tongue!

Meaning. An expression of dissatisfaction with what was said, an unkind wish to someone who says something that is not meant to be said.

Origin. It is clear that this is a wish, and not a very friendly one. But what is its significance? Pip is a small horny tubercle on the tip of a bird's tongue that helps them peck food. The growth of such a tubercle may be a sign of illness. Hard pimples on the human tongue are called pimples by analogy with these bird bumps. According to superstitious beliefs, pip usually appears in deceitful people. Hence the bad wish, designed to punish liars and deceivers. From these observations and superstitions, an incantatory formula was born: “Tip on your tongue!” Its main meaning was: “You are a liar: let there be a pip on your tongue!” Now the meaning of this spell has changed somewhat. “Tip your tongue!” - an ironic wish to the one who expressed an unkind thought, predicted something unpleasant.

Sharpen the laces

Why are you sitting idle and sharpening your swords?

Meaning. Talking idle talk, engaging in useless chatter, gossiping.

Origin. Lyasy (balusters) are turned figured posts of the railing at the porch; Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. And by our time, there were fewer and fewer people who could conduct such a conversation. So this expression came to mean empty chatter. Another version elevates the expression to the meaning of the Russian word balyasy - tales, Ukrainian balyas - noise, which go back directly to the common Slavic “tell”.

Pull the gimp

Now they’re gone, he’ll keep dragging his feet until we give up on this idea ourselves.

Meaning. To procrastinate, to delay something, to speak monotonously and tediously.

Origin. Gimp is the finest gold, silver or copper thread, which was used to embroider braids, aiguillettes and other decorations on officer uniforms, as well as priests' vestments and simply rich costumes. It was made in a handicraft way, by heating the metal and carefully pulling out a thin wire with pliers. This process was extremely long, slow and painstaking, so that over time the expression “pull the gimp” began to refer to any protracted and monotonous business or conversation.

Hit face in the dirt

Don't let us down, don't lose face in front of the guests.

Meaning. To make a mistake, to disgrace oneself.

Origin. To hit the dirt with your face originally meant “to fall on the dirty ground.” Such a fall was considered especially shameful by the people in fist fights- wrestling competitions, when a weak opponent was thrown face down to the ground.

In the middle of nowhere

What, should we go see him? Yes, this is in the middle of nowhere.

Meaning. Very far away, somewhere in the wilderness.

Origin. Kulichiki is a distorted Finnish word “kuligi”, “kulizhki”, which has long been included in Russian speech. This is what forest clearings, meadows, and swamps were called in the north. Here, in the wooded part of the country, settlers of the distant past constantly cut down “kulizhki” in the forest - areas for plowing and mowing. In old charters the following formula is constantly found: “And all that land, as long as the ax walked and the scythe walked.” The farmer often had to go to his field in the wilderness, to the farthest “kulizhki”, worse developed than those close to him, where, according to the ideas of that time, goblins, devils, and all sorts of forest evil spirits lived in the swamps and windbreaks. This is how ordinary words received their second, figurative meaning: very far away, at the edge of the world.

Fig leaf

She is a terrible pretender and lazy person, hiding behind her imaginary illness like a fig leaf.

Meaning. A plausible cover for unseemly deeds.

Origin. The expression goes back to the Old Testament myth about Adam and Eve, who, after the Fall, experienced shame and girded themselves with fig leaves (fig tree): “And their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they sewed together fig leaves, and made themselves girdles "(Genesis 3:7). From the 16th to the end of the 18th century, European artists and sculptors had to cover the most revealing parts of the human body with a fig leaf in their works. This convention was a concession christian church, who considered the image of naked flesh sinful and obscene.

Filka's certificate

What kind of stupid letter is this, can’t you clearly express your thoughts?

Meaning. An ignorant, illiterate document.

Metropolitan Philip could not come to terms with the revelry of the guardsmen. In his numerous messages to the tsar - letters - he sought to convince Grozny to abandon his policy of terror and dissolve the oprichnina. Tsyuzny contemptuously called the disobedient Metropolitan Filka, and his letters - Filka letters.

For his bold denunciations of Ivan the Terrible and his guardsmen, Metropolitan Philip was imprisoned in the Tver Monastery, where he was strangled by Malyuta Skuratov.

Grab the stars from the sky

He is a man not without abilities, but there are not enough stars from heaven.

Meaning. Do not be distinguished by talents and outstanding abilities.

Origin. A phraseological expression associated, apparently, by association with the award stars of military and officials as insignia.

That's enough of a prickle

He was in great health, and suddenly he got sick.

Meaning. Someone died suddenly or was suddenly paralyzed.

Origin. According to the historian S. M. Solovyov, the expression is associated with the name of the leader of the Bulavin uprising on the Don in 1707, Ataman Kondraty Afanasyevich Bulavin (Kondrashka), who in a sudden raid destroyed the entire royal detachment led by the governor, Prince Dolgoruky.

Apple of discord

This ride is a real bone of contention, can’t you give in, let him go.

Meaning. What gives rise to conflict, serious contradictions.

Origin. Peleus and Thetis, the parents of the Trojan War hero Achilles, forgot to invite the goddess of discord Eris to their wedding. Eris was very offended and secretly threw a golden apple onto the table at which gods and mortals were feasting; on it was written: “To the most beautiful.” A dispute arose between three goddesses: Zeus's wife Hera, Athena the maiden, goddess of wisdom, and the beautiful goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite.

The young man Paris, the son of the Trojan king Priam, was chosen as a judge between them. Paris gave the apple to Aphrodite who bribed him; For this, Aphrodite made the wife of King Menelaus, the beautiful Helen, fall in love with the young man. Leaving her husband, Helen left for Troy, and in order to avenge such an insult, the Greeks began a long-term war with the Trojans. As you can see, the apple of Eris actually led to discord.

Pandora's Box

Well, now hold on, Pandora's box has opened.

Meaning. Everything that can serve as a source of disaster if you are careless.

Origin. When the great titan Prometheus stole the fire of the gods from Olympus and gave it to people, Zeus terribly punished the daredevil, but it was too late. Possessing the divine flame, people stopped obeying the celestials, learned various sciences, and came out of their pitiful state. A little more - and they would have won complete happiness.

Then Zeus decided to send punishment on them. The blacksmith god Hephaestus sculpted from earth and water beautiful woman Pandora. The rest of the gods gave her: some cunning, some courage, some extraordinary beauty. Then, handing her a mysterious box, Zeus sent her to earth, forbidding her to open the box. Curious Pandora, as soon as she came into the world, opened the lid. Immediately all human disasters flew out of there and scattered throughout the universe. Pandora, in fear, tried to slam the lid again, but in the box of all the misfortunes, only one deceptive hope remained.

Dictionary of phraseological units

To beat your thumbs - to sit back and do trifles.

Without a year, a week is quite recently, a very short time.

Without hind legs - very sound (sleep)

Without further ado - without wasting time (get down to business).

Without a hitch - done flawlessly.

A white crow is a person who is very different from other people.

Bleached to overeat - to go mad (applies to people who do stupid things).

Living like a Biryuk means being gloomy and not communicating with anyone.

An hour is a very long time.

To shoe a flea is to skillfully perform the most intricate, precise work.

Side by side - side by side.

To wander in the dark means to have little understanding of something, to act at random.

Throwing words to the wind means speaking thoughtlessly, promising the impossible.

Come what may - an expression of readiness for anything.

To be at your best is to prove yourself with dignity.

It falls out of hand - nothing happens.

In the depths of the soul - in the most secret thoughts.

To make one blush is to cause embarrassment.

In no time - instantly.

Two steps away - very close, nearby.

To know far and wide – in the smallest details.

A teaspoon per hour - too slowly and little by little, barely.

Wind in the head - about a frivolous, frivolous person.

On the tip of your tongue is a strong desire to ask, or “I remembered, but forgot.”

Hanging by a thread means being in a very difficult, desperate situation.

To be in the clouds is to dream blissfully, fantasize about who knows what.

To invest your soul is to give all of yourself, all your efforts and desires to something.

With all eyes - to watch with great interest.

Through fire and water - without hesitation, take any action, sacrificing yourself.

In an instant - instantly.

To be led by the nose is to act dishonestly, to deceive.

You can't spill it with water - they are very friendly, inseparable.

Wolf in sheep's clothing - evil man pretending to be kind.

Hair stands on end - it becomes scary.

This is where the dog is buried - this is the reason, the crux of the matter.

Here's one for you - expresses surprise or disappointment.

By the sweat of your brow - with great effort, tension.

To smithereens - completely, completely (for example, to quarrel)

In a rosy light - to imagine something better than it actually is.

To put a spoke in someone's wheels is to deliberately interfere with someone.

Getting off on the wrong foot means being in a bad mood for no reason.

In the spotlight - in full view, causing general interest.

A teaspoon per hour - very slowly.

Carry on your shoulders - cope with something on your own

Lose your temper - get angry

Get away with it - act fraudulently and remain unpunished.

My eyes are sticking together - I want to sleep.

Didn’t blink an eye - quickly, instantly (something happened)

Chasing two birds with one stone is trying to do two different things at once.

Head on shoulders - about a smart, quick-witted person.

To make a mountain out of a molehill is to exaggerate anything without any reason.

Keep your ears open - behave extremely carefully, do not trust anyone.

For both cheeks - with great appetite.

He doesn’t mince words – he knows what to say and is resourceful in conversation.

Far away - very far away.

Brew porridge - start some troublesome or unpleasant business.

He is strong in hindsight - he is not able to make the right decision in time.

Notch on the nose - good to remember.

Roll up your sleeves - spare no effort, time, work hard and hard.

As if blown away by the wind, someone instantly disappeared.

It's like hitting a wall - nothing has any effect on someone who doesn't understand anything.

Like a dog in a manger, he doesn’t use something and doesn’t let others use it.

If a mosquito doesn't hurt your nose, you won't find fault with anything. Usually about a job well done.

Slanting fathoms in the shoulders - a tall, broad-shouldered, powerfully built man.

Biting your elbows means bitterly regretting, being annoyed about something missed, irreparable, or done.

A piece does not go down the throat - someone from fatigue or anxiety cannot eat.

Easy to climb - can willingly go, go somewhere.

He is easy to find - he comes just when people remember him and talk about him.

Go out of your way - try your best to accomplish something.

To catch on the fly is to understand something immediately, easily and quickly.

There was no poppy dew in my mouth - I didn’t eat anything at all.

A jack of all trades - capable of everything, able to do everything.

The bear stepped on the ear - someone has no ear for music.

To swim shallowly is to have little understanding of something, to have limited abilities.

Frost on the skin - an unpleasant sensation of sudden fear, horror.

Softly lays out - about a person who is outwardly polite, talkative, and secretly causes trouble and harm.

With a fresh mind - in a cheerful state, after rest.

On your own head - to your own detriment, to your own detriment.

Take water into your mouth and remain stubbornly silent.

To mess things up means to make serious mistakes.

Find a common language - achieve mutual understanding, negotiate.

Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye - it’s good to say something accurately.

Out of place - to be in a bad, depressed mood, to feel uncomfortable, out of place.

To not believe your eyes is to be extremely surprised by something you see.

It’s not a bad idea to be no worse than others, to understand things well.

Tirelessly - very diligently, without ceasing to work.

Do not lose face - successfully cope with any business or assignment.

There is no end to the land - in abundance, very much.

It doesn’t fit into any gates - it’s no good.

Neither to the village, nor to the city - completely inappropriate, out of place.

Not light, not dawn - very early, before dawn.

No hitches - no flaws (about a job well done)

Birds of a feather - completely similar to each other.

Give up - having lost hope, fall into despair.

To pour from empty to empty is to engage in unnecessary, useless work.

Full cup - plenty of everything, abundance of everything.

To be born in a shirt means to be happy, lucky.

To act recklessly is to do something without understanding the essence of the matter, to act thoughtlessly.

To sit in the wrong sleigh means to take on the wrong business.

On his own mind - secretive, cunning, resourceful.

Seven Fridays in a week - someone often changes their opinions and decisions.

Build castles in the air - come up with impossible plans

Quieter than water, lower than the grass - timid, shy, modest.

To wipe your nose is to prove to someone your superiority in something.

Grasping at straws means, looking for salvation, resorting to a remedy that clearly will not help.

A little light - the earliest in the morning, when it begins to get light.