Analyze a sentence with a separate circumstance. Proposals complicated by detached members

1. Among sentences 1 – 4, find a sentence with two separate circumstances. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The distant mountains, enveloped in a bluish haze, fluttered and seemed to melt in languor. (2) A light wind stirred the thick grasses, full of colorful irises, porridge and some other countless yellow and white heads. (3) Our horses had only to turn their heads to grab, without even bending down, a bunch of lush grass from the interstice - and they ran on, waving the luxurious bouquets clutched in their lips. (4) Here and there small lakes suddenly opened up, like pieces of blue sky that fell to the ground and were set in emerald green... (Korolenko V.)
2. Among sentences 1-3, find a sentence with isolated circumstances. Write the number of this offer.
(1) The sun had already touched the water, and the shining strip it had laid on the sea began to turn pink. (2) Huge Earth, filled with grief and hatred, turned around, and with him the Black Sea rolled away from the rays of the sun. (3) A small, tiny boat, insistently humming its engines, climbed along the bulge of the Earth, stubbornly catching up with the sun, which was falling over the horizon. (Sobolev L.)
3. Among sentences 1-4, find a sentence with a separate circumstance, expressed by an adverbial phrase. Write the number of this offer.
(1) In the clearing, near a high ant heap, stood the Nanai boy Filka and beckoned her to him with his hand. (2) She approached, looking at him friendly. (3) Near Filka, on a wide stump, she saw a pot full of lingonberries. (4) And Filka himself is narrow hunting knife, made of Yakut steel, a fresh birch twig was cleared of bark. (Fraerman R.)

indicate a sentence in which the circumstance is not isolated (punctuation marks are omitted). A To be happy you need to live laughing. B rustling cold

Dawn rises quietly through the gardens. Despite the retreat, the fighters were in a cheerful mood. Give an example of a sentence with an isolated circumstance.

1.What is separation? Which parts of the sentence are called isolated? 2.What are the conditions for the isolation of minor members of a sentence?

3.What are the rules of punctuation when separating definitions and applications?

4.What are the rules of punctuation when isolating circumstances?
5.Which parts of the sentence are called clarifying?

6.With what intonation are the isolated parts of the sentence pronounced?

1) Which parts of the sentence are called isolated? 2) In what cases are definitions separated? 3) When are applications separated? 4) What are the conditions?

contribute to the isolation of circumstances? 5) In what styles of speech are participles and participial phrases? 6) What are the clarifying members of a sentence used for?

1. Among sentences 1-3, find sentences with isolated members. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Along the banks of Staritsa there are sand dunes overgrown with Chernobyl grass and grass. (2) Grass grows on the dunes, it is called tenacious. (3) These are dense gray-green balls, similar to a tightly closed rose. (Paustovsky K.)

2. Among sentences 1-3, find a sentence with a separate agreed common definition. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Acquaintance always takes place according to a once and for all established custom. (2) First we light a cigarette, then there is a polite and cunning conversation aimed at finding out who we are, after which there are a few vague words about the weather. (3) And only after this the conversation can freely move on to any topic. (Paustovsky K.)

3. Among sentences 1-4, find a sentence with a non-isolated agreed upon common definition. Write the number of this offer.

(1) It rained in September. (2) They rustled in the grass. (3) The air became warmer from them, and the coastal thickets smelled wildly and pungently, like wet animal skin. (4) At night, the rains slowly rustled in the forests along remote roads leading to no one knows where, along the plank roof of the lodge, and it seemed that they were destined to drizzle all autumn over this forested country. (Paustovsky K.)

4. Among sentences 1-3, find a sentence with a separate non-extensive circumstance.

(1) If a writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he is writing about, then the reader will not see anything behind them. (2) But if the writer sees well what he is writing about, then the simplest and sometimes even erased words acquire newness, act on the reader with striking force and evoke in him those thoughts, feelings and states that the writer wanted to convey to him. (3) This, obviously, is the secret of the so-called subtext. (Paustovsky K.)

5. Among sentences 1-3, find a sentence with a non-isolated common agreed upon definition. Write the number of this offer.

(1) People say about blind rain falling in the sun: “The princess is crying.” (2) Drops of this rain sparkling in the sun look like large tears. (3) And who should cry such shining tears of grief or joy if not the fairy-tale beauty princess! (Paustovsky K.)

6. Among sentences 1-4, find a sentence with separate additions. Write the number of this offer.

(1) All this is only a tiny part of what can be said about rain. (2) But this is enough to be indignant at the words of one writer, who told me with a sour grimace: (3) “I prefer living streets and houses to your tedious and dead nature. (4) Apart from troubles and inconveniences, rain, of course, brings nothing.” (Paustovsky K.)

7. Among sentences 1-4, find a sentence with a common application. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Next to the lightning, in the same poetic row stands the word “dawn” - one of the most beautiful words in the Russian language. (2) This word is never spoken loudly. (3) It is impossible to even imagine that it could be shouted. (4) Because it is akin to that established silence of the night, when a clear and faint blue shines over the thickets of a village garden. (Paustovsky K.)
Help

Separate themselves circumstances, expressed:

1) participles:

single: After eating, the child fell asleep.

as part of participial phrases: After discussing the results of the work, we parted ways..

2) circumstances with a pretext despite: Despite the rain, the children ran away for a walk.

3) comparative turnover with unions: as if, exactly, as if, what, than, rather than and others similar: The clouds, like cotton wool, floated low and slowly over the ground.

About punctuation simple sentences with special circumstances.

There are general and specific conditions of separation. The first concerns all or most of the secondary members, the second - only their individual types. The general conditions of isolation include the following: 1) word order, 2) the degree of prevalence of a sentence member, 3) the clarifying nature of one sentence member in relation to another, 4) the semantic load of a minor sentence member.

The order of words is important for isolating definitions, applications, circumstances. A prepositive definition, expressed by a participle or an adjective with explanatory words, is not isolated (unless it has additional shades of meaning), a postpositive definition, as a rule, is isolated. Wed: A chicken tied by the leg was walking near the table (L. T.). - At the porch stood several carts and sleighs drawn in single file (Ax.). The importance of word order when isolating definitions is also reflected in the fact that the prepositive definition immediately preceding the word being defined is not isolated, but the definition is separated from the subsequent word being defined by other members of the sentence , is isolated. Wed: The snow-covered huts sparkled brightly in the sun (Grig.). - For a moment, illuminated by lightning, in front of us is a birch trunk (M. G.). The prepositive application standing in front of a proper name, as a rule, is not isolated, the postpositive is isolated. Wed: Several years ago, an old Russian gentleman Kirila Petrovich Troekurov (P.) lived on one of his estates. - About two months ago, a certain Belikov, a teacher of the Greek language (Ch.), died in our city. An adverbial expression expressed by a single gerund is usually isolated if it precedes the predicate, and more often it is not isolated in a post-positive position in relation to the predicate. Wed: About ten Cossacks were crowded near the porch, smoking (Shol.). - Sergei pushed Vera aside, nodded to her and left whistling (A.N.T.). The degree of prevalence of a member of a sentence is important for isolating definitions, applications, circumstances, additions. A single postpositive definition is usually not isolated, a common one is isolated. Wed: He looked around him with indescribable excitement (P.). - The willow, all fluffy, is spread out all around (Fet). A single application, expressed by a common noun and relating to the common noun, usually does not stand apart, closely merging with it, but a common application stands apart. Wed: Some literate cook from the kitchen ran away to his tavern (Kr.). - Memory, this scourge of the unfortunate, revives even the stones of the past (M. G.). A single adverbial circumstance, expressed by an adverbial participle, is usually not isolated in a postpositive position in relation to the predicate, but a common adverbial adverbial with the same meaning (adverbial phrase) is isolated. Wed: - Did you see it? - asked the smiling grandmother (M.G.). - A belated hawk flew briskly and straight into the heights, hurrying to its nest (T. ).Members of sentences with the meaning of inclusion, exclusion and substitution with prepositions except, instead, besides, etc. show a tendency to be isolated depending on the degree of prevalence. Wed: ...Instead of words, a dull bubbling sound came out of his chest (Grieg.). - ...Instead of the expected familiar plain with an oak forest to the right and a low white church in the distance, I saw completely different, unknown places to me (T.).

The clarifying nature of one member of a sentence in relation to another is important for isolating definitions, applications, additions, and circumstances. For example: Thick, guards cloth, trousers certainly did not suit either the artisan or the farm laborer (Cat.); There were only two of us Russians, and all the rest were Latvians (N. Ostr.); I want one thing - peace (Kupr.); Far away, somewhere in the thicket, a night bird moaned (M. G.); All night, until the rooster's dawn, Chapaev measured the map and listened to the brave snoring of the commanders (Furm.).

The semantic load of the secondary member of the sentence is important for isolating definitions, applications, and circumstances. A prepositive definition, which has only an attributive meaning, is not isolated, but a definition complicated by an adverbial meaning is isolated. Wed: Brown twigs tangled with peas stuck out closely on the ridges (T.). - Firmly tied to young oak trees, our good horses endured terrible torture from an attack by a gadfly (Ax.). A positive application relating to own name, is not isolated if it has only an attributive meaning, and is isolated if it is complicated by a circumstantial meaning. Wed: ...My comrade Emelyan Pilyai took the pouch out of his pocket for the tenth time... (M. G.). - A man of short stature, Temkin was almost invisible from behind the podium (Azh.). An adverbial expression expressed by a noun in the indirect case with a preposition is isolated if, in addition to its main meaning (for example, temporary), it has an additional connotation of meaning (for example, causal, conditional, concessive). Wed: As night approached, everything around changed strangely (T.).

Separation is the semantic and intonation highlighting of minor members of a sentence to give them greater independence in comparison with other members. Isolated members of a sentence contain an element of an additional message. The additional nature of the message is formed through semi-predicative relations, that is, the relationship of a separate component with the entire grammatical basis. An isolated component expresses an independent event. This is a generally polypropositive sentence.

The distinctions are different. There are separate definitions, circumstances and additions. The main members of the proposal are not isolated. Examples:

Separate definition: The boy, who had fallen asleep in an uncomfortable position right on the suitcase, shuddered.

Special circumstance: Sashka sat on the windowsill, fidgeting in place and swinging his legs.

Separate addition: I heard nothing except the ticking of the alarm clock.

Most often, definitions and circumstances are isolated. Isolated parts of a sentence are highlighted intonationally in oral speech, and punctuationally in written speech.

Separate definitions are divided into:

Agreed

inconsistent

The child, who had fallen asleep in my arms, suddenly woke up.

(agreed separate definition, expressed by participial phrase)

Lyoshka, in an old jacket, was no different from the village children.

(inconsistent isolated definition)

Agreed Definition

The agreed separate definition is expressed:

participial phrase: The child who was sleeping in my arms woke up.

two or more adjectives or participles: The child, well-fed and satisfied, quickly fell asleep.

Note:

A single agreed definition is also possible if the word being defined is a pronoun, for example:

He, full, quickly fell asleep.

Inconsistent definition

An inconsistent isolated definition is most often expressed by noun phrases and refers to pronouns or proper names. Examples: How could you, with your intelligence, not understand her intention?

An inconsistent isolated definition is possible both in the position after and in the position before the word being defined. If an inconsistent definition refers to a defined word expressed by a common noun, then it is isolated only in the position after it:

The guy in the baseball cap kept looking around.

Definition structure

The structure of the definition may vary. They differ:

single definition: excited girl;

two or three single definitions: girl, excited and happy;

a common definition expressed by the phrase: the girl, excited by the news she received,...

1. Single definitions are isolated regardless of the position relative to the word being defined, only if the word being defined is expressed by a pronoun: She, excited, could not sleep.(single isolated definition after the word being defined, expressed by a pronoun) Excited, she could not sleep.(single isolated definition before the word being defined, expressed by a pronoun)

2. Two or three single definitions are isolated if they appear after the word being defined, expressed by a noun: The girl, excited and happy, could not fall asleep for a long time.

If the defined word is expressed by a pronoun, then isolation is also possible in the position before the defined member: Excited and happy, she could not fall asleep for a long time.(isolation of several single definitions before the word being defined - pronoun)

3. A common definition expressed by a phrase is isolated if it refers to the defined word expressed by a noun and comes after it: The girl, excited by the news she received, could not fall asleep for a long time.(a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase, comes after the word being defined, expressed by a noun). If the word being defined is expressed by a pronoun, then the common definition can be in a position either after or before the word being defined: Excited by the news she received, she could not sleep for a long time. She, excited by the news she received, could not sleep for a long time.

Separate definitions with additional adverbial meaning

Definitions preceding the word being defined are separated if they have additional adverbial meanings. These can be both common and single definitions, standing immediately before the defined noun, if they have an additional adverbial meaning (causal, conditional, concessional, etc.). In such cases, the attributive phrase is easily replaced by a subordinate clause of the reason with the conjunction because, subordinate clause conditions with conjunction If, subordinate assignment with conjunction Although. To check the presence of an adverbial meaning, you can use the replacement of the attributive phrase with a phrase with the word being: if such a replacement is possible, then the definition is separated. For example: Severely ill, the mother could not go to work.(additional meaning of reason) Even when she was sick, the mother went to work.(additional value of concession).

Thus, various factors are important for separation:

1) what part of speech the word being defined is expressed by, 2) what is the structure of the definition, 3) what is the definition expressed by, 4) does it express additional adverbial meanings.

Dedicated Applications

Application- This special kind definition expressed by a noun in the same number and case as the noun or pronoun that it defines: jumping dragonfly, beauty maiden. The application could be:

1) single: Mishka, the fidget, tormented everyone;

2) common: Mishka, a terrible fidget, tormented everyone.

An application, both single and widespread, is isolated if it refers to a defined word expressed by a pronoun, regardless of the position: both before and after the defined word:

He is an excellent doctor and helped me a lot.

Great doctor, he helped me a lot.

A common application is isolated if it appears after the defined word expressed by a noun:

My brother, an excellent doctor, treats our whole family.

A single non-widespread application is isolated if the word being defined is a noun with explanatory words: He saw his son, the baby, and immediately began to smile.

Any application is isolated if it appears after a proper name: Mishka, the neighbor's son, is a desperate tomboy.

An application expressed by a proper name is isolated if it serves to clarify or explain: And the neighbor’s son, Mishka, a desperate tomboy, started a fire in the attic.

The application is isolated in the position before the defined word - a proper name, if at the same time an additional adverbial meaning is expressed. The architect from God, Gaudi, could not conceive an ordinary cathedral.

(why? for what reason?)

Application with union How is isolated if the shade of the reason is expressed:

On the first day, as a beginner, everything turned out worse for me than for others.

Note:

Single applications that appear after the word being defined and are not distinguished by intonation during pronunciation are not isolated, because merge with it:

In the darkness of the entrance, I did not recognize Mishka the neighbor.

Note:

Separate applications can be punctuated not with a comma, but with a dash, which is placed if the application is especially emphasized by voice and highlighted by a pause.

New Year is coming soon - children's favorite holiday.

An adverbial clause is a secondary member that in a sentence answers adverbial questions and is expressed by gerunds, participial phrases, and prepositional case constructions. Circumstances characterize the action, sign, method of performing the action (How? How?), place ( Where? Where? Where?), reason ( Why?), condition ( In spite of what? Under what conditions?), target ( For what?). Based on these questions, the category of circumstance and its meaning are determined. Circumstances can be expressed by prepositional-case groups, phraseological units, and infinitives.

An isolated circumstance is a circumstance that may have different meanings and which is distinguished by intonation (in pronunciation) and punctuation (in writing).

(Stumbling, she almost fell to her knees. Rodion, jumping up and down with impatience, tried to keep pace with his father. From the blow he began to slide on the ice, like a puck. Despite the tears and worries, the day was successful.)

1. An isolated circumstance can be expressed by a single gerundial participle or a gerundial participle with dependent words. This type of circumstance is distinguished by commas, regardless of its place in the sentence. ( Lying on the shelf, he stared blankly at the ceiling of the carriage. He was sitting on the windowsill, lazily waving your legs. He, humming to yourself, walked slowly towards the alley).

2. Isolation of circumstances that are expressed by prepositional case forms of a noun is optional. Their isolation depends on the semantic load (the combination of two or more adverbial meanings), a weak syntactic connection with the predicate, expressed verb, or on the stylistic tasks set by the author.

If a circumstance has a comparative meaning and is expressed by a noun with prepositions (as if, as if, as if, exactly), then this is a separate circumstance. (He was bouncing on the trampoline, like a ball. Like a storm An annoyed Victor stormed around the room. Natalia, as if sleepy, She squinted her eyes in confusion.)

3. A circumstance that has the meaning of a concession is considered separate if it begins with a union despite. (Despite the morning rush of energy, now she felt a little dizzy).

Note

An isolated circumstance can sometimes be expressed by a group of words preceding the predicate and beginning with prepositions ( due to, in the presence of, in the absence of, thanks to, in view of, according to, contrary to, as a result). (Examples. Thanks to his strong character, Elena overcame sudden difficulties. But: Elena overcame sudden difficulties thanks to his strong character. Contrary to the Charter and the requirements of the authorities, Sergei came to the training camp in a blue shirt. But: Sergei came to the training camp in a blue shirt contrary to the requirements of the Charter.)

4. If the sentence contains a homogeneous isolated circumstance, then it is placed in the same way, with the usual homogeneous members. ( Waving your arms, bouncing awkwardly, shouting loudly for joy, he rushed down the road. He rushed down the road waving his arms, jumping high. Waving his arms and shouting loudly, he was running along the road . )

Sentences with isolated adverbials are similar in structure to other syntactic structures that do not require punctuation.

Remember! Commas are not used if circumstances

• Expressed (He approached the preparation of the project carelessly).
• Expressed by uncommon single gerunds. It is believed that these words (sitting, lying, reluctantly, without looking, etc.) are substantivized, i.e. formed by transitioning one part of speech (adverb in this case) to another (gerund participle). (We talked sitting. But: We talked sitting in chairs.

*Note. If a circumstance is expressed by an ordinary participle formed from a verb, it is necessarily isolated. ( Turning away, she wiped away her tears).

Separate themselves	Not isolated
1. Participles with dependent words, as well as two or more participles related to one verb: 1) Holding the jug above her head, the Georgian woman walked along a narrow path to the shore. Sometimes she slid between the stones, laughing at awkwardness his. (L.); 2) The sun, hidden behind a narrow bluish cloud, gilds its edges. (New-Pr.); 3) From the Urals to the Danube, to big river The shelves move, swaying and sparkling. (L.)	1. Participles with dependent words, which have turned into stable figures of speech that have become sensible expressions (usually they come after the verb to which they refer: carelessly, rolling up sleeves, headlong, without taking a breath, etc.): 1) The boy ran headlong (very quickly); 2) We will work with our sleeves rolled up (unitedly, persistently). But: The father rolled up his sleeves and washed his hands thoroughly.
2. Single gerunds, if they do not have the meaning of an adverb (usually they come before the verb): 1) Having made some noise, the river calmed down and returned to its banks. (Floor.); 2) The roar, without stopping, rolls on. (CM.); 3) The steppe turned brown and began to smoke, drying out. (V.Sh.)	2. Single gerunds, having the meaning of a simple adverb, acting as an adverb of the manner of action (usually they come after the verb): 1) Yakov walked slowly (slowly). (M.G.); 2) He talked about the walk laughing (cheerfully).
	3. Participles with dependent words, closely merging in meaning with the verb: The old man sat with his head down. What is important here is not that the old man was sitting, but that he was sitting with his head down.
	4. Groups of homogeneous members, consisting of an adverb and a gerund: The boy answered questions frankly and without any embarrassment.
Participles and participial phrases connected by a conjunction and, like others homogeneous members, commas are not separated from each other: I looked back. At the edge of the forest. With one ear attached and the other raised, the hare jumped over. (L.T.) In all other cases, gerunds and participial phrases are separated by a comma from the conjunction preceding or following them and: 1) The batteries jump and rattle in a copper formation, and... smoking, as before a battle, the wicks burn. (L.) 2) " Eagle* finally went, having developed a move, and, having caught up with the squadron, took his place in the ranks. (New-Pr.)

Isolation of circumstances expressed by nouns

1. Circumstances of concession expressed by nouns with a preposition despite, are separated: 1) Despite the difference in characters and the apparent severity of Artyom, the brothers loved each other deeply. (BUT.); 2) The next morning, despite the owners' begging, Daria Alexandrovna got ready to go. (L. T.); 3) The day was hot, bright, radiant, despite the occasional rain. (T.)

2. Isolation of other circumstances, expressed by nouns with prepositions is optional. Isolation depends on the intentions and goals of the author, as well as the prevalence or non-prevalence of the circumstances and their place in the sentence. More common circumstances are isolated more often than less common ones; circumstances occurring at the beginning or middle of a sentence (before the predicate) are isolated more often than those at the end of the sentence: Due to the lack of a room for those arriving at the station, we were given overnight accommodation in a smoky hut. (L.) But: He didn’t go to the cinema due to lack of time. Circumstances isolated in this way are closer in meaning to subordinate clauses.

Most often, the following circumstances are isolated: 1) circumstances of reason with prepositions thanks to, according to, in view of, as a result of or with prepositional combinations for the reason, by chance, for lack of, due to etc.: I went by postal service, and he, due to heavy luggage, couldn't follow me. (L.); 2) circumstances of the condition with prepositional combinations in the presence, in the absence, provided, etc.: Yacht racing, subject to favorable weather, will take place next Sunday; 3) the circumstances of the concession with the pretext contrary to: Our parking lot is in Kamrang Bay, contrary to the expectations of many, dragged on. (New-Pr.)