Volokolamsk detachment of the Brotherhood of Orthodox Pathfinders.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

FBGOU VPO KSPU im. V.P. Astafieva

Faculty of History

Scout movement

Completed by: 2nd year student

group of Kovalev D.V.

Checked by: department teacher

Tyutyukova O.N.

Krasnoyarsk 2013

Introduction

Serving God

Scouting in Russia

Modernity

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Colonel Sir Robert Stevenson Smith Baden-Powell founded the Scout movement in 1907 in Great Britain. In 1907, he held the first camp on Brownsea Island (Great Britain), and in 1908, the world-famous book “Scouting for boys” was published.

The germ of the idea of scouting emerged during the siege of Mafeking during the Second Boer War (1899-1902), where Baden-Powell served as a brigade commander.

For development scout movement were greatly influenced by the works of Ernest Seton-Thompson and Daniel Carter Bird.

The Scout movement is a worldwide youth movement dedicated to the physical, spiritual and mental development of young people so that youth can take a constructive place in society. This is achieved through non-formal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, called the Scout method. The Scout organization is voluntary, apolitical and independent.

The word scout is translated from English as scout. Therefore, scouting is also sometimes called reconnaissance.

Name

Pathfinder is not just a translation from the English word scout, but an appeal to the history of Holy Rus', the heirs of which we feel ourselves to be. We want children to follow in their lives the path that the righteous and ascetics of the Russian land walked to God. According to the words of the Apostle Peter: “...if you endure while doing good and suffering, this pleases God. For you have been called to this, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, so that we would follow in His footsteps.”

Goals of the Brotherhood of Orthodox Pathfinders

The Brotherhood of Orthodox Pathfinders begins its history on December 6, 1990, from the founding of the Orthodox Scout Squad of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky.

The Brotherhood unites children, youth and adults seeking genuine personal development. Personality is the image of God in each of us, which is given to us as a gift from birth. But in order for this image to develop, we strive to become like, that is, to become as similar as possible to the Lord. For the development of our personality and its assimilation to the Divine image, we are given all our earthly life which must be lived in such a way that every day becomes another step upward. But going through these steps is not easy at all. Often we fall down or mark time, we do not dare to move forward, to make an effort on ourselves. Although no one can walk our path for us, when people unite, it is easier for them to move forward together.

Orthodox Pathfinders see their purpose in service.

Serving God

Serving God consists of following the commandments and instructions of the Lord. The Holy Scripture contains everything necessary to choose the right path in life, and there are instructions just in case to follow this path. The main divine commandment lies in the words of the Savior: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself” (Luke 10:27)

Serving the Fatherland and your loved ones

This service requires the ranger to constantly have a sensitive heart and attention to the needs and concerns of others. The Pathfinder strives to be useful to other people and prepares for this. To be truly useful, a person first needs a good soul and good intentions. But intentions must certainly be supported by a wide variety of knowledge, skills and abilities that can be applied in practical activities. In order for the service of a ranger to benefit people, one must strengthen one’s character and cultivate an ascetic attitude towards material goods (that is, be able to use the most necessary things and be content with little).

Service to Self

This service does not mean catering to one's own whims, but demonstrates a deep understanding of human nature and what a person needs most in life. And most of all, we need moral cleansing, which is achieved through repentance and humility, awareness of our weakness. Modern teenagers, trying to be “cool,” flaunt physical strength, material wealth, or simply arrogance in front of each other. But the words of St. are addressed to them. Alexander Nevsky: “God is not in power, but in truth.” Living in truth is not very easy; for this the soul must constantly work. If you want to win in sports, then you will exhaust yourself with hours of daily training, despite physical fatigue. If you want to defeat the evil in yourself, then you need to make much more effort.

Scouting in Russia

Scouting originated in Russia in 1909. The founder of the Russian scout movement is Colonel Oleg Ivanovich Pantyukhov (since 1919 he had the title of Senior Russian Scout). The first scout fire was lit on April 30, 1909 in Pavlovsky Park. After this, intelligence in Russia begins to actively develop. In 1915, the first troop of young scouts (girl scouts) in Russia was created in Kyiv. By the fall of 1917, there were 50 thousand scouts in 143 cities.

In 1915, Nikolai Aduev wrote the scout anthem - “Be ready!”, set to music by the editor of the magazine “Around the World” Vladimir Popov, who was the head of the first Moscow scout troop (the latter also wrote the words and music of the popular scout song “Potato”, famous in the USSR under the guise of a pioneer song). Also in 1915, Popov created the world's first scouting museum, and the following year he organized a detachment of river scouts.

One of the first scout groups, the Legion of Young Scouts, was created by the Latin teacher of the first St. Petersburg gymnasium, Vasily Grigorievich Yanchevetsky (future writer Ian). The gymnasium was located on the corner of Kabinetskaya (now Pravda) and Ivanovskaya (now Socialist), a detachment was created from among its students.

After the October Revolution, the scout movement disintegrated. If in the areas occupied by whites, traditional scouting was preserved, adhering to a patriotic and anti-Soviet position (many scouts, in particular, were participants in the anti-Soviet underground; a number of leaders of scout organizations in the Crimea and Ukraine were arrested by the Cheka and shot) - then Soviet territory There were attempts in one form or another to combine the scout organization with revolutionary ideology (the “pioneer” movement of Innokenty Zhukov and the “Yukist” movement - “young communist scouts” who adopted red ties). Finally, there was a fundamentally apolitical movement of “forest brothers” - forest rangers who continued the tourist-naturalist traditions based on the books of Seton-Thompson. However, the Komsomol, seeing its rivals in the scouts, had a sharply negative attitude towards all these forms and already in 1919 declared war on them. Scouting was declared a reactionary, bourgeois and monarchical phenomenon (for details, see the article pioneer movement). The persecution especially intensified from the beginning of 1922, when it was decided to create a children's communist organization, which adopted a number of external forms scouting After this, scout organizations in Soviet Russia were banned. The symbols were torn off from the boy scouts and they were “worked through” at meetings; the pioneers beat them and reported them to the OGPU. The most persistent of the scout organizations survived until the spring of 1923, when the last scout meeting was held in May near the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye near Moscow. The rally participants walked in uniform and with banners. The rally was dispersed, and its organizers were arrested.

In April 1926, the OGPU made mass arrests of scouts (about 1,000 scout leaders were arrested, sent mainly to the Solovetsky camp). Scout organizations, however, continued to exist underground for some time, such as the Brotherhood of the Campfire, whose members sang:

There are ten of us, do you hear, ten!

And the eldest is not twenty

Of course we can be hanged

But we must find it first!

The underground scouts continued to maintain relations with the emigration scouts and Pantyukhov until 1927.

As a result, only the pioneer movement remained in the USSR, which was built on the basis of scouting. However, thousands of Russian scouts continued their activities abroad, creating the National Organization of Russian Scouts (NORS) under the leadership of Pantyukhov. Russian scouts could be found in Western Europe, Australia, South and North America.

In 1990, the scouting movement was officially allowed. The revival of Russian scouting began.

The approximate number of Russian Scouting for 2007 is 30,000 people. Now in Russia there is no single scouting organization. Some of the largest Russian organizations can be called: Russian Association of Navigators/Scouts - National Organization of Russia), All-Russian National Scout Organization, Russian Scout Organization, Organization of Russian Young Scouts, National Organization of Russian Scouts, Brotherhood of Orthodox Pathfinders, Russian Union of Scouts, Russian Girl Scout Association.

Modernity

Scouting currently has over 38 million members in 217 countries and territories, represented through several Scout Associations on international level. Recently, the movement of traditional scouting has become very significant. Scout organizations are united into the World Organization of the Scout Movement.

Scout method

Education in scouting is carried out using the scout method. The basis of the scout method is as follows:

Promise-based education. Each participant voluntarily undertakes to live up to the image laid down in the promise and laws. Namely, awareness of one’s duty to God, civic duty and duty to oneself.

Patrol system or microgroup system.

Personal growth of participants (stimulating and developmental programs) - special programs encouraging participants to self-improvement, through development, fulfillment of civic and spiritual duty, through participation in local, regional national and international projects. The use of new and old forms, such as specialties, rank system, project activities, cyclic games, etc.

Outdoor activities. Constant practice of self-affirmation and development through active activities in nature, while carrying out all kinds of one-time forms, traditional, pioneering - research activities.

Traditions (established at the beginning of the movement, supplemented by the participants themselves).

“Learning by doing” is a method introduced at the beginning of the last century from pedagogy, when the basis of learning was the mandatory translation of theory into practice.

Adult support. The general task is to give the organization a dynamically developing and social character. Small group management system and courses at various levels, international exchange experience, rotation of managers, steps of growth, titles, positions.

Be ready!

The Scout motto is “be prepared!” (eng. Be Prepared); in English it is abbreviated to the first letters in the same way as the surname of the founder of the Scout movement (B.P.).

The origin of this phrase stems from the original patriotic nature of the Scout movement. Baden-Powell wrote on February 12, 1908 in an article in Boy Scouting magazine: “Be prepared to die for your country if necessary; so when the moment comes, leave the house with confidence and without thinking about whether they will kill you or not.”

Scout Laws and the Scout Promise

One of the principles of the Scout method is living by the promise and Scout Laws. Every person, when joining scouts, makes a promise.

The basis of the promise is 3 principles on which all scouting is built:

Duty to God

Duty to the Motherland and others

Duty to Self

Scout promise: “On my word of honor, I promise, to the best of my ability, to fulfill my duty to God, the Motherland and my neighbors and to fulfill the laws of Orthodox rangers.”

The Pathfinder is faithful to God, devoted to the Motherland, parents and neighbors.

The Pathfinder is honest.

The Pathfinder strives to be useful to others.

The Pathfinder is friendly.

The Pathfinder is polite and modest.

The Pathfinder is a friend of nature.

A Pathfinder follows the instructions of his parents and leaders.

The Pathfinder is cheerful and never loses heart.

The Pathfinder is hardworking and persistent.

The Pathfinder is pure in thought, word and deed

Symbolism and traditions

Scout emblem - lily (shamrock). The lily has been a symbol of Scouting since its inception. It is now used by 16 million Scouts in many countries around the world. The three ends of the lily represent the three elements of the Scout Oath: duty to oneself, to others, to God. The lilies of many Russian scout organizations depict St. George. He is the patron saint of Russian scouts.

Insert picture

Scout lily.

Scout emblems of different organizations may differ significantly. But they all have an obligatory element - a lily (trefoil).

Scout handshake

Scouts all over the world shake hands with their left hand rather than their right, which is a sign of special friendship and faith. This is explained by the fact that left hand closer to the heart.

Scout salute

The Scout salute is given in full uniform and on ceremonial occasions such as the raising and lowering of the national flag and the recitation of the Scout Oath. A variant of this salute symbol is the scout sign, during which right hand rises to shoulder level, two fingers - the thumb and little finger are connected, two or three, depending on the age of the scout, are tightly clenched (index, middle and ring). The three fingers symbolize the three basic principles of scouting. The thumb and little finger joined together indicate that in scouting the elder helps the younger.

Group pennant

Each group (scout patrol) has its own pennant. Larger elements of the scout movement (patrol, squad, regional, national organization) have their own banner.

Group Cry

The call (cry) of the group should be simple and short, express the general mood, common goals and joint activities.

Scout foulard (tie)

The foulard is mandatory and is a distinctive element for each scout group; they can be varied in color depending on the organization, gender, rank, and can have the colors of the flag, coat of arms of a city, region, or country. The Scout foulard is tied with a special knot - a friendship knot. Also, instead of a knot, a special clamp is sometimes used. Unlike, for example, the pioneer tie of the times of the USSR, the scout tradition allows the use of a foulard for a variety of purposes: you can bandage a wound, remove a hot pot from a fire, or pull a rope at a crossing by protecting your palm with a foulard.

Scout insignia

Special signs in the form of stripes that a scout wears on his uniform indicate his achievements and one or another scout “specialty”, for example, in cooking, first aid, sports improvement, etc.

Conclusion

scout fraternity

World social experience shows that children are the most sensitive “barometer” of the social, economic and political life of their country. Children and youth are not protected either morally, physically or materially from the cataclysms of change. Therefore, the primary task for every nation should be to take care of the younger generations. This was understood both by the ancient rulers and modern politicians. Only the reaction to the formation of the spiritual needs of children and youth was different.

Having abandoned its communist past, Russia declared new principles and social approaches.

The defining characteristics of the current period of Russian history, in our opinion, can be considered the following:

The relations of socialized property, the management of which was a privilege, were destroyed state institutions authorities. The process of establishing other, privately owned economic relations is underway, in which the management function becomes the prerogative of financiers.

. The “Soviet” society, which was under the control of the party nomenklatura, was abolished. The new socio-economic social structure takes on a clearly defined nature, class-based, internally contradictory and conflicting, but at the same time capable of dynamic development.

The doctrine of Marxism, which claimed to be the only moral and scientific authority for Russians, has become obsolete in the public consciousness. The obscurantism of communist ideology is replaced not by borrowed Western liberal rules, but by Russian national idea. In place of official atheism is the traditional Russian worldview, based on the religious foundations of the indigenous peoples of the country, where Orthodoxy is the unconditional dominant.

The problem of the younger generation, which is directly related to the topic of our research, turned out to be among the primary tasks of Russia. The problem of childhood is difficult to overestimate, especially if it has become relevant during the period of systemic changes and reforms of the entire Russian society and state since the mid-1980s. until the end of the 20th century.

Currently in Russia there is no government opposition to the scouting movement. At the same time, the history of Russian society knows examples of how in the 20s of the 20th century the state interfered in the affairs of this youth, social movement and organizations working according to the Scout Method. It is noteworthy that they intervened at the request of another youth organization, which has a very definite political overtones and structure.

Thus, in 1921, the Komsomol Central Committee asked the GPU to trace and arrest the participants in the All-Russian Scout Meeting in Moscow1. From this position - the confrontation between society and community groups, modern scouts of Russia, paradoxically, are able to satisfy the claims of both traditionalists (the imperial-minded part of society) and cosmopolitan modernists who want to see Russian society, using the best from the experience of world civilization and individual countries. The pro-socialist part of society is definitely impressed by scout discipline and uniform, evoking indispensable associations with the pioneer organization in its heyday.

The urgency and effectiveness of the Scout Method in Russia is proven by an interesting historical analogy from the preamble of the Declaration of Scoutmasters of Moscow in 1922. One can find amazing in its sincerity and relevance for modern Russia provisions: “Issues of social education are now taking on an extremely acute form in connection with the new economic policy, which has caused a reduction in the network government agencies serving children and, as a result, pushing them under the corrupting influence of the street.

Promiscuity, hooliganism, profiteering and physical degeneration of the huge mass of children are now such an obvious fact that to pass by it means to turn a blind eye to the sad future of the younger generation.

At the same time, the modern approach to education in orphanages, boarding schools, and schools, not to mention the so-called unorganized children (“street children”), due to both general economic devastation and the lack of a sufficient cadre of teachers who can perceive and implement the principles of labor pedagogy, does not meet the tasks assigned to it.

Practical workers of the scouting pedagogical system have repeatedly pointed out that this system has given rise to a broad children's movement built on the principles of self-organization and initiative. With little support from the state, it can provide very significant assistance in solving the complex task of social (and physical) education of children. But the organization has not yet made sufficient serious attempts in this direction.”

We consider the scout movement as a complex socio-cultural phenomenon in Russian public life.

References

What Scouting is - a book for the Scout leader (World Organization of the Scout Movement), 1992.

S. Vozdvizhensky - Scout method (Petrozavodsk, 2004).ru - Central website of scout scouts of Russia

Kudryashov Yu. V. - Russian scout movement. Historical sketch. (Scientific ed.). - Arkhangelsk: Pomorsky Publishing House state university, 1997

Polchaninov R.V. - KNE notes. San Francisco, 1997

Course material for training scout leaders “History of the Scout Movement” Chapter 2. From the archives of O. E. Levitsky, Santa Rosa, California, April 1995.

A. Shobodoeva. - Russian scouting: history, theory, practice. - Omsk: State Pedagogical University Publishing House, 1995

Robert Baden-Powell - Scouting for Boys. England, London. 1908

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History of world scouting

In December 1915, Tsytovich took an active part in organizing the First All-Russian Congress of Scouting, held in Petrograd. At the congress, he read several fundamental reports on the scouting movement: “The relationship between family, school and scout organizations” and “Ethical foundations of scouting”, in the above-mentioned report, E. P. Tsytovich uttered several slogans, which were later adopted by the pioneer organizations of the USSR, that’s what he wrote:

Let us hope that... that the lighted star of scouting over Russian youth will flare up with a bright light throughout the vast expanse of our dear homeland and that hundreds of thousands of Russian boys and girls will respond to the call: “Be prepared!” will answer harmoniously, cheerfully and cheerfully: “Always Ready!”

In 1915, the first scout congress took place, which approved the charter, organizational structure, symbols, etc. of Russian scouting. By the fall of 1917, there were 50 thousand scouts in 143 cities.

There are ten of us, do you hear, ten!
And the eldest is not twenty
Of course we can be hanged
But we must find it first!

The underground scouts continued to maintain relations with the emigration scouts and Pantyukhov until 1927.

In the photo above: Colonel Sulin and scouts Staritsky, Grushetsky, Nikonov, Bek, Olimpiev, Pukhlyakov and Romashov from the National Organization of Russian Scout Scouts under the auspices of Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna, led by Colonel P. N. Bogdanovich. France, Capbreton,

Scout method

Education in scouting is carried out using the scout method. The basis of the scout method is as follows:

Promise-based education. Each participant voluntarily undertakes to live up to the image laid down in the promise and laws. Namely, awareness of one’s duty to God, civic duty and duty to oneself.
Patrol system or microgroup system.
Personal growth of participants (stimulating and developmental programs) - special programs that encourage participants to self-improvement through development, fulfillment of civic and spiritual duty, through participation in local, regional, national and international projects. The use of new and old forms, such as specialties, rank system, project activities, cyclic games, etc.
Outdoor activities. Constant practice of self-affirmation and development through active activities in nature, while carrying out all kinds of one-time forms, traditional, pioneering - research activities.
Traditions (established at the beginning of the movement, supplemented by the participants themselves).
“Learning by doing” is a method introduced at the beginning of the last century from pedagogy, when the basis of learning was the mandatory translation of theory into practice.
Adult support. The general task is to give the organization a dynamically developing and social character. Microgroup management system and courses at various levels, international exchange of experience, rotation of managers, steps of growth, titles, positions.

Be ready!

The scouts' motto is " get ready!"(English) Be Prepared); in English it is abbreviated to the first letters in the same way as the surname of the founder of the Scout movement ( B.P.).

The origin of this phrase stems from the original patriotic nature of the Scout movement. Baden-Powell wrote in a February 12 article in Boy Scouting magazine: “ Be prepared to die for your country if necessary; so when the moment comes, leave the house with confidence and without thinking about whether they will kill you or not.»

In other languages

Scout chapters around the world use the motto " get ready!» in their native languages.

Azerbaijani: Daima Hazir
Albanian: Ji Gati or Pergatitu
English: Be Prepared
Arab: Kun Musta'idan
Armenian: Միշտ պատրաստ (verbatim: always ready: Misht Patrast)
Belorussian: Napagatove
Bulgarian: Be ready
Hungarian: Legy Resen
Vietnamese: Sắp Sẵn
Dutch: Weest Paraat
Georgian: იყავი მზად (íq’avi mzad)
Greek: Έσω Έτοιμος
Hebrew: היה נכון (hey nachon)
Irish: Bí Ullamh
Spanish: Siempre Listo or Siempre Alerta(“always ready”, “always ready”)
Italian: Sii Preparato(also in Italy the Latin phrase is very often used Estote Parati)
Kazakh: “Daiyn bol”
Kyrgyz: Dayar Bol
Chinese: 準備
Latvian: Esi Modrs
Latin: Estote Parati
Lithuanian: Budek
Macedonian: Budi spreman
Malay: Selalu Bersedia
Maltese: Kun Lest
Mongolian: Belen bol
German: Allzeit bereit!
Norwegian: Alltid Beredt
Pashto: Tayar Osay
Polish: Czuwaj
Russian: Be ready
Serbian: Budi spreman
Slovenian: Bodi pripravljen! or Bud Pripavany
Tagalog: Laging Hand(verbatim: always ready)
Thai: จงเตรียมพร้อม
Turkmen: Daima Häzir
Uigur: Tayyar Bol
Ukrainian: Get ready, and also S.K.O.B.(“Sylno, Krasno, Oberezhno, Fast” (Russian. Strong, Beautiful, Careful, Fast ))
Farsi: Aamadh Baash
Finnish: Ole valmis
French: Sois Prêt or Toujours Prêt
Croatian: Budi Pripraven
Czech: Bud Připraven
Swedish: Var redo
Esperanto: Estu preta
Estonian: Ole Valmis
Yakut: Balham Buol
Japanese: そなえよつねに

Scout Laws and the Scout Promise

One of the principles of the Scout method is living by the promise and Scout Laws. Every person, when joining scouts, makes a promise.

The basis of the promise is 3 principles on which all scouting is built:

Duty to God
Duty to the Motherland and others
Duty to Self

Scout Promise:“I promise on my word of honor that I will fulfill my duty to God and the Motherland, help my neighbors and live according to the laws of intelligence officers.”

Scouts live by certain laws. They are formulated differently in every organization. As an example, let us cite laws from the Charter of the Organization of Russian Young Scouts.

The scout is faithful to God, devoted to the Motherland, parents and superiors.
The scout is honest and truthful.
A scout helps his neighbors.
A scout is a friend to everyone and a brother to every other scout.
The scout carries out the orders of his parents and superiors.
The scout is polite and helpful.
Scout is a friend of animals and nature.
The Scout is thrifty and respects other people's property.
The scout is pure in thoughts, words, deeds, body and soul.
The scout is hardworking and persistent.
The scout is cheerful and never loses heart.
The scout is modest.

Symbolism and traditions

Emblem

Scout emblems of different organizations may differ significantly. But they all have an obligatory element - a lily (trefoil).

Scout handshake

Scouts all over the world shake hands with their left hand rather than their right, which is a sign of special friendship and faith. This is explained by the fact that in African tribes, when greeting, a spear held in the right hand was stuck into the ground, and the shield was transferred from the left hand to the right, thus showing that you trust the person you are greeting.

Scout salute

The Scout salute is given in full uniform and on ceremonial occasions such as the raising and lowering of the national flag and the recitation of the Scout Oath. A variant of this salute symbol is the scout sign, during which the right hand is raised to shoulder level, two fingers - the thumb and little finger are connected, two or three, depending on the age of the scout, are tightly clenched (index, middle and ring). The three fingers symbolize the three basic principles of scouting. The thumb and little finger joined together indicate that in scouting the elder helps the younger.

Group pennant

Each group (scout patrol) has its own pennant. Larger elements of the scout movement (patrol, squad, regional, national organization) have their own banner.

Group Cry

The call (cry) of the group should be simple and short, expressing a common mood, common goals and joint activities.

Scout tie

A tie is mandatory and is a distinctive element for each Scout group; they can be varied in color depending on the organization, gender, rank, and can have the colors of the flag, coat of arms of a city, region, or country. The Scout tie is tied with a special knot - a friendship knot. Also, instead of a knot, a special clamp is sometimes used. Unlike, for example, the pioneer tie of the times of the USSR, the scout tradition allows the use of a tie for a variety of purposes: you can bandage a wound, remove a hot pot from a fire, or pull a rope at a crossing by protecting your palm with a tie.

Scout insignia

Special signs in the form of stripes that a scout wears on his uniform indicate his achievements in one or another scout “specialty”, for example, in cooking, first aid, sports improvement, etc.

Sources

What Scouting is - a book for the Scout leader (World Organization of the Scout Movement), 1992.
S. Vozdvizhensky - Scout method (Petrozavodsk, 2004)
Scouts.ru - Central website of Russian scouts
Kudryashov Yu. V. - Russian scout movement. Historical sketch. (Scientific ed.). - Arkhangelsk: Pomeranian State University Publishing House, 1997.
Polchaninov R.V. - KNE notes. San Francisco, 1997
Course material for training scout leaders “History of the Scout Movement” Chapter 2. From the archives of O. E. Levitsky, Santa Rosa, California, April 1995.
A. Shobodoeva. - Russian scouting: history, theory, practice. - Omsk: State Pedagogical University Publishing House, 1995
Newspaper “Novaya Gazeta” No. 69 dated September 21, 2000
Robert Baden-Powell - Scouting for Boys. England, London. 1908

A. V. Shobodoeva

HISTORY OF THE SCOUTING MOVEMENT

Reprinted from: Shobodoeva A. Russian scouting: history, theory, practice. – Omsk: Publishing house State Pedagogical University, 1995.

Robert Baden-Powell - founder of the world scouting movement

The organizer and chief of the world organization of scouts is rightfully considered to be the English General Robert Stephenson Smith Baden-Powell (B-P), a man who chose a military career and spent his entire life in the campaigns of the English colonial troops. As part of the Thirteenth Hussars Cavalry, he was sent to serve in India. Having loved hunting since childhood, B-P soon became famous as the best tracker and hunter, perfectly knowing the secrets of the jungle. The harsh conditions of service in India quickly developed strong character, perseverance, composure and determination. B-P's favorite hunt was tracking wild boars and fighting them one-on-one with a spear. This type of hunting was so dangerous that many hunters rarely took part in it. Here in India, B-P also became known as a good field scout, who formed a squad of scouts from the soldiers of his regiment. From the pages of his diary one can see that it was here that the idea of the educational significance of reconnaissance training, camp life and hunting appeared.

B-P participated in almost all expeditions of the English colonial army in different parts of the world, and in 1890 he ended up on the island of Malta, where he first encountered the legends and traditions of the knightly order of the Ionites. Their laws served in the future as the foundation for the creation of a set of moral laws for scouts.

In 1899, the Anglo-Boer War began. It was unlikely to be fair on both sides, but the sympathies of many were on the side of the Boers. Since B-P served in the British army and was a patriot of his empire, he fought with the Boer troops. Due to his duty, he found himself in a small weakly fortified town of Mayfiking. The city was besieged by troops that outnumbered its garrison. There was a catastrophic shortage of soldiers, and then the idea arose to gather city boys. Thus appeared the first troop of boy cyclists, or, as they were called, Mayfiking cadets, who replaced the adults. Despite the danger, they carried orders on bicycles, served as messengers, patrol officers, and observers. Their valor often inspired adults. The siege lasted 217 days, and news of it and the courage of the city boys reached England.

Suddenly, B-P began to receive letters from English children who admired their peers and really wanted to be like them. B-P returns to England and becomes convinced of the shortcomings of the English educational system. School, in his opinion, cannot shape a child’s character; it only provides a certain amount of knowledge.

The internal state of English youth is so crushing for B-P that he, being a military man and not a teacher, is seriously thinking about the future of the country and the fate of the new generation. Reading work B-P, we can clearly formulate the reasons that led him to scouting:

Firstly, the Boer War. While participating in it, B-P saw firsthand how much the morale and physical strength of the enemy exceeded that of the British soldiers: they quickly died from disease, did not know how to eat plant foods in an unfamiliar area, or choose sources of water.

-secondly, having arrived in England, B-P was struck by the nation’s excessive passion for sports, in particular football. But as a sport, not as participation in competitions, but as a spectacle, where the crowd, losing power over itself, roared with excitement.

Thirdly, the rise of bullying in English schools. B-P noticed and clearly identified the signs of the decay of the empire and made a completely logical conclusion:

“The nation is showing signs of illness. We can define this disease as a decline in civic spirit. The remedy for curing social ills is the younger generation and its education.”

This could not be more relevant today for our country.

In 1907 there was first attempt to check the logicality of criticism of the existing educational system. B-P gathered a group of boys representing different social strata of society and organized a camp with them on Brownsea Island. The camp was a tent camp, and only 22 people took part in it. The success of this experience was so obvious that in 1908 his book appeared, which outlined the basics of scouting “ Scouting for boys ”, which instantly sold out in England. The movement spreads throughout the country, penetrates into the colonies, and B-P understands that it must be brought to its logical conclusion, that is, to create an organization. The Boy Scout movement was officially founded in 1908. In 1910, B-P finally left military service and devoted himself entirely to the leadership of his brainchild.

Back in 1909, at the anniversary celebration of the Movement at the Crystal Palace in London, B-P was surprised by the presence of girls who declared themselves Girl Scouts. He thought that if they wanted to participate in scouting, they should have their own name, their own organization, their own program that took into account the interests of girls. So in 1909, a plan for organizing girl guides appeared. This name did not arise by chance. B-P knew about the Indian corps of guides, which had glorified itself in India for its courage, resourcefulness and dexterity. B-P believed that a woman should be at the head of the girls’ movement. In 1910, he turned to his sister Agnes with a request to remake his book for girls. Scouting for boys " This year was the year of the formal formation of the Guide movement. In 1919, Olav, B-P's wife, created the International Council to establish contacts among Girl Scouts throughout the world. The development of the International Council in 1928 led to the creation world association Girl Scouts. By 1913, the scouting movement was growing in size in all European countries and North America. The outbreak of the world war shows B-P that his work was not in vain. A few hours later, for example, after the start of the war, detachments of English scouts gathered and began work to protect bridges, railways, and telegraph lines along the sea coast. Thousands of young men moved to the front, ready for camp life.

Ernest Seton-Thompson

It is unfair to talk about the emergence of scouting and mention only B-P. Another person played a major role here - the Canadian animal writer Ernest Seton-Thompson.

In 1901, he created a nature reserve in Connecticut. Children from surrounding villages staged regular series of pogroms there. Seton-Thompson did not take the traditional route and did not contact the police. He remembered his childhood, when as a fourteen-year-old teenager, together with his comrades, he organized a tribe of Indians, which was later renamed the Robin Hood Gang. Seeing the destruction caused to the forest, he simply went to school and invited children over twelve years old to spend the weekend in the reserve, promising to organize an interesting game. This was the beginning of the movement of Indian forest experts. It did not become an organization.

There is a legend that Seton-Thompson and B-P met in England, and the famous writer shared his experience. And when scouts appeared in the USA in 1910, Seton-Thompson supported the new endeavor, and in 1916 he became the first American Chief Scout.

Created in Paris in 1922 international organization to coordinate the activities of the scout movement in the world. It is currently called the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).

Russian scouts

How were things going in Russia? The founder of the B-P scout movement (according to unverified data) visited Russia twice. The first time was as a spy, when he, together with his brother, also a scout, tried to penetrate the territory of a military unit in Tsarskoe Selo in order to investigate the structure of Russian military balloons. The brothers were detained, but they managed to escape and reach an English merchant ship that was waiting for them in the harbor of St. Petersburg. The second time he appeared in Russia along with his new educational system. The first Russian version " Scouting for boys "was published by the Academy of the General Staff and was published under the title "Young Scout". And in Russia, the founders of this initiative were also the military, in particular, the captain of the first Life Guards Infantry Regiment of His Majesty Oleg Ivanovich Pantyukhov. He was born on October 3, 1882. His father was a doctor and a famous anthropologist. Pantyukhov studied at the Tiflis Cadet Corps, then at the Pavlovsk Military School in St. Petersburg. Let us remember that Russia lost the war with Japan in 1904-1905 and, like B-P, many Russians had the idea of the need to give young people a patriotic education. So, in 1908, the “amusing” movement arose. This name was taken in memory of the boys with whom Peter the Great played war, and then created the best of them guards regiments- Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky. This movement took place under the auspices of the Ministry of Education in the form of paramilitary detachments, first for rural and then for urban youth.

Retired non-commissioned officers taught boys to march, sing drill songs, and perform maneuvers with wooden guns. But Pantyukhov understood that such an organization was narrow in its goals and too militarized. Like B-P, he rejected the militarization of children. In his autobiographical book “About Bygone Days,” Oleg Ivanovich recalled his childhood, when in the last class of the Tiflis Cadet Corps a circle of 5-6 people was formed, called the Pushkin Club. And he emphasized, agreeing with B-P, that boys and young men should be led by their peers, and the task of adults is only to help them.

The spring of 1909 came, it was the end training sessions. On a playground for outdoor games in Pavlovsk, from the boys who surrounded him, Oleg Ivanovich chose seven people, and wrote down the rest as candidates. He also names the names of the first scouts - Kirilin, Permanov, Ilyin, Malafeev, Borovkov, Ivanov. April 30, 1909 is considered the birthday of Russian scouting. Pantyukhov’s first unit (patrol) was called “Beaver”. They tried to introduce their own Russian uniform, and the company tailor sewed Russian caftans and lambskin hats with a crimson top. But concrete life (hiking and games) showed that this form is impractical. Pantyukhov’s wife sewed the first flag and created a drawing of the first emblem of Russian scouts, which is now conventionally called “The Boy Under the Tree.” There is a legend that the prototype of this boy was the son of Emperor Nicholas II, Alexey.

At the end of December 1910, Oleg Ivanovich learned from the newspapers that B-P had arrived in Russia. B-P was unable to visit the detachment in Tsarskoye Selo, but all patrol officers and three units arrived at the Nikolaevsky station in St. Petersburg in time for the evening train to Moscow, on which B-P was leaving. There he invited Pantyukhov to come to England, which was done in the summer. Oleg Ivanovich outlined his impressions about this trip in the illustrated book “Visiting the Boy Scouts.”

The movement is rapidly spreading throughout Russia and intensified, as throughout the world, in connection with the outbreak of the First World War.

On August 26, 1914, the government, without allowing the creation of the All-Russian Union of Young Scouts, nevertheless approved the charter of the “Society for Promoting the Organization of Boy Scouts “Russian Scout”,” the chairman of which was Vice Admiral Ivan Fedorovich Bostrem. It is through the efforts of adults in different cities Scout troops began to form in Russia. It is no coincidence that the heyday of scouting is associated with the war. Teenagers have a real opportunity to benefit their Motherland. They were on duty at stations, helped meet trains with the wounded, looked after them in hospitals, housed refugees, collected gifts for the front, and helped peasants in the villages whose families had their breadwinners go to the front. In 1915, the director of the Tsarskoye Selo real school and teacher of the royal children, Erast Platonovich Tsitovich, became the head Tsarskoye Selo squad of young scouts, enrolled Tsarevich Alexei in its ranks. In the same year, the head of the Moscow detachment and editor of the magazine “Around the World,” Vladimir Alekseevich Popov, founded a scouting museum in Moscow, which was the first scouting museum in the world. The first two congresses on scouting were held, which approved the laws and traditions of Russian scouts (the question of the reality of the second congress is debatable). By October 1917, there were about 50 thousand scouts in 143 cities of Russia.

The February Revolution happened, and after it came October Revolution. Society split, and so did scouting organizations. Some of them continued to make attempts to remain neutral. Basically, these were those who simply loved working with children, loved romance, adventure and exciting forest life. But two large halves They went after either the whites or the reds, sincerely trying to protect Russia. In the Don and Kuban, scout leaders received salaries from the government. In the rear, teenagers created labor squads, repaired roads, organized concerts, donating money to the White Guard, collaborated in the Osvag (information agency) of Denikin and Wrangel, in Kolchak’s Osvedfront.

But many also joined the Komsomol and worked underground, where their scouting skills came in handy. For example, the Vologda organization of scouts under the leadership of V. Protsenko took part in the civil war on the side of the Republic of Soviets. A group of Russian scouts sailing in the Pacific Ocean on the Japanese ship Yomei Maru announced on August 15, 1920 the recognition of the government of the Council of People's Commissars, the red flag with a hammer and sickle and the anthem of the International.

Scouts in Siberia

In Siberia, the development of scouting is largely associated with the name of the famous teacher, sculptor and writer Innokenty Zhukov. He was born on October 5, 1875 in the family of a manager Gorno-Zerentuisky mine. He studied at the Chita Gymnasium, and then at the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University, where he actively participated in the student movement. Innokenty Zhukov is an active propagandist and one of the first historians of Russian scouting. Compared to the European part of Russia, scout troops in Siberia mainly began to emerge by 1917. The ideological center of scouting was Chita, where Innokenty Zhukov lived from 1917 to 1922. According to the memoirs of one of the oldest Russian scouts, Nikolai Ross, in the incomplete list of addresses of Russian scout detachments, published in St. Petersburg in 1917, there are 57 addresses, among which six belong to Siberia and the Far East - two in Tomsk, one each in Irkutsk and Chita and two in Vladivostok. There was also a Russian scout troop in Harbin. According to fragmentary data, in 1918-1919 scouting work was carried out in 21 cities located between the Urals and Pacific Ocean. In the spring of 1919 there were about 200 scouts in Chelyabinsk. The city hosted a congress of scout leaders from Siberia, the Urals and the Urals, which on March 30 proclaimed the establishment of the All-Russian Scout Organization, the head of which was elected O. I. Pantyukhov.

Founded on April 9, 1917 by a group of students from local educational institutions (Bobrovsky, Zhilin, Shastin), the Irkutsk Scout Organization numbered only 15-20 people in the first days of its existence. This group of students formed the first scout troop, which became the basis for the development of the scout movement in the city. Winter 1918-1919 can be considered the end of the first period in the history of Irkutsk scouting. This, without a doubt, was a period of formation, the formation of the structure of the detachments, the selection of leaders. On September 1, 1918, all detachments and individual patrols of Irkutsk boy scouts united into a squad. It was headed by a teacher of the Irkutsk Commercial School, N. O. Tolokonsky, invited by a group of parents. The idea of scouting begins to spread among girls, and on February 19, 1919, the first troop was formed Girl Scouts named after Joan of Arc.

To disseminate information about the scout movement, a scout liaison office is being created under the Irkutsk squad, which facilitates scout correspondence, promotes the distribution and acquisition of scout literature, and is the official intermediary between Irkutsk and other scout organizations in Russia.Attempts were made to organize a Assistance Society in the city. The first experiment in 1917 ended in failure, and during the December battles, all the papers and archives were lost in a fire. At the beginning of 1919, a second attempt was made, when a general meeting of all those interested and sympathizing with Scouting was convened, and the patronage society was revived. Its chairman was V. S. Ivanov. In the summer of 1919, with funds donated by the men's gymnasium, it was possible to hold the first scout camp on Lake Baikal. The press played an important role in the promotion of scouting. The Irkutsk Scout Squad published its own magazine, which was called “Under the Banner of Scoutism.”

The great dreamer I. Zhukov in Chita in the spring of 1918 launched a long game “Expeditionary Corps of Students” for children aged 10-14 years, in which more than 700 people took part. It was designed for several years, and the players had to cross Transbaikalia partly on foot, partly on horseback, partly by train. This long journey required serious preparation, but the entry of Semyonov’s troops into the city interrupted this interesting undertaking.

RKSM and the children's movement

The Komsomol fought at the front, and therefore had no time to pay special attention to teenagers. In the fall of 1918, at the congress of Vsevobuch (universal military training), it was decided to create an organization of young communists on the basis of scout troops. And scouting work continued under a new name. But already in 1919, at the second congress of the RKSM, it was decided to disband the scout troops. The question for the Komsomol was precisely in the plane of struggle, destruction, and not cooperation. Meetings with ideological opponents on the fronts of the civil war were still fresh in my memory.

A year later, the Central Committee of the RKSM invited one of its secretaries to develop a plan for the liquidation of scout organizations. But disbanding is one thing, but the Komsomol cannot yet offer its own form of work with children. And then, on November 27, 1920, the Central Committee of the RKSM created a commission to study scouting and the physical education system used in it. And again in 1921, scoutmasters offered their services to Vsevobuch. Accordingly, after October, not only relations with the official authorities changed, but also many principles of the organization (the idea of loyalty to the crown and God went away). But for the Komsomol, the question of how to educate its followers still remains open. N.K. Krupskaya’s brochure “RKSM and Boy Scoutism” comes as a surprise to many. A purely Bolshevik method of using pre-revolutionary institutions was applied: cut off the top, use the apparatus, i.e. apply scouting methods, filling it with political content. The Second All-Russian Conference of the RKSM on May 19, 1922 created the Pioneer organization. The decisions of the conference included the following: to develop the issue of the children's movement and the use of a reorganized scouting system in it. They began to use all the external attributes of a scouting organization. The children's work bureau of 7 people included 4 scoutmasters. Komsomol used their experience and ability to work with children. But the very word “scout” still caused rejection, despite the fact that many scoutmasters took part in the creation of the first pioneer troops.

Among the first pioneer leaders in some regions, the percentage of scoutmasters reached 67. On January 11, 1923, the Central Committee of the RKSM, the GPU, and the Glavvsevobuch held a meeting to discuss joint tactics in the fight against scouts. By this time, many scoutmasters had already joined the Komsomol and signed pro-Komsomol Declaration on the creation of a children's movement in the RSFSR. But some continued to work almost underground with children. One of the songs of the underground scouts of that time contained the following words:

“There are ten of us, do you hear, ten,

A the eldest is not twenty.

Of course we can be hanged

But first we need to be found...

Thus, in terms of the content of activities in scouting, several areas have emerged:

the first is traditional, with the acquisition of labor skills, passing to categories, and discipline. They were not involved in politics and did not belong to any youth organization. This, for example, was V. Popov’s detachment in Moscow. The basis remained the ideas of B-P and the strict implementation of all scout laws;

second - Associations Forest brothers, uniting the followers of the forest rangers described Seton-Thompson in the book "Birch Bark Scroll". Similar groups were typical for Petrograd, Kazan and other cities;

the third is Hookism;

the fourth is exempt scouting.

The substantiation of the latter was carried out by I. Zhukov, a senior friend of the scouts of the RSFSR and the Far Eastern Republic (Far Eastern Republic). Zhukov called for the creation of a World Chivalry and Labor Brotherhood of Scouts based on work, play, love for each other and the whole world. He sincerely believed that scouting could be freed from bourgeois tendencies. Zhukov was looking for new forms of social education for children. He developed a more fantastic than practical project for creating a full-time position for Robinson Crusoe and his friend Friday at the People's Commissariat of Education. In his opinion, education authorities should be headed by people close to the spiritual world of schoolchildren. Only a familiar character like Robinson, Captain Grant, can influence children emotionally. Naturally, this project did not receive support. It was Zhukov who was an ardent supporter of cooperation with the Komsomol, which causes a negative assessment of his activities among many, especially foreign scoutmasters.

The end of the scout movement in Russia

The reasons for the death of Russian scouting were undoubtedly objective and subjective:

Through and through ideologized it was impossible to remain neutral in society;

Scouting required an outlet for the social energy of the guys. The system of providing people with good services and doing good deeds became impossible when the organization worked practically underground;

Accordingly, this made it difficult for the influx of fresh, new forces into scout troops;

A pioneer movement was also created, supported in every possible way by the authorities;

The Assistance Society stopped working, the chief scout of Russia O.I. Pantyukhov ended up abroad, and the ideologist of the movement I. Zhukov began to collaborate with the Komsomol;

Outright persecution dealt a heavy blow to the organization.

The most dramatic page in the relationship between scouting and the RKSM occurred, perhaps, in the winter of 1921-22. The Komsomol has already destroyed the centralized scout structure three times. First - the Assistance Society, then - the Yukovs and, finally, the scout groups under Vsevobuch. Massive criticism of scouting boiled down to the following points: scouting is a bourgeois organization that preaches national unity instead of class struggle. During the Civil War they sided with the White Guards. The flag is green, not red. The fleur-de-lis is the monarchical symbol of the Bourbon dynasty. The word “scout” itself is English. At the same time, it was completely overlooked that for scouts, politics and the political system are the work of their fathers, and the organization itself is national, not political. And although there were no government regulations banning scouting (the pioneers and the Komsomol are not government bodies), persecution begins. Schools are denied space for scout gatherings, symbols are torn off from scout children, and they are worked on at meetings. On May 10, 1923, Moscow scouts gathered in the area of the village of Vsekhvyatskoye for a training camp. The police arrived and the gathering was declared illegal. In this regard, an interesting note entitled “Wonders of the Animal World” appeared in the pioneer magazine “Drum” in February 1923:

“Recently, in Moscow and its environs, a large number of animals belonging to the genus of scouts, a family of reptiles, began to appear in the light of day. The zoological department of the OGPU took an excursion around the city of Moscow and its environs to replenish its collections. By the way, the rarest specimens were indicated by the Krasnopresnensky guys. Good morning! »

It's hardly worth commenting on this. Similar processes took place in all cities, although the groups’ activities did not stop. In Irkutsk, back in October 1922, a scout festival was held on T Square of the Third International with a parade and a display of gymnastic exercises. But on April 24, 1926, the GPU carried out arrests among Russian scout leaders. Even then they received sentences in the Solovetsky camps. It is the twenty-sixth year that many historians consider the date of the practical cessation of the activities of the scout organization in Russia.

The Scout Bonfire is back

But there were also Russian scouts and their leaders who went abroad during the Civil War, and first of all, O. I. Pantyukhov. In 1919, work began among Russian refugee children in Turkey.

On November 11, 1920, by order of the senior Russian scoutmaster O.I. Pantyukhov, all foreign Russian scouting organizations were united into one - the Organization of Russian Scouts Abroad. In the same year, the National Organization of Russian Scouts (NORS), its French department, was founded in France. Since 1945, the name NORS was replaced by ORUR (organization of Russian young intelligence officers), and NORS remained the name of the French department. It was foreign scout organizations that turned their attention to Russia with the beginning of perestroika. Was also interested in revival World organization scout movement. Moreover, in Russia there were already real leaders who were ready to work for the scouting idea. As a result, in November 1990, the Association for the Revival of Russian Scouting was created, and in November 1991, the Federation of Russian Scouts was created. The Scout Bonfire has returned to our country.

President of the Russian Scout Federation Arkady Nikitchenko speaks in more detail about these processes:

“The year of the revival of scouting in Russia can be considered 1990. It was during this period that several factors predetermined the revival of the movement. For the first time since the 20s, materials about scouts began to appear in the press in connection with the implementation of the “Fly Chernobyl” project by the World Organization of the Scout Movement, Russian emigrant scouting organizations decided to return Russian scouting to their homeland, groups called themselves as scouts."

The logical conclusion of these processes was the idea of holding a congress of all those who in any way used the ideas, principles, and laws of scouts in their teaching activities. An initiative group appeared to prepare the congress, which was supported by the Committee on Youth Affairs of the then Supreme Soviet of the USSR. An announcement was published in Komsomolskaya Pravda, and people who wanted to take part in the congress began calling the contact number. The Organizing Committee included mainly representatives of the Organization of Russian Young Scouts. Were prepared and constituent documents Russian scout organization. At the congress, it became obvious that most of the participants were far from understanding the true essence of the movement, so the idea was born of creating an organization for the transition period - the Association for the Revival of Russian Scouting (AVORS), the purpose of which was to unite all people involved in the development, promotion of the movement, and the creation of new local associations.

The congress took place in Moscow at the Youth Institute in the fall of 1990. Basically, three positions on the revival of scouting in our country were presented. First of all, the ideas of ORUR, whose leaders proposed using the methodology, laws and traditions preserved by the organization all these years in exile, and mechanically transferring them to Russia. The second idea was to apply the experience of the World Scout Movement, which was discussed by WOSM representatives present at the congress. And the third direction was professed by people who did not want to give up their own pedagogical experience gained during the years of Soviet power in the country, and sought to adapt the scouting methodology in relation to modern social conditions.

A simple mechanical transfer of the traditions and methods of the West to our country seemed unacceptable to these people. It was this third direction that dominated the congress and, ultimately, AVORS was mainly created by these people. The association was divided into territorial departments: Southern (with center in Simferopol), Central (Moscow), Northwestern (St. Petersburg), Ural (Ekaterinburg), Siberian (Omsk), Far Eastern (Petropavlovsk - Kamchatsky). Later, detachments from the Ural and Far Eastern departments entered the Siberian department. By the fall of 1991, three large associations took legal and organizational form in Russia: the Moscow Scout Union ( CMC ), the Scout Association of St. Petersburg and the Siberian Scout Association, which in November 1991 in Repin near St. Petersburg held the founding congress of the Federation of Scouts of Russia (FSR). Within the framework of already existing Associations, in turn, new associations were formed: the Volga Region Scout Association (SPASS) - in CMC ; The Ural Scout Association (UAS) and the Baikal Scout Association (ABS) - in SibAS.

The revival of scouting in Irkutsk lagged behind all-Russian processes by a year, but followed the traditional path. In October 1991 (October 30 is celebrated by Irkutsk scouts as a day of rebirth), people interested in finding new, non-traditional forms of working with children met for the first time. These were students, as well as teachers of schools and higher educational institutions. The “Society for the Revival of Russian Scouting in the Irkutsk Region” was registered, which united only 6 units. The society was gaining strength, the number of new units and leaders was growing, and good contacts were established with regional and city authorities. As a result, opportunities were created for the emergence of the Baikal Scout Association, which on January 1, 1995 already united 18 units in the region. The Brotherhood of Orthodox Scouts and the League of Girl Scouts were also created within the FSR.

After thinking a little, we decided to dwell on this topic and find out where the words scouting and scouting came from, what they mean, who scouts are and what their purpose is. I had never come across these concepts before, and I was very interested in discovering something new and learning new information concerning young people and their lives. I would never have thought that our younger generation is still capable of “playing” games of this kind. Reading about scouting was doubly exciting, since its ancestor is England, the country whose language we are studying. When searching for material, I translated articles about scouting from the ILS magazine.

Well, let's find answers to the questions asked!

What is scouting?

Scoutism - (from the English scout - scout), one of the most widespread systems of bourgeois out-of-school education, which is the basis of the activities of children's and youth scout organizations. The goal of Scouting is to educate the younger generation in the spirit of loyalty to the ideals of bourgeois society, people who are able to live in the lap of nature, cope with all the difficulties that come their way, and form strong-willed, courageous and honest citizens. Officially proclaiming “party neutrality. The Scout Law proclaims every member of the organization to be a "friend to all", regardless of his class or social group bourgeois society. Organizations for boys - boy scouts (boy scouts) and girls - girl scouts (girl scouts) exist separately, but the goals and principles of their activities are basically the same.

Scouting is the art of scouting, it means river crossings, formations, night alarms, games, hikes, bivouacs. These include various sports. Participation in competitions, sports festivals, rallies, camps, training camps, swimming ability. Training, developing endurance, strength, discipline, character. The educational power of this game is enormous. The essence of the ideological basis of scouting is service to the Fatherland, strengthening the existing state system in it. The motto of scouts, for example, may sound like this: “Faith in God, loyalty to the Motherland. Duty to others, duty to oneself.” The Scout badge is a lily tied with a ribbon. The middle petal is " the right way”, left - “devotion to the Motherland”, right - “duty to others”. The inscription on the ribbon reads: “Be ready!”

Scouting contains great educational potential.

What is scouting?

Scouting is a volunteer youth movement that began in 1907. Its members are children, teenagers and adults who voluntarily accept the Scout promise and follow Scout laws.

Scouting Robert Baden Powell.

Scouting BP is an ingenious pedagogical method that is used by scout leaders to organize their free time, as well as the free time of children and other idle youth, in accordance with their needs and their interests.

Scouting BP is not a stupid and stupid leveling with its half-forgotten delights, but always inspiration and the highest spiritual tension, along with practical experience of overcoming oneself and the difficulties created.

BP Scouting is life in small, even very small groups, because not everyone can endure extensive contact with nature, which includes progressive discovery and acceptance of responsibility with the preparation of personal activities, especially under the guidance of “experienced” Scout leaders.

Scouting BP is not donkey stubbornness, but stubbornness, worthy of donkeys, in achieving the most important and most cherished goal - to be faithful to your Scout Promise even when you have long grown out of boyhood and live on your own happy life, which you can imagine.

World Scouting.

The scouting movement arose at the beginning of the twentieth century, the basic platform and the very idea of scouting was formed and organized through the efforts of General Baden-Powell - legendary personality, national hero Britain, the founder of the scouting movement, whom scouts simply call B-P.

Robert Baden-Powell (Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell) was born on February 22, 1857 in London in the family of a theological professor. " Early years were full of lessons about life in the open air: searching for rare flowers, plants, butterflies, getting to know trees, the life of birds, the habits of animals."

Together with his friends, sometimes even without adults, little Sti, as he was called at home, sailed on boats, traveled on horses, learned to cook over a fire, hunt, and watch. All these qualities, developed in childhood, B-P developed throughout his life.

Having graduated from a prestigious school in 1876 and passing the competition exam for officer rank, Robert becomes a sub-lieutenant and is sent to India, where he serves until 1884. It was there that he formed the idea of training and educating reconnaissance soldiers through directed exercises, conversations, and training, which he later expressed in the books “Tracking and Reconnaissance” (Reconnaissance & Scouting) 1881 and “Aids to Scouting” 1899. Moreover, Baden-Powell pays attention not only to the formation of practical skills and abilities, but also gives general instructions on the means and methods by which the physical qualities and qualities of character necessary for good scout. It should be noted that the book "Aids to scouting" was not intended specifically for teenagers and young men, as it might seem. It was a highly specialized manual - instructions for training combat reconnaissance officers. Only later did it form the basis of the scouting program book: “Scouting for boys” 1907.

In 1884, after serving in India, Captain Adjutant Baden-Powell was sent to South Africa as part of the expeditionary force, then served for three years in Malta, where he studied the history of the island and the Order of John, which was also reflected in the scouting system.

BP spends 1894 in England, awaiting resignation or a new appointment, and in November 1895 he leaves for South Africa, where he takes an active part in intelligence activities.

The years 1903-1907 can be considered a turning point in the life and career of Baden-Powell. It was during these years that a tendency towards broad social activities and “the thought of the need for the good of the homeland to create new system education of the rising young generation of England, or at least make changes to it and fill the gaps of the existing system.

B-P was faced with the fact that English youth were overly keen on sports as a spectacle, forgetting about self-development and self-improvement through sports.

One of the results of the widespread public activity of B-P was the camp on Brownsea Island in 1907 (the first camp for Boy Scouts), where the founder put into practice the finally formed system-concept of “scouting”. Finally, the ideas of the scout system of educating teenagers were implemented through entertaining games, physical exercises and competitions, conversations about military life and the exploits of scouts.

The success exceeded all expectations. The children showed a keen interest in this unique outdoor camp life. An interesting fact is that all expenses for the camp amounted to 55 pounds, 2 shillings and 8 pence - an amount quite small for the camp, equipment and food for 22 boys.

The main book "Scouting for boys" - a textbook on scouting was written in 1907. The book became popular all over the world, and together with the book, SCOUTING spread throughout the world.

Using his method among the virgin nature of India and Africa, among people not spoiled by the vices of civilization, BP created a program of work with youth in the form of an entertaining, adventure-filled game.

Soon after the publication of the book B-P, scout troops were created: first in England, which has since been rightfully considered the ancestor of scouting, and then in many countries of Europe, America and Asia. At the end of 1907 there were about 60 thousand scouts in Great Britain; in 1909-10 groups of girl scouts were created; In 1910, scout organizations were recognized by a special royal charter. In 1921, scout organizations operated in 63 countries.

Scouts and scout organizations.

Scout organizations unite children and youth aged 8 to 18 years. The law, oath and motto of the scouts reflect the essence of bourgeois morality, requiring members of the organization to unquestioningly obey their leaders, parents, state, and church. Boy Scout groups focus on physical exercise, tourism, war games, technology classes, teaching self-service skills. Girl Scout organizations teach girls the skills of future housewives and mothers; they are taught how to prepare food, manage the household efficiently, care for children, the sick, etc. The Boy Scout and Girl Scout programs provide several stages - “advancement ranks”, developed taking into account age and the principle of individual competition. Scouts carry out their program through regular classes, training camps, annual camps, excursions, and hikes.

The work of national scout unions is led by committees consisting of representatives of bourgeois business circles, clergy, military leaders, figures of charitable societies, etc. Honorary presidents of scout unions are usually presidents of capitalist states and members of royal families.

In 1972, Boy Scout organizations existed in 106 countries and numbered, including adult leaders, 13 million members (one of the many Boy Scout organizations in the United States, over 6 million). Girl Scout organizations operated in 91 countries and united 6.5 million members. Contacts between Boy Scout organizations of different countries are carried out by the International Committee and its executive body - the International Bureau of Boy Scouts. The headquarters of the International Committee and the Girl Scouts International Bureau are in London. The International Scout Bureau holds an international radio roll call of scouts every year, and international conferences of leaders of national scout unions every 2-3 years. The International Bureau has different countries Scout camps and training centers. It also publishes literature and teaching aids, including the World Scouting magazine (in English and French).

The program of scouting organizations, although undergoing constant modernization, meets the needs of modern youth less and less. In capitalist countries, young people are increasingly showing interest in political events and strive to actively participate in the activities of progressive associations and in the anti-imperialist struggle. National scout unions of a number of developing countries in Asia, Africa and the Middle East are moving away from the traditional forms of the scout education system, widely involving their members in socially useful activities in the field of economic development, cultural construction and health care, organizing mass socio-political campaigns under the slogans of the struggle for peace , democracy and social progress.

Scouts have their own uniform, which can be invented by the scout organization itself, reflecting the characteristics of its activities. However, mandatory requirements must be observed general requirements: tie and insignia sewn onto the shirt.

Scouting in Russia.

The Russian version of “Scouting for boys” is the book “Young Scout” published in 1908 by the Academy of the General Staff, which was adapted to the conditions of Russia during translation and was not a direct translation of the book B-P. In 1909, a young officer Oleg Pantyukhov, staff captain of the 1st Life Guards of His Imperial Majesty Rifle Battalion, assembled the first Beaver patrol in Pavlovsk near St. Petersburg. Since then, April 30, 1909 has been considered the birthday of scouting in Russia.

And a month later, the Tsarskoye Selo squad was created. In Russia, the first scout detachments were created in Tsarskoe Selo (now the city of Pushkin) in 1909. In the autumn of the same year, by the greatest command of the Emperor of All Rus', Nicholas II, a translation of Baden-Powell’s book entitled “Young Scout” was published. In 1914, by decree of Nicholas II, the Russian Scout society was established in order to educate young people in the spirit of great-power chauvinism and militarism, and devotion to the monarchical system. At this time, scout troops were created in Moscow and other cities of Russia. In 1917 in Russia there were 50 thousand scouts in 143 Russian cities. The revolution of 1917 and the civil war that broke out after it did not stop the development of scouting. In 1919, at the scout congress in Novocherkassk, Oleg Pantyukhov was elected Senior Russian Scout for life, who later headed the scouting movement in exile. In the years Civil War 1918-20 most scoutmasters (leaders of scout troops) and many scouts fought in the armies of the White Guards and interventionists. In Russia, the Bolshevik government took the education of children and youth into its own hands. The “Young Communists” movement was born, then the Komsomol (initially KIM). The Komsomol consistently fought against scoutism. At the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Komsomol congresses (1918-20), decisions were made to dissolve scout groups, and a course was developed to create a children's organization of a new, communist type. N.K. Krupskaya in her work “RKSM and Boy Scoutism” (1922), having completely rejected the goal and principles of the scout education system, pointed out the advisability of using in the practice of communist organizations some forms of scout work that meet the age-related interests of adolescents (games, sports, tourism, practical skills training). Some of the “left” scoutmasters broke with scouting and participated in the work of the Komsomol to create pioneer organization. Finally, in 1922, the pioneers appeared. In the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V.I. Lenin developed fundamentally new content, forms and methods of working with children, based on the ideas of communist education. The growth of youth and children's communist organizations in the 20-30s. in the USSR and a number of other states, the creation of pioneer and children's democratic organizations in socialist and many capitalist countries after the 2nd World War 1939-45, the formation of children's and youth democratic movements in the countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America During the national liberation struggle, the sphere of influence of scouting was significantly reduced. Scout work is prohibited. More than a thousand leaders and senior scouts were arrested and sent into exile, from which many never returned.

Movement of Russian scouts abroad.

But since 1918, the movement of Russian scouts abroad has been expanding. Oleg Pantyukhov approves a new name for this organization - “National Organization of Russian Scouts.” Intelligence activities did not stop even during the Second World War. In countries occupied by the Nazis, it was carried out even underground.

After the end of the war, in 1945, at a congress of leaders in Munich, it was decided to replace foreign word“scout” to Russian “scout” and change the name. From now on, Russian intelligence officers are officially called the “Organization of Russian Young Intelligence Officers” (ORYUR). At the same time, a young and energetic leader, Boris Martino, was elected Deputy Senior Russian Scout in Europe. Intelligence is growing stronger, developing and becoming a movement of Russian youth. Its main task is to educate children and youth in the national and religious spirit. The best goals are to remain faithful to Russian traditions even in emigration, to know the history of one’s homeland and its culture, to remain faithful to the Christian worldview, to wage a feasible fight against world evil, while maintaining loyalty to the country of residence.

The first ORUR units in Russia.

And in 1990, the intelligence service returned from forced emigration to Russia. On April 11, a bonfire of Russian scouts was lit in Pavlovsky Park, and on June 6, the first scout bonfire after a many-year break broke out in Chernogolovka near Moscow. Next, in August, a scout camp was set up in the Kostroma region under the symbolic name “Revival”. And the next year, the first courses for scout leaders took place in St. Petersburg, on the premises of the Theological Academy. As a result, the first ORYUR detachments appeared in Russia. They are united into six large detachments, circles and “packs”. A scouting term taken from Kipling's terminology: “packs” - squads, “cubs” - boys, “squirrels” - girls. They operate throughout the vast space from Moscow to Magadan and from the northern capital to Anapa. ORYUR camps are organized every holiday. As a rule, they camp near Orthodox monasteries and churches. Scout literature is published: magazines and newspapers, books and brochures intended both for scouts themselves and for leaders. Every year the Organization of Russian Intelligence Officers replenishes its ranks in our country and far beyond its borders.

That our life is a game? (Scouting program).

To answer this question, it is necessary to at least briefly familiarize yourself with the scouting program. It mainly consists of four parts: religion, homeland studies, intelligence and practice.

Introduction to religion for young scouts consists of acquiring the knowledge necessary for every Christian, ranging from basic prayers, information about the main events of the life of the Savior and the structure of the Temple and Divine services, to the missionary significance of Christianity.

Homeland studies introduces the main events in the history of Russia. Scouts study the geography of their homeland, learn about the cultural values created by the people, and gain knowledge about the current state of the country.

Scouting sets out the history of Scouting, explaining its goals and objectives, ideals and structure.

Finally, practice provides a range of skills that help you survive in nature. In addition, the scout must be able to provide medical assistance. These practical skills teach a sports lifestyle and instill an interest in work.

But all these, so necessary in our difficult life, intelligence officers gain skills and knowledge not at their desks in a boring lesson or in dusty workshops, but in the process of an interesting and serious “game of life.” As Scouts get older and go through the first stages of growth, they become more familiar with some kind of skill or art. They expand their knowledge, develop their talents (for there are no children without talent!) and prepare themselves for fruitful professional and social work.

In my opinion, very interesting. However, judge for yourself. Imagine that a child was taken with a backpack to a field or deep forest, where he himself, together with his comrades, must first arrange a tolerable home for himself. Yes, yes, everything, from setting up camp to, excuse me, digging the “right place.” In the course of their work, the guys learn such seemingly unimportant things: how to make a hut out of ordinary sticks and branches that will be waterproof in the heaviest rainfall, and how to build a clothes hanger out of several twigs so that it dries faster. It turns out that you can light a fire in the forest so that after leaving there will be no fire pit left and the grass will be as fresh as if you had never cooked kulesh over it. You can make a backpack out of regular pants. Durable and soft shoes - moccasins - are made from scraps of leather. In winter, boys and girls (the fair, but by no means weak, sex) learn how to spend the night in a bitter frost in an ordinary ravine, trampling out something like a bear’s den in a snowdrift, and at the same time heating it with an ordinary candle or alcohol lamp. Scouts learn to provide first aid to victims, bandage wounds, transport the wounded, and navigate the terrain without the aid of a compass. However, they know how to make a fairly accurate compass from an ordinary lemon or, at worst, a simple sewing needle. It is simply impossible to list all the practical skills that scouts master after their first campaign. And Robinson’s life brings much more benefit to the boys than drilling under brass bugles and empty drums in an equipped pioneer camp.

But this is only the beginning of their life in freedom. Then the fun begins. Suddenly a messenger comes to the camp with news: a gang of evil pirates has appeared on a neighboring island, who do not allow passing people to live in peace, rob overseas merchants with red goods and take captive red maidens. And therefore, it is necessary to put an end to this evil, defeat the evil pirates in a fair fight, rescue the beautiful maidens, and allow merchants to safely sail on merchant ships past Buyan Island. But how to do this? First of all, it is necessary to make boats and rafts so that you have something to go into a decisive battle with sea robbers. And everyone begins to build strong rafts and self-propelled boats. Not only logs are used, but also simple barrels, which, with skill, are easily transformed into high-speed maneuverable vessels with oars. Military equipment is also required. Therefore, the scouts are hastily making swords and sharp sabers and, of course, pikes and hooks, without which it is simply impossible to board the fans of the “Jolly Roger”. But everything is ready, and the naval squadron goes to battle. He, of course, does without bloodshed, but sometimes bruises and bumps cannot be avoided. However, this is nothing. After all, there are “squirrels” nearby who will deftly bandage a wound received in a fair fight. However, going “out into the open sea,” even if it is a quiet lake near Moscow, is unthinkable if you do not know how to tie sea knots, distinguish a flagpole from a bomb topmast and, in general, if you do not know all the tricks of the great marine science. And you also need to row correctly, otherwise blisters on your palms will be added to the wounds received in battles. But now the battle has subsided, the captured pirates are being taken into captivity, and from now on the sea route is forever free. But in the evening, around the fire, many more legends will be told about the history of Russian navigation, the creation of the first flotillas under the leadership of Peter the Great, about the great naval battles in Chesma Bay or on the Danube, which brought great glory to the Russian fleet. This is how intelligence officers learn Russian history in the game.

Is God with them? (Religion).

And now the question is more than delicate. Just as ninety years ago, at the very origins of scouting, so in these days, the social informal movement of Russian intelligence has been accompanied and sanctified by the name of God. And in the program, religion is put in first place. However, if the first scouts were raised in a religious spirit and in religious families, where they did not sit down at the table without holy prayer, then how does a half-forgotten religion, and in some places completely unknown to most Russians, fit in with the education of young people today? There is no great sin in the fact that nowadays anyone and everyone who is not too lazy goes to temples. But the Russian Church, having seen other invasions than this, survived. It’s another thing to teach the Word of God to a teenager whose not only parents, but even grandmothers were “weakly convinced atheists.” The intelligence work received the go-ahead from the highest spiritual authority. Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II himself addressed with a pastoral blessing to the leaders of scout organizations in Russia, “cordially welcoming the creation of the Brotherhood of Orthodox Scouts.” The head of the Russian Church assured the leaders of Russian scouting: “The Lord will bless your activities in the field of spiritual education of children.” He was echoed by other senior hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church. Of course, this is gratifying and cannot but inspire elders who have consciously chosen their difficult path - working with young people in such difficult times. But what about children? To live the summer in a spiritual life, and then plunge for a year into the real-secular world, where the name of God, if remembered, is only in passing? Isn't this an additional test for fragile boyish souls? Will we not get again a “double” morality and a morality that is foldable, like a field altar? One is for scout camp, the second is for everyday use.

I would like to believe that this will not happen. And here's why: communication between scouts and the spiritual world and religion is not limited to just mechanical memorization of prayers. Both during the days of the camps and in everyday life, voluntarily and involuntarily, they come into contact with the Christian world. They visit monasteries and churches and provide all possible assistance in restoring them or establishing order and cleanliness in the monastery farmsteads.

Children - scouts themselves, without prompting, write letters to God. They cannot be read without excitement. “Blue sky, Lord, is this when you are in a good mood?” - third-grader Nadya asks. “Why am I so drawn to do bad things? Are you testing me? - Pasha clarifies. Kids are observant: “Beggars are asking for alms near the church, so you can mark who gives?” - Irochka suggests. There are also skeptics: “Well, okay. You created the first couple of people on Earth. But how did you make the third person? - Vladik is perplexed. To be honest, there are also selfless pragmatists: “Make me a superman. Just don’t tell me that you need to train and do exercises in the morning. This is what I hear from my father every day!” - demands Monya from 4th grade. Here’s a slightly sad letter: “I would like my birthday to happen five times a year. But not because of the gifts, I would just see my dad more times,” Nina asks God. And here is a quite serious complaint to the Creator from ten-year-old Marina: “Why did you create this world, didn’t you know that there would be such a problem?” Or no less harshly: “Father Almighty, why are you like a stepfather to many people?” (Vitya, 2nd grade.) And here’s a question that even Voltaire would envy: “God, hasn’t this happened to you: you like someone, but he doesn’t look in your direction?” However, there are also very confidential lines: “Mom said that I cried in my sleep. Don’t you remember what we talked about?” The author is convinced that at night he talks with God (Igor, 3rd grade). If children write such letters to God, it means that he lives in their soul. Let their God not be as perfect and omnipotent as the official religion imagines him to be. Something else is important. There is Someone in children's lives to whom they trust their secrets. And it is easier for them to fulfill the basic Commandments, no matter who compiled them. In any edition, their essence boils down to a simple thing: treat people the way you would like them to treat you.

Jamboree is a sign of unity.

The word “Jamboree” was used by the American Indians to describe the gathering of all tribes. After long wars, everyone gathered together to discuss common problems and negotiate peace. This word was chosen for the name of the first international scout camp, which was held in England in 1920 after the end of the First World War. Since then, every four years, scouts from all over the world (the scouting movement operates today in 262 countries and unites more than 24 million members) gather for the World Jamboree.

Russian intelligence officers are strong not only in their traditions, but also in their unity. The best way to see unity is when they all gather at the Jamboree. They prepare for it in advance: all kinds of seminars, rallies, symposiums, and congresses are held. In short, the organization is at the highest level. Guests come not only from Russia, but also from other countries. The Russians also had descendants of Russian emigrants from Venezuela. Our guys also met with American scouts right in Moscow: it turns out that the American embassy has its own troop of American scouts, who have an equally interesting life. Our scouts also go abroad to see others and show themselves off. There is something to show, as you understand, but finding the means to take everyone with you is not easy today. However, that’s why scouts are scouts, to get out of a difficult situation and such a situation. We organized the meeting via the Internet. We agreed on a time and began to look for like-minded people on the Internet. At the same time, we checked our English: after all, one of the 100(!) scouting specialties is translator. So translate what a distant and as yet unknown friend writes to you about in response to your request. Thus, the children learned a lot about their peers living on all five continents.

Truly, in order to understand each other, you don’t need many words. People waste a lot of words when there is no general understanding.

Scouts in Bratsk (prospect for their development in our city)

In the city of Bratsk, the first detachments appeared in 1993. This is the Balu detachment. “Panther”, the teams were led by scout leaders Alexander Fomkin and Galya Baranova. In 1994, they first visited the regional scout camp “Strannik”, which took place on the shore of lake. Baikal. Then the Alligator, Buffalo, Flamingo (dancing troop), and Hummingbird (Girl Scout troop) appeared. The detachments are led mainly by people devoted to their ideals, experienced mentors who, sparing no effort and time, give their all free time to raise a citizen of his homeland.

In order for the scout movement to develop in our city, a number of conditions must be met. It is necessary, firstly, to clearly define the ideological position of the scouting movement. Secondly, provide the game with material resources and premises. Unfortunately, fraternal scouts do not have it. They huddle wherever possible: some at schools, some right in their apartments. The scout movement is developed on the basis of schools No. 24, 29.

Today, on the basis of the Orthodox gymnasium, a branch of the Organization of Russian Young Scouts (Scouts) has been created.

The All-Russian Conference of the National Organization of Russian Scouts decided to hold the IV All-Russian Jamboree of Scouts and Girl Scouts “The City of St. Peter” from July 14 to 22, 2003.

Russian scouts have their own jamboree history. In August 1994, the first Russian Jamboree took place near St. Petersburg. The second was hosted by Moscow in the year of its 850th anniversary. The third Russian National Jamboree of Scouts and Girl Scouts "Volga-2000" was held in the Saratov region with the support of the Government of the Saratov region and the Department youth policy Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

The 2003 All-Russian Jamboree brought together about 3,000 people from all over Russia, near and far abroad near St. Petersburg.

The rally was held at the training center of the Military Transport University of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation (Leningrad region, Luga district, station 131 km, General Omelchenko's crossing) - in a non-stationary tent camp, as well as in St. Petersburg.

St. Petersburg was chosen as the capital of the IV Russian Jamboree 2003 in honor of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the city.

Implementation of the program

The Jamboree program is implemented at 2 levels – general camp and sub-camps. Conventionally, it is divided into 3 blocks: morning, afternoon and evening.

The morning block includes participants attending interest classes.

The daily block involves participants choosing any subprogram that interests them. At the same time, large spectacular events are held role-playing games, the implementation of which is carried out at the subcamp level. In addition, during the daytime, performances by creative groups from St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region and qualifying rounds of amateur performances take place at the camp’s concert venues.

The evening block includes general camp concerts, events and traditional bonfires in the sub-camps.

Daily Activities

Every morning from July 14 to July 21, from 10.00 to 13.00 there is activity time. More than a hundred different types of gaming and educational activities combined into 7 blocks of activities. Each block consists of activities related to one topic.

The scout block includes traditional specialized activities: pioneering, tracking, signaling, etc., as well as self-service and camp life skills;

The game block provides the opportunity to have fun and compete in dexterity, intelligence, ingenuity, etc., through participation in exciting games: team or duels, active or intellectual, board or local games and many, many others;

The water block covers all the different water activities. Participants will be able to master the basics of diving, as well as participate in various water and coastal competitions, games, relay races, etc.

The applied block is represented by all kinds of handicrafts. Includes making homemade items and souvenirs. Among them are traditional types applied arts, wood carving, knitting, pottery, etc. All participants have the opportunity to take home hand-made products;

The tourist block includes obstacle courses and hiking along hiking trails. In addition, the block allows hiking along hiking trails. In addition, the block allows you to improve your skills in various types orienteering, learn the basics of mountaineering, etc.

The sports block serves the purpose of improving the health and physical development of Jamboree participants. The block's events are represented by a large number of sports games, competitions, relay races, from football and volleyball, including shooting, athletics and ending with military sports competitions. In addition, participants can learn traditional Russian games like chizh, lapta, etc.

The creative block combines activities that promote the development creative potential participants. These include music and dance, art and literary, artistic and circus workshops, journalism and design, etiquette and much more.

Attendance at classes requires special Jamboree tickets.

Subcamp Jamboree

The entire Jamboree program “City of St. Peter” is connected with the anniversary of St. Petersburg. It is no coincidence that six Jamboree subcamps received names associated with the toponymy of the northern capital. They are formed mainly on a regional basis, divided internally into groups according to delegations.

Subcamp “Tsarskoye Selo”

Saar Manor was the name of the area that Peter I gave to his wife Catherine in 1708. Construction of stone chambers began in 1717, which later became the basis of the Great Palace. At the same time, the creation of a regular park began and two ponds were dug. Until 1751, Tsarskoe Selo (as it was called after Catherine I) was built slowly. V. Rastrelli, who was involved in this case, completed the reconstruction five years later. The Baroque style gave the palace an elegant, pompous look. The facade of the Catherine Palace (300 m) is richly decorated with column capitals and statues, cartouches and masks. The interior decoration is even more refined. The Throne Room, luxuriously decorated with gilding, is striking. For the 300th anniversary of the city, the famous Amber Chamber (lost during the 2nd World War), which is called the “eighth wonder of the world,” was restored. The Tsarskoye Selo gardens are a masterpiece of park art and are always full of visitors.

Tsarskoe Selo was the favorite residence of Catherine II. Nicholas II most often stayed here with his family.

Now the Jamboree service team “staff” will be located “there”. Head – Igor Danielyan (Voronezh).

Subcamp “Hare Island”

It was here that Peter I laid the ark with the relics of St. on May 16, 1703 at the foundation of the fortress and city. ap. Andrew the First-Called. A church was immediately built in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The fortress was also called Peter and Paul Fortress. The island was named Hare Island even earlier by the Finns (Eni-saari) because of the abundance of hares that lived there. The fortress covered the passage of ships along the Neva and was a reliable defense for the garrison. However, in the entire history of the city, the fortress has never experienced an enemy siege. Now it is a complex of museums and exhibitions, as well as the most popular city beach.

The tents of the “Hare Island” subcamp will become a home for the time of the Jamboree for scouts from Volgograd, Dnepropetrovsk, Samara, Saratov region, Krasnodar Territory, Tatarstan and Ukraine.

Subcamp “Pavlovsky Park”

The Pavlovsk palace complex is the latest royal residence. In 1777, Catherine II donated lands south of Tsarskoe Selo to Tsarevich Paul. The heir built various buildings, including a fortress, but Ch. The palace (architect Charles Cameron) was built only in 1785. At the same time, regular planning of the park was carried out. Arch. Charles Cameron began constructing alleys and bridges. Gazebos and pavilions taking into account the relief and landscape features. Later, K. Rossi, A. Voronikhin, and other famous masters participated in the development of the park. By the beginning of the 20th century. Pavlovsk Park was considered the best landscape park in Europe and a favorite vacation spot for St. Petersburg residents. “Every step is a new picture in your eyes,” wrote V. Zhukovsky.

Scouts from the North-West will gather in Pavlovsk Park: Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Kaliningrad and Novgorod regions, Karelia, Estonia, France, Finland and St. Petersburg.

Subcamp “Summer Garden”

The most famous of the St. Petersburg gardens is the Summer Garden, created by the works of architect. J.B. Leblond, D. Trezzini, I. Matveev and others, founded in 1704 as the estate of Peter I. The Royal Summer Palace was built here (1714) according to Trezzini’s design. The attraction of the garden are the marble sculptures and the garden lattice (Y. Felten - P. Egorov) along the embankment. Neva, which, having received worldwide fame, is one of the symbols of St. Petersburg.

Well, in our “ Summer Garden“Muscovites and guests of the Jamboree from the Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Kaluga and Nizhny Novgorod regions will be walking.

Subcamp “Vasilievsky Island”

The largest of the Neva islands (1600 hectares) is Vasilyevsky. Obviously, it was named after the Novgorod mayor Vasily Seleznya, who owned it in the 16th century. In 1709, Peter I donated the island to the general. -Governor A. Menshikov for development (architects D. Trezzini and J-B. Leblon) as the center of the capital. However, later the center shifted to the left bank of the Neva, to the Admiralty part, and of the houses of the nobility on the island only the Menshikov Palace remained.

The architectural pearl of the city was the Spit of the Island with the Exchange building (J. Thomas de Thomon) and Rostral columns.

"Vasilievskie Island" united under its flag the scouts of Siberia and Far East(Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Buryatia, Kamchatka).

Subcamp "Kronstadt"

Today Kronstadt is the main naval base of the Baltic Fleet. Until recently it was closed city, but now it is open, and you can drive there along the road of the dam under construction.

Kronstadt hosts delegations from the Urals (Perm, Sverdlovsk regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan).

House Rules

Don't throw trash around. Collect it everywhere. Responsibility for the cleanliness of the camp falls entirely on you. Place all waste in special bags that belong to the general waste collection area. Fulfill the Scout Law “A Scout is pure in thoughts, words, deeds, body and soul”!

Departure from the camp

To leave the camp territory, you need to obtain permission from your leader and upon return immediately inform him of your arrival. Scouts must not leave their subcamp area between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.

If you find yourself in a difficult situation, seek advice from your leader or your subcamp's maintenance team headquarters. If they don't know the answer, check out the Jamboree Information or Administration Centers. Here you can get a wide variety of information.

Camp newspaper

It is called "The City of St. Peter". She went out every day. Whenever possible, scouts participated in the work of the newspaper.

Activities

The program was planned in such a way that scouts could take part in all activities.

Daily mail. Those arriving at the camp will first be taken to the administrative center, and from there they will be distributed to subcamps.

Activities participants dressed appropriately.

It was necessary to wear a Jamboree headscarf. The headscarf of the staff team members is with a black stripe.

Certificate (Badge)

A badge is a pass to participate in the Jamboree. It must be worn at all times.

There are also rules regarding finds, washing, food, toilets, safety, accidents, handling fire, bladed weapons, trees (nature) and behavior on the water.

Accuracy, discipline, and silence are also important.

Precision is essential to the successful execution of our program. The requirements of the Jamboree management, security service and rescuers are mandatory for all participants.

Silence in the camp area is observed after lights out and before getting up. At this time, collecting firewood and other household work is prohibited; only leaders are allowed to move around the camp.

It is prohibited to drink alcohol (as well as beer), drugs, or smoke on the camp grounds. Use obscene language. The violator may be expelled from the Jamboree site at his own expense.

However, for now it is a shame for the Russian intelligence movement to be offended by the lack of understanding on the part of those in power. They regularly receive greetings and congratulations from many representatives of the powers that be. Sometimes generous parting words are accompanied by stingy material support. The most important thing is that the scouting movement, which began nine decades ago, continues to live no matter what. In conclusion, one cannot help but recall the words of Priest Alexy, who said in his quiet sermon to ten old women listening to him in an empty rural church: “A clean spring cannot be muddied; sooner or later it will make its way through dirt and sediment.”

Thus, after reading more than a dozen pages, I found out who the scouts are, what they do, I began to understand their life goals and desires. In my opinion, scouting is an excellent ideology that helps you become an adult and teaches you various skills. As for scouting, I must say a huge thank you to its founder, Baden Paull. Thanks to scouting and scouting, there are still those in our lives who do not destroy themselves in the bud. I am very pleased that I learned about the existence of scouts, scouting and scouting. In my opinion, this movement must develop, and the authorities must welcome it and help financially, otherwise our world will completely degrade.

The founder of scouting, Robert Stevenson Smith Powell, was born on February 22, 1857 in London in the family of a priest and professor of theology at Oxford University, Baden Powell. He did not remember his father, since he died when Robert was only three years old. The widowed Henrietta Grace, daughter of Admiral W. Smith, had to raise seven children alone, of whom the eldest was 14 years old. In memory of her husband, she changed the family's surname to Baden-Powell (hence the shortened form of his surname - BP, as scouts informally call him). She was a strict and demanding mother. Children not only had to look after themselves from an early age, but also had certain responsibilities around the house.

In 1870, Robert entered the London school - “Charterhouse School”. He was a good football goalkeeper, but not particularly good student. His classmates loved him for his cheerful character and his exceptional ability to copy his teachers. During the holidays, Robert and his four brothers went to travel around England for the whole summer.

BP did not have enough stars in his studies, which was the reason for his failure to enter Oxford University. I had to think about other possible prospects, for example, the army. The method of replenishing the army's officer corps, then accepted in England, provided for a series of exams and tests for applicants. And here Stevie showed himself in all his brilliance - out of 718 candidates he came fifth. And so at the age of 19, after graduating from school, Robert passed the officer's exam, received the rank of junior lieutenant and was appointed to the 13th Hussars. His military service took place in India and Afghanistan. At the age of 26 he became captain.

Receiving a modest salary, Baden-Powell began to earn extra money by writing articles for magazines, illustrating them with his own drawings.
After eight years of service in the colonies, Baden-Powell returned to England, where he joined the military intelligence. In 1915, he published a book of memoirs, “My Spy Adventures,” in which he described his adventures in a fascinating manner and illustrated them himself.

Pretending to be an old butterfly collector, Baden-Powell inspected Austrian fortifications in the Balkans. He skillfully disguised his sketches as images of butterflies. He visited Turkey, Italy and other countries, including Russia.
This was in 1886. Maneuvers took place in Krasnoye Selo, during which new searchlights and a new military balloon were to be tested. Robert Baden-Powell and his brother managed to enter the restricted area without much difficulty. William Hilcourt's biography of Baden-Powell says: "They greeted everyone who was greeted by everyone, and passed by the sentries, who asked them nothing." When the guards left for lunch, the brothers were able to get a good look at the balloon gondola, and then remained in the restricted area until the evening to observe the tests of the searchlights. Both the searchlights and the balloon did not seem as interesting to them as they expected.
On the last day of the maneuvers, the brothers wanted to see the “attack” of the fort (Baden-Powell calls it “Nikolin”). One of the brothers watched the attackers of the fort, and the other watched its defenders.
On the way back, when it was already dark, the brothers were detained on the road by officers accompanying the royal crew. They tried to explain that they were Englishmen who were walking to the railway station and got lost in the dark. They asked the officers who detained them to help them get there, but instead they were taken to St. Petersburg. There they were put under house arrest in one of the hotels, from where they later escaped without much difficulty.

That Baden-Powell was a talented spy is evidenced by another book he wrote immediately after returning from South Africa in 1901. It’s called “To Help Scouts.” It gave general advice on methods of observation and deduction to improve the quality of training of soldiers. In addition to purely military advice, other requirements for an intelligence officer formulated by the BP are noteworthy here: he must be strong, healthy, active, a real intelligence officer has good eyesight and hearing, he is a good rider and swimmer, knows how to explore and read his surroundings. All these requirements were later presented to young scouts (scout translated from English as scout). This book was a manual for the training of English military intelligence officers; it soon received universal recognition from specialists, was translated into Russian and published in 1902 by the St. Petersburg publishing house of V. A. Berezovsky, a commission agent for military educational institutions. Abroad, this book went through several editions and was translated into many languages. In the preface to the English edition of 1915, Baden-Powell wrote: “The Russians, who formerly believed in the “machine theory,” have now also gone over to individual training, it lies in the fact that a scout is brought up in every soldier.”

In 1887, Baden-Powell was sent to South Africa, where blacks offered desperate resistance to the British colonialists. He took part in suppressing the uprising of the Zulu, Ashanti and Matabela. In his memoirs, Baden-Powell later wrote that because of his sudden attacks, the blacks nicknamed him “The Wolf that Never Sleeps.”
In 1899, Baden-Powell was promoted to colonel and appointed commandant of the Mafking fortress, an important strategic and administrative point and railway junction. Mafking was located in the Cape Colony, near the border of Bechuanaland, a British protectorate.
The Boer War began on October 12, 1899; Boers from the Transvaal surrounded Mafking. The siege lasted seven months (217 days), until 17 May 1900, when Field Marshal Lord Roberts, advancing on the Transvaal capital Pretoria, expelled special squad to free Mafking.
The garrison consisted of 1,250 men, but Baden-Powell mobilized all men capable of bearing arms. Among them were boys 12-14 years old. Of the most efficient, a detachment of scouts was formed, who were tasked not only with observing enemy positions, but also with carrying letters through the ring of Boers besieging the fortress.
In 1901, Colonel R. Baden-Powell was promoted to major general, and in 1908 to lieutenant general.

After the Boer War, BP returned to his homeland in England after many years of absence. One of the heroes of the war, he became very popular. From all over British Empire he received letters from children. He traveled a lot around the country, giving lectures, attending parades of cadets and “brigades,” and corresponding with children and teenagers. Baden-Powell drew attention to the difference between English boys in Africa and in London. It was a surprise for BP to learn that his manual “To Help Scouts” is used not only by the military, but also by teachers working with children in cadet corps, “Boys' Brigade” (since 1902 he became vice-president of this “Brigade”) and church circles. One day, W. Smith approached him with a proposal to rework the book “To Help Scouts” for children and teachers.

In the summer of 1906, BP received the book “Birch Whistle” by mail from the Canadian naturalist and writer Ernest Seton-Thomson. The author's appeal argued that the ills of society can be cured by simple natural life primitive tribe. The book aroused keen interest among BP.
In 1906 - 1908 BP carefully studied the works of Pestalocius, Epictetus, Titus Livy, analyzed the experience of education among the Spartans, African tribes, Japanese samurai, the traditions of the British and Irish peoples, as well as his military experience as a scout and military man, Baden-Powell began working on the book “Scouting for Boys” ” (“Intelligence for boys”). It was written in the form of fireside chats.

Before publishing it, Baden-Powell decided to test his theories in practice. To do this, he gathered a group of 22 boys and spent 8 days with them in the summer of 1907 in a tent camp on Brownsea Island, off the south coast of England (Dorset). The children were divided into five patrols, each led by a designated leader. The eight-day program was intense and vibrant. On the first day, deployment was carried out, patrols were created and responsibilities were distributed, and leaders were instructed. On the second day, camp activities were studied: knitting knots, making fires and cooking, orienteering, and they also did not forget about hygiene. On the third day, BP taught to recognize details environment near and far from the observer, for example, footprints. The fourth day was devoted to the study of animals, birds, plants, and stars. Fifth - to chivalry: honor, laws, loyalty to the king, officers, chivalrous attitude towards women (this BP was taken from the traditions of the knightly monastic order of St. John on the island of Malta, where he served in 1890-1893, as well as from the legend of the Knights of the Round King Arthur's Table). On the sixth day, the children learned to provide assistance in case of burns, fainting, poisoning, and to act in times of panic. On the penultimate day, BP gave the children concepts about colonial geography, history, the glorious deeds of the empire, its army and navy, and explained the responsibilities of a real citizen. The last day is the day of games and competitions. Of course, there were no lectures at this camp. BP conveyed all the information to the children in an entertaining, game form. First he showed and told, and then conducted practical classes. Everyone liked the camp, and at the beginning of 1908 the book “Scouting for Boys” was published in six separate notebooks.

The need for out-of-school education for teenagers has been felt for a long time, and many attempts have been made to create children's organizations in different countries, but what Baden-Powell proposed turned out to be the most suitable.
BP tried to fit the entire children's world into one book and give the child advice that might come in handy someday. That is why all the theoretical and practical material in the book was arranged according to topics - conversations: from “Scout Laws”, “Tracking”, “Comfort in Camp”, “How to Become Strong”, “The Nobility of Knights”, “What to Do During Accidents” to “Sobriety”, “How to Build Bridges”, etc. Emphasis is placed on developing the citizenry through small groups led by older children and guided by adults. BP aroused enthusiasm in children. No one had previously advised them to whistle in difficult moments and not to be a snob (9th law).

In the early years, the scout laws were dominated by the style of duty, service, and responsibility. For example, the first law: “A scout’s honor must be trusted” had an explanation: “If a scout dishonored his honor by telling a lie or failing to accurately carry out an order given in trust in his honor, he must return his badge and never wear it again. He may also be completely excluded from scouting.” Law two required the child to be faithful to everyone, including his parents. Law three - the duty to help others and be useful, law 7 required obedience, law 8 - ordered to whistle when receiving an order. Laws 4, 5, 6, which deal with politeness, love for animals, and frugality, did not fit into this general atmosphere. Therefore, in 1911, a tenth law was added to the nine: “The Scout is pure in thought, word and deed.” He slightly adjusted the style of the laws.

Children's groups began to spring up spontaneously throughout the country, using his book as the basis for their work. BP began to receive a lot of letters in which children and children demanded clarifications, comments and advice. And BP gave up. After consultation with his friends, he established a Correspondence Bureau. With the participation of A. Pearson, the newspapers “Scout” (for children) and “Headwater Gazette” (for instructors) began to be published. The first detachments appeared in North London, and in the spring of 1908, the whole of England was covered with a network of spontaneously arising detachments. Then the movement spread to the colonies. A year later, King Edward VII received the first parade of fourteen thousand scouts from England. In 1909, the first Girl Scout groups appeared. Legal status The Scout Association of Great Britain received a charter from the king on January 4, 1912, and since then the next monarch has confirmed it with a special Act.

At the end of December 1910, General Baden-Powell arrived in St. Petersburg. O. I. Pantyukhov and V. G. Yanchevetsky, the founder of the legion of “young intelligence officers” in St. Petersburg, learned about this from the newspapers and hastened to meet the author of the book “Young Intelligence Officer”. Baden-Powell invited his new acquaintances to visit England and get acquainted with the organization of scouting work on the spot, and he himself soon left for an audience with Emperor Nicholas II, and then to Moscow, where a banquet was held in his honor by local “young scouts”. Baden-Powell did not have time to get acquainted with intelligence work in St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo.
In 1910, Robert Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes founded a separate organization for girls, the Girl Guides, and in the same year, King Edward VII persuaded Robert Baden-Powell to resign in order to devote himself entirely to working with the Boy Scouts. In 1910 there were more than 123,000 Boy Scouts in Great Britain and its colonies, scouting work began in the USA, Holland, Italy, Finland and other countries, and in 1911 scouting spread to almost all countries of Europe.

After retiring, BP began to travel a lot around Europe. During these travels, BP met Olav Soames, a pretty, active girl. If the general owed his upbringing to his mother, then his future wife, on the contrary, loved sports, hiking, cycling, and nature thanks to her father. In 1912 they got married and, despite big difference aged (she was 23, and he was 55), they lived happily. They had two girls and one boy. At first, BP’s sister Agness tried to lead the Girl Scout movement, but gradually Olav replaced her at the helm of the girl’s organization.

The First World War, which soon broke out, divided the scouts into two warring camps. On the one hand there were Germany and Austria-Hungary, on the other - England, France, Russia and their allies. Scouts on both front lines honestly performed their duty.
After the war, Baden-Powell took up the task of bringing together the youth of all countries and reconciling the warring peoples with even greater energy. For this purpose, the first international scouting meeting was organized in London in 1920, called the Indian word “jamboree,” in which representatives of 32 countries took part. On the last day of the jamboree, August 6, 1920, Baden-Powell was elected Chief Scout of the World. After the international scout jamboree, the International Boy Scout Bureau was created in London.

On August 30, 1922, the Organization of Russian Scouts Abroad, headed by Senior Russian Scout O.I. Pantyukhov, was accepted as a member of this bureau.
According to the rules of the bureau, each state could be represented by only one organization. If there were several scout organizations, they had to unite into a federation.
The second condition of membership was the separation of boys from girls. Mixed troops of boys and girls were prohibited by international scouting rules.

Baden-Powell was a man of exceptional energy. In 1922, he was granted a baronetcy for his scouting activities, and in 1929, the title of “Baron of Gilwell” (Gilwell is the place where Baden-Powell organized courses for scout leaders).
Baden-Powell has written many books about working with scouts. After his most famous book “Scouting for Boys”, intended for leaders of boys 12-16 years old, he published “Wolf Cubs Handbook” in 1916 (a guide for working with wolf cubs - boys 7-11 years old), and in 1922 - “ Rovering to Success” (journey to success) about working with young men over 17 years old, who in the scouting organization were called “Rovers”. These are only three of Baden-Powell's main manuals on scouting, and there were many more in total.
The last Jamboree in which BP took part was in 1937 in Holland.
In 1937, when Baden-Powell's health failed and doctors prescribed him complete rest, he and his wife moved to Kenya (Africa). He lived there from October 1938 until his death on January 8, 1941, a month and a half before his 84th birthday.
Baden-Powell is buried in the local cemetery, and the road to the cemetery is named after him. The Kenya Scouts erected a memorial plaque at the house where Baden-Powell lived and died.
In 1938, BP was nominated for the Nobel Prize, but the war prevented the resolution of this issue.

It is said that today BP is the most widely read British author in the world after Shakespeare, and his Scouting for Boys has sold worldwide copies in this century, second only to the Bible.
D. Hargrave once remarked that Huckleberry Finn was always hiding in BP’s nature, that there was something in him that could be called “Boy Poltergeism.” Many, many children from a rationalized and dead-boring world flocked to Scouting after him.

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