HIV in different countries. Countries where the level of HIV carriers is off the charts

AIDS , full name according to medical terminology “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”) is a painful condition that progresses when the human body is damaged by an incurable disease caused by pathogenic retroviruses of the lentovirus genus. The birthplace of HIV is considered to be Central Africa, where similar viruses were discovered in the blood of chimpanzees. The first cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States in 1981. This is how the statistics of AIDS patients was born.

Further, the disease began to gradually spread throughout the world and already in 1987 reached the vast expanses of the USSR. The first patient to fall ill was a man for a long time worked as a translator in African countries. Today this disease represents real threat for humanity. The official statistics of AIDS patients is disappointing, despite all the measures taken, and forces medicine to look for new methods of combating the dangerous disease.

Causes of the disease

AIDS itself is not a disease. It is only a consequence of HIV, which manifests itself in the weakening of the basic functions of organs and, as a result, high susceptibility of all systems human body to varying in severity. Despite medical advances, HIV/AIDS treatment remains the cornerstone of the industry. It has not yet been possible to destroy the virus that causes the infection; only drugs have been developed that can slightly suppress the pathogen and reduce its activity in weakening the immune system. The main culprit of AIDS enters the body in several ways:

Through seminal fluid having sexual intercourse with an infected person without using a condom.
For injections narcotic drugs needles previously used by HIV patients.
When transfusing infected with a virus donated blood

In addition, there is a risk of infection of the child from the mother through placental tissue and. As statistics of AIDS patients show, the probability of such infection is 12–13%. The infection is not transmitted through saliva during kissing or friendly handshakes.

Detect the disease in its early stages using various methods blood tests in medical institutions and specialized centers - HIV positive result of such tests indicates the presence of the pathogen in the body and transfers the person to the rank of infected.

The plague of our time

AIDS is one of the global problems humanity. Statistics of AIDS patients in the world show that as of 2016, there were more than 40 million people infected with HIV. Most widespread got the disease in African countries:

Zambia – 1.2 million
Kenya – 1.4 million
Tanzania – 1.5 million
Uganda – 1.3 million
Mozambique – 1.5 million
Zimbabwe – 1.6 million
Nigeria – 3.4 million

South Africa ranks first in terms of HIV incidence in the world. Here, about 6.3 million people are infected with the deadly virus. This situation is associated with a low standard of living, developed prostitution, and lack of education of the population in matters of disease prevention.

In Asian countries, India ranks first in the number of HIV-infected people. According to official data, 2 million people are affected by the disease.

In Europe Of the 2.5 million infected, the majority (more than 1.0 million people) of patients are in Russia. The quantitative ratio of ways of contracting the disease varies quite widely across countries. In European countries, the majority of people infected with HIV are among homosexuals who became infected through unprotected sex. In third world countries, the main route of spread of the disease is through sexual contact between heterosexual men and HIV-infected prostitutes. In the vastness former USSR An ambiguous situation with HIV incidence has developed in two neighboring countries - Russia and Ukraine.

Center for the AIDS epidemic in Europe

Russia is the most unfavorable region of the Eurasian continent for the spread of HIV. At the end of 2016, according to statistics, there were 1,114,815 people with AIDS in Russia, of which 223,863 people died, of which 30,550 people died in 2016 (almost 11% more than in the previous year 2015). Average age infected with HIV is:

from 20–30 years – 23.3% of total number;
from 30 to 40 years – 49.6%;
from 40–50 – 19.9%.

The majority (53%) became infected while injecting drugs through unsterile, contaminated needles. 2016 was marked by another increase in the incidence of HIV in Russia - during the period from January to December, the disease was detected in 103,438 people, which is 5.3% higher than in 2015. By region, the most unfavorable regions for the spread of HIV are the following regions:

Irkutsk.
Samara.
Sverdlovskaya.
Kemerovo.
Tyumen.
Chelyabinskaya.

The HIV incidence rate for 2016 in these regions is several times higher than the national average. Data for these areas is shown in the table below. Regions of Russia with high HIV incidence rates in 2016:

Region	Incidence of living HIV patients/100 thousand population	Incidence rate for 2016, HIV infected/100 thousand population
Region
Irkutsk	1636,0	163,6
Samara	1476,9	161,5
Sverdlovskaya	1647,9	156,9
Kemerovo	1582,5	228,0
Chelyabinsk	1079,6	154,0
Tyumen	1085,4	150,0
National average	594,3	70,6

By city high incidence rates are observed in Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Krasnoyarsk. In Yekaterinburg, every 50 residents are HIV-infected.

Statistics of AIDS patients (HIV) in Russia indicate that in the future the situation will be very difficult and its solution depends on how effective measures the state takes to combat this disease.

AIDS in Ukraine

The situation in Ukraine regarding the level of HIV/AIDS infection is also very difficult. Official statistics of AIDS patients in Ukraine during the spread of the disease to post-Soviet space is this:

since 1987, 295,603 people have been infected with HIV;
as of 2016, 41,115 people had died.

The most affected areas are the following:

Dnepropetrovsk.
Kyiv.
Donetsk.
Odessa.
Nikolaevskaya.

The statistics of AIDS patients here exceeds the national average by 1.5–2 times. The level of infected people in Kyiv is also high. The main route of transmission of the virus is unprotected sexual relations - more than 57% of all cases. Taking into account the increase in the number of patients in 2013–2015, the forecast for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Ukraine for 2017 is disappointing. If last year's trend continues, the number of patients will increase by another 15–17 thousand people.

AIDS patient statistics both in individual countries and in the world it is progressing inexorably. It is difficult to predict how many AIDS patients will appear by the end of this year. Until a cure for HIV is found, the virus continues to advance.

The immunodeficiency virus was first identified by scientists in 1983. It was then that the etiological cause of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was established. However, the attention of specialists is still focused on such a dangerous disease as HIV. Statistics show that it is constantly becoming more common. And the saddest thing is that in modern medicine there are no effective methods treatment of pathology.

Basic statistics of HIV-infected people

The disease is constantly progressing and spreading throughout the population. This is officially confirmed by statistics on the incidence of HIV and AIDS. According to the latest data from scientists, today the number of people infected with HIV reaches 40 million people. Of these, 37.5% contracted the infection in the last 2 years, which is about 15 million.

At the same time, the pathology is constantly progressing, new strains of the pathogen appear as a result of modification. This greatly complicates the process of treating patients.

Infection with a retrovirus occurs more often through sexual contact or through the use of unsterile needles, which is often observed among drug addicts. The number of HIV-infected people is constantly increasing, and in order to slow down the progression of the disease, experts strongly recommend periodic testing for AIDS. Early detection allows you to prescribe full-fledged antiretroviral therapy. According to statistics, only 9.5 million HIV (AIDS) patients receive quality treatment, which is less than a quarter of the total number of carriers.

HIV (AIDS) statistics in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the issue of immunodeficiency is especially acutely discussed twice a year - on the Day against this disease (December 1) and in early May, when the Day of Mourning for those killed as a result of infection with a retrovirus is declared.

The statistics of HIV-infected people in Russia is constantly changing, and not in better side. Behind last years The number of infected people has increased significantly and now reaches 250 thousand people. Experts say that the problem is becoming enormous. Today, the infection is mainly transmitted through sexual and parenteral routes.

Statistics of AIDS patients in Russia confirm that the bulk of those infected are young people aged 19 to 29 years. If we take into account injection drug addicts, then from among those treated for medical care 78% of them were diagnosed with immunodeficiency virus.

During sexual intercourse without condoms, a considerable number of patients are also infected. It is difficult to determine exactly how many people with HIV received the pathogen this way. However, statistics on HIV infection in Russia state that of the number of people infected through sexual contact, most are women. This is due to anatomical features. Women tend to have more close contact with body fluids, particularly semen. It contains a high concentration of retrovirus, which is able to penetrate the body through microcracks in the vaginal mucosa that form during sexual intercourse.

A less common method of transmission is from mother to infant. HIV transmission statistics indicate that over the entire period of the disease, more than 6 thousand cases of birth of infected babies were registered. The infants' mothers were women of fertile age.

As for the male half of the population, according to statistics in Russia, about 2% of the stronger sex is infected with AIDS. The age of patients is in the range of 23-40 years. Among them, infection occurred in the following ways:

as a result of drug use - 53%;
homosexual relationships - 1.5%;
with unprotected sexual intercourse - 43%;
boys who received the infection in the womb or during childbirth from their mother - 2.5%.

Why is HIV infection spreading so quickly? Statistics confirm that the vast majority of infected people received their “dose” of the retrovirus through a syringe. In Russia, more than half of drug addicts use potent substances by injection, which poses a huge risk, because syringes are almost always used multiple times and for several people.

Additionally, the progression of AIDS can be explained by the lack of a clear program to combat retroviral infection. At the very beginning, when AIDS began to spread in the Russian Federation, statistics showed a sharp jump - an increase in the number of cases. During several years international associations to combat immunodeficiency, a certain amount was allocated, which was used for antiretroviral therapy in patients. When Russia was recognized as a high-income country, this assistance was withheld, and the funds allocated from the state budget became insufficient to provide quality therapy to patients.

How many HIV-infected people are there in specific regions of Russia?

The situation with the spread of immunodeficiency leaves much to be desired, however, the homogeneity of the disease is somewhat diverse - in the Russian Federation, some regions require more attention from doctors, while in others the rate of transmission of a dangerous disease does not cause concern. According to experts, the saddest situation is observed in the Irkutsk region. Here, retrovirus infection reaches 1.5% of the total population.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) and how does it become infected? More than 75% of patients in this region are infected as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse, with a certain percentage occurring in homosexual relationships. The remaining 25% experience pathology when injecting drugs, Not a large number of occurs among children born to HIV-positive mothers.

Also among the leaders in the progression of infection with immunodeficiency are the Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo regions, Perm, and Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. The statistics of HIV infection in Russia are no more rosy in the following regions:

Altaic;
Tomsk;
Kurgansky;
Novosibirsk;
Samara;
Tyumen;
Ulyanovsky;
Tverskoy;
Omsk;
Murmansk;
Orenburg;
Chelyabinsk;
Ivanovsky;
Leningradsky.

How many AIDS patients are in the capital of the country can be answered more precisely. HIV statistics in Moscow at the beginning of the 21st century did not cause much concern among doctors, but this picture quickly changed in the opposite direction. In recent years, the retrovirus has begun to spread among residents of the capital by leaps and bounds. In 2016, more than 10 thousand infected people were registered. Moreover, half of them received the retrovirus through unprotected sex. 23% of those infected in this way became ill as a result of homosexual intercourse. HIV (AIDS) statistics in the regions of Russia remain unfavorable and require the adoption of certain measures to reduce the rate of spread of the disease.

The situation in the world: how quickly is AIDS spreading?

How many AIDS patients are there on the entire planet, which countries are one step away from developing an epidemic? The number of infected people varies from country to country. The most deplorable situation is observed in Africa, or more precisely in the South. The inhabitants of these regions make up only 10% of the total population of the planet. Moreover, out of the total number of HIV-infected people (about 40 million), 25 million are on this continent. These numbers are shocking.

The most unfavorable statistics of people infected with HIV (AIDS) are observed in the following countries of the world:

South Africa - more than 5 million;
India - 6.5 million;
Ethiopia - more than 4 million infected;
Nigeria - 3.6 million;
Mozambique - almost 2 million;
Kenya, Zimbabwe - 1.7 million infected each;
USA - 1.3 million;
China and Russia are about 1 million carriers of the retrovirus.

If we take into account European continent, then approximately half of all infected people are residents of Ukraine and Russia. The main route of transmission of the virus in these countries is parenteral.

The HIV infection rate by country raises concerns for the future of humanity; analyzing the statistics, it can be argued that the massive spread is occurring in underdeveloped regions.

According to statistics, in countries infected with AIDS, the leading route of transmission is sexual and parenteral. The danger of the disease also lies in the fact that most patients do not want to believe in infection and refuse antiretroviral therapy. It can take more than 10 years from the infection to the stage of AIDS, but this indicator depends on the immune defense. In the absence of quality treatment, the disease develops much faster and leads to irreversible consequences.

Over the entire period of known immunodeficiency, more than 24 million patients died from it. At the same time, patients who received timely therapy were able to live fully for decades, no different from healthy people.

It is difficult to say exactly how many people are infected with HIV (AIDS), since the pathology is constantly spreading. However, scientists do not lose hope of finding effective drug and defeat the retrovirus completely.

The only regions in the world where the HIV epidemic continues to spread rapidly are Eastern Europe and Central Asia, according to a new UNAIDS report. Russia in these regions accounts for 80% of new HIV cases in 2015, notes international organization. Another 15% of new diseases occur collectively in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Ukraine.

In terms of the rate of spread of the epidemic, Russia has overtaken even the countries of South Africa, as follows from the latest morbidity statistics. Meanwhile Russian authorities not only do they not increase funding for the purchase of medicines for patients, but, if you believe reports from the regions, they even increase savings on this item.

By comparing published UNAIDS statistics on new HIV cases in different countries with the number of patients already existing in these countries, Gazeta.Ru was convinced that our country is the leader in the rate of spread of HIV not only in its region.

The share of new cases of HIV in Russia in 2015 was more than 11% of the total number of people living with HIV (95.5 thousand and 824 thousand, respectively, according to Federal Center AIDS). In the vast majority of African countries, the number of new cases does not exceed 8%, in largest countries South America this share in 2015 was about 5% of the total number of patients.

For example, in terms of the rate of growth of new cases in 2015, Russia is ahead of such African countries as Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, each of them has almost twice as many patients as in our country (1.4-1.5 million people ).

More new cases than in Russia now occur annually only in Nigeria - 250 thousand infections, but the total number of carriers there is many times higher - 3.5 million people, so in proportion the incidence is lower - about 7.1%.

HIV epidemic in the world

In 2015, there were 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. Of these, 17 million were receiving antiretroviral therapy. The number of new infections reached 2.1 million. Last year, 1.1 million people died from AIDS worldwide.

Number of new HIV infections in Eastern Europe And Central Asia has grown by 57% since 2010. Over the same period, the Caribbean saw a 9% increase in new cases, the Middle East and North Africa- 4%, in Latin America - 2%.

A decrease was noted in Eastern and South Africa(by 4%), as well as in the Asia-Pacific region (by 3%). In Europe, North America, Western and Central Africa there was a slight decrease.

In the largest countries of Latin America - Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico - the share of new cases of HIV infection remained at 5% of the number of carriers. For example, in Brazil, where the number of people living with HIV is approximately the same as in Russia (830 thousand), 44 thousand people became infected in 2015.

In the United States, where there are one and a half times more HIV patients than in Russia, half as many people become ill each year - about 50 thousand people, according to charitable organization AVERT, which funds the fight against AIDS.

Russia can't cope on its own

UNAIDS experts see the main reason for the deterioration of the situation in the fact that Russia has lost international support for HIV programs and has not been able to replace it with adequate prevention at the expense of the budget.

In 2004-2013, the Global Fund remained the largest donor for HIV prevention in the region (Eastern Europe and Central Asia), but as a result of the classification of Russia World Bank As high-income countries, international support has withdrawn, and domestic funding for the fight against HIV has not adequately covered antiretroviral therapy (prevents the progression of HIV to AIDS and ensures infection prevention).

The amount of grants from the Global Fund for HIV amounted to more than $200 million, head of the Federal AIDS Center Vadim Pokrovsky told Gazeta.Ru. “Many preventive and treatment programs were implemented in the country with this money. After the government returned this money to the Global Fund, it focused mainly on financing treatment, and there was no one to finance prevention programs; they died out,” he complains.

According to the Ministry of Health, today only 37% of patients who are constantly monitored receive the necessary medications. Of the total number of patients, this is only 28%, according to data from the Federal AIDS Center. There is not enough money allocated, so in Russia there is a standard according to which medications are prescribed only in the event of a critical decrease in the immunity of an HIV-infected person. This does not correspond to the WHO recommendation to treat all patients immediately after detection of the virus.

Another reason is that Russia is the leader in the use of injecting drugs by the population - 1.5 million people in our country already take them, according to the UNAIDS report.

It is the use of drugs with unsterile instruments that remains the cause the largest number infections - 54% of patients became infected in this way.

There is almost no prevention among drug addicts and other high-risk groups, Pokrovsky previously told Gazeta.Ru. According to UNAIDS, after the end of Global Fund grants in 2014, 30 projects serving 27 thousand people were left without support in Russia. And while the remaining projects in 2015 continued to support HIV prevention services among drug users in 16 cities, their scale was not sufficient, the report notes.

Russia also does not support the UN-recommended methadone substitution therapy, which involves drug addicts taking methadone instead of the drug they use. In this therapy programs, as a rule, methadone is used in the form of a liquid substance mixed with syrup or water and taken orally, without the use of injection needles and syringes, which reduces the risk of transmitting not only HIV, but also other dangerous infectious diseases, including hepatitis.

Secret underfunding

The release of the UNAIDS report coincided with the appearance of the first signals from Russian regions that funding for the purchase of HIV drugs may be reduced, despite recent statements by the head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, about her intention to increase the proportion of patients receiving therapy.

The Republic of Karelia has been allocated 25% less funds compared to 2015 - 29.7 million instead of 37 million rubles, TASS reported on July 13, citing the regional Ministry of Health. At the same time, less funds were also allocated from the regional budget than last year - the reduction was 10%. Received less money in 2016 and Krasnoyarsk region(326 million instead of 400 million rubles in 2015), reports State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Krasnoyarsk.

Similar messages are coming from St. Petersburg, Perm region and other regions. At the same time, the total amount of funds provided for in the 2015 and 2016 federal budgets for the purchase of antiretroviral drugs is approximately the same - the amount remains at about 21 billion rubles, part of the funds is allocated for purchases for federal medical institutions.

In the 2015 budget, 17.485 billion rubles were allocated directly to the regions; in 2016, the amount decreased slightly and amounted to 17.441 billion rubles. Information on whether the funds were delivered to the regions in full or were somehow redistributed or frozen, federal ministries kept secret. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health did not respond to relevant requests from Gazeta.Ru.

According to the government report on the implementation of the anti-crisis plan, which Gazeta.Ru was able to review, the money was transferred to regional budgets in full, but the Ministry of Finance refused to confirm this information.

How the world is fighting HIV

Measures to combat HIV in general are the same all over the world: prevention includes informing the population, identifying the most vulnerable groups of citizens, distributing contraception and syringes, active measures are antiretroviral therapy, which maintains the standard of living of those already ill and prevents the patient from infecting others. However, each country has its own regional characteristics.

Governments in the United States primarily fund social campaigns that combat the taboo topic of AIDS. Also, with the help of social actions, Americans are encouraged to undergo regular testing, especially if the person belongs to one of the most vulnerable groups - black citizens, men who have had homosexual contacts, and others.

Another way to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS is sex education. In 2013, the immunodeficiency virus was taught in 85% of American schools. In 1997, these programs were taught in 92% of American schools, but due to resistance from citizen religious groups, enrollment rates have declined.

From 1996 to 2009, more than $1.5 billion was spent on promoting abstinence as the only way to combat HIV in the United States. But since 2009, funding for “orthodox” methods began to decline, and more funds began to be allocated to providing comprehensive information.

However, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, so far only 15 states require that students talk about contraception when talking to schoolchildren about HIV prevention, despite the fact that, according to statistics, 47% of high school students have had sexual experience. Information about HIV remains optional in 15 states, as does sex education; in two more, only sex education is included in the program.

In China, according to 2013 data, 780 thousand people live with the immunodeficiency virus, more than a quarter of whom receive antiretroviral therapy. The most vulnerable groups of the population are gays and bisexuals, young Chinese under 24 years of age, drug addicts who inject themselves, and there is a high proportion of infections from mother to child. In China, infection most often occurs through unprotected sex, so preventing sexual transmission of the virus accounts for the bulk of efforts. Measures include treatment for couples in which one of the partners is infected with HIV, distributing free condoms, popularizing testing for the virus, and informing children and adults about the disease.

A separate category of efforts is the fight against the illegal blood market, which flourished after the ban on imported blood products in the 1980s. Enterprising Chinese, according to Avert, were looking for plasma donors in rural areas, without any concern for the safety of the procedure. Only in 2010 did China begin to test all donated blood for HIV.

In India, the world's second largest country, 2.1 million people were living with HIV in 2015, one of the highest numbers in the world. Of those sick, 36% received treatment.

Hindus identify four risk groups. These are sex workers, illegal immigrants, men who have had homosexual contacts, drug addicts and the hijra caste (one of the untouchable castes, which includes transgender people, bisexuals, hermaphrodites, castrati).

As in many other countries, the fight against HIV in India is carried out through outreach to the most vulnerable sections of the population, information, distribution of condoms, syringes and needles, as well as methadone substitution therapy. The epidemic in the country is declining: in 2015, according to UNAIDS, less people than in Russia - 86 thousand people.

In Latin and Central America in 2014, there were 1.6 million people living with the immunodeficiency virus, 44% of whom received the necessary treatment. Among the measures that countries in the region have taken to combat the epidemic are social campaigns explaining what HIV is and why people with the disease cannot be discriminated against. Such actions took place, in particular, in Peru, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. Needle and syringe programs were held in five countries—Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay—and substitution therapy was used in select cities in Colombia and Mexico. In some countries in the region, sick people receive cash benefits.

Australia, which has one of the lowest incidence rates in the world, achieved these results by introducing comprehensive prevention programs and by never stopping them. She also began the fight against HIV earlier than others, notes Pokrovsky from the AIDS Center. “For example, back in 1989, I became acquainted with the work of the organization “Collective of Prostitutes of Australia,” which was involved in HIV prevention among sex workers. This and dozens of similar projects were constantly funded by the government,” he emphasizes.

Thanks to HIV statistics, it is possible to track the number of people who suffer from this disease and, on this basis, prepare preventive and therapeutic measures. The problem of HIV in Russia is very urgent. IN Lately There is a real HIV epidemic in Russia, which requires the correct development of methods for treating the pathology.

If the pathology is not treated in a timely manner, there is a rapid development of AIDS in the world. The disease is characterized by gradual progression and spread throughout the population. Statistics show that HIV is spreading rapidly around the world. The degree of HIV development in countries directly depends on their economic, moral and social development. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the prevalence of the disease is at its highest. high level. In second place is Latin America. The third highest prevalence of HIV among adults by country is found in North America and Western and Central Europe.

HIV statistics in Russia are deplorable. Officially, this disease has been diagnosed in one million 200 thousand people. The number of HIV-infected people is increasing against the backdrop of various harmful habits - drug addiction, alcoholism. Among the countries of the world, HIV is diagnosed quite often in Russia.

The HIV incidence rate in Russia by city is quite high. People who live in St. Petersburg, Moscow, etc. most often suffer from the virus.

The main thing about preventing HIV and AIDS infection

In order to stop AIDS in Russia, it is necessary to carry out timely prevention. To reduce the number of people infected with HIV in Russia , The use of several directions is recommended. In order to limit the development HIV infection In Russia, it is recommended to limit the amount of vertical transmission of pathology.

Vaccines are used to combat and prevent various infectious diseases. In order to reduce the spread of AIDS in Russia, it is also necessary to use vaccination. But, unfortunately, to date no effective preventive method has been developed.

In most cases, the pathological process is transmitted sexually. That is why various educational programs are being developed to teach people correct sexual behavior. They argue that by eliminating sexual intercourse without barrier contraception with untested partners, the incidence of infection is significantly reduced.

A variety of educational programs are quite effective. They talk about the peculiarities of the pathological process, as well as its complications. The programs are based on training and support methods, which makes it possible to reduce the individual risk of infection.

The risk of contracting the disease is directly affected by the type of contact. It can be sexual - vaginal and anal. The infection is also transmitted through injections. That is why it is often diagnosed in people who regularly take drugs. It is quite rare to diagnose an accidental infection with an infection that enters through wounds existing on the human body.

During the period of prevention of the pathological process, it is recommended to take into account the fact of vulnerability. This group includes people who, under various circumstances, cannot protect themselves from infection. In this case, constant monitoring of events in a person’s life is recommended. This significantly increases the possibility of dangerous contacts and human infection.

The occurrence of pathology is diagnosed only upon contact with an infected person. HIV infection is impossible through contact with animals and insects. The infection is contained in various fluids - vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk, sperm. That is why there are three routes of infection:

Through blood. Transfusion of this fluid, transplantation of tissues and organs - common reasons infection. The disease can be diagnosed by using a non-sterile instrument during medical manipulations And cosmetic procedures. If a person uses unsterile syringes to inject drugs, this can cause pathology.
From mother to child. When a child passes through the birth canal of an infected mother during childbearing, this can cause illness. One of the ways of transmission of infection is breast-feeding newborn baby.
Unprotected sexual contact. Transmission of infection is observed not only in heterosexuals, but also in homosexuality.

People should remember that HIV is not transmitted through contact, through household items, food and money. With the simultaneous use of common personal belongings and premises, the development of a pathological process is not observed.

HIV infection is a fairly severe infectious process that is quite difficult to treat. The disease can lead to a variety of undesirable effects, one of which is death. That is why pathology prevention should be carried out regularly.

Statistics

HIV statistics are frightening. As of January 1, 2017, the number of people infected with HIV in Russia was 870,952 people. According to statistics on HIV in Russia, the disease is most often diagnosed in patients aged 30-39 years for men and 25-29 years for women. In recent years, there has been a more frequent diagnosis of the pathological process in adolescence and adolescence.

Data from official statistics on HIV and AIDS in Russia indicate the number of deaths that occur as a result of the disease. In the previous year, 30,550 were registered deaths. In Russia, HIV statistics annually provide figures that are dynamically increasing.

If we consider HIV in Russia by region, the disease is most often diagnosed in the Sverdlovsk region. In second place is Irkutsk, and in third – Kemerovo region. Further, according to the degree of reduction in the spread of infection, HIV statistics indicate the following areas:

Chelyabinskaya;
Novosibirsk;
Ulyanovskaya, etc.

The percentage of HIV infected people in Russia is constantly increasing. HIV statistics in Russian cities provides information that pathology develops most often in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Kaliningrad, etc. A sufficient number of HIV patients are in Ulyanovsk and Novosibirsk. The leaders in the spread of HIV infection in Russia are cities such as Orenburg and Tyumen. The incidence rate is increasing quite intensively in Tyumen and Samara.

If the pathological process is not treated in a timely manner, people often die. This year, 243,863 people died from AIDS. The top acquired immune deficiency syndrome ranking is opened by Tyva and Mordovia. The mortality and birth rates of children affected by the disease are constantly increasing.

How many people suffer from AIDS in Russia directly depends on the person’s age, region of residence and lifestyle.

conclusions

The number of AIDS patients in Russia is constantly increasing. Among the residents various countries HIV prevalence is observed in the adult population. The disease is diagnosed most often in people who lead an immoral lifestyle. Country statistics confirm that AIDS is more common in people with immunodeficiency.

There are 1,114,815 registered cases of the disease in our country. At the same time, new detected cases of HIV infection are constantly registered. For every million infected people there are 700,000 deaths. Every fifth person infected with HIV dies. Treatment of HIV patients must be given due attention.

To reduce the growth of new cases of infection, it is recommended to carry out timely prevention of the disease. In this case, it is necessary to limit unverified sexual contacts between men and women. It is recommended to educate the most disadvantaged people through special educational programs. This will reduce the total number of infection carriers. To combat HIV, the patient must seek help from a doctor who, after conducting the appropriate diagnosis, will prescribe adequate treatment.

HIV statistics in the worldhelps track how many suffer from this disease and search for more effective ways fight him.

HIV

HIV infection is a disease caused by the immunodeficiency virus. The disease belongs to the category of slowly progressing. It affects the immune system, as a result of which it develops. The body loses its defenses and ability to resist diseases.

How long do people live with the immunodeficiency virus? StatisticsHIV shows that the average age is no more than 11 years. In the AIDS stage – 9 months. If the patient consults doctors in a timely manner and undergoes antiviral therapy, the life expectancy may be 70–80 years.

The patient's health status also matters. A healthy person has a better chance of long life and successful treatment.

The virus is transmitted through single contact of damaged skin or mucous membrane with the patient’s biological fluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions. Transmission of infection occurs:

during an unprotected
during manicure (through unsanitized instruments);
during and during (from mother to child);
when (if medical staff violates the rules for checking blood);
while taking a dose of injecting drugs (through syringes and needles);
when breastfeeding.

The virus cannot be transmitted through tears, saliva, insect bites, household or airborne transmission.

Data for different countries

Cause of infection	Prevalence (%)	Incidence (%)	Number of cases per 100 thousand people
through injections	45	23,18	12 977
Sexual relations with drug addicts	8	5,15	3601
Prostitution	9	3,23	905
Using the services of prostitutes	4	4,07	91
Homosexual relationships	5	13,17	983
Injections in a medical facility	1,1	0,58	1
Blood transfusion	1,1	0,22	49

People who inject drugs are most at risk.

Cases of illness among health workers were also recorded. HIV statistics show that the risk of infection in this category of the population is also high. In the United States alone, over the past few years, more than a hundred cases have been reported, 57 of which have been proven.

Indicators for Russia

According to the Ministry of Health, HIV statistics in our country are shocking. There is a real epidemic in Russia. In terms of growth rates in the number of sick people, the Russian Federation will soon approach those of Africa. Statistics on HIV infection in Russia allow us to conclude that 57% of infections occur among heroin addicts through dirty syringes.

WITH HIV statistics by yearreflects the number of people who died from AIDS and are still living with the immunodeficiency virus:

Year	Got sick in a year	Revealed for all time	Died	Living with HIV
1995	203	1 090	407	683
2000	59 161	89 808	3 452	86 356
2005	38 021	334 066	7 395	326 671
2013	79 421	798 866	153 221	645 645
2016	87 670	1 081 876	233 152	848 724
First quarter of 2017	21 274	1 103 150	No data	869 998

Regional HIV incidence statistics are off the charts where the largest drug distribution channels are located. The majority of sick citizens in 2016 were in the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk and Samara regions. There are at least 1.5 thousand sick people here for every 100,000 people.

The diagram shows HIV statistics by region, showing the 10 regions with the highest a large number sick.

HIV statistics in Russia show that most people infected in Irkutsk region. In addition to those listed in the diagram, the most affected include Moscow, Tomsk, Ivanovo, Omsk, Murmansk region, Altai region. This also includes St. Petersburg.

From HIV shows an increase in indicators. In 2015, 212,578 patients died. This figure is 12.9% higher than the previous year.

The number of HIV patients in Tatarstan has also increased. Statistics say that in 2015, about 18 thousand patients diagnosed with HIV were identified here. Every year the number of infected people increases by 1 thousand people. The mortality rate among those infected with the immunodeficiency virus has also increased. More infected children were also born.

Most carriers of the virus are people aged 20 to 39 years. The main cause of infection is injections narcotic substances dirty syringes.

Russian HIV allows us to conclude that the largest number of cases are between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The vast majority are men. Women are most often infected under the age of 35. At the same time, the number of sick teenagers and 15 to 20 year olds has decreased. The data is shown in detail in percentages on the chart:

Routes of transmission of the disease in Russia

IN Soviet time unprotected sex with African students ranked first. Today, statistics of people infected with HIV indicate that greatest number sick people among drug addicts - 48.8% of the total number of infected people. They become infected when using unsterile syringes. According to the results of studies by city, the largest number of cases among drug addicts was registered in Moscow (12–14%), St. Petersburg (30%), and Biysk (more than 70%).

The diagram shows statistics of HIV patients, displaying the main causes of infection in the USSR and modern Russia for the period from 1987 to 2016:

Indicators in the countries of the former USSR

HIV statistics in Ukraine also not comforting. During six months of 2016, 7,612 people were diagnosed. Of these, 1,365 are HIV-infected children. Statistics show that the main reason is the reduction in funding for programs to combat AIDS.

In total, there are 287,970 patients in Ukraine today. Between 1987 and 2016, almost 40,000 citizens died from AIDS. Ukraine is among the leaders in the spread of the disease in the world.The chart shows which areas are most affected by HIV:

HIV statistics in Belarusrecorded 17,605 patients as of 2017. The prevalence rate is 185.2 per 100 thousand people. population. In just 2 months of 2017, 431 citizens with the immunodeficiency virus were identified. The majority of HIV-infected people are in the Gomel, Minsk and Brest regions. For the period from 1987 to 2017. 5,044 people died of AIDS in Belarus.

In 2016, HIV statistics in Kazakhstan indicate an increase in the number of infected people. During this year, about 3 thousand carriers of the virus were identified, of which 33 patients were children under 14 years of age.

conclusions

As HIV statistics show in Russia and the CIS countries, the epidemiological situation continues to worsen. Morbidity and mortality rates are very high. It is necessary to strengthen measures to combat the disease in the country, otherwise the rate of spread will continue to grow.