What was especially important for the Russian troops. Why was the battle with the Swedes especially important for the Russian troops?

1. Introductory words and phrases are not members of the proposal. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude to the content of the statement (confidence or uncertainty, emotional reaction, etc.):

Example: Unfortunately, he didn't have watercolors(Soloukhin).

Introductory sentences can also perform the same function.

For example: I dare say I was loved in the house(Turgenev) - the structure is a definite personal one-part sentence; In life, do you know, there is always room for exploits(M. Gorky) - the structure is a two-part sentence; We, if you want to know, we came to demand(Gorbatov) - in structure, a conditional one-part clause.

In writing, introductory words, phrases and sentences usually separated by commas.

Classes of introductory words by meaning

Meaning	Introductory Components	Examples
1. Evaluation of what is reported in terms of reliability, etc.:
1.1. Confidence, authenticity	Of course, of course, indisputably, undoubtedly, without a doubt, certainly, indeed, in fact, truly, of course, of course, truly etc.	Undoubtedly, someone is sucking the life out of this strange girl who cries when others in her place laugh (Korolenko). The heroine of this novel, goes without saying, there was Masha (L. Tolstoy). Indeed, since my mother died... I was very rarely seen at home (Turgenev).
1.2. Uncertainty, assumption, uncertainty, assumption	Probably, it seems, as it seems, probably, in all likelihood, right, tea, obviously, perhaps, perhaps, it is visible, apparently, as it seems, it is true, maybe, it should be, it seems, I think, I believe, it is necessary to believe, I hope , in some way, in some sense, suppose, suppose, let's say, if you want, one way or another etc.	She probably still drinks coffee and cookies in the morning.(Fadeev). Life, it seems, has not yet begun(Paustovsky). Apparently the free bread was to my liking(Mezherov). And he dreamed, perhaps, of approaching by a different route, knocking at the window with the expected guest, dear(Tvardovsky). I have a headache. Must be due to bad weather(Chekhov).
2. Different feelings:
2.1. Joy, approval	Fortunately, to happiness, to joy, to joy, to the pleasure of someone, what is good, what is even better etc.	Fortunately, Alekhine left the house an hour earlier and caught the ship sailing to Frankfurt(Kotov). Here, to Petya's indescribable admiration, an entire metalworking workshop has been set up on an old kitchen table(Kataev).
2.2. Regret, disapproval	Unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to the shame of someone, to regret, to annoyance, to misfortune, as if unfortunately, as if on purpose, by a sinful act, what is even worse, what is offensive, alas etc.	Unfortunately, I must add that in the same year Pavel passed away(Turgenev).
2.3. Surprise, bewilderment	To surprise, amazing, amazing thing, to amazement, strange, strange thing, incomprehensible thing etc.	Naydenov, to Nagulny's amazement, in one second he shrugged off his leather jacket and sat down at the table(Sholokhov).
2.4. Fear	The hour is uneven, God forbid, whatever happens etc.	Just look, the oar will rip out and he will be thrown into the sea(Novikov-Priboy).
2.5. General expressive nature of the utterance	In conscience, in justice, in essence, in essence, in soul, in truth, in truth, in truth, one must tell the truth, if the truth is to be told, it is funny to say, to say in honor, between us, speaking between us, there is nothing to say in vain, I confess, except jokes, actually etc.	There were, however, some weaknesses behind him(Turgenev). I admit, I don’t really like this tree - aspen...(Turgenev). Nothing offends me more, dare I say, offends me so much, as ingratitude(Turgenev).
3. Source of message	According to someone, according to someone, in my opinion, according to you, according to someone, according to someone, according to rumors, according to a proverb, according to legend, from the point of view of someone, I remember, one can hear, they say, they say, as one can hear, as I think, as I think, as I remember, as they say, as they believe, as is known, as was pointed out, as it turned out, as they said in the old days, in my opinion etc.	Pesotsky, they say, has apples as big as his head, and Pesotsky, they say, made his fortune from the garden(Chekhov). The calculation, in my opinion, was mathematically accurate(Paustovsky). Twenty years ago Line Lake was such a wilderness that, according to foresters, not every bird dared to fly there(Paustovsky).
4. Order of thoughts and their connections	Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, so, therefore, therefore, thus, on the contrary, on the contrary, for example, for example, in particular, in addition, in addition, to top it all off, in addition, moreover, on the one hand, on the other hand, however, by the way, in general, in addition, therefore, the main thing, by the way, by the way, by the way etc.	On the one hand, the darkness was saving: it hid us(Paustovsky). Forest air is healing, it lengthens life, it increases our vitality, and, finally, it turns the mechanical and sometimes difficult process of breathing into pleasure(Paustovsky). So, the next day I stood in this room behind the doors and listened as my fate was decided(Dostoevsky).
5. Assessing the style of expression, manner of speaking, ways of forming thoughts	In a word, in one word, in other words, in other words, directly speaking, roughly speaking, in fact, in fact, in short, in short, more accurately, better to say, directly to say, easier to say, so to speak, how to say, if I may say so, what's called etc.	In a word, Storeshnikov was thinking more and more strongly about getting married every day.(Chernyshevsky). In short, this is not a master in science, but a worker(Chekhov). We got up and went to push ourselves to the well, or rather, to the fountain(Garshin).
6. Assessment of the measure, the degree of what is being said; the degree of commonality of the facts stated	At least, at least to one degree or another, to a large extent, as usual, as usual, it happens, happens, as usual, as always, as it happens, as it happens, as it happens sometimes etc.	Talked to me at least like an army commander(Simonov). Behind the counter, as usual, Nikolai Ivanovich stood almost the entire width of the opening...(Turgenev) It happens that mine is luckier(Griboyedov).
7. Drawing the interlocutor’s attention to the message, emphasizing, emphasizing	Do you see, know, remember, understand, believe, listen, allow, imagine, imagine, can imagine, believe, imagine, admit, believe, believe, not believe, agree, notice, do me a favor, if you want to know, I remind, we remind, I repeat, I emphasize what is important, what is even more important, what is essential, what is even more significant etc.	You were afraid, admit it, when my fellows threw a rope around your neck?(Pushkin). Imagine, our young people are already bored(Turgenev). We, if you want to know, we came to demand(Gorbatov). Where was this, please?(Pavlenko).

2. In terms of their grammatical correlation, introductory words and constructions can go back to different parts of speech and different grammatical forms:

nouns in various cases with and without prepositions;

Without a doubt, for joy, fortunately etc.

adjectives in short form, in various cases, in the superlative degree;

Right, guilty, the main thing, in general, the most important thing, the least.

pronouns in indirect cases with prepositions;

In addition, besides, meanwhile.

adverbs in the positive or comparative degree;

Undoubtedly, of course, probably, in short, more accurately.

verbs in various forms indicative or imperative mood;

I think, believe me, they seemed to say, imagine, have mercy.

infinitive or combination with an infinitive;

See, know, admit, funny to say.

combinations with participles;

To tell the truth, in short, to put it roughly.

two-part sentences with a subject - a personal pronoun and a predicate - a verb with the meaning of expression of will, speaking, thought, etc.;

For as long as I can remember, I often think.

impersonal offers;
It seemed to her that we all remember it well.
vaguely personal proposals.
This is how they thought about him, how they usually talked about him.

That's why it is necessary to distinguish between introductory words and homonymous forms and constructions.

Pay attention!

Depending on the context, the same words act either as introductory words (hence, not members of the sentence), or as members of the sentence. In order not to make a mistake, you should remember that:

A) you can ask a question to a member of a sentence;

b) the introductory word is not a member of the sentence and has one of the meanings listed above;

V) Introductory words can usually (but not always) be removed from the sentence.

Compare the sentences given in pairs:

This is true(Dostoevsky). - True, sometimes... it’s not too fun to wander along country roads (Turgenev).

During the summer, he can become attached to this weak, talkative creature, get carried away, fall in love (Chekhov). - You may have thought that I was asking you for money!(Dostoevsky).

Listen, we right went? Do you remember the place? (Kassil). - Donkey shouts: we’ll probably get along if we sit next to each other(Krylov).

In a number of cases, the criterion for distinguishing between introductory words and sentence members is the possibility of adding the word speaking.

By the way, he never came(“by the way”); You really shouldn't have come("as a matter of fact"); In short, the book is useful("in short"); To be honest, I don’t want to go back to what was said.(“in truth”)

When determining syntactic function and placing punctuation marks, in some cases it is necessary to take into account several conditions.

1) The word probably is introductory in the sense of “probably, apparently”:

The sisters are probably already asleep(Korolenko).

The word probably is a member of a sentence in the meaning “undoubtedly, definitely”:

If I know(How?) Maybe that I have to die, then I’ll tell you everything, everything!(Turgenev).

2) The word is finally introductory:

if it indicates a connection of thoughts, the order of their presentation (in the meaning of “and also”) completes the enumeration:

Opekushin came from the common people, first a self-taught person, then a recognized artist and, finally, an academician(Teleshov).

Often a word is finally preceded by homogeneous members of the word firstly, secondly or on the one hand, on the other hand, in relation to which the word finally ends the enumeration;

if it gives an assessment of a fact from the point of view of the speaker’s face or is used to express impatience, to strengthen, emphasize something:

Yes, finally leave!(Chekhov).

Pay attention!

The word finally is not introductory and serves as a circumstantial meaning “at the end”, “finally”, “after everything”, “as a result of everything”.

Gave three balls every year and squandered it finally (Pushkin).

In this meaning, finally, the particle - can usually be added to the word (with an introductory word such an addition is impossible).

Wed: Finally got to the station (Finally got to the station). - You can finally turn to your father for advice(adding a particle -That impossible).

3) The distinction between the combination finally as an introductory one and as a member of a sentence is a circumstance similar in terms to the word finally.

Wed: After all, in the end, we haven’t decided anything yet! (in the end denotes not time, but the conclusion to which the speaker came as a result of a series of reasoning). - In the end agreement was reached(meaning of the circumstance “as a result of everything”).

4) The word, however, is introductory if it appears in the middle or at the end of a simple sentence:

The heat and fatigue took their toll, however.(Turgenev); How cleverly I did it, however(Chekhov).

At the beginning of a sentence (part complex sentence) or as a means of communication homogeneous members the word however has the meaning of an adversative conjunction (it can be replaced by the conjunction but), therefore a comma is placed only before this word:

However, it is desirable to know - by what witchcraft did the man gain such power over the entire neighborhood?(Nekrasov).

Note. In rare cases, however, the word is separated by a comma at the beginning of the sentence, approaching in meaning an interjection (expresses surprise, bewilderment, indignation), for example: However, what a wind!(Chekhov).

5) The word of course is usually separated by commas as an introductory word:

Fedor was still working in the rear, of course, he heard and read many times about “ folk heroes» (Furmanov).

But sometimes the word of course, pronounced in a tone of confidence, conviction, takes on the meaning of an affirmative particle and is not punctuated:

Of course it's true!; Of course it is.

6) The word is indeed introductory in the sense of “yes, so, right, exactly” (usually it occupies a position at the beginning of a sentence):

Indeed, from the battery there was a view of almost the entire location of the Russian troops(L. Tolstoy).

As an adverb, it really means “really, truly, in fact” (usually it stands between the subject and the predicate):

I really just like you say(Dostoevsky).

7) A word in general is introductory if it is used in the meaning “generally speaking”:

In general, one could agree with this statement, but it is necessary to check some data; In general, I would like to know what really happened.

In other cases, the word is generally used as an adverb in different meanings:

in the meaning of “in general”, “on the whole”:
Pushkin is for Russian art what Lomonosov is for Russian enlightenment at all (Goncharov);
in the meaning “always”, “at all”, “under all conditions”:
He lights fires at all forbade it, it was dangerous(Kazakevich);
in the meaning “in all respects”, “in relation to everything”:
He at all looked like a weirdo(Turgenev).

This provision also applies to the form in general.

Wed: In general, there is nothing to be sad about(introductory word, can be replaced - generally speaking). - These are the terms in general simple process (meaning “in the end”); I made a few comments regarding various little things, but All in all praised him very much(Garshin) (meaning “as a result”).

8) Combination anyway is introductory if it has a restrictive-evaluative meaning:

Anyway, his last name was not Akundin, he came from abroad and performed for a reason (A.N. Tolstoy); This information at least in short term , it will be difficult to check (the entire turnover is highlighted).

In the meaning “under any circumstances” this combination is not introductory:

You anyway you will be informed about the progress of the case; I was firmly convinced that anyway I'll see him at his mom's today(Dostoevsky).

9) The combination, in turn, is not distinguished as occupied if it is used in a meaning close to direct, or in the meaning “in response”, “for its part”:

He in turn asked me(i.e. when it was his turn); The workers thanked their bosses for their help and asked to visit them more often; in turn, representatives of the patronage organization invited workers to a meeting of the theater’s artistic council.

IN figurative meaning the combination, in turn, takes on the meaning of introduction and is punctuated:

Among newspaper genres, there are informational, analytical and artistic-journalistic genres; among the latter, in turn, the essay, feuilleton, and pamphlet stand out.

10) The combination in fact meaning “really” is not introductory. But if this combination serves to express bewilderment, indignation, indignation, etc., then it becomes introductory.

11) In particular, indicating the relationship between the parts of the statement, it is highlighted on both sides with commas:

He is interested, in particular, in the origin of individual words.

But if in particular it is part of a connecting structure (at the beginning or at the end), then it is allocated as occupied along with this structure:

Many will willingly take on this work, and in particular me; Many people will be willing to take on this work, and I in particular.

If in particular included in the design in general and in particular, then this construction is not separated by commas:

Over tea the conversation turned to housekeeping in general and in particular about gardening(Saltykov-Shchedrin).

12) The combination is mainly introductory if it serves to highlight a fact in order to express its assessment.

For example: There was a wide alley... and along it, mainly, the public was walking(Gorky) (it is impossible to form the combination “mainly for a walk”, therefore in in this example combination mainly is not a member of the proposal); The article should be corrected and, mainly, supplemented with fresh material (mainly meaning “the most important thing”). The combination mainly included in the connecting structure (at the beginning or at the end) is separated by commas along with it, for example: With fifty people mostly officers, crowded nearby(Pavlenko).

The combination is mainly not introductory in the meaning of “first of all”, “most of all”:

He achieved success mainly due to his hard work; What I like about him mainly is his sincerity.

13) The word main is introductory in the sense of “especially important”, “especially significant”:

You can take any topic for the story, but the main thing is that it is interesting; Details can be omitted, but the main thing is to make it entertaining(a comma cannot be placed after the conjunction a, and to enhance punctuation, a dash is placed after the introductory combination).

14) A word means is introductory if it can be replaced with introductory words therefore, it became:

People are born, get married, die; that means it’s necessary, that means it’s good(A.N. Ostrovsky); So, does that mean you can't come today?

If the word means is close in meaning to “means,” then the punctuation depends on the place it occupies in the sentence:

in the position between the subject and the predicate, it means that it serves as a means of connecting the main members of the sentence, a dash is placed before it, and no sign is placed after it:

To fight is to win;

in other cases it means that it is not separated or highlighted by any signs:

if the word means is located between a subordinate and main clause or between parts of a non-union complex sentence, then it is highlighted on both sides with commas:

If he defends his views so stubbornly, it means he feels he is right; If you didn’t save the child, then you have yourself to blame.

15) The word is the opposite meaning “in contrast to what is said or expected; on the contrary” is introductory and is separated by commas:

Instead of slowing down, he, on the contrary, stood on the box and desperately twirled his whip over his head.(Kataev).

If, on the contrary (after the conjunction and) is used as a word replacing a member of a sentence or a whole sentence, then the following punctuation is observed:

when a member of a sentence is replaced, no sign is placed before the conjunction:

In the picture, light tones turn into dark and vice versa(i.e. dark to light);

when, on the contrary, it is added to a whole sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction:

The closer the light source, the brighter the light it emits, and vice versa(the whole sentence is replaced: The further away the light source is, the less bright the light it emits; a kind of compound sentence is formed);

when, and vice versa, it is attached to a subordinate clause, a comma is not placed before the conjunction:

This also explains why what was considered criminal in ancient world considered legal in the new one and vice versa(Belinsky) (as if homogeneous subordinate clauses with a non-repeating conjunction are formed And: ...and why what was considered criminal in modern times was considered legal in the ancient world).

16) The combination is at least introductory if it has an evaluative-restrictive meaning, that is, it expresses the speaker’s attitude to the thought being expressed:

One person, driven by compassion, decided to at least help Akakiy Akakievich with good advice(Gogol); Vera Efimovna advised us to try to transfer her to a political position or, at least, to work as a nurse in a hospital(L. Tolstoy).

If the introductory combination is at least at the beginning of a separate phrase, then it is separated by commas along with it:

Nikolai Evgrafych knew that his wife would not return home soon, at least five o'clock! (Chekhov).

The combination is at least not separated by commas if it means “no less than”, “at least”:

From his tanned face one could conclude that he knew what smoke was, if not gunpowder, then at least tobacco(Gogol); At least I will know that I will serve in the Russian army (Bulgakov).

17) The phrase including the combination from the point of view is separated by commas if it means “in opinion”:

Choosing a place to build a cottage, from my point of view, successful.

If such a combination has the meaning “in relation”, then the rotation is not separated by commas:

I know that a crime has been committed, if you look at things from the point of view of general morality; From the point of view of novelty, the book deserves attention.

18) The word approximately is introductory in the sense of “for example” and is not introductory in the sense of “approximately”.

Wed: I'm trying to think about her("For example"), not thinking is impossible(Ostrovsky). - We are approximately("approximately") in these tones and with such conclusions they conducted a conversation(Furmanov).

19) The word is for example associated with the following punctuation:

separated by commas as introductory:
Nikolai Artemyevich liked to persistently argue, for example, about whether it is possible for a person to travel all over the world during his entire life. globe (Turgenev);
stands out together with the revolution, at the beginning or end of which there is:

requires a comma before itself and a colon after itself, if it is after a generalizing word before listing homogeneous members:

Some mushrooms are very poisonous, for example: pale grebe, satanic mushroom, fly agaric.

Pay attention!

Never are not introductory and the words are not separated by commas:

as if, as if, hardly, barely, supposedly, almost, even, exactly, after all, only, certainly, just, after all, necessarily, suddenly.

3. General rules for placing punctuation marks for introductory words, combinations and sentences.

1) Basically, introductory words, phrases and sentences are separated by commas:

I admit, he didn't make a good impression on me(Turgenev); Yes, you probably saw her at that evening(Turgenev).

2) If the introductory word comes after the listing of homogeneous members and precedes the generalizing word, then before introductory words Only a dash is placed (without a comma), and after it - a comma:

Books, brochures, magazines, newspapers - in a word, all types of printed materials lay on his desk in complete disarray.

If the sentence is complex, then a comma is placed before the dash based on general rule separating parts of a complex sentence:

The men drank, argued and laughed - in a word, the dinner was extremely cheerful (Pushkin).

3) When two introductory words meet, a comma is placed between them:

What good, perhaps, and gets married, out of tenderness of the soul...(Dostoevsky); So, in your opinion Should everyone, without exception, engage in physical labor?(Chekhov).

Intensifying particles in introductory words are not separated from them by a comma:

This is probably true, since there are no contraindications.

4) If the introductory word is at the beginning or end of a separate phrase (isolation, clarification, explanation, accession), then it is not separated from the phrase by any sign:

The dark, stocky captain calmly sips his pipe, apparently Italian or Greek (Kataev); Among my comrades there are such poets, lyrics or what?, preachers of love for people(Bitter).

Introductory words are not separated from a separate phrase, even if they are at the very beginning or the very end of the sentence:

Apparently fearing snow drifts, the group leader canceled the climb to the top of the mountain; Leave these new arguments, unconvincing and far-fetched of course.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate phrase, then it is separated by commas on a general basis:

The child, apparently frightened by the horse, ran up to his mother.

Pay attention!

It is necessary to distinguish between cases when the introductory word is at the beginning of a separate phrase, and cases when it is located between two members of a sentence.

Wed: He had information seems to have been published recently (a separate phrase, the introductory word seems to be part of it). - In his hand he held a small, it seems, technical reference book(without the introductory word there would be no punctuation mark, since the definitions small And technical heterogeneous, the introductory word refers to the second of them).

In the presence of homogeneous definitions, when doubt may arise as to which of the homogeneous members, preceding or subsequent, the introductory word located between them refers to, the second definition, together with the introductory word, can form a clarifying construction.

This information was gleaned from new, seems special for thiscase compiled, directory(no introductory word between homogeneous definitions there would be a comma); Silence and grace reigned in this, obviously forgotten by God and people, corner of the earth(clarifying definition for the demonstrative pronoun this).

If the introductory word is at the beginning of a phrase enclosed in brackets, then it is separated by a comma:

Both messages (apparently recently received) have attracted widespread attention.

5) If there is a coordinating conjunction before the introductory word, then the punctuation will be like this. Introductory words are separated from the previous one coordinating conjunction a comma if the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without disturbing its structure (as a rule, with conjunctions and, but). If the removal or rearrangement of the introductory word is impossible, then a comma is not placed after the conjunction (usually with the conjunction a).

Wed: The entire circulation has already been printed, and the book will probably go on sale in a few days (The entire circulation has already been printed, and the book will go on sale in a few days.); This question has already been considered several times, but, apparently, final decision not accepted yet (This issue has already been considered several times, but a final decision has not yet been made.); It is not coal that may be used here, but rather liquid fuel (It is not coal that can be used here, but liquid fuel.). - The calculations were made hastily and therefore inaccurately(impossible: The calculations were made hastily and inaccurately); Maybe everything will end well, or maybe vice versa(impossible: Maybe everything will end well, but vice versa).

Pay attention!

A homogeneous member of a sentence that comes after introductory words and therefore, and therefore, is not isolated, that is, a comma is not placed after it.

For example: As a result, the strength of the electromagnetic field of incoming signals, and therefore the strength of reception, increases many times; This scheme, and therefore the entire project as a whole, needs to be verified.

6) After an connecting conjunction (at the beginning of an independent sentence), a comma is usually not placed, since the conjunction is closely adjacent to the introductory word that follows it:

And imagine, he still staged this performance; And I dare to assure you, the performance turned out wonderful; And what do you think, he achieved his goal; But one way or another, the decision was made.

Less often (with intonation emphasis on introductory words or introductory sentences, when they are included in the text through subordinating conjunction) after the connecting conjunction, a comma is placed before the introductory construction:

But, to my great chagrin, Shvabrin, usually condescending, decisively announced that my song was not good(Pushkin); And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing(Krymov).

7) Introductory words standing before the comparative phrase (with the conjunction as), the target phrase (with the conjunction so), etc., are separated from them based on the general rule:

All this seemed strange to me, as did others; The son thought for a minute, probably to collect his thoughts(usually in these cases the introductory word refers not to the previous, but to the subsequent part of the sentence).

8) Instead of a comma, a dash can be used in introductory words, phrases and sentences.

A dash is used in the following cases:

if the introductory phrase forms an incomplete construction (a word is missing that is restored from the context), then a dash is usually placed instead of one comma:

Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: on the one hand, to give the horses a rest, on the other, to rest and refresh himself.(Gogol) (comma before subordinate clause absorbed by dash);

a dash is placed before the introductory word as an additional sign after the comma if the introductory word stands between two parts of a complex sentence and in meaning can be attributed to either the preceding or the following part:

The dog disappeared - probably someone chased it out of the yard(the dash emphasizes that it is not “the dog probably disappeared”, but that “the dog was probably driven away”).

Sometimes an additional sign emphasizes cause-and-effect or connecting relationships between parts of a sentence:

It was difficult to verify his words - obviously, circumstances had changed a lot.

Sometimes a comma and a dash are placed before the introductory word at the beginning of a separate phrase, and a comma after it to avoid possible ambiguity:

Since there is still time, we will call someone additional to the exam - for example, those taking it again (let's say in the meaning of “suppose”, “say”);

a dash is placed before the introductory word after a comma if the part of the sentence following the introductory word summarizes what was said in the first part:

Chichikov asked with extreme precision who the city's governor was, who the chairman of the chamber was, who the prosecutor was - in a word, he did not miss a single significant person(Gogol);

using a dash, introductory sentences can be highlighted if they are quite common (have secondary members):

Suspect Yakov Lukich of sabotage - now it seemed to him- it wasn't easy(Sholokhov); Let the enemy leave, or - as they say in solemn language military regulations - letting him get away is a major nuisance for the scouts, almost a shame(Kazakevich).

He never changed the order of his studies without special reasons. Everywhere he devoted the morning to reading, taking notes, making plans or other mental work. Getting up early, he immediately got down to business. Having not finished his morning studies, he was afraid to get dressed, lest he leave the study prematurely for a walk. Before dinner, which he put off until the evening, he took a walk in all weathers... He liked to write poetry mainly in the fall...

P. A. Pletnev

He ran around in his sleep and in reality for whole years with some creature, and when it ripened in him, appeared before his spirit already fully created, it poured out in a fiery stream into words and speech: the metal instantly cools in the air, and the creation is ready.

Work was a shrine for him, a font in which ulcers were healed... When he sensed a touch of inspiration 1, when he set to work, he calmed down, grew courageous, and was reborn...

P. A. Vyazemsky

Of all the seasons, he loved autumn most of all, and the worse it was, the better it was for him. He said that only in the fall the demon of poetry takes possession of him, and on this occasion he told how he wrote his last poem at that time: “Poltava.” It was in St. Petersburg. The weather was disgusting. He sat at home and wrote all day. He dreamed of poems even in his sleep, so he jumped out of bed at night and wrote them down in the dark. When hunger struck him, he ran to the nearest tavern, poetry followed him there too, he ate a quick fix, whatever happened, and ran home to write down what he had collected while running and at lunch. In this way, he composed hundreds of poems per day. Sometimes thoughts that did not fit into poetry were written down in prose. But then came the finishing, during which not even a fourth part of the sketches remained... Despite, however, such work, he finished Poltava, I remember, in three weeks...

M. V. Yuzefovich

How did Pushkin himself talk about his work, about inspiration? Let's read the lines of his poetic memoirs:

In sweet silence
I'm sweetly lulled to sleep by my imagination,
And poetry awakens in me:
The soul is embarrassed by lyrical excitement,

It trembles and sounds and searches, as in a dream,
To finally pour out with free manifestation -
And then an invisible swarm of guests comes towards me,
Old acquaintances, fruits of my dreams.

And the thoughts in my head are agitated in courage,
And light rhymes run towards them,
And fingers ask for pen, pen for paper,
A minute - and the poems will flow freely...

Questions and tasks

You have read the lines of Pushkin’s poem that convey the poet’s inspiration and the memories of his contemporaries. What did you pay attention to special attention? Formulate an answer to the question: what is unique? creative work A. S. Pushkin?
Consider a reproduction of the poet’s portrait, photographs of his monument and his office. Prepare a message-reasoning on the topics: “The inspired work of the poet”, “Pushkin’s personality”, “Portraits of the poet”, “Monument to Pushkin”, “How I imagine Pushkin” - to choose from.
As you know, the desire to resurrect last century in all its truth led the poet to the study of materials from previous eras. One of the favorite historical figures was Peter I. The poem “Poltava” describes the victory of Peter I over Swedish troops who invaded Russia in 1709. Find on your own in the poem “Poltava” a fragment dedicated to Battle of Poltava, get ready for it expressive reading and class discussion using questions and assignments.

Be careful with the word

What particularly struck you in the description of the Battle of Poltava? Is this how you imagined this grandiose historical battle?
How do you understand the lines and individual words, phrases? What pictures appear before your mind’s eye: “The east is burning with a new dawn”, “Crimson smoke rises in circles to the heavens”, “Arrows scattered in the bushes”, “Fateful field”, “Like a plowman, the battle is resting”, “And I’m happy for my teachers lifts the cup"? Which literary devices used by the poet to describe the Battle of Poltava and what effect is achieved with their help?

Develop your gift of words

Why was the battle with the Swedes especially important for the Russian troops? Support your answer with evidence from history. What examples of text confirm that we're talking about about a historical battle?
Compare the descriptions of Peter I and Charles XII (their appearance, mood, actions, etc.). Is it possible to determine the author’s attitude towards the characters from this description? Tell us about one of the heroes.
Prepare a passage for expressive reading by heart, emphasizing during reading the tension of the battle, its swiftness, the joy of victory, admiration for the courage of Peter and his companions, Peter’s generous attitude towards the vanquished.

Literature and painting

"Battle of Poltava". From a mosaic painting by M. Lomonosov

Consider a reproduction of M. V. Lomonosov’s painting “The Battle of Poltava”. It is known that when creating a mosaic picture, its author conducted three thousand experiments with his students and melted many pieces of glass. What impressions did you get from this picture? What details of the picture echo the passage “The Battle of Poltava” from the poem “Poltava”?
Which artists’ illustrations are closest, in your opinion, to Pushkin’s text?
In the poem " Bronze Horseman"The city of Petrov is sung. Get to know this text.

1 Inspiration - a creative impulse, an upsurge, a surge of creative strength.

Option No. 5126382

When completing tasks with a short answer, enter in the answer field the number that corresponds to the number of the correct answer, or a number, a word, a sequence of letters (words) or numbers. The answer should be written without spaces or any additional characters. The answers to tasks 1-26 are a figure (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers).

If the option is specified by the teacher, you can enter or upload answers to tasks with a detailed answer into the system. The teacher will see the results of completing tasks with a short answer and will be able to evaluate the downloaded answers to tasks with a long answer. The scores assigned by the teacher will appear in your statistics. The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Version for printing and copying in MS Word

Indicate the numbers of sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Camels can go for a long time without food and without water, and scientists have put forward various guesses about the reasons for this amazing ability, only one of which has been proven.

2) The resistance of camels to thirst is due to the fact that due to water they are able to lose up to a quarter of their body weight, and the moisture in their blood is retained significantly more than other animals.

3) Regarding the resistance of camels to thirst, scientists have put forward two assumptions: the animal’s stomach holds water and the fat accumulated in the humps allows the camel to endure thirst.

4) A camel drinks a lot and quickly: in 10 minutes it absorbs 10 buckets of water at once, and its ability to go without water for a long time is explained primarily by its ability to absorb moisture in much larger quantities, unlike other animals.

5) Camels are capable of losing up to a quarter of their body weight due to water, but at the same time moisture in their blood is retained in much greater quantities than in other animals, and this is what determines camels’ resistance to thirst.

<...>

Answer:

Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the third sentence of the text? Write this word down.

Vice versa,

Despite this,

As a result

It turned out

(1) Camels can go for long periods without food, and, most importantly, they can go several days without drinking, and scientists have long speculated about the reasons for their amazing ability to tolerate thirst. (2) The assumption that the animal’s stomach retains water turned out to be unproven - and the camel drinks a lot and quickly: in 10 minutes it absorbs 10 buckets of water at once, and the assumption that the fat accumulated in the humps allows the camel to endure thirst, because, “burning”, it provides water and thus protects the body from dehydration. (3)<...>that the camel’s phenomenal resistance to thirst depends on its ability to lose up to a quarter of its body weight due to water, while moisture is retained in the blood in much greater quantities than in other animals.

Answer:

Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word BODY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

BODY, -a, pl. bodies, bodies, bodies, cf.

1. A separate object in space, as well as a part of space filled with matter, some kind. substance or limited by a closed surface. Solid, liquid and gaseous bodies. Geometric t.

2. The human or animal body in its external, physical forms. Body parts. Login to(to gain weight; simple). Fall off the body(lose weight; simple). In the body(full, obese; simple). Naked t.(without clothes). Dead t.(dead body).

3. Part of this organism, excluding the head and limbs, torso. Body massage.

4. Main part, body of something. (specialist.). T. guns(trunk). T. mines. T. piston. T. dams(its main part). Vegetative t. fungus(mycelium). Rudnoe t.(accumulation of ore). T. tree(trunk).

Answer:

In which word is there an error in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound is highlighted incorrectly? Write this word down.

They're getting through

AIRPORTS

Answer:

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word incorrectly. Correct lexical error, choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The winning team demonstrated ORGANIC compound dance and music.

IRRITABILITY is a tendency to react disproportionately to everyday stimuli, expressing dissatisfaction and hostility towards others in words and actions.

Potential investors continue to WAIT for the right time to invest cash, assessing the most promising areas of investment.

The course in cultural studies, which is studied at the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, was introduced in order to fill the gaps in knowledge of the requirements of military and civilian etiquette.

Answer:

In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

pair of BOOTS

PLACE THE BOOKS

PLACE on the table

FIVE HUNDREDTH order

WEAR GLOVES

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first list, select the corresponding position from the second list.

GRAMMAR ERRORS

OFFERS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

B) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

D) error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

D) incorrect construction of sentences with participial phrase

1) Blok’s poem “Demon” uses a traditional romantic image, only in a specific symbolist treatment.

2) Look for a heart that beats according to your heart: such a heart will never change.

3) Upon returning from emigration, the poet redoubled force got to work.

4) A flock of cranes that rose into the sky made several circles over the lake and landed on the shore again.

5) Mom and daughter sat at a large table and sculpted animal figures from plasticine.

6) In “The Twelve” by A. Blok special place occupies the motive of the fight against the “old world”.

7) Turning on fun music makes cleaning the house a pleasant experience.

8) New group, consisting of talented musicians and performers, quickly won the love of the public.

9) Often the theme of Pushkin’s early poems was not so much life situations as dictated by the genre.

A	B	IN	G	D

Answer:

Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

ecology

g..mnazist

beginner

this...cat

Answer:

Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

ra..encrypt, dissolve;

from..move, pos..yesterday;

from..play, by..play;

pr..open, incessantly..constantly;

integral, cop..e.

Answer:

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank.

picky

key..howl (moment)

attach

arid

extra pay...

Answer:

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

fighting

seen..seen

spinning... spinning

chant..my

connected

Answer:

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Tolstoy’s (un)contrived dissatisfaction with himself is part of his living soul.

The room is cold, damp and (un)comfortable.

He sat (not) moving for some time.

A warm wind is already blowing across the steppe, which has (not) had time to cool down overnight.

Answer:

Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

(C) FOR many days, a strong volcanic eruption continued, clouds of fire above which swirled (Like a whirlwind), increasing in size.

(NOT) DESPITE our love for city landscapes, we STILL (STILL) did not remain indifferent to the beauty of nature in Valdai.

(And) SO, all my brilliant hopes collapsed, and (IN) PLACE of a cheerful Moscow life, boredom awaited me in a deaf and distant side.

It’s hard to even imagine WHAT WOULD happen to me IF the ship was late.

Answer:

Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

In the preparation of young chess players, what is important is not the time spent (1) directly playing (2) chess, but conscious training, based (3) on overcoming, requiring effort.

Answer:

Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) Let him serve in the army, pull the strap, smell gunpowder, and be a soldier.

2) Now the trees no longer obscured the space and allowed us to see the sky and the distance.

3) Both the elders and we ourselves were terribly frightened and became confused.

4) And at that very moment the royal adjutant drove up to the scaffold and stopped the execution.

5) They were blazing forest fires and there was a smell of burning in the air.

Answer:

A heavy canopy of snow bent flexible birches and poplars (1) forming (2) bizarre arches (3) that resembled (4) unprecedented winter mushrooms.

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

Write the numbers in the answer in ascending order

In Russia we have the most (1) seemingly (2) unremarkable and modest person may turn out to be a very extraordinary and significant person. According to K. Paustovsky (4), the writer Leskov understood this especially deeply (3).

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

The letter (1) under the influence of (2) which (3) I was going to visit Marusya again (4) was long and disorderly.

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.

It’s never boring in the forest (1) and (2) if you get sad (3) take a closer look at the most common birch(4) which you will meet on your way.

Answer:

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) The hero of the story did not immediately recognize the place he remembered.

2) On the site of the old church there was a completely different building.

3) Agnia revealed to the hero one of the beautiful places in Moscow.

4) The view from the hill was still distant and impressive.

5) The hero was shocked by how several square meters of land had changed beyond recognition, becoming a real cultural monument.

- (27) Wait.

-(29) So look!

(According to A. Solzhenitsyn*)

*Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Text source: unknown

Answer:

Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Sentences 4-5 provide a description.

2) Sentence 28 lists the character’s sequential actions.

3) Sentences 19-20 present the narrative.

4) Sentence 48 presents a narrative.

5) Sentence 32-34 presents the reasoning.

(1) Yakonov climbed the path through the wasteland, not noticing where, not noticing the ascent. (2) And my legs were tired, dislocating from unevenness. (3) And then, from the high place where he had wandered, he looked around with reasonable eyes, trying to understand where he was. (4) the ground underfoot in fragments of brick, in rubble, in broken glass, and some kind of rickety plank shed or booth next door, and the fence that remained below around large area for unstarted construction. (5) And in this hill, which had undergone strange desolation not far from the center of the capital, white steps, about seven in number, went up, then stopped and began, it seems, again. (6) Some kind of dull memory swayed in Yakonov at the sight of these white steps, and where the steps led was difficult to discern in the darkness: a building of a strange shape, at the same time seemingly destroyed and surviving. (7) The stairs went up to wide iron doors, tightly closed and knee-deep in packed rubble. (8) Yes! (9) Yes! (10) The striking memory spurred Yakonov. (11) He looked around. (12) Marked by rows of lanterns, the river wound far below, going in a strangely familiar bend under the bridge and further to the Kremlin. (13) But the bell tower? (14) She is not there. (15) Or are these piles of stone from the bell tower? (16) Yakonov felt hot in his eyes. (17) He closed his eyes and sat down quietly. (18) On the stone fragments that covered the porch. (19) Twenty-two years ago, in this very place, he stood with a girl whose name was Agnia. (20) That very autumn, in the evening, they walked along the alleys near Taganskaya Square, and Agnia said in her quiet voice, which was difficult to hear in the rumbling of the city:

-(21) Do you want me to show you one of the most beautiful places in Moscow?

(22) And she led him to the fence of a small brick church, painted in white and red paint and facing the altar in a crooked, nameless alley. (23) It was crowded inside the fence; there was only a narrow path around the church for procession. (24) And then there grew up, in the corner of the fence, an old big oak, it was taller than the church, its branches, already yellow, shaded both the dome and the alley, making the church seem very tiny.

“(25) This is the church,” said Agnia.

- (26) But not the most beautiful place in Moscow.

- (27) Wait.

(28) She led him to the porch of the main entrance, walked out of the shadows into the stream of sunset and sat down on the low parapet, where the fence broke and the gap for the gate began.

-(29) So look!

(30) Anton gasped. (31) They fell out of the gorge of the city and came out to a steep height with a spacious open distance. (32) The river burned in the sun. (33) To the left lay Zamoskvorechye, blinding with the yellow shine of glass, the Yauza flowed into the Moscow River almost underfoot, to the right behind it rose the carved contours of the Kremlin, and even further away the five red-gold domes of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior blazed in the sun. (34) And in all this golden radiance, Agnia, in a thrown yellow shawl, who also seemed golden, sat, squinting in the sun.

- (35) Yes! (Zb) This is Moscow! - Anton said excitedly.

- (37) But she is leaving, Anton, - Agnia sang. - Moscow is leaving!..

- (38) Where does she go there? (39) Fantasy.

“(40) This church will be demolished, Anton,” Agnia repeated.

-(41) How do you know? - Anton got angry. - (42) This is an artistic monument, they’ll leave it like that.

(43) He looked at the tiny bell tower, through the slots of which oak branches peered into the bells.

-(44) They will demolish it! - Agnia prophesied confidently, sitting still as motionless, in the yellow light and in a yellow shawl.

(45) Yakonov woke up. (46) Yes, ... they destroyed the tented bell tower and turned around the stairs going down to the river. (47) I couldn’t even believe that that sunny evening and that December dawn took place on the same square meters Moscow land. (48) But the view from the hill was still far away, and there were the same windings of the river, repeated by the last lanterns...

(According to A. Solzhenitsyn*)

*Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008) - an outstanding Russian writer, publicist, historian, poet and public figure.

Text source: unknown

(32) The river burned in the sun. (33) To the left lay Zamoskvorechye, blinding with the yellow shine of glass, the Yauza flowed into the Moscow River almost underfoot, to the right behind it rose the carved contours of the Kremlin, and even further away the five red-gold domes of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior blazed in the sun. (34) And in all this golden radiance, Agnia, in a thrown yellow shawl, who also seemed golden, sat, squinting in the sun.

Answer:

Write out the phraseological unit from sentences 40-42.

(1) Yakonov climbed the path through the wasteland, not noticing where, not noticing the ascent. (2) And my legs were tired, dislocating from unevenness. (3) And then, from the high place where he had wandered, he looked around with reasonable eyes, trying to understand where he was. (4) The ground underfoot is in fragments of brick, in rubble, in broken glass, and some kind of rickety plank shed or booth next door, and a fence remaining below around a large area for unstarted construction. (5) And in this hill, which had undergone strange desolation not far from the center of the capital, white steps, about seven in number, went up, then stopped and began, it seems, again. (6) Some kind of dull memory swayed in Yakonov at the sight of these white steps, and where the steps led was difficult to discern in the darkness: a building of a strange shape, at the same time seemingly destroyed and surviving. (7) The stairs went up to wide iron doors, tightly closed and knee-deep in packed rubble. (8) Yes! (9) Yes! (10) The striking memory spurred Yakonov. (11) He looked around. (12) Marked by rows of lanterns, the river wound far below, going in a strangely familiar bend under the bridge and further to the Kremlin. (13) But the bell tower? (14) She is not there. (15) Or are these piles of stone from the bell tower? (16) Yakonov felt hot in his eyes. (17) He closed his eyes and sat down quietly. (18) On the stone fragments that covered the porch. (19) Twenty-two years ago, in this very place, he stood with a girl whose name was Agnia. (20) That very autumn, in the evening, they walked along the alleys near Taganskaya Square, and Agnia said in her quiet voice, which was difficult to hear in the rumbling of the city:

-(21) Do you want me to show you one of the most beautiful places in Moscow?

(22) And she led him to the fence of a small brick church, painted in white and red paint and facing the altar in a crooked, nameless alley. (23) It was crowded inside the fence; there was only a narrow path for the procession around the church. (24) And right there, in the corner of the fence, a large old oak tree grew, it was taller than the church, its branches, already yellow, shaded both the dome and the alley, making the church seem completely tiny.

“(25) This is the church,” said Agnia.

- (26) But not the most beautiful place in Moscow.

- (27) Wait.

(28) She led him to the porch of the main entrance, walked out of the shadows into the stream of sunset and sat down on the low parapet, where the fence broke and the gap for the gate began.

-(29) So look!

- (35) Yes! (Zb) This is Moscow! - Anton said excitedly.

- (37) But she is leaving, Anton, - Agnia sang. - Moscow is leaving!..

- (38) Where does she go there? (39) Fantasy.

“(40) This church will be demolished, Anton,” Agnia repeated.

-(41) How do you know? - Anton got angry. - (42) This is an artistic monument, they’ll leave it like that.

(43) He looked at the tiny bell tower, through the slots of which oak branches peered into the bells.

-(44) They will demolish it! - Agnia prophesied confidently, sitting still as motionless, in the yellow light and in a yellow shawl.

(45) Yakonov woke up. (46) Yes, ... they destroyed the tented bell tower and turned around the stairs going down to the river. (47) I couldn’t even believe that that sunny evening and that December dawn took place on the same square meters of Moscow land. (48) But the view from the hill was still far away, and there were the same windings of the river, repeated by the last lanterns...

(According to A. Solzhenitsyn*)

*Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008) - an outstanding Russian writer, publicist, historian, poet and public figure.

Text source: unknown

(40) How do you know? - Anton got angry. - (41) This is an artistic monument, they’ll leave it like that.

(42) He looked at the tiny bell tower, through the slots of which oak branches peered into the bells.

Answer:

Among sentences 5-11, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using word forms and demonstrative pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

(1) Yakonov climbed the path through the wasteland, not noticing where, not noticing the ascent. (2) And my legs were tired, dislocating from unevenness. (3) And then, from the high place where he had wandered, he looked around with reasonable eyes, trying to understand where he was. (4) The ground underfoot is in fragments of brick, in rubble, in broken glass, and some kind of rickety plank shed or booth next door, and a fence remaining below around a large area for unstarted construction. (5) And in this hill, which had undergone strange desolation not far from the center of the capital, white steps, about seven in number, went up, then stopped and began, it seems, again. (6) Some kind of dull memory swayed in Yakonov at the sight of these white steps, and where the steps led was difficult to discern in the darkness: a building of a strange shape, at the same time seemingly destroyed and surviving. (7) The stairs went up to wide iron doors, tightly closed and knee-deep in packed rubble. (8) Yes! (9) Yes! (10) The striking memory spurred Yakonov. (11) He looked around. (12) Marked by rows of lanterns, the river wound far below, going in a strangely familiar bend under the bridge and further to the Kremlin. (13) But the bell tower? (14) She is not there. (15) Or are these piles of stone from the bell tower? (16) Yakonov felt hot in his eyes. (17) He closed his eyes and sat down quietly. (18) On the stone fragments that covered the porch. (19) Twenty-two years ago, in this very place, he stood with a girl whose name was Agnia. (20) That very autumn, in the evening, they walked along the alleys near Taganskaya Square, and Agnia said in her quiet voice, which was difficult to hear in the rumbling of the city:

-(21) Do you want me to show you one of the most beautiful places in Moscow?

(22) And she led him to the fence of a small brick church, painted in white and red paint and facing the altar in a crooked, nameless alley. (23) It was crowded inside the fence; there was only a narrow path for the procession around the church. (24) And right there, in the corner of the fence, a large old oak tree grew, it was taller than the church, its branches, already yellow, shaded both the dome and the alley, making the church seem completely tiny.

“(25) This is the church,” said Agnia.

- (26) But not the most beautiful place in Moscow.

- (27) Wait.

(28) She led him to the porch of the main entrance, walked out of the shadows into the stream of sunset and sat down on the low parapet, where the fence broke and the gap for the gate began.

-(29) So look!

- (35) Yes! (Zb) This is Moscow! - Anton said excitedly.

- (37) But she is leaving, Anton, - Agnia sang. - Moscow is leaving!..

- (38) Where does she go there? (39) Fantasy.

“(40) This church will be demolished, Anton,” Agnia repeated.

-(41) How do you know? - Anton got angry. - (42) This is an artistic monument, they’ll leave it like that.

(43) He looked at the tiny bell tower, through the slots of which oak branches peered into the bells.

-(44) They will demolish it! - Agnia prophesied confidently, sitting still as motionless, in the yellow light and in a yellow shawl.

(45) Yakonov woke up. (46) Yes, ... they destroyed the tented bell tower and turned around the stairs going down to the river. (47) I couldn’t even believe that that sunny evening and that December dawn took place on the same square meters of Moscow land. (48) But the view from the hill was still far away, and there were the same windings of the river, repeated by the last lanterns...

(According to A. Solzhenitsyn*)

*Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008) - an outstanding Russian writer, publicist, historian, poet and public figure.

Text source: unknown

(5) And in this hill, which had undergone strange desolation not far from the center of the capital, white steps, about seven in number, went up, then stopped and began, it seems, again.4) metaphors

5) hyperbole

6) epithets

7) parcellation

8) rhetorical question

9) exclamatory sentences

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	G

(1) Yakonov climbed the path through the wasteland, not noticing where, not noticing the ascent. (2) And my legs were tired, dislocating from unevenness. (3) And then, from the high place where he had wandered, he looked around with reasonable eyes, trying to understand where he was. (4) The ground underfoot is in fragments of brick, in rubble, in broken glass, and some kind of rickety plank shed or booth next door, and a fence remaining below around a large area for unstarted construction. (5) And in this hill, which had undergone strange desolation not far from the center of the capital, white steps, about seven in number, went up, then stopped and began, it seems, again. (6) Some kind of dull memory swayed in Yakonov at the sight of these white steps, and where the steps led was difficult to discern in the darkness: a building of a strange shape, at the same time seemingly destroyed and surviving. (7) The stairs went up to wide iron doors, tightly closed and knee-deep in packed rubble. (8) Yes! (9) Yes! (10) The striking memory spurred Yakonov. (11) He looked around. (12) Marked by rows of lanterns, the river wound far below, going in a strangely familiar bend under the bridge and further to the Kremlin. (13) But the bell tower? (14) She is not there. (15) Or are these piles of stone from the bell tower? (16) Yakonov felt hot in his eyes. (17) He closed his eyes and sat down quietly. (18) On the stone fragments that covered the porch. (19) Twenty-two years ago, in this very place, he stood with a girl whose name was Agnia. (20) That very autumn, in the evening, they walked along the alleys near Taganskaya Square, and Agnia said in her quiet voice, which was difficult to hear in the rumbling of the city:

-(21) Do you want me to show you one of the most beautiful places in Moscow?

(22) And she led him to the fence of a small brick church, painted in white and red paint and facing the altar in a crooked, nameless alley. (23) It was crowded inside the fence; there was only a narrow path for the procession around the church. (24) And right there, in the corner of the fence, a large old oak tree grew, it was taller than the church, its branches, already yellow, shaded both the dome and the alley, making the church seem completely tiny.

“(25) This is the church,” said Agnia.

- (26) But not the most beautiful place in Moscow.

- (27) Wait.

(28) She led him to the porch of the main entrance, walked out of the shadows into the stream of sunset and sat down on the low parapet, where the fence broke and the gap for the gate began.

-(29) So look!

- (35) Yes! (Zb) This is Moscow! - Anton said excitedly.

- (37) But she is leaving, Anton, - Agnia sang. - Moscow is leaving!..

- (38) Where does she go there? (39) Fantasy.

“(40) This church will be demolished, Anton,” Agnia repeated.

-(41) How do you know? - Anton got angry. - (42) This is an artistic monument, they’ll leave it like that.

(43) He looked at the tiny bell tower, through the slots of which oak branches peered into the bells.

-(44) They will demolish it! - Agnia prophesied confidently, sitting still as motionless, in the yellow light and in a yellow shawl.

(45) Yakonov woke up. (46) Yes, ... they destroyed the tented bell tower and turned around the stairs going down to the river. (47) I couldn’t even believe that that sunny evening and that December dawn took place on the same square meters of Moscow land. (48) But the view from the hill was still far away, and there were the same windings of the river, repeated by the last lanterns...

(According to A. Solzhenitsyn*)

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.

Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

(1) Yakonov climbed the path through the wasteland, not noticing where, not noticing the ascent. (2) And my legs were tired, dislocating from unevenness. (3) And then, from the high place where he had wandered, he looked around with reasonable eyes, trying to understand where he was. (4) The ground underfoot is in fragments of brick, in rubble, in broken glass, and some kind of rickety plank shed or booth next door, and a fence remaining below around a large area for unstarted construction. (5) And in this hill, which had undergone strange desolation not far from the center of the capital, white steps, about seven in number, went up, then stopped and began, it seems, again. (6) Some kind of dull memory swayed in Yakonov at the sight of these white steps, and where the steps led was difficult to discern in the darkness: a building of a strange shape, at the same time seemingly destroyed and surviving. (7) The stairs went up to wide iron doors, tightly closed and knee-deep in packed rubble. (8) Yes! (9) Yes! (10) The striking memory spurred Yakonov. (11) He looked around. (12) Marked by rows of lanterns, the river wound far below, going in a strangely familiar bend under the bridge and further to the Kremlin. (13) But the bell tower? (14) She is not there. (15) Or are these piles of stone from the bell tower? (16) Yakonov felt hot in his eyes. (17) He closed his eyes and sat down quietly. (18) On the stone fragments that covered the porch. (19) Twenty-two years ago, in this very place, he stood with a girl whose name was Agnia. (20) That very autumn, in the evening, they walked along the alleys near Taganskaya Square, and Agnia said in her quiet voice, which was difficult to hear in the rumbling of the city:

-(21) Do you want me to show you one of the most beautiful places in Moscow?

(22) And she led him to the fence of a small brick church, painted in white and red paint and facing the altar in a crooked, nameless alley. (23) It was crowded inside the fence; there was only a narrow path for the procession around the church. (24) And right there, in the corner of the fence, a large old oak tree grew, it was taller than the church, its branches, already yellow, shaded both the dome and the alley, making the church seem completely tiny.

“(25) This is the church,” said Agnia.

- (26) But not the most beautiful place in Moscow.

- (27) Wait.

(28) She led him to the porch of the main entrance, walked out of the shadows into the stream of sunset and sat down on the low parapet, where the fence broke and the gap for the gate began.

-(29) So look!

- (35) Yes! (Zb) This is Moscow! - Anton said excitedly.

- (37) But she is leaving, Anton, - Agnia sang. - Moscow is leaving!..

- (38) Where does she go there? (39) Fantasy.

“(40) This church will be demolished, Anton,” Agnia repeated.

-(41) How do you know? - Anton got angry. - (42) This is an artistic monument, they’ll leave it like that.

(43) He looked at the tiny bell tower, through the slots of which oak branches peered into the bells.

-(44) They will demolish it! - Agnia prophesied confidently, sitting still as motionless, in the yellow light and in a yellow shawl.

(45) Yakonov woke up. (46) Yes, ... they destroyed the tented bell tower and turned around the stairs going down to the river. (47) I couldn’t even believe that that sunny evening and that December dawn took place on the same square meters of Moscow land. (48) But the view from the hill was still far away, and there were the same windings of the river, repeated by the last lanterns...

(According to A. Solzhenitsyn*)

How interesting it is to know what the Germans thought about the Russian character!!! Song!

From the book of the “Fiery Arc” series: Battle of Kursk through the eyes of Lubyanka. — M: JSC “Moscow Textbooks and Cartolithography”

Memo-instructions offered by the command of the German army to officers fighting on the Eastern Front 1943

What is especially important to be able to do in Russia?
From the noteworthy experience of one officer after fighting on the Eastern Front

1. Be a hunter. The German soldier in Russia does not meet an equal cultural opponent. The Bolshevik's great advantage over us is his highly developed animal instincts and his insensitivity to bad weather and unfavorable terrain. Anyone who wants to defeat him should feel at home in the forest and swamp. You must learn to navigate at night and in fog just as well as in broad daylight. You must be able to track and crawl like a hunter, you must learn to find shelter in the forest. Therefore, anyone who wants to raise a fighter against Bolshevism in a soldier must go with him to any swampy forest and train him there day and night, summer and winter.

2. Be able to improvise. The Bolshevik is a master of personal initiative, he drops artillery grenades from sailing planes, he immediately uses captured captured weapons, supplies military units hastily assembled from collective farmers with carts and forces them to find weapons for themselves in the forest. He crosses rivers on rafts due to the lack of other means of crossing. He throws reserves into battle with hastily collected trucks. We learned something from them. In the summer we motorized our carts, in the fall we advanced them with the help of columns of porters, in the winter - on runners, in the spring - with carts. We used plywood sheets to build mobile winter shelters. We made the draft horses at the carts into pack animals. When the roads were in enemy hands, we built log ramps across the swamps.

3. Be tirelessly active.
The Russian himself is not at all distinguished by his zeal, but the system of commissars does not leave him alone and squeezes all the juice out of him. Not a single day passes when the Russian does not try to advance, no matter how weak he is. Every day he works to correct his positions, builds paths and fortifications where at the moment no military action is expected. At one time we came across strong fortifications in the east of Leningrad, facing east. Consequently, the Soviets, from the very beginning of the war, considered the possibility of encircling this city and prepared for it,
A German soldier becomes careless during a long fight. How much blood could be saved if you worked every day to improve your position. At the same time, thanks to daily work, you can make your room drier, more comfortable, and cozy. How much material can you save if you constantly take care of your car?
A soldier in Russia must understand that setting up positions is not a sign of cowardice before shelling, but his direct responsibility.

4. The Bolshevik fights where possible, using cunning and deceit. Death awaits us in a thousand ways, starting with Russian civilian population, which should never be trusted, no matter how harmless it may seem.
The prisoners, especially the younger generation, are selflessly devoted to the Bolsheviks. They are capable of any baseness. In battle, mines and camouflage clothing play a big role. Only those who are accustomed to unremitting attention can avoid these dangers.

5. Be able to stay awake. The Russian almost always attacks at night, in the fog, and almost always manages to take him by surprise. On the front line there is nothing else to do but stay awake at night and sleep during the day. If there is insufficient observation of the area, even rear units can pay with their lives for their negligence. In Russia there are no concepts: “front line” and “rear line” in the broad sense of the word. Anyone who lets go of a weapon to the east of the old state border may regret it in the near future.

Central Election Commission of the FSB of Russia, f. 4, on. 1. d. 498, l. 63-64. Copy. Translation with him. language

Where can I read (or rather, download) the entire book? On

help with answers to questions on history 8th grade. 1) What were the reasons for the Russian-Turkish war? 2) What do you see as the features of this war? 3) using

map, tell us about the main battles of this war. 4) how did the major European powers react to the successes of the Russian troops? 5) what were the results Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878?

Please help me answer questions about the Battle of Borodino! 1) How many kilometers were it from Mozhaisk to the village of Borodino? 2) how

What was the name of the earthen closed pentagonal artillery fortification designed for 12 guns?

3) What did the military council in Fili decide?

4) Where was Kutuzov’s headquarters and the commander-in-chief himself located?

5) Which line of Russian troops was equipped with fortification buildings? (fortification is the construction of defensive structures and fortifications)

6) Can you describe the entrenching tool of the Russian army?

7) where were the reserves of the Russian army located during the Battle of Borodino?

8) what strategically important roads were blocked by Russian troops?

1) What were the reasons for the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878; 2) What do you see as the features of this war? ; 3) How did the major European powers react?

on the successes of the Russian troops? ; 4) What were the results of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877*1878?

Generals and naval commanders of the times of Catherine the Second 1. His talent was recognized in all European capitals. He was a brilliant strategist, formulated in

in his book “The Science of Winning” the essence he used military tactics in the well-known triad: eye, speed, pressure. 2. Catherine II appointed him commander of the Black Sea Fleet. He pioneered the use of line boom tactics at sea. Z. He took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787 - 1791. and commanded one of the advancing columns during the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail 4. He commanded a squadron of the Baltic Fleet. During the Russian-Turkish War, after the victory in Chesmenka Bay, Catherine II awarded him the title - Count of Chesmensky. 5. FIELD MARSHAL GENERAL, THE HIGHEST PRINCE commanded the troops during the capture of the Ochakov fortress. By decree of the Empress he was given the title of Prince of Tauride. b. In July 1770, the Turkish army was defeated by Russian troops under the command of this commander near the Larga River. 7. Commanded a squadron of the Baltic Fleet. His squadron circled Europe and on July 5, 1770, completely destroyed the Turkish squadron in Chesmep Bay. 8.Who commanded the Black Sea Fleet during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1891? 9. Who is Tadeusz Kosciuszko? 10. In the summer of 1770, battles took place near the Larga and Cahul rivers, in which Russian troops defeated the Turkish. One hundred of the Russian commanders stated then that “our glory and dignity cannot tolerate the presence of an enemy standing in sight of us without attacking him.”