When to put this and when to put that. Demonstrative pronouns This, that, these, those

Demonstrative pronouns indicate a person or thing, or their characteristics. The demonstrative pronouns this and that have plural forms.

Singular	Plural
this [ DIs] this that [ Dxt] That	these [ DJz] these those [ Douz] those

Demonstrative pronouns also include number-invariant pronouns such and same.

such [ sAC] such, such, similar (the ) same [ seIm] the same, the same

In addition, it can be used as a demonstrative pronoun pronounit This .

Pronouns this (these) are used when indicating objects (persons) located close speaker, and pronouns that (those) used to indicate objects (persons) more distant from him. In the Russian language there is no strict rule on this matter and the Russian pronoun this (this, these) can also refer to more distant objects or points in time.

In a sentence they can be:

1 perform as an adjective , being a determiner of the noun, which excludes the use of the article, and if the noun has other definitions, pronouns are placed in front of them:

this big black box	this big black box
Do you like these pictures?	Do you like these paintings?
This pencil is mine. These pencils are mine, too.	This pencil my. These pencils mine too.

In Russian the word " That" is less common, so the pronoun that can be translated as That, and how this:

Look at that picture.	Take a look at that picture.
Do you see that house over the river?	You see That house across the river?
Who are those people?	Who those People?

IN time expressions this (these) is used to indicate current time period (present, recent past) or future, A that (those) refers to past:

They came this morning(evening, afternoon).	They have arrived Today in the morning(evening, afternoon).
We will go there this weekend(year).	We'll go there in these weekend(this year).
He told me he had spoken with him that evening.	He told me that he spoke to him in That evening.

Pronoun this with the word countrycountry used in relation to the country in which the speaker is located at the time of speech. In other cases it is used that country, which can be translated into Russian as that country or this country.

2 Replace nouns , performing the functions of subject or complement in a sentence.

What's this ? - This is my pencil.What This? - This my pencil.

Who is this ? - This is Mary. Andthis is John. Who This? - This- Mary, huh? This- John.

Use this (these) is associated with an indication of a person, object, event, action, close by place or time, and that (those) decree on a face, object, etc., remote in place and time, or related to the result of an action.

IN subject roles:

This is a pen, and that is a pencil.	This pen, andThat - pencil.
Is this what are you looking for?	This what are you looking for?
Are these your books?	This your books?
Do you see that red roof over there? That 's my house.	Do you see that red roof over there? This my home.

Combinations this is And that's can translate into Russian and in words Here :

This is where we live.	Here where we live.
That 's what I think.	Here what I think.

Pronoun choice: this, that or it often depends only on the will of the author of the statement, and they should be translated into Russian in accordance with the meaning:

IN complement roles:

If you need a dictionary, take this .	If you need a dictionary, take it this .
Why are you doing this ?	Why are you This are you doing?
Do you remember that (much less often this )?	Do you remember This?
He told me about that .	He told me about this.

If we are talking about abstract concepts, then the pronoun is used more often that, For example:

in emotionally charged statements:

That ’ s just what I wanted to say.	This exactly what I wanted to say.
Here, this is for you! - Oh, that 's nice!	Here you go, this is for you! - Oh, how lovely!
That was wonderful!	This it was great!
Oh! That was a sad mistake.	Oh! This there was an unfortunate mistake.

in harsh and decisive statements:

That’ s not an answer!	This not the answer!
That 's too bad!	It's a pity! ( This very bad!)
That 's stupid.	This stupid.
Don't do that !	Don't do it this !
What does that mean?	What This Means?

in stable phrases:

That 's right.	This is right.
That 's all right. Don't worry.	(it) It's all right. Don't worry.
that 's why	that's why; That's why
and all that	and the like

This (these) And that (those) are used in comparison and choice sentences. To avoid repetition of a previously mentioned noun, they sometimes use one, sometimes it is omitted:

This book is much more interesting thanthat (one).	This book much more interesting than that .
I don't like this tie; give me that one.	I don't like this tie, give me That.
Take this bag and I'll take that .	Take itthis bag and I'll take it that .

In plural person, after these And those pronoun ones usually not used:

Note: But if the demonstrative pronoun is followed by an adjective, then use after it one or ones Necessarily:

Pronoun it has already been discussed in the section “Personal Pronouns”. It can perform indicative role in a sentence (instead of pronouns this And that), corresponding to the Russian pronoun This . Usually, in cases where we are talking about real physical bodies and concrete concepts, only this/that.

What is this (or that)? WhatThis ?

It 's ( or It is) a dictionary. = This is a dictionary. This dictionary.

It (this) is my book.	This my book.
Leave it to me.	Provide This to me.
Don't forget about it .	Don't forget about this.

such [ sAC] - such, such, similar

Used predominantly in a sentence in the definition function (as a pronoun-adjective) with the meaning: such, such, similar. Before countable noun the only one numbers are used with the indefinite article a(an), which is put after the pronoun:

It is such an interesting book.	This like this interesting book.
He is such a bore.	He such nerd.
It was such a pleasant party.	It was like this nice party.

Countable nouns in plural number of uses after the pronoun such without article. Uncountable creatures often without an article.

They aren't such fools,as they seem.	They don't such fools as they seem.
Don't use such words!	Don't use such words!
Don't ask me such difficult questions.	Don't ask me such difficult questions.
I don't like such terrible weather.	I don't like such terrible weather.

(the ) same [ Dq" seIm] same); the same; same

Pronoun same always used with the definite article the.

A) Can be used as pronoun-adjective with singular and plural nouns:

Read the same phrase once more.	Read the same one phrase again.
At school we studied in the same class.	At school we studied in the same thing class.
You'll get more for the same money.	You'll get more for the same money.

b) Or how pronoun-noun with meaning: same thing, same thing.

The same happened to me.	The same happened to me.
Try to do the same !	try to do the same!
It's not quite the same .	It's not really the same.

Used in set expressions; when responding to congratulations and wishes, etc.

• What is the difference between pronouns this and it in English.
• Features of use this and it in an English sentence.
• Difference this and it with examples of use.

Anyone learning English using an audio course VoxBook, which is based on fiction without simplifying the text, should wonder in what case they are used this and it, and how they differ in sentences similar to the following:

This is a pen.
It is a pen.

This is a demonstrative pronoun and is translated: this, this, this.
It is a personal pronoun and is translated: he, she, it, his, her, him, her.
In some cases the pronoun it is indicative in nature, and is translated in the same way as this in a word: This.

Let's look at the difference between it and this in English:

IT	THIS
It- used to return to things or situations that were just written or spoken about, i.e. to known things or situations. Replaces a noun denoting an inanimate object or animal (when its gender is unknown). It- does not place any emphasis on a thing or situation without indicating the position of the subject.	This or that- used to define something with special emphasis. It also brings a new previously unknown fact into conversation or writing. This- puts the main emphasis on the word “this”, one might say points with a finger at a specific object located nearby. That - “that” indicates a specific object that is far away. This pencil is mine. This is my pencil. That pencil is yours. That pencil is yours. This is my pencil and that is yours. This is my pencil, and this one is yours.
	Indicates a Noun:
It will merge the laptop OS with the iPad and iPhone OS. Apple is about to release a new operating system. It will combine the laptop OS with the iPad and iPhone OS.	Apple is going to release a new operating system. This will be a huge step in merging the laptop OS with the iPad and iPhone OS. Apple is about to release a new operating system. This will be a huge step in combining laptop OS with iPad and iPhone OS.
(It- refers to the antecedent noun: operating system, replacing it.)	(This- refers to the preceding noun: operating system, underlining it.)
He looked round, and, see! the book was unfastened [he looked around and saw! (that) the book was unlocked] ; ...The boy rushed to it [the boy hurried towards her] and unclosed volume [and opened the volume] . It was written with red and black ink [it was written "with" in red and black ink] , and much of it he could not understand [and much of it he could not understand]; (English Fairy Tales - "The Master And His Pupil")	So they went along, and they went along, and they went along, [they “walked alongside/forward” and...] till they came to a narrow and dark hole [until they came to a narrow and dark hole] . Now this was the door of Foxy-woxy"s cave [so this was the door of Foxy-voxie's closet/cave] . But Foxy-woxy said to Henny-penny, Cocky-locky, Ducky-daddles, Goosey-poosey, and Turkey-lurkey: [but Foxy-woxy said "to" Henny-penny, Cocky-locky, Ducky-doodles, Goosey-pusey] "This is the short way to the king's palace [this "is" a shortcut to the royal palace] ... (English Fairy Tales - "Henny-Penny")
(It- replaces a noun book And volume.)	(This- emphasizes the preceding noun hole And cave; this particular hole.)	Indicates the situation:	Indicates the situation:
It Another employee lost a prototype of the future iPhone. This became the basis for an official search for the missing phone.	Another employee has lost an iPhone prototype. This set off an official search for the missing phone. Another employee lost a prototype of the future iPhone. This was the basis for the official search for the missing phone.
(It- refers to the situation from the previous sentence.)	(This- emphasizes the situation of the previous sentence.)
...but what it struck eight o"clock [but as “it” struck eight o’clock: to strike - to strike;] , when Bang, bang [when Boom, boom] went one of the largest man-of-war vessels [one of the big warships came] ; and it made Jack jump out of bed [and this made/caused Jack to jump out of bed: jump out - jump out] to look through the window [to look "through" = out the window]; (English Fairy Tales - "Jack and his Golden Snuff-box")	and Jack, when she was not standing by [and Jack when she wasn't standing nearby], cut off Lucifer's head [cuts off Lucifer's head] and brought it under his invisible coat to his master [and brought her under his invisibility jacket to his master] , who the next morning pulled it out by the horns before the lady [who the next morning pulled her out by the horns in front of the lady] . This broke the enchantment [this broke the spell] and the evil spirit left her [and the evil spirit left her] , and she appeared in all her beauty [and she appeared in all her beauty]. (English Fairy Tales - "Jack the Giant Killer")
(It- refers to the situation in the sentence.)	(This- emphasizes the situation.)

In the VoxBook audio course, sentences with the words this and it are often found. The article examines only some of these examples. After studying the audio course, you will be able to translate, correctly pronounce and use this and it, as well as other phrases in any text or conversation.

Interlinear translation of the audio course will greatly speed up the memorization of new words. Competent and correct speech by native speakers who voiced the VoxBook audio course guarantees that you will receive perfect pronunciation.

Thanks to the VoxBook audio course, you will achieve wonderful, outstanding results in learning English, even those that seem impossible to you. All this is due to the fact that you were simply curious, installing the VoxBook audio course on your computer, and having installed the audio course, you were smart enough to understand what it promises you in the future.

Difference between this and it - examples of use.

1. This introduces the concept into conversation It continues the conversation about the previously introduced concept. It replaces the introduced concept and is used to avoid repeating the word.

   This is a road. This is the road. (Introduces the concept into the conversation)
   It is a good road. This is a good road. (continues)
   ....
   Look at this tree. Look at this tree. (Introduces the concept into the conversation)
   It is full of fruit. It is full of fruits. (continues)
   ....
   This is a nice house. This is a good house. (Introduces the concept into the conversation)
   It is neat add clean. He is neat and clean. (continues)
   

   "I will lay down some money for him, from my own purse [I'll shell out some money for him, from my own wallet]"; but her father told her [but her father told her] : "This will not do, for it must be something of his own [this “will not do” = will not do, for it must be something of his own] ."

   (English Fairy Tales - "Whittington And His Cat")

   (First time this, next time it.)

2. Unlike the word it, this can be used as a definition and can appear immediately before a noun.
   For example:
   

   is good. This book is good.
   But..., that is, it cannot be placed immediately before book. While this is possible, compare:

   Is a good thing. This book is good.
   is a good. This is a good book.
   

3. Pronoun it can be used in intensifying sentences as a formal subject, as an intensifying and is usually translated by the words exactly, this, just.
   

   Answer to the question Who's there? when knocking on the door: It's me, Jon! Me. / It's me, John.
   Answer during roll call: It "s me (I) I am. / Here. / Present.
   

   Home came the giant [a giant came home] , and a great big tree in his hand [and a great big tree in his hand], and he took down the sack [and he “took down” = lowered the bag], and began to batter it [and started hitting him]. His wife cried [the wife screamed], " It's me, man[it's me, husband] "; but the dog barked [but the dog barked] and the cat mewed [and the cat meowed] , and he did not know his wife's voice [and he didn't recognize his wife's voice] .

   (English Fairy Tales - "Molly Whuppie")

4. Another significant difference is that the pronoun it used in impersonal sentences as a formal subject that is not translated. For example:
   

   It's five past twelve. The time is five minutes past twelve.
   It is two o'clock. Two hours.
   It's rains. It's raining.
   It is cold. Cold.
   It is warm. Warm.
   It's hot. Hot.
   It's winter. Winter.
   It is spring. Spring.
   It is getting dark. It's getting dark.
   It was interesting to read this article. It was interesting to read this article.
   

Take a look at an example of an impersonal sentence from the VoxBook audio course and its translation. The audio course uses word-by-word translation, so the word It is translated, but placed in quotation marks, which means “translation of the word as it is.” Such a translation must either be omitted, as in the example below, or replaced with a translation after the equal sign, as in the examples above.

One day the rose-tree flowered [one day “rose-tree”= the rose bloomed: one day - once; once upon a time;] . It was spring ["it" was spring] and there among the flowers was a white bird [and there was a white bird among the flowers]; and it sang, and sang [and she sang and sang], and sang like an angel out of heaven [and sang like an angel from heaven]. Away it flew [she flew away]...

(English Fairy Tales - "The Rose Tree")

Conclusions:

1.	This- introduces a new one, and it- a well-known fact in discussion.
2.	This- used if you need to point to a specific object in the field of view or highlight this object against the background of other objects
3.	Pronouns this- indicating a person, object, event or action close in place or close in time.
4.	This- used as a definition and stands before a noun.
5.	Pronoun it- usually refers to an inanimate thing, or is used in relation to a person, thing, idea, taken in the abstract.
6.	It- can be a substitute word for a previously mentioned noun and act as a subject or object.
7.	It- used in impersonal sentences as a formal subject, not translated into Russian.
8.	It- used in intensifying sentences as a subject.

Greetings, everyone! Today we'll talk about the basics. We will tell you the difference between “this / that” and “these / those”, explain their meaning, give clear examples and decorate it all with a final table with the difference.

It's time to clear your doubts and learn the difference so you can be 200% confident in using some of the most common words in the English language.

This and That

The main difference is distance of the object from the speaker.

You need to use " this"[ðɪs] - this / this / this, when the object is close to the speaker (he is holding it in his hands, for example), and " that» [ðæt] - that / that / that when it is at a distance or outside the field of view of the speaker or listener.

This is my cat (pointing at a cat on my lap).
This my cat (pointing to him on her lap).

That is his dog (pointing at a dog beside some stranger on the street).
Ta his dog (pointing to the dog next to the stranger on the street).

Note that tense will also affect the use of "this" and "that" as demonstrative pronouns.

If something happened in the past, use " that" would be more appropriate. Although in Russian we still say “this”.

You can, of course, say “that”, but it will sound suspiciously strange. There is no need for clarification, which cannot be said about English.

He didn't die yet. That made me think.
He's not dead yet. This got me thinking.

On the other hand, if the event has not yet occurred, then the appropriate form would be " this».

She won't go to church tomorrow. This is quite strange.
She won't go to church tomorrow. This quite strange.

It’s surprising that Americans, when they pick up the phone, usually say: “ Who is this?", and the British - " Who is that?».

Usually we use " that", speaking about things, but not about people or animals:

Right: - Have you met Mr. Rogers? - The one with the stupid haircut or silly mustache?
Wrong: That who has stupid haircut?

These and Those

In a formal context, especially in scientific work, when talking about the similarity of something, we use " that of / those of" instead of "the one of / the ones of".

The proton has a similar mass to that of a neutron.
A proton has a similar mass to a neutron proton.

The emotions in the poems are those of loss and grief.
The emotions in the poems reflect loss and grief.

How to use these pronouns

• In the role defining word:

What's in this bag?
That whiskey tastes strange.
I might get myself a pair of those Nikes.

• In the role pronouns(meaning things or ideas):

Come and look at this.
That's a very bad idea.
Can I have one of these?

Uses of this and that

Emotional distance

Sometimes we use this, that, these and those to refer to things that make us happy.

For example, you can use " this/these”, referring to something we approve of or feel positive about.

I love this new woolen smartphone cover that you can get.
I like this new wool phone case, which you can get.

We use " that/those” to create distance.

What are you going to say to that friend of yours?
What are you going to say that friend of mine?

We use " those", talking about objects inside the room where we were.

I didn't like his house. It had those awful paintings.
I didn't like his house. It contained those terrible pictures.

Sharing knowledge and new information

Often this happens when we are telling a story or explaining something.

You know that waterfall in the forest nearby? Well, they're gonna privatize it.
You know That waterfall in the forest nearby? Well, they're going to privatize it.

« This" is sometimes used instead of "a/an" when we are referring to something important or recent, or when introducing someone to a new person or thing in our history.

This guy today knocked on the door and asked if I wanted to talk about God.
This the guy knocked on the door and asked if I wanted to talk about God.

Physical proximity and distance

We use " this", And " these» most often, pointing to things and people that are close to the speaker or writer, or to what is happening at the moment.

Shall I use this knife here?
I should take advantage this with a knife?
I'll post these letters on my way home.
I'll throw it in these letters to the post office on the way home.

We use " that" And " those”, pointing out things and people that are not easily identified in a situation. They are often located at a distance from the speaker, and sometimes closer to the listener.

What's in that bottle over there?
What's in it that bottle there?

Sometimes things are not visible to either the speaker or the listener.

Death Star! That's my favorite star!
Death Star! This my favorite star!

Useful expressions and phrases

That's it- exclamation when solving a problem: “that’s all!”; in the role of agreement: “yes, right”, “exactly!”, “whoa!”, “period!; in the role of the final replica in an unambiguous plan: “that’s it!”, “that’s enough!”, “dry the oars!”; interrogative meaning in the sense of “that’s all?”, “oh well?”.

That's it! I"m not putting up with any more of her rudeness!
That's it! I won't tolerate her rudeness anymore!
That's it, it is working now.
That's it! Now it works.

That's alright(that's ok) - both expressions can be used to express forgiveness.

- Sorry, I didn't mean to hurt you.
-That's ok.
- Sorry, I didn't mean to offend you.
- Everything is fine.

That's right is one of the most popular answers in English. Says that you agree or confirm someone else's words.

Translations: exactly like that, right, exactly, absolutely, just about, like that.

- You must be one lucky son of a b*tch, right?
- You must be a lucky son of a bitch, huh?
- That's right, I am. What?
- That's right. What?

And others:

this one time only(this once, just for once) - only 1 time;
this one is still kicking- this one is still alive;
this one is as good as any- this one is no better than any other;
this side of the Black Stump- on “this side” (where there is water, trees, life);
this said- at the same time (despite the fact that ...), everything said means that ... ;
this and that- this and that; bench stoves;
those against?- who is against?;
those abstaining- abstained from voting;
those and those ones- both;
those are her days- on these days she receives (guests, for example).
Is this one taken?- Is it busy/free here?;
What's all this/that about?- What kind of news is this!; Here's more news!;
This is it!- Here it is!; This is what I was looking for!; This is a critical moment!; Fine!; Right!; That's the point!

Table: Difference between this/these and that/those

	This/These	That/That
Meaning		Pronouns and modifier.
Use	1) With people and objects near the speaker or listener in singular/plural. 2) To introduce someone. Jane, this is Tom. 3) Speaking about close time periods. We are going to the USA this summer (this winter, this week, this year). 4) Referring to what will happen in the future, to what has not yet happened, or to what we are going to say or do. I don’t really like to say this, but the service here is awful. 5) Referring to something important or recently happened, or when introducing someone new person or thing in our This guy today knocked on the door and asked if I wanted to talk about God. 6) Speaking about things close in time or location to the speaker or happening at the moment. I love these long summer evenings. It's so bright at 10 p.m. still. 7) Referring to something we approve of or feel positive about. I love these new woolen smartphone covers that you can get.	1) With people and objects away from the speaker or listener in singular/plural. Do you want to sit down on that bench over there? 2) Talking about events in the past. That dinner we had last night was gorgeous. 3) Talking about what just happened. What was that? Did you hear it? 5) In a formal context, especially in scientific activities, talking about the similarity of something. The proton has a similar mass to that of a neutron. 6) Talking about objects inside the room where we were. I didn't like his house. It had those awful paintings. 7) To create a sense of distance. I don't like that/those new friend/friends of yours.

Conclusion

Let's summarize:

This/that- here & singular / there & singular.

These/those- here & plural / there & plural.

We hope you enjoyed it and discovered something new. After all, this is why we are here writing to you! Enjoy your correct English and aim for more!

Don't forget that you can sign up for a free introductory English lesson via Skype!

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

In the English language, there are many different structures, words and pronouns that serve a variety of functions in sentences. Such words often raise a lot of questions not only among beginners, but also among those more advanced in learning English. In this article we will look at the difference between this and that, words that are similar at first glance.

So what is the difference between these two most common words?

If we translate both words into Russian, we can say that they are absolutely similar, because both are translated as “this”. But you cannot rely only on the translation of this and that.

The main difference between these two demonstrative pronouns is the distance of an object from the person who is talking about it. We'll figure this out now.

This in English: when to use?

Let's look at the rules for using these two especially popular pronouns.

The English pronoun this is used when we point to an object not far from us:

• this plate standing on the table nearby;
• this person is opposite us;
• this phone lying on the sofa and so on.

Let's give a couple of examples to make it clearer:

• Give me this pen. - Give me this pen.
• My sister wants to buy this shirt for her boyfriend. - My sister wants to buy this shirt for her boyfriend.
• This is my dog. It is cute, isn't it? - This is my dog. She's cute, isn't she?
• Mary won't go with us. This is pretty sad. - Mary won't go with us. It's quite sad.

In sentences, the pronoun this can often be replaced by another personal pronoun - it (it).

• This book is the most interesting. - This book is the most interesting.
• It is the most interesting book. - This is the most interesting book.

When is the pronoun that used?

But here, on the contrary, that is used when talking about an object located at a further distance from the speaker. Usually this pronoun is translated as “that”: that box, that person, that car. Here are a couple of sentences in which this pronoun is used:

• Do you see that big blue box? - Do you see that big blue box?
• John, look at that picture! It's fantastic! - John, look at that photo! It's amazing!
• That man made me crazy. - That man drove me crazy.
• That girl looks weird! - That girl looks strange!

Sometimes the pronoun is used in sentences that require a firm, rigid coloring. Usually such proposals are rude. For example:

• That's none of your business! - It doesn't concern you! / It's none of your business!

Sometimes this demonstrative pronoun can be replaced by another by analogy - which. In this case, this is translated into Russian as “which”:

• The town that we visit is so wonderful. I would like to go there again. - This town we visited is so wonderful! I would love to go there again.
• The town which we visit is so wonderful. I would like to go there again. - This town we visited is so wonderful! I would love to go there again.

Difference

As we have already found out, the demonstrative pronouns this and that are somewhat similar. But there is a very important difference between them. The pronoun this indicates objects that are nearby, not far from the speaker. But that performs a slightly different function. It is used when talking about some object located far away. This is the difference between this and that.

Plural: these and those

Another pronoun that often raises questions is the plural of the same this and that.

These is translated into Russian as “these” and is the plural of this. Everything is exactly the same here. If objects are located nearby, then we use these:

• These cats are so cute! - These cats are so cute!
• I hope these guys are nice. - I hope these guys are nice.

But those is the plural of the demonstrative pronoun that. It is translated into Russian as “these”, “those” and is used when talking about any distant objects, objects at a distance:

• Those stars are amazing. - Those stars are amazing.
• Those who interested at other books of this writer can take them at our school library. - Those who are interested in other books by this writer can borrow them from our school library.

When we talk about the similarity of something, as well as in various scientific reports, these plural demonstrative pronouns often change to that of / those of.

The roles of these pronouns in a sentence

The pronouns in this group have two different functions:

1. Definition, that is, searching for a dependent word that reveals the main thing: That house is so big! (This house is so big!) This cat is really fat! (This cat is really fat!) Thesee books are worth reading. (These books are worth reading.)
2. As an independent word - a pronoun. In this case, things or objects are meant. Just look at that! (Just look at this!) Can I take some of these? (Can I have some?)

Expressions that may be useful to you

There are many expressions in English that contain the demonstrative pronouns discussed above. Most often these are colloquial, everyday statements used in our everyday life:

• That’s it (“that’s all”; “that’s it”; “exactly”; “precisely”; “that’s enough!”). This expression can be explained in different ways. Most often it means “exactly!”, but can be translated as the end of a dialogue, a point in resolving some issue. In this case, the expression is translated: “that’s it, that’s enough.” And if the expression has a questioning intonation, the phrase can be translated as follows: “Is that all you can say?” In Russian, we often say in such cases: “Come on!”
• That's right is one of the most popular affirmative answers in the English language. It is translated as follows: “this is exactly”, “true”, “so exactly”, “absolutely true”, etc.
• That’s alright / that’s ok - used to forgive a person, to say that everything is fine. Translated as: “everything is fine”, “everything is okay”, “everything is fine”.
• This one time only - one single time, only one time.
• Is this one taken? - Is it busy here?/Is it free?
• Those against? - Are there those who are against?/Anyone against?
• This is it! - This is it!/Exactly/Absolutely/Good/Correct!

Uses of this and that

There are many different uses. These demonstrative pronouns often have different meanings and even emotional connotations. We'll talk about this now.

We continue to study the rule of this and that.

Approval of things and objects that we love

These demonstrative pronouns are often used to point to an object that we love and approve of. In this case, use this or these. This creates a feeling of closeness to the subject, the speaker’s predisposition:

• I love this new dress I "ve bought! - I love this new dress that I bought!
• These places remind me about my childhood. - These places remind me of my childhood.

That and those to indicate distance

And the following demonstrative pronouns, on the contrary, exist in order to create some distance, distance from the object, in the literal and figurative sense. This is the difference between this and that. Take a look at the examples and you will understand everything:

• Actually, I don't really like that boyfriend of yours. - Actually, I don't really like this boyfriend of yours.
• I hate those places! - I hate these places!/those places!

That in the meaning of the and this as a/an

Very often, the demonstrative pronoun replaces the definite article in order to focus attention on the subject that is being described. Typically, this technique is used when telling various stories, transferring knowledge and life experience:

• So I saw that man and... - And I saw this man, and...
• Remember that museum where we have already been at? - Remember the museum where we were already?

But the demonstrative pronoun this replaces a/an. This usually happens when someone introduces us to something new or introduces us to a new person in our lives. I think you see a clear difference between this and that:

• This guy is really shy, but I like him. - This guy is so modest, but I like him.

Physical distance and proximity to objects

But most often with the help of these pronouns we denote physical distance. Thus, we bring to a conclusion all of the above.

The use of this and that in English is one of the easiest rules, which, however, is often mistaken. This and its plural these show proximity to an object, that this object is nearby, not far away. But that and those in the plural are used to indicate the remoteness of an object.

Demonstrative pronouns have separate forms for the singular - this this, this, this,
that mom, that, then- and plural - these these, those me.

Demonstrative pronouns are used both as adjective pronouns and noun pronouns.

1. Demonstrative pronoun-adjective, being a determiner of a noun,
excludes the use of an article before the noun to which it refers.
When the noun to which the demonstrative pronoun refers is preceded by others
definitions, then the demonstrative pronoun, like any determiner, is placed before them:

Don't live in that house. - He lives in that house.

He lives in that white house. - He lives in that white house.

2. Pronouns this And these indicate objects in
close proximity to the interlocutor, while that And those point to
more distant objects:

This pencil is mine. - This pencil is mine. (We are talking about a pencil that the speaker holds in his hand or that is directly in front of his eyes.)

That pencil is yours. - That pencil is yours. (We are talking about a pencil that is not in close proximity to the speaker.)

This young man is my brother. - This young man is my brother. (We are talking about a person standing close to the speaker.)

Do you know that man? - Do you know this person? (We are talking about a person located at some distance from the interlocutor.)

These cigarettes are very good. - These cigarettes are very good. (We are talking about cigarettes that the speaker holds in his hand or that are in close proximity to him.)

I like those flowers. - I like those (these) flowers. (We are talking about flowers that are not in close proximity to the speaker.)

3. Pronoun this with the word country used in relation to the country in which
there is a speaker or author. Therefore, when the combination country this found in
English newspaper, it should be translated England, in an American newspaper - USA, V
message from a correspondent from Holland - Holland etc.:
The exports of coal from this country decreased last year (from an article in an English newspaper). Coal exports from England fell last year.

The exports of coal from this country decreased last year (from an article in an English newspaper). - Coal exports from England decreased last year.

The imports of coal into this country decreased last year (from a report by a correspondent from Holland, published in an English newspaper). - Coal imports to Holland decreased last year.

If we are not talking about the country of residence of the speaker or author, then it is used that country
both with the meaning of that country and this country:

I was in Bulgaria last year. I liked that country very much. - I was in Bulgaria last year. I really liked this country.

4. This in time expressions refers to the moment of conversation or to the current period
time, a that- to a moment or period of time in the past or future:

I am busy at this moment. - I'm busy at the moment.

It is only the beginning of May. - It's only the beginning of May.

You can’t bathe at this time of the year. - You can't swim at this time of year.

My brother will go to the Caucasus this summer. - My brother will go to the Caucasus this summer (this summer).

I spent the summer of 1986 in the south. We had a lot of rain that summer. - I spent the summer of 1986 in the south. This (that) summer was very rainy.

At that moment the door opened and a man entered the room. - At that (that) moment the door opened and a man entered the room.

I am going to call on him at five o’clock. I hope he will come home by that time. - I'm going to see him at five o'clock. I hope he comes home by this time.

In Russian the demonstrative pronoun this (this) often used not only for
indications of nearby objects and to indicate the moment of conversation or the current period
time, but also to indicate more distant objects, objects that are not present,
and to indicate past and future moments or periods of time. Therefore the pronoun this (these)
in English in some cases it corresponds this (these), and in others that (those):

I'll go south this summer. - I shall go to the south this summer.

I usually work in this room. - I usually work in this room.

Do you see the white house at the end of the street? My brother lives in this house. - Do you see the white house at the end of the street? My brother lives in that house.

Yesterday he showed me his new dictionary. He bought this dictionary in Leningrad. - He showed me his new dictionary yesterday. He bought that dictionary in Leningrad.

At that moment I heard a noise in the corridor. - At that moment I heard a noise in the corridor.

Come at 5 o'clock. I'll be home at that time. - Come at five o'clock. I shall be at home at that time.

After pronouns this And that pronoun is often used one to avoid
repetition of the previously mentioned noun:

Will you give me another book? I don't like this one. - Give me another book. I don't like this one.

This book is mine, and that one is yours. - This book is mine, and that one is yours.

1. Demonstrative pronouns-nouns are used in the same way as corresponding
adjective pronouns, namely: this And these are used when talking about objects close to the speaker, a that And those- when it comes to more distant objects:

This is my dictionary and that is yours. - This is my dictionary, otherwise it’s yours.

These are my magazines and those are yours. - These are my magazines, otherwise they are yours.

Have you read this? -Have you read this?

I shall take these. - I'll take these.

2. This often used in relation to subsequent direct speech, and that in relation to
to the previous direct speech:

This is what she said: “I don’t think he is right.” “That’s what she said: “I don’t think he’s right.”

“I don’t think he is right.” - That's what she said.

That used to replace a preceding singular noun, a
those to replace a plural noun when they should
repeat with the definite article. That And those in such cases it is usually translated into
Russian language with the nouns they replace:

The price of tin is higher than that of copper (that = the price). - The price of tin is higher than the price of copper.

At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine (those = the machines). - There are several machines in our factory similar to the machines described in this magazine (similar to those described in this magazine).

In the meaning of a demonstrative pronoun, the pronoun is also used it, corresponding
Russian pronoun This:

Who is there? -It is Helen. -Who's there? - This is Elena.

What is this? - It is a dictionary. - What is this? -This is a dictionary.

Demonstrative pronouns also include the pronoun such such, such,
which is used both as an adjective pronoun,
and noun pronouns:

These are such interesting books! - These are such interesting books!

Such was the agreement between the two parties. - That was the agreement between both parties.

When such defines a countable noun in the singular, then the noun
used with the indefinite article, which is placed after such:

It is such an interesting book! - This is such an interesting book!