When you're in last time did you read it out loud?

Why people read aloud poorly? Why does this happen? Why does it seem: “Now, oh, I’ll read it!”, but the reading comes out dry? Let's think about this.

When was the last time you read aloud?

That was a long time ago?

In this article will be reviewed (in detail) causes why people are bad at reading aloud, recommendations how to develop reading aloud, practical exercises who will help learn to read aloud well, both for yourself and for public speaking.

Reading aloud

As he writes Wikipedia: Reading- a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols aimed at understanding the text.

When we read aloud? Probably more.

What is the result?

Monotonous reading. Inexpressive. Without the desired voice overtones.

At least that's what it sounds like from the outside.

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What can you do to improve your reading aloud quality?

It is useful to realize that skill “reading aloud” We haven’t developed it for a long time, but practiced reading “to ourselves.” And these, although similar, are different skills of our brain.

After all, many of the texts are well written. They are carefully thought out by the writers. They contain words that are little used in everyday life, words that are useful for developing vocabulary.

How to sight read in front of an audience

Have you ever seen a speaker reading from a piece of paper? Agree - a sad sight.

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Remember, for example, the speeches of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev.

However, there are modern speakers who read speeches very well.

Why don’t good speakers sight read? - They are reading. And how they read.

Remember Altov, Zhvanetsky, and other pop comedians. They read, and they sight read very well.

Even Barack Obama often speaks while looking at a piece of paper.

But he reads in such a way that no one notices his reading.

Here, for example, is one of the videos where Barack Obama speaks using written text. But it looks beautiful. Why? - Because he can read.

• And subscribe to our YouTube channel. There are many interesting videos there.

What should have been done? There are two options:

1. Read and “in your own words” tell this text to the public.
2. Learn the technique of “public reading”.

Public reading

Proper public reading.

Why “correct” - because there is a rule: you need to look into the eyes of those people to whom the speech is addressed, no matter whether it is written or not.

Public reading (reading in front of an audience) is indeed more difficult than ordinary speech and requires special skills.

Why is it more difficult? Because, as with any public speaking, eye contact with the audience is important here, and during sight reading it is difficult to create, and even more so, maintain this contact.

And not only see, but also feel, how well the audience accepts and assimilates your material.

To see, to feel whether my dear listeners understood the previous words.

Often, very often, the speaker does not notice how quickly he overloads the audience's perception.

Let's remember our wonderful lectures at the institute...

What we pay attention to: pauses, eye contact and the speed of our speech. At what speed can you read aloud? I assume it will be fast, but we need it so that every word you say is perceived by the audience.

An important technique: read during a pause, and when speaking, look into the audience. And so on alternately.

You need to adjust the speed of speech, the duration of pauses and phrases. All this is achieved through exercise.

Exercises

How to read aloud correctly

So, let's summarize everything written above.

1. No problem.

If you (or someone else) is bad at reading aloud, this is no problem. This - task. You need to start reading aloud, and this skill will quickly develop.

Moreover, very quickly. You just need to start doing it.

About how to increase lexicon written in great detail here:

How to increase your vocabulary

2. What to read out loud

• I recommend these
• And this is a whole site of good parables

3. How to read aloud

Yes. Exactly. Do you have any doubts? And you are doing the right thing. After all, there are many recommendations on the Internet where they recommend reading at a speed of “120 words per minute.” But I'm a trainer oratory, I know that I recommend it.
At normal reading speed, there is no time to pay attention to pauses, intonations, gestures, and facial expressions. At this speed, 120 or more, the brain only has time to read.
When should you remember words?
At this speed (120 words per minute), you can read only by looking at the text. But you need to look not at the text, but directly, at the listener or listeners, or at yourself in the mirror.

• This is written in detail in my book “Mistakes of Speakers”: .

4. Reading aloud slowly will help you read beautifully.

Try to keep the phrases different: something louder, something quieter, something faster, something measured, stretching out sounds, something higher or lower intonation.
By reading slowly, you can have time to switch emotions and admire them in the mirror.

5. Practice reading aloud to yourself first.

Expressive speech is a special art and a powerful tool for persuasion and influencing others. People who can clearly and beautifully express thoughts are liked and successful in achieving their goals.

The skills of expressive reading of literary texts help to achieve this. Then your own thoughts will take on an elegant, attractive form.

What is important to know to master expressive reading

To become an expressive storyteller or reader, the following things are important:

• breathing technique;
• good diction;
• pronunciation of words in accordance with the norms of the language.

Breath control

You can learn to control your breathing on your own. At the moment of the pause, take a deep breath, and then exhale the air evenly until the next pause. Skill comes with practice.

Diction monitoring

Good diction is not often given by nature; to develop pronunciation, they perform special exercises and learn tongue twisters.

Compliance with pronunciation standards

The main techniques that are used to achieve expressiveness of speech are stress, pauses, and intonation. With the help of logical stress, semantic and emotional centers are identified.

Pauses help to attract attention, convey emotions, and emphasize significance.

Without intonation, it is impossible to correctly convey the content of the work and emotional coloring. Feelings are also expressed by the strength of the voice and the speed of presentation.

Reminder for working on expressive reading

• To acquire beautiful reading skills, follow the following algorithm:
• Choose your favorite passage from the work.
• Start with a small piece. Use technical device for voice recording, for example, a voice recorder. When listening, you will be better able to spot errors in reading.
• If there are incomprehensible words in the text, you need to figure out their meaning.
• After the first reading, mark up the text taking into account pauses and intonations. Use arrows to indicate the descending and ascending tonality. Mark a short pause with one vertical line, a long pause with two.
• Feel the main idea to correctly determine the logical stress.
• Read the passage again, paying attention to pauses, stress, and intonation.
• When working on a complete work, think through transitional moments that carry psychological significance and emphasize the climax of the plot, its denouement.
• Color your speech emotionally using the strength and tempo of the sound. To do this, you need to imagine the mood of the author and his characters. Strong feelings convey in a louder speech, grief and sadness - in a quiet, muffled voice. Fast pace will help express a surge of emotions, slow - will emphasize the solemnity of the moment.

By using simple techniques and practice, you can learn to read literary works masterfully. In addition to applying practical skills, it is necessary to feel and understand the inner meaning of what the author wanted to say.

Expressive reading of poetry by children preschool age

Consultation for parents. Learning poetry with preschool children

Medvedeva Marina Anatolyevna, music director of the highest qualification category, MBDOU " Kindergarten combined type No. 2 - “Luchiki”, Sovetsky district of Tula

Description of the material. This material addressed to parents and teachers who work with preschool children. The reason for writing the article was the contradiction between the capabilities of children and the frequent cases of inexpressive reading of poetry in this age group, as well as the importance of developing intonation expressiveness in preschool children.
“Read poetry to children, let their ears become accustomed to the harmony of the Russian word, let their hearts be filled with a sense of grace, let poetry affect them in the same way as music.” V.G. Belinsky
What is it in different people read poetry! One - monotonously, sluggishly. The other is highlighting the features of poetic meter. The third is loud, emotional and unnatural. But with pleasure we listen to someone who reads the way he speaks in life, with lively expressiveness, clear speech, experiencing the emotions affected by this work.
Is it possible to teach this to a child? Yes, you can.
At the same time, reading and memorizing poetry with kids, we solve the following problems:
- memory strengthening;
- developing clear diction, mastering the means of intonation expressiveness: timbre, tempo, register, intonation, rhythm, dynamics, pitch pattern, size, accentuation (emphasizing certain elements in a word or phrase);
- development of the child’s creative abilities;
- broadening your horizons;
- upbringing moral qualities(love for loved ones, caring for animals, careful attitude to nature, toys, etc.).
Here are some tips to help develop your child in this direction.
How to choose the right poem to memorize?
1. The poem must be accessible.
1) First of all, the content is close and understandable to children.
2) What younger age child, the shorter the line and the poem itself. For children 2 years old, two to four lines are enough, 3-4 years old - one or two quatrains, 5-7 years old - up to five quatrains, depending on the child’s interest and level of memory development.
3) A poem for kids should be dynamic (mostly action), without descriptive moments, with short lines, simple rhythm. Older preschoolers are able to perceive metaphors, comparisons, and small descriptions, but dynamism is still important.
2. Poems for children should be High Quality, because poetry is
source and means of enriching figurative speech, development
poetic ear (the ability to subtly feel the artistic form,
melody and rhythm of the native language), ethical and moral concepts.
Read works of folk art to children (folk nursery rhymes,
jokes, jokes, songs) and masters artistic word.
Look for good poems by modern poets. You cannot use weak poems by non-professionals, with inaccurate rhymes, a violation of structure, or with illiterate use of the word form.
How to teach poetry with preschool children?
Before introducing your child to the chosen poem, look through it yourself, select the desired mood, intonation, place accents, highlighting the main word. If dialogue is used, or the narration comes from the perspective of a character, then the timbre of the voice can be changed. In some poems it is possible to play on the sound of words. Thus, hissing sounds convey the rustling of grass and leaves; drawn-out vowels convey the howling of the wind. This technique must be used carefully; the emphasis on the sound should be slight. You can use content-related reading speed changes. Rapid utterance may accompany a rapid change of events or high speed actions, delaying speech - an unwanted or prolonged action.
Read the poem to your child naturally and expressively,
feeling the mood. Talk to him about the content, make sure he understands everything. Explain new words if necessary. It is important that you like the poem.
Invite your child to play: you read a poem, and he finishes the ends of the lines. It does not make it difficult for children to repeat the text phrase by phrase. Then you can move on to a holistic retelling. At first, give unobtrusive hints and recite together passages that have not yet been retained in memory. To keep children interested younger age, you can recite a poem for different toys in turn or from the perspective of a bear, bunny, cat, etc. Children of senior preschool age are able to take well the task set before them: to learn a poem. Make sure your child’s speech is clear and naturally expressive. Sometimes children pronounce the text very quickly, swallowing the endings. You can immediately stop and correct it so that the error does not persist. The duration of such an activity with a child should not exceed five minutes. It is better to return to the poem again after a while.
Learned and forgotten?
Try to maintain the child's interest in the poem. Try to role-play it or play with a toy.
Give the learned poem to your grandparents for their birthdays, use it in home concerts, remember it in an appropriate situation, watching weather events, animals, looking at plants and vehicles, admiring a toy and doing housework with the child.
By following these simple recommendations, you can teach your child to love literature, poetry, notice the beauty around him, and form clear, expressive speech, which will be very useful not only at school, but also in adult life.

Examples of analysis of children's poems for expressive reading.

“Pussy” I. Zhukov
-Hello, pussy, how are you?
Why did you leave us? (affectionate, questioning intonation)
-I can’t live with you,
There is nowhere to put the tail. (offended)
Walk, yawn,
You're stepping on the tail! (angrily)
“Builder” G. Ladonshchikov
With a beak like a chisel, (rhythmically, passing the knock)
Woodpecker builds new house,
Although he himself doesn’t know yet, (puzzled)
Who will be registered in it.
A siskin flies up to a woodpecker:
- Why are you knocking here, woodpecker? (interrogative)
A whole hour in the hollow of an aspen tree, (surprised)
You're sticking out like you're tied up!
- It’s not for nothing that I’m knocking here! (kindly)
I want to get some worms.
I'll have a great lunch (with pleasure)
And I’ll fly like an aspen.
“Plasticine Dog” S. Makhotin
Do not be angry with me, (request)
Plasticine dog.
Turned out crooked (regretfully)
Plasticine nose.
Plasticine tail
Hangs like a lace
And a little dented
Plasticine side.
Then maybe I (hope, promise)
I'll blind you again
And now I want you (with love)
And I love this one.
“About Snow” N. Firefly
To the clearing and meadow (peacefully)
A snowball is falling from the sky,
Snow falls from the sky
The cat purred: Cottage cheese! (soft)
But the rooster crowed to him:
- Maybe it's just fluff (sharply, loudly)
- Quack! said the duck Masha (calmly)
- This rice porrige!
The ducklings answered her
- This is quack-quack, quack-quack cotton wool! (Faster, higher volume)
Came out little calf,
I was surprised like a child (surprised)
The frost squeezed my sides,
- Moo-moo, so much milk! (slowly)
And cheerful Vanechka (more lively, fun)
I took a sleigh from home,
I ran for a ride in the garden.
Vanya is very happy about the snow! (clear exclamation of joy)
“Turtle” K. Chukovsky
It's a long walk to the swamp, (concerned)
It's not easy to walk to the swamp.
"Here is a stone lying by the road, (delighted)
Let's sit down and stretch our legs"
The frogs place a bundle on the stone. (leisurely)
“It would be nice for us to lie down here for an hour!” (within Temptation)
Suddenly a stone jumped to his feet (quickly, sharply)
And he grabbed them by the legs.
And they screamed in fear:
"But it's a turtle!" (moderately loud, surprised)

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All children are taught to read poetry in kindergarten; every child can simply learn it, but not all children can read it with expression. Why? Yes, because no one taught them how to do it. Teachers simply lower your grades if you cannot read a poem beautifully. In this case main role intonation plays. It must be observed even when you are reading a simple text, but in the case of poetry this is the most important thing. But how to learn this and what can be done, what rules to follow? Teach This will tell you about it in this article.

1. The first thing you need to do to read a poem beautifully out loud in public is understand its meaning. Try to analyze who it is dedicated to, what emotions the author wanted to convey to the reader, what he wanted to say, and what he was talking about in general. Then be sure to memorize the text. Even if you think that you can spot it on a piece of paper, you don’t need to hope for it too much.
2. Because from excitement you simply may not see the text. And the public treats speakers better who don’t try to pry. In this case, the performance is perceived by the audience more sincerely. It is necessary to practice reading the verse as much as necessary to remember, where to pause, and where, on the contrary, to speed up. Also, before your speech, think about where to place emphasis.
3. Naturally, any speech is perceived better if it is understandable and clear. Without further ado, it will be useful prepare the speech apparatus for the upcoming event. There are a huge number of different articulation gymnastics that you can use. People whose work involves public speaking, it is advised to do these exercises every day, and to “warm up” the articulatory apparatus before the performance itself.
4. When you learn to read poetry, you can practice in front of the mirror. This way you will see your facial expressions. It often seems to people that at some point they are trying to display one thing emotional condition, but from the outside it looks different. When you read a poem, you often need to say some long phrase in one breath. This is why professionals do breathing exercises.
5. Before the performance itself, the main thing is cope with anxiety, otherwise it will be heard in your voice, even if you try to show that you are not worried at all. The voice best conveys our state. To try to calm down, you can take a couple of deep breaths and exhales, imagine that you are in a place where it is calm and comfortable.
6. A poem is, first of all, emotions. For example, if you analyze a poem entitled “How to Read Well,” you can see how the author talks about the joy of a child who has mastered reading skills. And it would not be correct to read this poem monotonously and calmly. Rather, it needs to be done energetically and cheerfully. And, of course, the speech should be faster than, for example, when reading Tatyana’s letter to Onegin.

Video lessons

The phrase “expressive reading” began to be actively used in the middle of the 19th century and implied the skill of literary expression and the discipline of teaching this skill to children. Expressive reading is the skill of displaying in words the sensations and reflections that fill highly artistic work, showing the performer’s individual assessment of the author’s work.

Expressive reading involves reciting from memory or reading from a book while adhering to the principles of literary pronunciation. At the same time, the figurative and ideological essence of the work is most fully expressed. Expressive reading is used as a technique for teaching language.

Reading is characterized by four criteria:

• Fluency is the speed of reading. Determines the perception (understanding) of the text read. Fluency is typically measured by the number of words or characters read per minute.
• Correctness implies leisurely reproduction without altering the essence of a literary work.
• Consciousness is an understanding of the author's idea, comprehension of the artistic methods with which the idea is embodied, understanding own attitude to the work.
• Expressiveness of reading is formed during analysis literary work.

To read a text expressively means to find a way through oral speech to truthfully and accurately convey the intentions and feelings contained in the composition. This means of transmission is intonation.

Intonation represents the interaction of the components of oral speech (tempo, sound, stress, rhythm, pauses). The components support each other. The interaction between them is generated by the content and emotions of the text, the goal that the author sets for the reader.

Characteristics of the principles of teaching expressive reading

The principle of expressive reading is comprehension of the artistic essence and intent of the composition. It is important to identify the extent to which the text is clear to listeners. Understanding the task, the goal that is pursued when reading, will help make reading effective. The success of transmitting a work largely depends on the beauty, literacy, and brightness of the reader’s speech. The content allows you to accurately identify which means to use when transmitting the text.

Expressive reading involves persistent, labor-intensive work on the means of conveying the intention, feelings and content of the work. Proper breathing, distinct pronunciation of sounds, and skills in accurately conveying emotions through speech are important.

Expressive reading involves the use of brightness means, such as:

• Intonation.
• Logical stress.
• Pause.
• Pace.
• Height and strength of voice.

Intonation

The importance of intonation and its elements when reading is very great, therefore, when forming speech expressiveness, one should Special attention pay attention to the development of intonation brightness.

Intonation components:

• The force that manifests itself in stress and determines the dynamics of oral speech.
• The direction that predetermines the melody of speech and is manifested in the following of the voice along the sounds with different heights.
• A hue or timbre that determines emotional coloring.
• Speed, which is expressed in prolonged speech and pauses. Predetermines the rhythm and tempo of speech.

The recitation of a literary work by a teacher, a schoolchild and an actor differs, since the conditions of expressiveness are different for them. The actor has perfect command of his voice and other means, and also has the opportunity to thoroughly prepare for reading. There are other requirements for the student. By watching videos of performances by professional readers, you can learn to read a work with the correct intonation.

Principles of Expressive Reading

The rules of expressive reading are a set of recommendations that help quickly and effectively develop skills literary reading among schoolchildren. The reading instruction is aimed at developing a culture of handling the book and contains recommendations on preparation and correct reading.

A lesson in expressive reading should arouse interest in literary creativity and cultivate a love of figurative words.

Tips for parents on developing a child’s reading interest

• You should buy books for your child that are colorfully designed and have exciting content.
• It is not the duration of reading that is important, but the frequency. That is, it is better to read many times for 15 minutes than once for an hour and a half. A gentle reading mode for a child is preferable - read three lines, rest.
• To form a habit of communicating with a book, you need to read to your child every day.
• The read work should be discussed with the family and the child should be told about the author.
• When remembering a work, you need to slightly alter the text, this will help you understand whether the child remembers the content well.
• Advise your child about the works of your childhood, share your impressions of them.
• Buy books by authors your child likes and create his own library.

Many years later, already in adulthood, the child will associate books with near and dear people, with the warmth of his home.

Memo to parents

• Reading is an entrance into the world of knowledge; it is a guarantee of a child’s success at school.
• A child will love books only thanks to the combined efforts of the school and family.
• Familiarize yourself with the main requirements of expressive, fluent, conscious reading.
• The recommended list will help you choose books for your child.
• Your own children's library will allow you to exchange books with friends, which will help increase interest in reading.

Knowledge of works of children's literature and the works of children's writers and poets makes it easier for parents to choose books for their child. Such knowledge is also indispensable integral part professionalism and competence of a teacher or educator, specialist working with children.

Introduce parents and teachers to the works literary creativity Children's poets and writers are encouraged to take the discipline “Children's Literature with Workshop on Expressive Reading.” The purpose of the subject is to improve the skills of analyzing children's literary works, and examines the importance of literary reading in the development of a child's personality.

The structure of the discipline “Children's Literature with Workshop on Expressive Reading” is a historical, chronological way of presenting material on literature for children. It also includes a logic-based workshop on expressive reading.

Student Reading Guide

Memo No. 1: Reading rules

• You need to spend at least a quarter of an hour a day reading, sitting comfortably, preferably not lying down.
• If you read with the TV or music on, it will be difficult to understand what the text is about. Therefore, you should turn off the TV, music, and remove all objects that distract your attention.
• There is no need to rush when reading and concentrate on time, otherwise the meaning of the text or poem will remain unclear and slip away.
• It is necessary to take breaks, pauses, and exercise minutes.
• You need to analyze the actions and actions of the characters in the work and draw conclusions for yourself. Discuss what you read with friends.
• Mark the place where reading was interrupted by placing a bookmark between the pages.
• Entertaining and interesting information You can write it down in a notepad. It will be useful in the future.

Cheat Sheet #2: Expressive Reading

Expressive reading is impossible without understanding the meaning of the content of the work.

• Maintain the correct pace and rhythm when reading. There is no need for haste here.
• Diction - pronunciation should be intelligible, loud, distinct.
• Be sure to pause when there are punctuation marks.
• Using logical stress, highlight the key words of a literary work.
• Poems or text, when read, should have an emotional connotation.
• Understanding of the content is required readable poem or prose.

Memo No. 3: Correct work with the book

The ability to work correctly with a book and process information from printed sources is of exceptional importance for high school students. The inability to work with a book will affect your performance at school, since homework and class work will take up a lot of time. This state of affairs will lead to the student getting tired, and the ability to absorb knowledge will decrease.

• It is necessary to develop the skills of correct, fluent, meaningful reading.
• Expressive reading. Read the text or poems, determine the main idea of ​​the creation, find individual elements in the content and their semantic significance, read again.
• Define chronological order actions of a literary work.
• Extracurricular activities involves keeping a diary of works read, using a list of books recommended by the teacher, and the skill of recording data about a work from the title page.

Expressive recitation of a poem

Poetry the best way Gives the child an understanding of the essence of expressive reading. When a good reader recites poems or texts that have long been familiar to them, listeners begin to understand them in a new way. They get into the mood of the person uttering the words.

Actors, thanks to their talent, knowledge and professional skills, read poetry, captivating the audience. By carefully watching videos of performances by famous artists, you can borrow interesting techniques for reading poetry and prose.

The literature lesson at school is designed to arouse interest in artistic, figurative words, and cultivate a love for books. Expressive reading is an important skill that allows you to convey to your listeners the intent of a work and its ideological content. Reveal the subtlest nuances of feelings, experiences, and sensations of the characters in a literary text or poetry. Videos of performances by professional readers will help you find a way to penetrate into the heart of your listeners while reading the text.