Weather anomalies of the year why. It's hot - what's next? The weather is hysterical with a vengeance

May snow from the window of a Facebook user in Murmansk

“In the morning, Facebook greeted me, asking if I was ready for snow in the city... I thought for a while... My little blue down jacket hung in the closet all winter. At the end of April I pulled it out and wore it for an evening walk and have worn it every day since. After taking a sip of hot Rusciano, I thought that I was probably ready for anything. I don’t have summer tires anyway, but I can still ride on winter tires until next winter,” user Sergei Pogodin jokingly puts forward the version: May snow is a consequence of the use climate weapons.

“I heard that in Moscow the heating was turned on again, but here, thank God, they haven’t turned it off yet. Maybe the Americans are testing climate weapons on us? But even if so, you won’t take us with this!” — Pogodin photographs snow-covered Murmansk in May.

“Whatever you want, I think climate weapons were used against us!” — echoes to him Irina Frolova (Moscow).

“I’m also starting to believe in climate weapons,” writes Muscovite Anna Sholina and attaches a video of snowfall...

At first, several people a day, but now every hour new sensible people announce to their friends that they are moving to the conspiracy theorist camp. “Where can I read about climate weapons? (smiley here)"

The chronicle can be watched in search results by key phrase.

The difference between these messages does not even lie in the fact that a resident of which region of Russia considers himself a victim of a military experiment. And who used the weapon: it was us, or the Americans?

Novaya Gazeta asked people who, in principle, do not deny the existence of climate weapons, to participate in the discussion of this version. Unfortunately, even they have no doubt: the current cold snap and snow in May can in no way be related to its use.

Evgeniy Tishkovets

leading specialist at the FOBOS weather center

— Is it possible with the help special weapons influence the weather? Of course it's possible.

“But this whole topic has long been closed. Only Americans still sometimes indulge in it. And yet, what is happening now in Moscow fits perfectly within the framework of our climate.”

It is significant that today, in response to messages from different parts of the Earth about temperature records weather forecasters react as if it were something commonplace. And +50 degrees in Africa and the Middle East, and + 41 in Japan, and the unprecedented + 33 degrees in Scandinavia, and +32 in Murmansk do not particularly surprise them. And the heat in Mexico and southern California is generally taken for granted.

Now this climate has established itself on Earth; it is called capricious or nervous. Increasingly, powerful heat waves have begun to recur in the atmosphere, so temperatures remain quite above normal. long time, - said the leading meteorologist of the Hydrometeorological Center, Marina Makarova, in a conversation with an RG correspondent.

The climate is called capricious or nervous. Today some regions suffer from anomalies, and tomorrow the misfortunes spread to others

But Makarova especially emphasizes that this does not happen everywhere, but locally. Moreover, this phenomenon applies not only to heat, but also to cold. And the most remarkable thing is that the picture changes almost every year. Today some regions suffer from climate change, and tomorrow this scourge spreads to others. “For example, in June it was very hot in Siberia, especially in Krasnoyarsk, but in July everything returned to normal, and minimum temperature records began to be updated there,” says Makarova.

The culprit of various temperature anomalies this summer in the Northern Hemisphere - subtropical zone anticyclones. It “works” every year, but in this, according to Makarova, this zone high pressure rose to great heights, warming the entire atmosphere. Such air waves can develop crests that can penetrate traditionally cold spots. And then anomalies arise there. This is exactly the kind of crest that has crept onto the Kola Peninsula, and temperature in Murmansk region rose to +32 C. This has not happened here since the 70s of the last century.

Photo: Infographics "RG"/Anton Perepletchikov/Yuri Medvedev

And experts from the World Meteorological Organization name another reason for the heat in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition to the subtropical anticyclone, the so-called jet streams made their contribution to the weather. This is an air flow at an altitude of about 10 km, which transports moisture and heat from west to east, redistributing precipitation across the planet and smoothing out various anomalies. So this year these currents weakened, which seriously affected the weather throughout the planet.

But all these reasons for the anomalies, according to weather forecasters, are “small” details, special cases against the background of the main one - global warming. And it inevitably comes. The evidence is clear, such as the increase in temperature over the period 1850-2000. the largest in the last 1400 years, and in the 20th century the records follow each other: they were recorded in 1995, 1997, 1998, 2005, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017. According to scientists, a new record will be set in 2018. From year to year in the summer, the ice area in the Arctic is steadily decreasing, glaciers in Antarctica are melting, huge icebergs are breaking off from them, raising the level of the World Ocean. Vast areas are suffering from drought. (By the way, this year it has hit many countries; experts are already predicting a decline in harvests and an increase in food prices). All this obvious signs global warming.

Experts from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have delivered an unequivocal verdict. The planet is facing a global catastrophe. It is prophesied by supercomputers on which they calculate various models climate. Let's say, the average daily temperature in summer in cities such as Jerusalem, New York, Los Angeles and Mumbai will be +45 C. In London and Paris it will exceed 30 C. The same heat will come to Central Russia, including Moscow. There is almost a 100 percent chance that the Himalayan glaciers in the Everest region will melt. Another misfortune is the coming flood due to rising ocean levels. The ocean coasts will go under water, especially many largest cities world, such as Los Angeles, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo, Buenos Aires, etc.

Most scientists are unanimous: the climate catastrophe is caused by man himself, filling the atmosphere with a gigantic amount of carbon dioxide. According to estimates, throughout history we have been allocated to throw away 3,000 billion tons, we have already “spent” about 2,000 billion, and 1,000 billion remain. With current emissions of 50 billion tons per year, earthlings have only 20 years left to stop warming.

Temperature increase over the period 1850 - 2000. the largest in the last 1400 years, and in the 20th century the records follow each other. Current year could top this list

Today, the fate of humanity depends on just one number. The average increase in temperature on Earth until the end of the century should not exceed 2 degrees Celsius. Otherwise the climate will get to everyone. The response of earthlings to this challenge was the Paris Climate Agreement signed in 2015: 195 countries of the world pledged to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Of course, skeptics are confident that the agreement will remain on paper. However, although not 100 percent, it works. Thus, last year, for the first time in many years, carbon dioxide emissions decreased. Although total quantity continues to grow. According to scientists, the reason is the inertia of the process. Man has been dispersing it for many years, now it will take a lot of effort to stop it.

In Austria, service dogs are equipped with special boots to protect them from the heat. Photo: LPD Wien

But a number of scientists continue to insist that states will not be able to agree, and that the hour of “ICS” is rapidly approaching. And they offer to reflect sun rays, spraying large volumes of sulfur into the stratosphere. However, this idea has many shortcomings, and solutions must be sought to eliminate them.

Help "RG"

Climate vagaries now cost earthlings approximately $130 billion annually. The number of extreme weather events and damage from droughts, hurricanes and floods increases every year. In just the past seven years, the frequency of such anomalies has increased by almost 50 percent. In addition, extreme climates are harmful to health, promote the spread of infections, and increase pollution. environment.

The Japanese escape from high temperatures with the help of special devices. Photo: REUTERS

It is especially emphasized that last year the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere exceeded the psychologically significant mark of 400 ppm (parts per million). Last time a comparable number was five million years ago. Then the climate was warmer by 2-3 degrees, and the sea level was 10-20 meters higher than now due to the melting of the ice in Greenland and East Antarctica.

Panorama

Continents are asking for water

This week there are reports from all over the world about abnormal heat that has covered not only Europe, but also Asia and Latin America. Tragic news about the deaths of people who succumb to heatstroke or die from an exacerbation chronic diseases, side by side with curious and touching incidents.

Thus, photographs of the Vienna Police Department, where service dogs are in urgently put on special shoes. Dog handlers in Zurich took the same measures towards their pets. The asphalt in these cities gets so hot during the day and even in the morning that animals burn their paw pads. “Dog sneakers” had to be taken out of warehouses - they are usually used during search operations, when four-legged animals risk injury. Meanwhile, compassionate Englishmen are issuing instructions on how to help hedgehogs endure the heat: it is recommended to leave ordinary bowls of water on the streets for them. Well, in Finland, where the thermometer exceeded the record for this northern country mark of 33 degrees Celsius, deer stopped being afraid of people: they come straight to the beaches, to the banks of rivers and lakes, and greedily drink water, not paying attention to vacationers.

Shallowing large rivers in Central and Western Europe led not only to inevitable disruptions in shipping, but also to very unexpected effects. According to the Spiegel online portal, due to an unprecedented decrease in the water level in the Elbe (in the area of ​​the Magdeburg Bridge, it now barely covers the historical mark of 48 centimeters during the drought of 1934), in some places... ammunition from the Second World War appeared on the shallows. Over the past week alone, in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, employees of the police technical unit have discovered five areas where hand, rifle and anti-tank grenades and mines had been lying at the bottom for decades, and now they have literally “floated” to the surface. Sappers have already collected 21 finds - all specimens had to be urgently neutralized. But the abnormal heat that covered Albion unexpectedly became a real gift for English archaeologists, revealing traces of prehistoric monuments hitherto hidden under thick grass. For example, in fields across East Yorkshire, where the sun had scorched the fresh ears of corn, earthen ditches and markers of late Neolithic and early Iron Age buildings were revealed for the first time. Even fragments of Roman settlements were revealed to the eyes of amazed researchers. Well, in Nottinghamshire, on the territory of the protected Clumber Park, the “ghost” of a manor house, demolished in 1938, suddenly appeared. From a bird's eye view, you can now see the contours of the foundation that was once laid here with the layout of rooms and corridors, as well as the sundial that has sunk into oblivion! Even veteran museum workers who had worked in the park since the 1970s were not aware of such details. Europeans are also suffering on the other side of the English Channel. And the further south you go, the harder it is. The real “African” heat has reached Italy. The Republic's Ministry of Health has introduced the highest, "red" threat level in 18 major settlements due to the abnormally hot weather in the Apennines this week. The warning from the Ministry of Health primarily concerns central and northern regions countries. In particular, we're talking about about Rome, Milan, Turin, Venice, Bologna, Florence, Trieste, Verona - in most of these cities the thermometer exceeded the 40-degree mark. Yesterday was the hottest day in the Apennines this year: on Thursday the temperature rose to a record 43 degrees. It is not surprising that, against the backdrop of round-the-clock use of air conditioners and fans, electricity consumption in Italy has sharply increased and the threat of arbitrary blackouts has increased. Elderly people endure this heat the worst. IN last days There has been a sharp increase in reports of hospitalization of this particular category of citizens who sought emergency treatment. medical care due to severe headache, nausea and high temperature. According to meteorologists, the heat will last in the Apennines for at least another week.

FIVE MAJOR WEATHER ANOMALIES

First, let's try to understand what is happening with the weather in Russia and throughout the planet. And then we’ll figure out who is to blame for this and what will happen next.

Vadim Zavodchenkov, leading specialist at the Phobos center, compiled for “KP” a rating of weather anomalies that Russia experienced in May and early June 2017:

1. Hurricane in Moscow.

Wind gusts reached 30 meters per second, which has never happened in the entire history of meteorological observations. The hurricane was caused by cold atmospheric front. “Such fronts always come with rain, thunderstorms and strong winds. And although the process is classic, the degree of its development is extraordinary, due to the large temperature contrasts intensified by the metropolis: the asphalt warms up one and a half times more than the ground, and the greater the temperature contrast, the higher the wind speed,” says Vadim Zavodchenkov. No weather anomaly has caused so much damage in such a long time. short time- just a few hours.

2. Tornadoes in Tatarstan, Altai, and the Urals.

Extremely atypical phenomena for our country, especially at this time of year. This is the first time in history for Tatarstan; in Altai, tornadoes occur once every 10 years.

3. Cold temperature anomalies

The leader in cold weather is the center and the entire European part of Russia. Last May was the coldest in several decades, the temperature did not reach the climate norm by more than 3 degrees. Even in June we were hit by snowfall and night frosts! For the era of global warming in which we live, all this is very unusual.

4. Arctic invasions

But not all of Russia is freezing. IN southern Siberia- Barnaul, Krasnoyarsk, Abakan, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk - heat records were broken in May. But even there, waves of extreme heat were replaced by equally sharp cold snaps. “Usually in May there are two intrusions of arctic air in Siberia; this year there were four of them in a month. Such sudden and frequent weather changes are also non-standard phenomena. By the way, they were the causes of tornadoes: icy air from the Arctic collided with hot air, in contrast, powerful cumulus clouds, and under them the funnels of tornadoes were spinning,” explains the meteorologist.

5. Heavy rains and flooding in the Stavropol region and other regions of the North Caucasus.

THE ARCTIC IS WARMING - WE ARE FREEZING

The reason for all these anomalies in 2017 - warm, cold, wet and windy - oddly enough, is the same. Global warming, - assures Vadim Zavodchenkov.

Where is the logic? He is ready to explain:

Cold air is denser and heavier than warm air - we know this from school. On a scale Globe cold air from the poles, due to its weight under the influence of gravity, “flows” to the southern latitudes. And since the planet rotates counterclockwise, when viewed from above North Pole, in mid-latitudes air flows begin to move from west to east. This is how the west-east transfer occurs air masses, which creates normal, familiar weather for us. Cyclones come to the center of Russia from the Atlantic, bring rain, go further to the Volga and the Urals, in the intervals between cyclones it is sunny and dry. But this is normal. It's different now.

It's extremely warm in the Arctic: global warming at the poles it goes faster than the average on Earth. Spring 2017 average temperature in Arctic latitudes was 3 degrees higher than normal, in winter anomalies reached 6 degrees. Ice area in Severny Arctic Ocean in April was a record low for this time of year. A open water It is always warmer than ice, which also causes the air temperature to rise.

What's the result? The flow of cold air into southern latitudes is not as strong as usual. As a result, the west-east jet, which carries cyclones along their usual paths, also weakens. Instead, they rush around in a sinusoid: sometimes from north to south, sometimes from south to north. It's called meridional transport of air masses, and it increasingly determines our weather. The frequent Arctic invasions that I spoke about are precisely of this nature. Air from the north “falls” far to the south.

A cold May in the European part of Russia - the result of the so-called blocking. This is when meridional flows are squeezed by anticyclones and cannot move anywhere - the air flows from north to south or from south to north for weeks. Remember the heat of 2010? It was a blocking process. Now too, but with a different acquaintance. For a whole month, Moscow and neighboring regions received only cold air from the north.

Our expert is supported and general secretary World Meteorological Organization Petteri Taalas:

The poles influence weather in lower latitudes, where hundreds of millions of people live. Arctic warming and shrinkage sea ​​ice associated with extreme events such as prolonged cold spells, heat waves and droughts in the northern hemisphere, he quotes from the official WMO statement.

NOT JUST WARMING

In fact, any hints about global warming now sound like a mockery. Is snow in June your vaunted global warming? And the fact that on June 15 in Moscow is +15 degrees, too? Thank you!

What is happening to the climate on a scale not only of Russia, but of the entire planet? Tells Alexey Kokorin, Head of the Climate and Energy Program at the World Fund wildlife(WWF) in Russia:

- The planet Earth is definitely warming, and this is not my opinion, but a scientific, proven fact. But it's not that simple.

Yep, we already guessed it. If it were just warming, it would be hot now! I just want to be sarcastic. But let's listen further:

In all the oceans of the planet, the upper layer of water is gradually warming up, to a depth of 700 - 1000 meters. And even at a depth of 2 kilometers there is a noticeable increase in temperature. And the ocean is the main element climate system. The atmosphere, unlike the ocean, is very mobile and changeable. AND If there is definitely warming in the ocean, then in the atmosphere there is climate change.

Indeed: in almost all scientific (not Internet-newspaper) publications this very term is used - climate change, climate change, not global warming. Not because there is no warming. But because Warming is not the only and not the worst thing that is happening to the climate.

What's the worst thing? And what to do about it? Read on.

IN Central Russia there will be no summer, and there is abnormal heat in Siberia

Published 06/19/17 09:20

Scientists blamed China for the cold summer. And the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia has its own explanation.

June 15 became the coldest summer day in 67 years of weather observations. The air in Moscow warmed up to only 10 degrees, and in the morning it was 7-9 degrees.

Now scientists have found the culprit for the abnormally cold summer of 2017. It could be the Chinese satellite Mo Tzu, which participated in experiments on quantum travel. Measurements showed that on those days when the device was operating in full mode, the weather deteriorated sharply, it rained, and the winds increased, NSN reports.

However, according to them intkbbee According to him, the concentration of particles in the atmosphere will soon normalize. Now experts intend to study the influence of processes associated with quantum communication on the weather, since before the launch of the innovative satellite carried out by Chinese scientists, such factors had not been studied.

In the next 10 years, the climate is likely to be undulating, with frequent changes in higher and higher temperatures. low temperatures. The head of the Hydrometeorological Center, Roman Vilfand, told Rossiyskaya Gazeta about this.

According to him, there will be fewer normal average temperatures, but there will be more and more alternating rainy and dry periods. Also possible and anomalous warm winters, and frosts in summer. As for the immediate summer prospects for residents of Central Russia, according to the head of the Hydrometeorological Center, July still promises to please Muscovites and residents of the central regions warm weather, which will be several degrees higher than normal. And even full-fledged swimming season will be able to open. True, so far the water temperature in Moscow and Moscow region reservoirs does not exceed 14 degrees.

The next week, as Lyudmila Parshina, head of the laboratory of the Hydrometeorological Center, said, is expected to be moderately warm in the capital region. Daytime temperatures will fluctuate between 22-24 degrees, night temperatures -10-12 degrees. Possible rain.

As for other Russian regions, the temperature background is different everywhere - up to 40-degree heat, as in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo regions and in the Altai Territory, until night frosts, as in the Murmansk region.