Correct spelling of quotation marks in Russian. How to put double or double quotes correctly

Everywhere. Everywhere and wherever you look, you can see these constructions:

These “constructions” cause mixed reactions among literate people. At least like “is this really correct?”
In general, I personally cannot understand where the “fashion” of not closing outer quotes came from. The first and only analogy that comes to this is the analogy with parentheses. No one doubts that two brackets in a row is normal. For example: “Pay for the entire circulation (200 pieces (of which 100 are defective)).” But someone doubted the normality of putting two quotation marks in a row (I wonder who was first?)... And now everyone has become completely clear conscience to produce structures such as Firm Pupkov and Co. LLC.
But even if you have never seen the rule in your life, which will be discussed below, then the only logical option (using the example of brackets) would be the following: LLC Firm Pupkov and Co.
So, the rule itself:
If at the beginning or at the end of a quotation (the same applies to direct speech) there are internal and external quotation marks, then they should differ from each other in design (the so-called “herringbones” and “petals”), and the external quotation marks should not be omitted, for example: C The sides of the steamer radioed: “Leningrad has entered the tropics and is continuing on its course.” About Zhukovsky, Belinsky writes: “Contemporaries of Zhukovsky’s youth looked at him primarily as an author of ballads, and in one of his letters Batyushkov called him a “balladeer.”
© Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. - Tula: Autograph, 1995. - 192 p.
Accordingly... if you don’t have the opportunity to type Christmas tree quotes, then what can you do, you’ll have to use such “” icons. However, the inability (or unwillingness) to use Russian quotation marks is by no means a reason why you can not close external quotation marks.
Thus, the inaccuracy of the design of LLC "Firm Pupkov and Co" seems to have been sorted out. There are also constructions like LLC Firm "Pupkov and Co".
It is completely clear from the rule that such constructions are also illiterate... (Correct: LLC "Firm Pupkov and Co"
However!
The “Publisher and Author's Guide” by A.E. Milchin (2004 edition) states that two design options can be used in such cases. The use of “herringbones” and “legs” and (in the absence of technical means) the use of only “herringbones”: two opening ones and one closing one.
The directory is “fresh” and personally, I immediately have 2 questions here. Firstly, with what joy can one use one closing quotation mark (well, this is illogical, see above), and secondly, the phrase “in the absence of technical means” especially attracts attention. How is this, excuse me? Now open Notepad and type “only Christmas trees: two opening and one closing.” There are no such symbols on the keyboard. I can’t print “herringbone”... The combination Shift + 2 produces the sign " (which, as you know, is not a quotation mark). Now open Microsoft Word and press Shift + 2 again. The program will correct " to " (or "). Well, it turns out that the rule that existed for decades was taken and rewritten under Microsoft Word? Like, since the Word from the "Firm "Pupkov and Co" makes "Firm "Pupkov and Co", then let this now be acceptable and correct???
It seems so. And if this is so, then there is every reason to doubt the correctness of such an innovation.
Yes, and one more clarification... about the very “lack of technical means.” The fact is that on any computer with Windows there are always “technical means” for entering both “Christmas trees” and “legs”, so this new “rule” (for me it is in quotes) is incorrect from the very beginning!
All special characters in a font can be easily typed by knowing the corresponding number of that character. Just hold down Alt and type on the NumLock keyboard (NumLock is pressed, the indicator light is on) the corresponding symbol number:
„ Alt + 0132 (left “foot”)
“ Alt + 0147 (right foot)
« Alt + 0171 (left herringbone)
» Alt + 0187 (right herringbone)

What are quotation marks? What is the difference between quotes different designs?

Quotes - paired highlighter punctuation. They mark the left and right boundaries of a word or a segment of text; thus, quotation marks can be opening and closing quotation marks, with opening and closing quotation marks typically differing in design.

In Russian writing, the following types of quotation marks are most common:

“Christmas trees” (used in printed texts);

“paws” (used, as a rule, in handwritten texts);

‘Marr’s quotation marks’ (used to describe the meaning of a word and when translating the meaning of a foreign word, for example: the word “skimmer” is borrowed from the Polish language, in which it goes back to the verb szumować ‘to remove foam’ from szum ‘foam’);

“computer quotes” are quotes of a special type, in which the design of the opening and closing quotes is completely indistinguishable. Such quotation marks are found in texts typed on a computer keyboard.

Offtopic

A little technical trick. In any text typed on a computer, you can arrange “Christmas trees” yourself. To do this, you need to remember the following key combinations: press Alt, type 0171, release Alt - we get “. Press Alt, type 0187, release Alt - we get ".

About quotes inside quotes

If inside words enclosed in quotation marks there are other words, in turn enclosed in quotation marks, it is recommended (provided that there is technical possibility for this) to use quotation marks of different patterns: external ones - “herringbone”, internal ones - “paws” (or - in texts typed on a computer - “computer quotes”). If this is not possible, then closing quotes are placed only once. Quotes from the same picture are not repeated next to each other. For example:

Preferably: the work of V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, CJSC Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, LLC “Company “Metallinvest””.

Acceptable (if not technical feasibility use quotation marks of different designs): work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and on “imperialist economism””, CJSC Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, LLC “Company “Metallinvest”.

Wrong: work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and on “imperialist economism””, CJSC Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, LLC “Company “Metallinvest””.

When are quotation marks used?

In modern Russian, quotation marks perform the following functions:

1. Highlighting paragraph-free direct speech and quotes.

2. Identification of conventional (proper) names.

3. Highlighting words that are used in an unusual, ironic, special meaning.

Quotation marks for words not used in their usual meaning

Quotation marks for words used in an unusual, special, conventional, ironic meaning not only help the author of the text to draw the reader’s attention to a particular word or expression, but also make it possible to use lexical units belonging to a different style, for example, to use spoken word in a journalistic text (in such cases, quotation marks are often used by the author for “reinsurance”).

The first thing to note is that quotation marks for unusually used words are considered as an optional sign (in contrast to the mandatory use of quotation marks for proper names and direct speech).

They are highlighted with quotation marks.:

1) unusual, rarely used words that the author wants to draw attention to;

2) words used in a special way, unusual meaning;

3) words that represent little-known terms;

4) words are outdated or, conversely, completely new, if this feature is emphasized;

5) words used in an ironic sense;

6) words used in a conditional meaning (in relation to a situation or context).

It is often very difficult to distinguish between the “usual” and “unusual” meanings of a word:

Firstly, for this you need to have a highly developed linguistic sense,

Secondly, cases often arise when what is “usual” for one native speaker is “unusual” for another.

Finally, the “unusual” meaning of a word can become “habitual” over time. This is why placing quotation marks on unusually used words raises so many questions.

What should you be guided by when answering the question about putting quotation marks? Here are two simple rules:

Focus on dictionary entries in explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language: if the word (phrase) is already fixed in them, therefore, the meaning is not unusual and quotation marks are not needed;

Take into account the style of the text in which similar lexical units are found. Of course, most often they can be found in newspaper and magazine texts, but at the same time in “serious” media, offering readers materials on socio-political and social issues. significant topics, placing quotation marks on unusually used words is more appropriate than, for example, in newspapers and magazines aimed at a youth audience and writing on “light” topics, since when a word is used in an “unusual” meaning, it more often has a colloquial or colloquial connotation.

Words and phrases that do not require quotation marks

star(" famous person, artist")

gold ("award of the highest standard")

zest ("charm, sharpness")

zipper ("quick pull fastener")

tail ("exam debt")

velvet season

white salary

white gold

great dumb

blue fuel

luxury hotline

round table

bags under the eyes

gray salary

stronger sex

weaker sex

helpline

black gold

black box

The words following the phrase so-called are not enclosed in quotation marks. The exception is when these words are used in an unusual or ironic meaning.

Quotation marks for proper names

To answer the question of when names are placed in quotation marks, it is necessary to find out what types of proper names exist. The names can be divided into two large groups:

1. Compound names that are not conventional are real proper names. In such names all words are used in direct meaning. Such names are not highlighted with quotation marks; in them the first word and the proper names included in the name are written with a capital letter.

For example: State Russian Museum, Ostankino Museum of Serf Art, Moscow Drama Theater on Malaya Bronnaya, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, St. Petersburg state university, Moscow Printing House No. 2, Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications, Russian Football Union, State Prize, Guinness Book of Records, Great Patriotic War, Peter's era.

2. Conventional (symbolic) names enclosed in quotation marks.

Real proper names and conventional names differ primarily in syntactic compatibility (roughly speaking, one word depends on another: noun and adjective, noun and noun in the genitive case).

Compare: Bolshoi Theater, Satire Theater, Theater in the South-West- these are real proper names, they have syntactic compatibility, quotes are not needed.

But: Sovremennik Theater, School of Modern Play Theater– conventional names that are not syntactically combined with the generic word. They are enclosed in quotation marks. Similar: Friendship Park, but: Sokolniki Park, Communist Party Russian Federation, but: the Yabloko party, etc.

Let us list the main groups of conventional names enclosed in quotation marks:

Names of companies, institutions, organizations, societies: hotel "Russia", hotel "Metropol", confectionery factory "Red October", publishing house "Nauka".

Titles political parties: parties “Yabloko”, “Civil Power”, “ United Russia", "A Just Russia".

Names of domestic news agencies: Interfax news agency, RIA Novosti. The names of foreign news agencies are traditionally not enclosed in quotation marks: Agence France Presse, Agency United Press International.

Names of entertainment enterprises and institutions (theatres, cinemas, exhibition centers, etc.): cinema chains “Formula Kino”, “Cinema Star”, cinema “Five Stars”, theaters “Sovremennik”, “School of Modern Play”, Central Exhibition Manezh Hall, Children's Creativity Center "Theater on the Embankment", Theater Center "On Strastnom", Kinotavr festival.

Names of musical groups: chamber orchestra “Moscow Virtuosi”, groups “The Beatles”, “Rolling Stones”, “Factory”, “Strelki”, “City 312”.

Names of sports societies, teams, clubs: football clubs “Spartak”, “Zenit”, “Lokomotiv”, “Barcelona”, “Manchester United”, “Lazio”, “Beitar”, “Anderlecht”, hockey teams “Salavat Yulaev”, "Severstal", "Ak Bars". However, abbreviated names are written without quotation marks: CSKA, SKA.

Names of orders, medals, awards, insignia: Order “Mother Heroine”, Medal “Veteran of Labor”, “Golden Mask” Award, “Oscar” Award.

Names of periodicals (newspapers, magazines): newspapers “Arguments and Facts”, “Moskovsky Komsomolets”, magazines “Ogonyok”, “Russian Language Abroad”, including names that include generic names: “Newspaper”, “Nezavisimaya Gazeta” , "Russian Journal".

Document titles: Federal law dated December 23, 2003 N 177-FZ “On deposit insurance individuals in banks of the Russian Federation", Federal constitutional law"On the national anthem of the Russian Federation."

Titles of literary and scientific works, works of art: the novel “War and Peace”, the painting “The Apotheosis of War”, the opera “ Queen of Spades", the film "Moscow Doesn't Believe in Tears", the television series "Lost", including titles that include generic names: "A Novel Without Lies", "The Tale of a Real Man", "Optimistic Tragedy". Please note: if the name of a work of art consists of two titles connected by the union or, then a comma is placed before the union, and the first word of the second title is written with a capital letter: “The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath.”

Names of museums: Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, Krasnaya Presnya Museum. Please note: the names of foreign museums and art galleries such as the Prado Museum, Orsay Museum, Uffizi Gallery, etc. are written without quotation marks.

Titles natural disasters(hurricanes, typhoons, tornadoes): Typhoon Judy, Hurricane Katrina, Storm Noel, Cyclone Cider.

Names of production brands of technical products: cars “Volga”, “Toyota”, washing machine"Indesit", gas stove "Ardo".

Names of aircraft and means of space exploration; military equipment: Ruslan aircraft, Boeing 747, Discovery shuttle, Atlantis shuttle, Noud-2 docking module; ballistic missile"Topol", strike complex "Iskander-M".

Names related to the field of information technology (IT), including the names of Internet resources and web services: “Izvestia.Ru”, “Slovari.Ru”, “Strana.Ru”, “Yandex”, “Rambler”, “ Yandex.Photos", "Yandex.Dictionaries", reference and information systems and computer programs: systems “ConsultantPlus”, “1C: Enterprise”, names of tariff plans and services provided by companies - cellular operators and Internet providers: tariff plans “Unified”, “Mobile”, “Profi 1300 VIP”, “Call Xtreme”, "Stream 6", services "Who called?", "Account Analyzer", "Megafon.Bonus", "Service Guide".

Names of drugs, medical supplies. Please note: when using a name as a trademark medicines should be written with a capital letter in quotation marks: “Agri”, “Influvac”, “Aflubin”, “Fervex”, and in everyday use - with a lowercase letter without quotation marks, for example: drink Fervex, take Viagra. Some names of drugs that have come into wide use due to many years of use (validol, analgin, aspirin) are also written with a lowercase letter without quotation marks.

Titles food products, including alcoholic beverages. Please note: when used as a trademark, the names of food products are capitalized in quotation marks: “Creamy” waffles, “Kartoshka” cake, “Chinese” salad, “Lyubitelsky” carbonade, “Mozzarella” cheese, “Tartar” sauce, liqueur Baileys, Beaujolais Nouveau wine, Cinzano Bianco vermouth, Black Card coffee. The names of products in everyday use are written with a lowercase letter without quotation marks: amateur sausage, Borodino bread, Olivier salad, potato cake. Without quotation marks, the names of varieties of wines, mineral waters and other drinks are written with a lowercase letter: merlot, chardonnay, riesling, port, borjomi.

The names of types and varieties of agricultural crops, vegetables, flowers, etc. are terms of agronomy and horticulture. Unlike the names listed above, these names are written in quotation marks with a lowercase letter: Victoria strawberry, Chardonnay grape, Black Prince tulip.

Particularly difficult is writing car names..

Directories recommend writing the names of car brands in quotation marks with a capital letter: Volga, Volvo, Nissan, Skoda cars, and the names of the cars themselves as technical products - with a lowercase letter in quotation marks (except for names that coincide with proper names– personal and geographical). For example: “Cadillac”, “Muscovite”, “Toyota”, “Nissan”, but: “Volga”, “Oka” (the same as proper names, so they are written with a capital letter).

Exceptions: “Zhiguli”, “Mercedes” (the same as proper names, but written in lowercase). However, in practice, it is often difficult to distinguish in which case the name is the name of the car brand, and in which the name of a technical product: He prefers “Toyota” / “Toyota” to all cars. In controversial cases, the decision to write with a capital or lowercase letter is made by the author of the text.

Names written in Latin letters are not enclosed in quotation marks: cars Toyota Yaris, Peugeot 306, Daewoo Matiz, Škoda Fabia, Lada Priora.

Ambiguous names (make and model of the car), written in Cyrillic, are written with a hyphen, while all parts of the name are written with a capital letter: “Lada-Priora”, “Toyota-Corolla”, “Renault-Megan”, “Nissan-Teana”, "Hyundai Getz", "Nissan Almera Classic", "Suzuki Grand Vitara". But: “Volkswagen Beetle” (echoes a common noun).

Abbreviated names are written without quotation marks: ZIL, VAZ, KamAZ.

In everyday use, the names of vehicles are written without quotation marks, for example: I arrived in an old Muscovite (in a luxurious Cadillac). Colloquial names of cars with diminutive suffixes are also written without quotation marks, for example: Muscovite, Fordik, UAZ.

Numerous questions also arise when writing names and nicknames of people, animal names, as well as geographical names. We will try to answer the most frequently asked questions.

Nicknames are written without quotation marks both in cases where the nickname comes after the name (Vsevolod the Big Nest, Richard the Lionheart), and when the nickname is located between the first and last names: Garik Bulldog Kharlamov, Pavel Snezhok Volya, Dwayne the Rock Johnson;

Animal names are not enclosed in quotation marks and are written with a capital letter: Barbos the dog, Matroskin the cat, Woof the kitten, Boniface the lion. However, if individual names are used as general names of animals, they are written with a lowercase letter: murka, zhuchka, watchdog, savraska, burenka. The names of animal breeds are also written with a lowercase letter without quotation marks: Kholmogorka cow, poodle dog.

The names of railway stations and train stations are written without quotation marks, all words except generic designations are written in capital letters: stations Fili, Uzlovaya, Podsolnechnaya, 125 km, Stroitel, Dachnaya, Rabochiy Poselok.

Reference manuals recommend writing the names of airports without quotation marks, but in recent years there has been a strong tendency to enclose these names in quotation marks. Perhaps such writing will soon be recognized as normative. However, now it is better to write without quotes: Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, Pulkovo, Boryspil airports.

The names of metro stations are enclosed in quotation marks (in texts, but not on maps and diagrams and not on the stations and stops themselves!), the first word of such names is written with a capital letter (it may be the only one), as well as all those words that are written with capital letter as part of the corresponding toponyms: metro stations “Fili”, “Pionerskaya”, “Sviblovo”; “Vyborgskaya”, “Avtovo”, “Elektrosila”; “Prospekt Mira”, “Kuznetsky Most”, “Okhotny Ryad”; “Gostiny Dvor”, “Old Village”; “Street of 1905”, “Sparrow Hills”, “Sretensky Boulevard”, “Filyovsky Park”; "Ligovsky Prospekt", "Technological Institute".

The names of districts, microdistricts (urban microtoponymic names) are written without quotation marks: districts Marfino, Kurkino, Lyublino, Moskvorechye-Saburovo, Biryulyovo Western. However, the conventional names of residential areas, areas and individual houses are placed in quotation marks, accompanied by the words residential area, HOA (homeowners' association), SZD (social residential building), etc., for example: residential area "Parus", residential area "Pobeda", residential complex "Breeze", HOA "Novobrodovsky", SZD "Mitino", farm "Stolyarovo", substation "Dachnaya".

The names of directions, routes, trains are subject to the following rule: when designating spatial limits between geographical names a dash is added. Names are written in capital letters without quotation marks. For example: the Kyiv - Simferopol route, the Moscow - Kyiv train, the Moscow - Uglich - Moscow route, an oil pipeline Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean. However, the conventional names of roads and routes are placed in quotation marks; oil pipelines, gas pipelines, etc.: the Kholmogory, Caspian, Don, Ural, Crimea, Ussuri highways, the Blue Stream gas pipeline, the Druzhba oil pipeline.

Quotation marks in abbreviated names of institutions, organizations, companies

Complex abbreviated names

The use of quotation marks for complex abbreviated words depends primarily on the semantics of the name. The names of government agencies are not enclosed in quotation marks, including:

Unofficial names of legislative and executive authorities (ministries, federal agencies, federal services, committees, etc.), for example: State Duma, Moscow City Duma, Rosobrnadzor, Central Election Commission, Ministry of Economic Development, Moscow Heritage Committee;

Names of government agencies without a generic word, for example: Mosgortrans, Mosvodokanal. However, when used with a generic word, quotation marks are placed: State Unitary Enterprise “Mosgortrans”, Moscow State Unitary Enterprise “Mosvodokanal”.

Unlike the names of government institutions, complex abbreviated names of commercial organizations are written in quotation marks (both in the presence of a generic word and in its absence): “Rosgosstrakh” and the company “Rosgosstrakh”, “Technopromexport” and OJSC “Technopromexport”, “Stroymontazh” and CJSC “ Stroymontazh", "Metrogiprotrans" and OJSC "Metrogiprotrans", "Gazprom Neft" and OJSC "Gazprom Neft", "Surgutneftegaz" and OJSC "Surgutneftegaz", "LUKoil" and OJSC "LUKoil" (also OJSC "Oil Company LUKoil" .

It should be noted that some names of the largest companies, for example Gazprom, AvtoVAZ, etc., experience fluctuations in spelling when used without a generic word; in the presence of a generic word, placing quotation marks is beyond doubt: Gazprom OJSC, AvtoVAZ OJSC.

A note about money. The name Sberbank of Russia is written without quotation marks. This example can be considered unique: the absence of quotation marks with this name is explained both by the history of its use and by extralinguistic reasons. Despite the fact that Sberbank of Russia is currently a commercial organization, many native speakers still associate it with a government institution (at Sberbank you can receive a pension, pay public utilities etc.).

Names – initial abbreviations

Names that are abbreviations of the initial type are also formatted differently. Abbreviations derived from real proper names are not enclosed in quotation marks. Among them:

Initial abbreviations - names government agencies, including ministries, law enforcement agencies (modern and historical), etc., for example: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ministry of Internal Affairs), State Traffic Safety Inspectorate (State Security Inspectorate) traffic), OMON (Special Purpose Police Unit), FSB ( Federal service security), SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service), PFR (Russian Pension Fund);

Names of political parties: Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Communist Party of the Russian Federation), LDPR (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia), SPS (Union of Right Forces), BYuT (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc);

Names of educational, scientific, entertainment institutions: IRYa RAS (Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences), MGIMO (Moscow state institute international relations), RUDN University (Russian Peoples' Friendship University), MARCHI (Moscow Architectural Institute), Moscow Art Theater (Moscow Art Theatre), State Tretyakov Gallery (State Tretyakov Gallery);

Names of international organizations: WTO (World trade organization), WHO ( World organization health), IOC (International Olympic Committee), IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency).

At the same time, abbreviations of the initial type are written in quotation marks, which are an abbreviation of the conventional name. Among them:

Names of periodicals: “RG” (“Rossiyskaya Gazeta”), “AiF” (“Arguments and Facts”), “MK” (“Moskovsky Komsomolets”), “NG” (“Nezavisimaya Gazeta”), “SE” (“ Sport Express"), etc.;

Names of political parties: “PR” (“Patriots of Russia”), “SR” (“A Just Russia”); The abbreviation “ER” (“United Russia”) is placed in quotation marks inconsistently.

Names of commercial organizations appearing in combination with the generic word: OJSC "MTT" (OJSC "Interregional TransitTelecom"), OJSC "Russian Railways" (OJSC "Russian railways"), OJSC "MTS" (OJSC "Mobile TeleSystems").

As for the abbreviated names of commercial organizations used without a generic word (MTT, MTS, Russian Railways), in modern written speech they behave extremely inconsistently: in some cases they are enclosed in quotation marks, in some cases they are written without quotation marks. However, it should be recognized that it is preferable to enclose such names in quotation marks, since this makes the text easier for the reader to understand.

Note. Abbreviated names of sports teams are not enclosed in quotation marks (both in the presence and absence of a generic word): SKA, CSKA, PFC CSKA. The tradition of not putting abbreviated names of sports teams in quotation marks dates back to the first third of the 20th century, when the number of such names was much larger.

For clarity, all the recommendations formulated above are shown in the following table.

Quotation marks in names written in Latin letters

Introductory Notes. None of the modern spelling reference books recommend using quotation marks in names written in Latin characters. The recommendations below are formulated based on observations of modern written language.

In modern Russian texts, names are very often written in letters of the Latin alphabet or using two alphabets (Cyrillic and Latin). This mainly concerns the names of foreign brands of equipment and electronics products, which often combine Latin writing with official serial designations, which are complex complexes of numbers, uppercase and lowercase letters ( Voxtel RX11 phones, Sony Ericsson K610i red, Nokia 6131, Samsung D520, Canon A410 camera, BBK DV311SL DVD player, Honda Civic, Mazda 323, Mitsubishi Colt cars). In addition, the names of some means are written in Latin letters in modern texts. mass media (magazines Automobil Review, Total DVD, Russian Mobile, newspapers Moscow Times, PC Week), commercial firms and banks ( British Airways, Bank of America), as well as various city objects - shops, restaurants, cafes, clubs, hairdressers, etc. At the same time, writing the name in Latin does not always indicate that we're talking about about a foreign brand (such as McDonald's or Ikea), often the names of domestic organizations, enterprises, and trademarks are written in letters of the Latin alphabet ( cafe N-Joy, shopping mall XL, Bolero store, Click-Net computer club, Glamor beauty salon), whose owners strive in this way - by writing in Latin - to attract the attention of potential customers.

Examples from modern journalistic texts(published in both print and electronic media) indicate that in Russian writing there has been a strong tradition of not putting proper names written in Latin in quotation marks. In this case, the absence of quotation marks is determined precisely by the Latin alphabet; as a rule, it does not depend either on the number of words in the name, or on the presence or absence of a generic word in the name.

The absence of quotation marks in names written in Latin can be recommended in relation to all groups of names used in Russian texts. Among them:

Names of organizations, institutions, banks, firms, for example: Intel, Fashion LLC, Air France, British Airways, California Cleaners, Carven beauty salon, American Express Bank, Netland Internet center, La Fontana restaurant, Tabula Rasa club, design bureau Phoenix Design, an LG Electronics company.

Names of sports societies, musical groups, for example: groups Lordi, Rammstein, Bee Gees, Rolling Stones, football club PSV Eindhoven.

Names of electronic resources, for example: KM-News news agency, Delfi portal, search engine Yahoo.

Names of trademarks, conventional names of food, perfume and other goods, medicines, alcoholic beverages, for example: Christian Lacroix Rouge eau de parfum, Palmolive shower gel, Triple Blade shaving system, Armani jeans, Dolce & Gabbana jacket, Global Village juice, Tuborg Green beer, Oro Verde olives.

Names of manufacturing brands of technical products and the products themselves, for example: Kraftway Idea personal computers, Apple iMac, Mitsubishi Colt, Chevrolet Lacetti, Daewoo Matiz, Mazda 323, Peugeot 207, Volvo S80, Canon A410 camera, Multiquick System mixer system, Campaver heated towel rail Bains.

However, when there is a combination of two (or more) names written in Latin in the text, it is preferable to use quotation marks to prevent the reader from misunderstanding the text. For example: new series microwave ovens from Samsung “Aqua”.

The question of the advisability of using quotation marks in the names of literary and scientific works, works of art, documents, periodicals, etc. is controversial: newspapers Financial Times, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Moscow News, Bravo, Classic Rock, People magazines, song Believe me, film Tomorrow Never Dies. Due to the semantics of these names, enclosing them in quotation marks may be preferable. The final decision on placing quotation marks in such cases is made by the author of the text.

In Russian, when typing text, there are different ways to display quotation marks. This punctuation mark is paired and serves to highlight quotes and different names. In another way, the “herringbone” quotes are also called “French”, since it is assumed that they were invented by the Frenchman Guillaume Le Be.

How to put Christmas tree quotes

IMPORTANT! Ways to print Christmas tree quotes in popular programs:

Word: in order for the Christmas tree quotes to appear in the text of the document, you need to check whether the layout for the Russian language is enabled in the lower right corner of the screen, and with this layout press and hold the SHIFT button; then press the number 2 button - the sign “ should be displayed. After this, a word is written that will be displayed in quotation marks. Next, press and hold the SHIFT key again and press button 2.
REFERENCE! The SHIFT key must be held down, not pressed, one or more times, and press 2 (SHIFT + 2) at the same time as SHIFT.

Excel: Since this editor is not a text editor, the method for Word will not work. The simplest method in this case is to copy the herringbone quotation mark from Word and paste it into Excel. If the document already has quotation marks of another type (English double quotes, for example), then you need to hold CTRL, press H (CTRL + H) and replace the sign with the symbol "or " copied from Word.
Photoshop: similar to Excel - copy from Word the right sign(" or ").

Other ways to print Christmas tree quotes

IMPORTANT! To display Christmas tree quotes in the program you need, there are other methods:

Using keyboard shortcuts (ALT+0171). In any editor (Word, Excel, Photoshop, etc.) hold down ALT and on the keyboard on the right press the numbers 0171 one by one.
HELP!The NumLock indicator should light up. ALT + 0171 - for the „ sign, and ALT + 0187 - for the “ sign.

Using HTML code: If you are writing HTML code, then for the Christmas tree quotes, use the codes " and " respectively.
Using symbols without a keyboard: in Word and Excel, click “Insert” - “Symbol”; select the desired sign.

What other quotes are there?

Herringbone quotation marks are far from the only type of quotation marks; there are also:

“German quotation marks” (“paws”);
"English double";
‘English singles’;
"Polish quotes";
"Swedish reverse"
REFERENCE! For the " sign, you can use the keyboard shortcut ALT + 34 on the NumLock keyboard.

In everyday life, Christmas tree quotation marks are often called “Russian”, meaning their use with the Russian language layout. SHIFT + 2 is the simplest key combination for typing these quotes in text editors.

Paired punctuation is primarily used to convey ironic meaning or to highlight quotations, direct speech, and references. It happens that the author puts words or phrases in quotation marks because the term he uses is not known to everyone, or tries to emphasize the meaning of the phrase in an unusual sense, thereby probably ridiculing some character from his story. In the variations below, the user will be able to choose the appropriate way to write a punctuation mark and easily put quotation marks in Word. There are several types that have individual names and can be found in any text document.

Types of quotation marks

These types of paired signs are the main ones:

“French” - also called “Triangular”, best known under the term “Christmas trees”, sometimes called “Angle quotes”;
“English Doubles” or “Singles” are known as the “foots” located at the top.
“German” - have a second name - “spread paws”;

Sometimes the "word" is enclosed in the upper even symbols.

Single and double sign - “Herringbone”

When working with a text editor, you often have to set different symbols and punctuation marks. It is believed that printed quotation marks must be used in documentation, and in a handwritten document in the form of double commas. It is not always possible to put quotation marks in Word the first time, although if you remember the key combination correctly once, then the next time, for example, inserting a herringbone quotation mark will not be so difficult.

Option 1: Single corner quotes

Set using the key combination Shift + “B” and “U”. To make it open:

Change the keyboard layout “Shift+Alt” to English;
Hold down the “Shift” button and click on the letter “B”;
Write the required word.

To add a private one:

Change the keyboard layout to English;
Hold down the “Shift” button and click on the letter “Y”;
Added single corner signs.
Change the layout to Russian and continue working.

Option 2: Paired punctuation mark “Herringbone”

You can put up a “Christmas tree” in the following ways:

Method 1

The easiest and most quickly remembered method is the key combination “Shift+2”. Need to:

Place the mouse pointer at the desired location;
Switch the letter input method to the Russian keyboard (if necessary) using the combination “Shift + Alt”;
Hold down the "Shift" key and click on the number "2" on the top numeric pad of the keyboard.
Enter the corresponding word and repeat points 2 and 3.

Note! Pay attention to the cursor, it must be separated from the previous word by a space, otherwise the result will not be an opening herringbone quotation mark, but a closing one.

It is mandatory to include spaces and check for their presence.

Method 2

Paired herringbone quotes can be placed using code. Be sure to enable the “Num lock” button.

1) To open a double quote you need to:

“ - hold down the “Alt” button and dial four numbers “0171”. Use the numeric keypad, which is located to the right of the alphabetic keypad.

Attention! Don't forget to activate the "Num LOCK" button.

2) To close the sign:

" - also hold down "Alt" and type "0187".

The only difference is in the codes, the main thing is not to confuse them and then double Christmas trees can be easily printed.

Method 3

This way of writing double triangle quotes is quite simple. Using the “Symbol” function in Word, a huge number of symbols are inserted and the triangular punctuation mark is no exception. Follow these steps:

Open the “Insert” section in the main menu, click on the “Symbol” button and “Other symbols”;
In the “Symbol” pop-up window, indicate in the “Set” field - “Additional Latin-1”;
Select the desired double quote and click on “Insert”;
Ready!

Method 4

If you want to surprise others, then this method is definitely for you. Necessary:

Switch to English layout (Shift+Alt);
Type the letters “ab” and press the “Alt” and “X” buttons simultaneously - the result will be an opening character (“);
The closing symbol is placed like this: “bb” and pressing the “Alt” and “X” buttons - as a result () the symbol is ready.

Uppercase single and double quotes “Paws”

Traditional quotation marks in Russian writing are considered to be paired punctuation marks similar to “paws”. If you need to indicate the meaning of a word, a translation from another language, or an excerpt from a quote, use upper and lower commas to help. We’ll look at how to place such signs a little below. There are two ways to make quotation marks with commas in Word:

Option 1: ‘Single feet’

Single 'quote commas' are done as follows:

Place the mouse pointer where you need a single character;
Switch to English letter input (Shift+Alt);
Turn on “Num LOCK”;
Hold “Alt” and enter the numbers (0145) - open the quote, and close (0146). Use the number pad to dial numbers.
The result is in the picture below.

Option 2: “Double”

This can be done in several ways:

Method 1.

You need to know the character code and add just a little manipulation with the key combination. Follow the steps:

Hold down the Alt key and type to open “0147” and close “0148”.
You will get the upper “comma quotes”.

Attention! You need to work with the numeric keyboard, which is located to the right of the alphabetic one.

Method 2.

Let's learn how to insert quotation marks with commas using the letter "E". To do this you need:

Place the mouse cursor in the desired location;
Enable English layout using the combination (Shift+Alt);
Hold "Shift" and click on the letter "E". Clicking the letter “E” again will add a closing quotation mark in the form of commas.
Ready! Compare the result with the picture below.

Option 3. Expanded

There is another easy way to make quotation marks with commas in Word. They will only turn out in a position turned away from each other. The symbol will open from the bottom and close from the top. Here's what you need for this.

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