Algorithm for completing Unified State Exam tasks

in Russian.

Part 1.

Task 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

Algorithm for completing the task:

Task 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the text carefully.

2. By sequentially selecting the proposed means of communication, establish a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it. This technique will help you determine which word should be in the gap.

Task 3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word (………). Determine the meaning in which this word is used (…….) in the sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. read the assignment carefully;
2. find the specified offer;
3. include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis;
4. listen to the new sound and meaning of the sentence;
5. determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

• if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;
• if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is correct.

Task 4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

Remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task.

agent, Augustowsky, agency, agony, acropolis, alcohol, alphabet, anapest, anatom, antithesis, apostrophe, watermelon, arrest, aristocracy, argument, asymmetry, astronom, Atlas (collection geographical maps), atlas (fabric), bourgeoisie, being, bureaucracy, airports	SCAM, crimson, run, pamper, pampered, pampered, bow (bAnta, bows) barman, unrestrained, birch bark and birch bark, gas pipeline, Blagovest, favor, block, bombard, barrel, delusional and delusional, armor (assigning something to someone), armor (protective plating), bakery, bourgeoisie, sandwich, being, bureaucracy	gross, boil (cook, boil, boil, boil), watchman, willow, veterinarian, turn on, water supply, Volgoda, wolf (Volka, Wolves, Wolves), thief (thieves, vorOV, vorAM, about thieves), magic, invest, Concave, alarm, exorbitantly expensive gas pipeline, gastronomy, hectare, genesis, citizenship, grenadier, pear	cousin, maiden, democracy, department, despot, hyphen, act, diagnosis, dialogue, dispensary, white, prey, dogma, agreement, contractual, naked, red, document, report, naked, dosinya, leisure, daughter, dramaturgy, dormant, confessor, heretic, blinds, muzzle, life,
book, (assign something to someone), book (cover with armor), enviably, bent, conspiracy (secret agreement), conspiracy (spell), bent, long, frosty, busy (person), busy (with someone ), cork, corked, moldy, seal up, sealed, powder, call (call, call, call), winterer, malice, significance, significance, sagacity, jagged scoop, ladle, cleaner, chassis, seamstress, ROUGH, syringes, sorrel, crushed stone, chips, chips, Excursion, expert, export, equipped, express, epilOg, pullOver Legally Divine	religion, exhaust, flounder, catalog, rubber, cough, quarter, cedar, kilometer, cinematography, pantry, whooping cough, college, colossus, compass, complex, self-interest, prettier, nettle, flint, cooking, kitchen, aches, hunk, blade, scoot (waste, leftovers), flap (piece of fabric), alluring, masterfully, medicines, glimpses, manager, metallurgy, meager (minuscule is allowed), youth, milkman, monologue, ordeal,	naked, naked (cut), naked (hold checkers), bent over, over a long time, intention, tilt, backhand, begin, begun, arrears, illness, obituary, hatred, unpretentious, oil pipeline, newborn, provision, facilitate, aggravate, embraced, embraced, facilitate, encourage, lend, embittered, wholesale, inform, edge, uncork, adolescence, partly, paralysis, parter, plowing, firstborn, mold, pizzeria, offer, fable, understood, understood, understood, raised, midday, briefcase, pedestal, funeral, at the funeral, plateau, anticipate, undertaken, pass, reward, bonus, ovOr, dowry	knowledgeable, beets, silage, orphan, orphans, plum case, condolence, convocation, concentration, means, statue, status, statute, shorthand, joiner, vessel, bent, thereOzhnya, dancer, cakes, cakes, shoe, decoration, speed up, deepen, coal, Ukrainian, improve, dead, mentioned, mention, strengthen, aggravate, facsimile, porcelain, extravaganza, phenomenon, fetish, fluorography, flyleaf, form, haos, characteristic (typical), characteristic (actor), intercessor, intercession, intercession, well-groomed (adj.), well-groomed (adj.), Christian, Christ-seller, cement, chain, gypsy,

Task 5. In one of the sentences below WRONG The highlighted word is used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. Algorithm for completing the task:

• read all proposals carefully;
• determine the lexical meanings of each of the paronym words by selecting synonyms and antonyms or taking into account what words each of them can be combined with;
• indicate the correct answer.

Addressee - addressee. Addressee - the person or organization to whom it is addressed postal item(recipient); addressee - the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).

Anecdotal - anecdotal. Anecdotal - inherent in an anecdote, based on an anecdote (anecdotal story); anecdotal - ridiculous, ridiculous (anecdotal case).

Archaic - archaic. Archaic - characteristic of antiquity (archaic view), archaic - out of use, not corresponding to new views, rules (archaic use).

Everyday - everyday. Weekday - not a holiday (weekday); everyday - prosaic, monotonous (everyday work).

Inhale - sigh. Inhale - absorb, draw in air (inhale oxygen), inspire something (inhale courage); sigh - let out a sigh (breathe with relief); rest a little (let me breathe); yearn, be sad (sigh for children).

Educational - educational. Educational - related to education (educational system); educational - related to the teacher (educational room).

Everyone - everyone. Everyone - everyone (every minute); all kinds - the most diverse (all kinds of searches).

Elective - selective. Elective - relating to elections, elected by voting (elected position); selective - partial (spot check)

Harmonic - harmonious. Harmonic - related to harmony (harmonic series); harmonious - harmonious, coordinated (harmonious personality).

Main - capital. Main - main, most significant, central, senior (main street); capital - related to the title (title role).

Engine - mover. Engine - a machine that sets in motion, force (electric motor); mover - that which sets in motion, contributes to it (the mover of society, progress is outdated).

Democratic - democratic. Democratic - related to democracy, democrat (democratic camp); democratic - characteristic of democracy, democrat (democratic act).

Dynamic - dynamic.Dynamic - related to dynamics, movement (dynamic theory); dynamic - having great internal energy (dynamic pace).

Diplomatic - diplomatic.Diplomatic - related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post); diplomatic - subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).

Long - long. Long - having a large length (long report); long - long-term (long vacation, long period).

Voluntary - volunteer. Voluntary - performed without coercion (voluntary labor); volunteer - relating to a volunteer (volunteer initiative, volunteer army).

Dramatic - dramatic. Dramatic - expressing strong feelings, full of drama (dramatic situation); dramatic - related to drama (drama club).

Friendly - friendly. Friendly - relating to a friend, friends (friendly meeting); friendly - based on friendship (friendly country).

Pathetic - pitiful. Pathetic - expressing grief, melancholy, suffering; plaintive, sad (pathetic voice); compassionate - prone to pity, sympathy; compassionate, touching (compassionate words, people).

Spare - thrifty. Spare - available as a reserve (emergency exit); thrifty - able to stock up (thrifty person).

Angry - malicious . Evil - filled with feelings of enmity (angry person); malicious - having a bad purpose, deliberate (malicious defaulter).

Executive - performing. Executive - diligent, with the goal of accomplishing something (executive worker); performing - relating to the performer (performing skill).

Traveler - business traveler. Seconded - a person on a business trip (seconded specialist); travel - related to a traveler (travel expenses).

Comical - comical. Comic - related to comedy (comic character); comical - funny (comical look).

Critical - critical. Critical - related to criticism (critical article); critical - having the ability to criticize (critical approach).

Logical - logical. Logical - related to logic (logical thinking); logical - correct, reasonable, consistent (logical reasoning).

Methodical - methodical. Methodical - related to methodology (methodological conference); methodical - exactly following the plan (methodical work).

Hateful - hateful. Hateful - imbued with hatred (hateful actions); hated - causing hatred (hated enemy).

Intolerable - intolerant. Unbearable - one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold); intolerant - unacceptable (intolerant attitude).

Impoverish - impoverish. To become poor - to become poor (to become poor as a result of inflation); impoverish - make poor (impoverish life).

Dangerous - wary. Dangerous - associated with danger (dangerous bridge); cautious - acting cautiously (cautious person).

Misprint - unsubscribe . A typo is an accidental mistake when writing (an unfortunate typo); unsubscribe - an answer that does not affect the essence of the matter (impudent unsubscribe).

Master - master. Master - learn to use something, include it in your circle of activities (master the production of new products); learn - make it habitual; understand, remember (learn what you read).

Organic - organic. Organic - related to the plant or animal world (organic matter); organic - inextricably linked, natural (organic integrity).

Condemnation - discussion. Conviction - an expression of disapproval, passing a sentence (conviction of a criminal); discussion - comprehensive consideration (discussion of the problem);

Responsible - responsible.Responsive - being a response (response); responsible - responsible, important (responsible worker).

Reportable - distinct. Reporting - related to the report (reporting period); distinct - clearly distinguishable (distinct sound).

Political - political. Political - related to politics ( politician); political - acting diplomatically, carefully (political hint).

Understanding - understandable.Intelligent - quickly understands (an understanding person); understandable - clear (understandable reason).

Representative - representative.Representative - making a favorable impression (presentable appearance); representative - elected (representative body); related to the representation, representative (representation expenses).

Presentation - provision.Presentation - presentation for familiarization, nomination for encouragement (presentation of characteristics); provision - placing something at someone's disposal (providing a loan).

Noticeable - noticeable. Perceptive - capable of noticing (observant critic); noticeable - noticeable (noticeable displeasure).

Realistic - realistic. Realistic - following realism (realistic painting); realistic - corresponding to reality, quite practical (realistic goal).

Hidden - secretive. Hidden - secret, invisible ( hidden threat); secretive - not frank (secretive person).

Tactical - tactical. Tactful - possessing tact (tactful act); tactical - related to tactics (tactical task).

Technical - technical.Technical - related to technology (technical progress); technical - possessing high skill (technical actor).

Lucky - lucky.Lucky - happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer); successful - successful (lucky day).

Actual - factual. Actual - corresponding to the facts (actual state of affairs); factual - containing many facts (factual report).

Master - economic. Master - related to the owner; such as a good owner (owner's interest); economic - occupied with the economy, associated with the economy (economic issues).

Explicit - obvious.Explicit - obvious, unconcealed (obvious superiority); distinct - distinct, clearly distinguishable (clear whisper).

Task 6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form.Correct the errorand write the word correctly.

Find errors in education and use

• case forms of numerals;
• numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred;
• collective numbers, including numerals both, both;
• comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs;
• nominative and genitive case plural of some nouns;
• forms imperative mood some verbs.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Determine which part of speech this word belongs to.

2. If this name is a numeral, remember that

• for complex cardinal numeralsboth parts bow;

Cases	From 50 - 80	200, 300, 400	From 500 – 900
	Fifty Five and ten and Five and ten and Fifty Five ten ten about five and ten and	Two hundred Two hundred Dv um st am Two hundred Dv umya st ami o two uh st ah	Five hundred Five and hundred Pyat i st am Five hundred Five hundred ami about heels and sts

• when declension of compound ordinal numbers changes only last word;
• numeral both used with masculine and neuter nouns, and both – feminine;

Cases	M., Wed. genus	J. genus
	Both Both Both Both Both about both	Both Both Both Both Both About both

• collective numbers (two, three, fouretc.) are used with nouns denoting male persons, names of baby animals, paired objects or having only a plural form.

3. If this name is an adjective, make sure that the forms of degrees of comparison are formed correctly. Remember: you cannot mix simple and compound forms of degrees of comparison.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Comparative		Excellent
simple	composite	simple	composite
beautiful less deeper	more beautiful less beautiful	beautiful greatest the most difficult	the most beautiful the most beautiful

Degrees of comparison of adverbs
comparative		excellent
simple	composite	composite
Her(s) - hurt - sick her, sick of her E - easy - lighter e - thinner - thinner	adverb + more (less) more subtle less interesting	comparative degree+ pronoun everyone, everything: did best of all (all)

4. If it is a verb, pay attention to the correct formation

• imperative forms;
• Past tense forms used without a suffix are –NU-.

(There is - well - there is an error in the verb - the correct answer)

5. If it's a noun, make sure it's formed correctly.

• forms nominative case plural;
• genitive plural forms.

NOMINATIVE PLURAL m. kind
With the ending -a, -i (emphasis on ending)		With the ending -ы, -и ( emphasis on base) influence of the dual number)
Addresses, coast, century, fan, director, doctor, gutter, inspector, boat, clover, feed, box, body, seine, district, vacation, passport, cook, professor, variety, watchman, haystack, paramedic, outhouse, stable, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk.		sentences, mines, editors, snipers, tractors, cakes, fronts, drivers.
volumes		Bakery mechanics
Thor, -sor stylistically neutral: directors		1. Animated foreign language nouns. on-er, -yor: engineers 2. Inanimate. foreign words in Thor, -sor: processors 3. Animated foreign language nouns. on Thor with a bookish touch: editors.
Remember: oil – plural. h. - oil A		cream - plural – cream s (not cream but)
male	female		average
banknotes giraffe hall adjustment piano roofing felt tulle shampoo	sandal, boot cuff, callus sneaker reserved seat gravy (with gravy) slipper shoe (no shoes) surname		bast tentacle

Task 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

1. Look for errors in sentences:

1) with homogeneous members; (look for homogeneous predicates with the conjunction I. Ask a question from the verb to homogeneous members of the sentence. The question should be the same, if not, then there is an error!!! This will be the correct answer. (Isee??? (sentence member missing) and proudnature? I see what?, I’m proud of what?)

2) with participial phrases; (look at the end of the participle, remember that there must be agreement with the word being definedin gender, number, case.)

3) with proper names, enclosed in quotation marks and being the names of newspapers, magazines, books, paintings, films;

4) with derivative prepositionsthanks, in agreement, in spite ofand non-derivative preposition By , used in figures of speechupon completion, upon arrival, upon completion, upon arrival;

5) with double unionsnot only...but also; both...and;

6) using quotes;

7) starting with the words:everyone who...; those who...; none of those who...

Task 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Cross out words with alternating vowels, as they will not be the correct answer:

1.1. read each word carefully and look for words with an alternating vowel in the root (gar - mountains, zar - zor, clan - clone, tvar - creation, lag - lodge, bir - ber, pir - per, dir - der, tyr - ter, world - mer, blist - shine, steel - stel, zhig - burned, chit - even, kas - braid, rast - rasch - grew, skak - skoch, poppy - mok, equal - even).

2) select test words for the remaining words, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words in which the unstressed vowel requires memorization;

3) if you find a dictionary word, you can cross it out, since it will not be the correct answer;

4) if you managed to find a test word for the word, in which the unclear vowel sound came under stress and is clearly heard, then you have found the correct answer.

Task 9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

You need to know the following spelling rules:

• spelling of prefixes in –З and –С;
• spelling of prefixes PRE and PRI;

PRE -	AT -
abide (=re-)	Arrive (approaching)
Despise (hate)	To look after (to give someone shelter)
betray (= re-)	Add (give extra, change something, add)
Bow down, bow down (= re-)	Lean (approach)
Convert (incarnate)	Pretend (incomplete action)
Transient (= re-)	Coming (approaching)
Endure (endure)	Get used to it (get used to it)
Successor (= re-, take over)	Receiver (radio)
Resign (die)	Put (put close)
Vicissitudes (reversals of fate)	Gatekeeper - guard at the gate
Immutable (unshakable, indestructible)	Attach (attach)
An indispensable condition (mandatory)	Unacceptable conditions (impossible)
Limit (border)	Chapel (extension in the church)
Downplayed (very)	Downplayed (slightly)

• Remember:

PRE-	AT-
preamble, prevail, those in power, predicate, present, presentable, president, presidium, presumption, price list, prelude, seduce, not fail, premiere, neglect, drug, present, obstacle, prerogative, prestige, contender, preference	private, fastidious, privilege, circumstance, handsome, picky, adventure, prima donna, primacy, primitive, priority, deplorable, swear, claim, embellish, unpretentious, whimsical

Task 10. Write down the word in which the letter E /I/ is written in place of the gap

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Find out in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:

• in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation the vowels E, U are written;
• in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation the vowels I, A (I) are written.

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

• missing vowel in participle suffixesushch, yushch, ashch, yashch, im, eat (ohm).
• missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling of participle suffixesushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm)depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

• in participles formed from verbs of I conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(ohm);
• in participles formed from verbs of II conjugation, suffixes are written ashch, yash, im.

5) Spelling a vowel before suffixes participles вш and NN depends on whether at - yat or it - et the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

• ate or yat, then before nn Passive past participles retain a vowel a(i);
• if the original verb ends in to eat or eat, then only e is written before nn;
• before the suffix vsh the same vowel is retained, as before the end t in an indefinite form.

HINT: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What are THEY going to do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation – in the endings you should write a letter E,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - in the endings you should write a letter AND .

Task 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap

You need to know the spelling of suffixes

• nouns (ec, ic; ink, enk; purl, in; ichk, echk; ik, ek);
• adjectives ( iv, ev; liv, chiv);
• verbs ( willow, yva; eva, ova; I, E before the stressed suffix wa).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Determine which part of speech (noun, adjective, verb) the word with the missing letter in the suffix belongs to.

2) Apply the desired rule.

DEFINITION TABLE ENDINGS OF VERBS AND SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES
Verb endings			Suffixes valid. participles	Suffixes suffer. participles
I conjugation rest	I eat I write I eat Eat, write, eat Here you go, write here	Ut write ut Yut think	Ush- write ush Yusch-thinking	Om-nes om y I'm eating, I'm blowing
II conjugation N.F. na - and t	Build them for them Look, build Go build	They are building Yat keep yat	Asch-breathe asch Storage box	They are kept by them

Task 12. Determine the sentence in which NOT and solov are written CONSOLIDATED (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write down this word.

)? It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

• NOT with nouns, qualitative adjectives, adverbs ending in – O and – E;
• NOT with verbs and gerunds;
• NOT with participles.

1. Not with nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in O, E

seamlessly	separately
1.Not used without NOT: ignoramus tall tales careless ridiculous	1.If there is opposition with the conjunction a Not true, but a lie Not happy, but sad Not close, but far adverb not in O-E: did not act in a friendly way
2. If for a word with the prefix NOT you can find a synonym without NOT Foe (enemy) Misfortune (grief) Enemy (enemy) Unhappy (sad) Not close (far)	2. If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all Far from being a beauty Not a friend at all Not at all interesting Not at all sweet
3.Remember: not big slave trouble deficiencies undergrowth dunno klutz	3.Remember: not in moderation, not in accordance with the example, not for good, not in haste, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything about nothing, not the bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - not once (often).

2. Not with verbs and gerunds

seamlessly	separately
1.Not used without NOT: to be indignant (indignant) go on a rampage (rage) unwell dislike hate	1.Always separately I wasn't Not catching up Without knowing
2. With the prefix under- UNDER- = below normal, not 100%, be in insufficient quantities there is an antonym with over- (=excess) under-salt the soup (over-salt the soup) the result is unsatisfactory lacking = not enough You lack patience. ^ I'm always short of money.	2. With prefixes not + to not fully done can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home She didn’t finish and fell silent. (to the end implied) doesn't reach = doesn't reach The rope is not enough to the floor. To the poplar is missing the fifth floor

3. Not with participles and verbal adjectives.

seamlessly	separately
1. not used without NOT: n units insanity (b.b., not up. without NOT) 2. NO opposition with the conjunction A and dependent words: n without seeded field (no a, ZS)	1. with short participles: not_closed 2. ISoppositionswith the conjunction a: unfinished A started meeting 3. IS dependent words: not_ sown during field, not yet plowed field

4.NOT and NOR with negative pronouns

Task 13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written TOGETHER (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

• Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together ; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.
• Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions whatever, the same in the same way, for that, for that, for what, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them(would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; other component(that, that, with which, so, that) replace with other words.
• Derivative prepositions are written together:CONSEQUENCE = because of, IN VIEW = because of, ABOUT = about, TOWARD = to, DESPITE = in spite of.
• Derivative prepositions are written separately:DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN DIFFERENCE, IN CONCLUSION, DURING.
• For merged, hyphenated or separate writing adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions		Nouns with prepositions
for There was no news within a year.	How long? (time value)	along the (what?) river Look in continuation(what?) series. In the (fast) current of the river Watch the (soon) continuation of the series
continued She spoke for an hour.
in conclusion of the article In the end, in the end		I was imprisoned. I sat in (long) prison.
unlike others (used with from)		The difference is the difference in life. The difference is the (strong) difference in life.
as a result = due to He did not come due to illness. Remember: later And - adverb		as a consequence Intervened in the investigation into a theft case. Intervened in a (new) investigation into a theft case.
like = like flask-like vessel		Mistake of gender noun.
about = about, about Arrange for an excursion.		Deposit into a bank account. Deposit into (your) account.
towards = to Go towardsto a friend.		Goto the meetingwith friends. Goon(long awaited)meeting.
in view of=due to In view ofWe didn't go to the cinema because of rain.		ImeantTomorrow. (stable expression). in the formcone in mindcities (cone view, city view)
adverbs		Nouns with prepositions
riseup(refer to verb)		riseto the topmountains on(most)topmountains
shoes for mejust right		on timeflowering - V (spring)it's timeflowering
Derivative prepositions		Participles with negation
Despiterain, we went out of town (Althoughit was raining). Regardless ofbad weather, we went hiking. (in spite of what?)		Despitefather, he got up from the table. Regardless ofme, he left the room. (=without looking)

Task 14.Indicate all the numbers replaced by NN (N)

1. determine which part of speech a word with a missing letter belongs to;
2. apply the spelling rule N and NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun:

NN

N

1. If the root of a word ends in N and the suffix begins with N: MalinnIR(MalinA) 2.If noun. formed from an adjective with NN, or from a participle: illnessenneawn(diseaseenney) spoiled(spoiled) 3. Remember: lack of pridennitza

1. In words formed from nouns that have the suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- peatyangIR(from noun peat) 2. In words formed from adj. with oneN:studynIR(from adj. studyny), martyr, worker 3. In words: gaffyangitza (hook)yangy) ,hempyangIR(hempyangy) varenik (varyeony), kopchyeonawn (kopchyeony) costyangika (costyangoh) wiseyeonawn (wiseyeony) oilenitza (oil)eny), oatsyangitza (oats)yangy) GOSTinitsa (gostiny), firewoodyangIR (firewood)yangOuch) smartyeonawn (smartny), greatenitza

Adjective:

NN	N
1. noun -H+ -H-:karmannth 2. -ONN-, -ENN-:commissionionnoh,cranberriesenneoh, ! withoutin the windnnth 3. exceptions with -YANN-:GLASSNNOH, TINNNOH TREENNYY ! yunnAnd you (yunsnaturalists)	1. -IN-: gusinth 2. exceptionWINDNYY(day, person) 3. -AN- (-YAN-):leatherenth Remember:yuny; gaffyangoh, roomyangoh, ryyangoh, drinkyangoh, rightny (historical suf. - YAN-); barnyay, svinoh, sinoh, greennoh, eatnoh, coreny.
Short adjectives contain as many ns as full adjectives.
tumannaya distance - distance tumannA	in the windnthat girl is a girl in the windnA

Participles:

Н – НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES
NN	N
1. There is a prefix:aboutsifted flour (except for the consoleNot-) But: unpromptedhernnthat's a torment	1. There is a prefixNot-: Notsowingnthat's a torment
2. No ¬, but there is ZS: sowingnnohthrough a sieveflour	2. No ¬: sowingnthat's a torment
3. there is a suffix-ova-/-eva-: marinovanny cucumbers	3. Exceptions: Kovanoh, chewynoh, good bitenth (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)
4. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb: Reshonntask (to decide whatWithdo?) But:fromwoundnnth, woundnnthin the legfighter ! Beingwoundnnth, the soldier remained in service. The women immediately hungerasednnoh.(Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless	4. Exception: woundnoh, windy
5. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: namennoh play, after allnnoh job.	5. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, an imprisoned father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.
Exceptions:cutesy, desirable, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, accidental, deliberate, slow, wakeful, arrogant, minted	6. The spelling does not change in the composition difficult words: goldennoh, scrapnth-fracturenoh,Wordeverything as a whole hasmeaning adj.(high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."
	7. Short participles: the girl is spoilednA
SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED
Short adjective	Short Communion
The girl was raisednna (sama – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective:well-manneredI.	The girl was raisednand in the orphanage (by whom?) - a short proverb.. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.
Adverb	Short neuter participle
✕ Ch.⬎ adv. He answereddeliberately(how? in what way?). Deliberately is a circumstance.	✕ noun⬎ cr. ??? Casethought out (what?)from all sides. Thought out is a predicate.

Task 15.Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of the sentences in which you need to put one comma.

Execution algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

• if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and), commain front of himnot placed;
• if it's a double union (both... and; not so much..., but; not only..., but also; although... but), the comma is placed only before the second part of the double conjunction;
• if thisrepeated conjunctions, Thata comma is placedonly in front of those who arebetween homogeneous members;
• before opposing alliancesbetween homogeneous membersthere is always a comma.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: ifhomogeneous membersin a sentence are connected in pairs, thena comma is placed between paired groups and only one!

Task 16.Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Remember:

• participle phraseanswers questionsWhich? which? which? which?;
• participleanswers questionswhat did you do? doing what?And denotes an additional action with a verb - predicate; participial phraseanswers questionsHow? When? Why?
• the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;
• the participial phrase is always highlighted in writing with commas;
• homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies (BEFORE - is not highlighted by commas!!! AFTER the word being defined - is highlighted!!!).

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

4).Attention! there should not be numbers in the middle of the revolution, this isprovocation!!! Eliminate them!!!Use the technique of eliminating the highlighted turnover.

Task 17.

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic structure.Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

• Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.
• Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas:as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, because, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, Meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, as before, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

Task 18.Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Execution algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm right choice.

Remember!As a rule, this task presents complex sentenceswith subordinate clauses, in themconjunction word whichdoes not stand at the beginning of the subordinate clause, butin the middleher, thereforeA comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the union I). Determine what it connects:parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

Task 19.Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

To complete the task, use the algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentenceunion I, and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

• Ifhomogeneous members, then there is a comma before itnot placed;
• Ifparts of a complex sentence, then there is a comma before itis put.

5. Find 2 conjunctions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

• Comma between conjunctionsNOT put, if the words continue in the sentencethen, yes, but
• Comma between conjunctionsis put, Ifno SO, SO, BUT.

Task 20.Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

Particular attention should be paid to the second and third sentences:

• they (argument and conclusion) contain the main information;
• Therefore, among the answer options, you should look for one that combines the information of the 2nd and 3rd sentences.
• Remember the main information is given only in its literal meaning. (EXACTLY and SPECIFICALLY)

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text; pay attention to the main part of complex sentences.

2. Determine the cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text by analyzing conjunctions, allied words, and introductory constructions.

3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Task 21.Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the text.

2. To determine his type of speech, use the technique of imaginary “photography”:

• if you can “photograph” the entire text in one frame, that’sdescription;
• if you can “photograph” the text in a sequential series of frames, this isnarration;
• if the text cannot be “photographed” - this isreasoning.

3. Remember that

• descriptionshows (this is what we see: a portrait of a person, a landscape, an interior);
• narrationtells (this is a chain of events or actions and actions of characters);
• reasoningproves and is built according to the scheme: thesis - evidence - final conclusion.

1. Determine what type of speech the proposed text belongs to.

Types of speech			Compositional scheme
Narration (what happened?) I came, I saw, I conquered.	report a sequence of actions or events. Verbs are used.	Several frames	Exposition The beginning Development of action Climax 5. Denouement
Description (Which?)	indicate the characteristics of an object, person, place, condition. Adjectives are used.	1 frame	From the general impression to the details.
Reasoning (why?)	to substantiate this or that put forward position (thesis), to explain the essence, causes of this or that phenomenon, event.	It talks about causes and consequences, events and phenomena, our ideas, assessments, feelings. - about what cannot be photographed.	1. Thesis (thought that is proven) → 2. arguments (proofs, examples) → 3. conclusions.

Task 22.Write down synonyms (synonymous pair) from the given sentences. (There may be various lexical means.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. If the task requires you to find a specific lexical unit in a specified passage of text, you must

recall the definition of this lexical unit:

Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, opposite in their lexical meaning.! Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in a given context.

Synonyms- These are words of the same part of speech, the same or similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. Like antonyms, synonyms can be contextual

Homonyms- these are words that are the same in sound (with possible different spellings) or spelling (with possible different sounds), but different in meaning.

Historicisms- these are outdated words that have fallen out of use due to the disappearance from life of the objects and phenomena that they denoted.

Neologisms– new words of limited use.

Phraseologism- Lexically indivisible phrases reproduced in finished form: hang your nose, win, voice of one crying out)

Task 23.Among sentences 1-8 (there may be other sentence numbers), find one that is related to the previous one using possessive pronoun(other means of communication). Write the number of this offer.

Lexical means of communication required in task B7:

• lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases);
• synonyms and synonymous substitutions;
• contextual synonyms;
• antonyms (including contextual ones).

Morphological means of communication:

• unions;
• personal, demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences;
• adverbs;
• degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.

Syntactic means of connecting sentences include:

• syntactic parallelism (the same word order and the same morphological design of members of adjacent sentences);
• parcellation (removal of any part from a sentence and its design in the form of an independent incomplete sentence);
• incomplete sentences;
• introductory words and sentences, appeals, rhetorical questions.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. It is necessary to firmly learn the categories of pronouns, since the pronominal connection is most in demand in tasks of this type.

2. Remember that you must determine the connection of a given sentencewith the previous one, with the one that isbefore the offer you are considering.

CLASSES OF PRONOUNS BY MEANING
Personal	Unit h.pl. h. 1 l. - I we 2 l. - you you 3 l. - he, she, it they
Returnable	myself
Interrogative
Relative	who, what, which, whose, which, how many, what
Undefined	someone, something, some, several, some, some, someone, anyone, anyone, some, some, any, some, some, how many- someday
Negative	no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing
Possessives	my, yours, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs
Index fingers	that, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete)
Definitive	all, everyone, each, himself, any, other, most, other
When some pronouns are declined, the entire word changes:I - to me, you - to you... Distinguish between the categories of pronouns. Wed.Her (his, theirs)book– whose? – possessive pronoun. We sawher (him, them) - whom? - personal pronoun. WhoAre you on duty today? – interrogative pronoun. We don't knowWhotoday duty officer is a relative pronoun.

Task 24.Restore the terms missing in the text of the review, with the help of which the linguistic features of this text are characterized.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Carefully read the list of figurative and expressive language means presented in the sample answers.
2. Divide all the terms into 3 groups: Paths, Figures, Vocabulary.
3. Read the review carefully, insert the necessary IVS.

4. In case of difficulty, you can use the technique of excluding from the list those terms that, according to their meaning, cannot be in place of gaps in the text.

1. Trails– words and expressions used figuratively:

• epithet– figurative definition (ThroughwavyThe moon creeps through the fogs... /A.S. Pushkin/);
• personification– attribution of human qualities, actions, emotions to objects, nature, abstract concepts (The earth sleepsin a blue glow / M.Yu. Lermontov/);
• comparison- a comparison of two objects or phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other (Icefragile on the chilly riverlike melting sugarlies /N.A. Nekrasov/);
• metaphor– transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity (Litrowan bonfirered / S.A. Yesenin/);
• metonymy– allegorical designation of the subject of speech, “renaming”, replacement of one concept with another that has a causal connection with it (All flagswill visit us /A.S. Pushkin/);
• synecdoche– a type of metonymy, when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa (We all look at Napoleons / A.S. Pushkin /);
• hyperbola– excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object (The sunset burned like a hundred thousand suns /V.V. Mayakovsky/);
• litotes– excessive understatement of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon (Your Spitz, lovely Spitz, no more than a thimble / A.S. Griboedov/);
• irony- hidden ridicule; using a word or expression in a sense opposite to the literal one (Otkole,smart, you're delusional,head? /I.A. Krylov/);
• paraphrase– replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of its distinctive features or an indication of its characteristic features (King of beasts/instead oflion/);

2. Figures of speech– special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech:

• antithesis– a sharp contrast of concepts, thoughts, images (You and the poor, You and the abundant, You and the mighty, You and the powerless, Mother Rus'! /N.A. Nekrasov/);
• inversion– reverse word order (Whitelonely sail/M.Yu. Lermontov/);
• gradation– arrangement of words or expressions in ascending or descending order of their meaning (semantic or emotional) (Glowed, burned, shonehuge blue eyes);
• oxymoron- a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning (Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy);
• parcellation– intentional violation of the boundaries of a sentence (This happened a long time ago. A very long time ago. Anna was in trouble. Big.);
• anaphora– unity of beginning, repetition of similar words at the beginning of stanzas or closely spaced phrases (Waitme and I'll be back. Just wait a lot.Waitwhen the yellow rains make me sad,Waitwhen the snow is swept away,Waitwhen it's hot,Wait, when others are not expected, having forgotten yesterday / K. Simonov/);
• epiphora– repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of several adjacent structures (I would like to know why Ititular councilor? Why exactlytitular councilor? /N.V. Gogol/);
• rhetorical question– a question that is posed in order to draw attention to a particular phenomenon (To be or not to be? /Shakespeare/);
• rhetorical appeal– emotional appeal to people not directly involved in communication, or to inanimate objects (People of the world, take care of the world!);
• ellipsis- omission of the predicate, giving dynamism to speech (We villages - to ashes, cities - to dust / V.A. Zhukovsky /);
• lexical repetition - deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of the statement (It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep:was sleepinggrass,slepttrees,sleptclouds).
• questionably- response form– a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate (What should I do? I don’t know. Who should I ask for advice? Unknown.);
• syntactic parallelism– the same syntactic structure of neighboring sentences, the same arrangement of similar parts of the sentence in them (I look at the future with fear, / I look at the past with longing. /M.Yu. Lermontov/);
• homogeneous members of the sentence.

3 .Lexical means of expression: Vocabulary

Dialect words -a word or phrase existing in a certain area (territorial dialectism), social group (social dialectism) or profession (professional dialectism):rooster crows

Jargonisms- the speech of a social group, different from the general language, containing many artificial words and expressions. There are different jargons: salon, bourgeois, thieves, student, school, army, sports, etc.“Smell” is from the jargon of hunters, “amba” is from the sea.

Antonyms(fromGreek Ant - against and onуma - name) are words with opposite meanings:“Cunning and love”, “White only is the shine, black is the shadow.”

Archaisms(from Greek Archaios - ancient) - obsolete word or figure of speech.

Neologisms(from the Greek Neos - new and logos - word) - a newly formed word that appeared in connection with the emergence of new concepts in life (in science, technology, culture, in everyday life). Neologism emphasizes the expressiveness of speech. For example, “mediocrity” instead of “mediocrity”.

Synonyms(from Greek - eponymous) 1) Words that are different in spelling, but close (or identical) in meaning: defeat-overcome (the enemy); run - rush; beautiful - lovely; hippopotamus - hippopotamus. 2) Contextual synonyms are words or phrases that are similar in meaning in the same context; these words are of an individual, situational nature: needle - Ostankino needle (tower); talk (murmur) of waves; noise (rustle, rustle, whisper) of foliage.

Contextual synonyms -words or combinations of words that acquire similar meaning only in a certain context.“Doing nothing” is passive rest.

Phraseologism -a lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, a phrase complete in meaning, reproduced in the form of a ready-made speech unit. (Frown your eyebrows, win a victory, lower your head, break your nose, burn with shame, show your teeth, sudden death, melancholy, biting frost, fragile boat, delicate question, delicate situation)

Homonyms-identical-sounding words that have different meanings, for example: club (couple and sports), change your mind (many things and change your mind). In oral speech, sound homonyms (homophones) arise - words that sound the same, although they are written differently: cry and cry, boil and open.

PART 2

It is necessary to analyze the proposed text, identifying the author’s position on one of the problems raised in it, correctly and convincingly expressing one’s own attitude to what was read. The volume of the essay is at least 200 words.

To complete the task correctly you need to knowPart C assessment criteria.

Plan for writing an essay - reasoning on the proposed text

Regardless of the content of the text, you can use the following plan, compiled on the basis of the requirements for completing the task of Part C:

1. Formulate the problem - K 1

2. Comment on the problem.K-2

4. Express your own opinion, agreeing or disagreeing with the author.K-4

5. Prove your point of view by giving at least two arguments (each of them is given in a new paragraph).

6. Final conclusion (conclusion).

Problem- a question that interests the author of the source text and causes his thoughts and reflections.

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK V. V. Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (in-depth)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

Unified State Exam in Russian: detailed analysis assignments with specialists

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the subjects required for passing final exams. Unified State Exam results in the Russian language will be required upon admission to universities for each field of study (specialty). Today we will look in detail at one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the Unified State Exam are available for review at the following link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work.

Minimum number of points in Russian language:

• to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
• for admission to a university - 36 points.

Structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer questions. The examination paper offers the following types of short-answer tasks:

• assignments open type to record a self-formulated correct answer;
• selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Irina Vasilievna Sosnina, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education.
Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Aleksandrovna, a teacher of the highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of labor, Winner of the competition for the best teachers of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project “Education”. Twice Laureate of the Moscow Grant competition in the field of science and technology in education. Teaching experience - 46 years.

Part 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, paid attention that rapid social changes on the continent associated with solar activity cycles , which are described quite fully by astronomers. (2) Following experts in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this connection is natural . (3)<…>he put forward and developed the hypothesis that sharp increase in solar activity favors that what's on Earth large quantities “passionaries” are born - people of increased activity , promoting social change and guiding the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, having put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries,” explained the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) While studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward a hypothesis about “passionaries”, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.

2. Determine cause-and-effect relationships between sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by deleting secondary information (various types of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Correlate your version of text compression (your sentence conveying its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to retell the text concisely:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

1. in the first version, the emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - “passionaries” - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
2. in the second option there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
3. in the third version, a hypothesis about “passionaries” is put forward, the connection between solar activity cycles and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
4. in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to solar activity cycles, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
5. in the fifth version, the hypothesis about “passionaries” is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answer options - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be missing in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
Because
Meanwhile
However
Moreover,

Answer: 5

Algorithm for completing the task:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Read the test carefully and understand the logic of the author’s reasoning.

2) Determine which logical link in the author’s reasoning is the sentence with a gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything (hence, the meaning of the gap cannot be replaced MEANWHILE );

Used for contrast, emphasizing the contradiction (hence, in place of the gap, according to the meaning, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, THEN, BUT );

Used to indicate of special importance the following phrase (therefore, in place of the gap according to the meaning, you need to choose MOREOVER );

3) Carry out the substitution, and then re-read the resulting option again and make sure that you have correctly established the logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, and culture. R. child. Reading developed her.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. to unfold something in a wide manner with all the energy. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the given sentence.

3. Include each of the suggested lexical interpretations to replace the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP, -I’m calling, -you’re calling, owls. used in the sense of spreading, expanding, deepening the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. Which word has an error in stress placement: WRONG Is the letter indicating the stressed vowel sound highlighted? Write this word down.

Boyhood

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Algorithm for completing the task:

It is necessary to remember: the mobility of the Russian accent creates objective difficulties when completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: took, took, tookA, took, poured in, burst in, took in, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, lied, poured, poured, lied, overstrained, called As, poured, narwala, began, doused, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, recalled, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which draws the emphasis: Poured, called ;

For the verbs put, sneak, send, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense does NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct lexical error, choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury returned a GUILTY verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a tangle of silicon fibers and silicon carbide is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN man who knew how to remain silent,” recalled the writer’s contemporaries.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the DICTATE of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who is talking about it.

Answer: secretive.

Paronyms are words with the same root, belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combined with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Examples of use: accused of theft, accused of lying, accused of embezzling funds, accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	ACCUSATIVE- containing an accusation. Examples of use: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, accusatory party.
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to the plant or animal world, relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning the internal structure of a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, radical. 4. (trans.) Intrinsic to someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone or something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; whole, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Secretive: a person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~s people; ~ character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not clearly visible. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: meaning, hint; ~ enmity, irony, pain; ~ excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~ opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting of recording dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTATE- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party. Examples: Roman dictate;
ORIGINAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING- document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE", not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZVONCHE

V A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED meters

two pairs SOCKS

Not DROPING not a word

Answer: having spoken

Algorithm for completing the task:

To complete this task you need a good knowledge of theory.

1. Formation and use of the nominative and genitive plural cases of nouns (For most masculine nouns ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), the ending is typical -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. Use of the numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Comparative degree adjective		Superlative adjective
Suffixes: -EE, -E, -SHE STRONG HER LOUD E JUNIOR E	MORE LESS MORE PERSISTENT LESS DIFFICULT	Suffixes: -AYSH-, -EYSH- DEEP AISH II NICE N EIS II	MOST MOST LEAST MOST KIND MOST DANGEROUS
Comparative adverb degree		Superlative adverb
Suffixes -EE, -E, -SHE ACCURATE HER VYSH E THINSH E	MORE AND LESS MORE EXACTLY MORE HIGH MORE THIN		Pronoun ALL + simple comparative form MORE PRECISELY ALL HIGHER ALL THINner ALL

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in their syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal clause, a determiner and, very rarely, a subject; comparative degree of an adverb - in the role of circumstance.

There was a mistake in the word " uttering" This is a gerund formed from a perfective verb. Perfect participles are formed by adding a suffix -V- to the basics of the vowel infinitive: push - pushing, come - having arrived, look - after looking.

We also offer to your attention work program for teaching materials Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade you can already start working work program for teaching materials of R.I. Albetkova in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and the sentences in which they were made: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMAR ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial phrase

C) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

D) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of sentences with homogeneous members

OFFERS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin lookalike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the finals.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) In Nekrasov’s poem “ Railway"presents a picture of people's life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago here, in the very center of the village, there was wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made its way along the road leading to the village and along which it had walked more than once.

8) A squad of rescuers advanced towards the group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors associated with incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases.

A sentence that is grammatically incorrect is one in which the action expressed by a predicate verb and the action expressed expressed by a gerund are committed by different persons.

B.5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between the SUBJECT and the SUBJECT.

In complex sentences built according to the model “ THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ", with the subject CTO the predicate verb is put in the singular, and with the subjects TE (ALL) the predicate verbs are used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in constructing sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect speech, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I” in the subordinate part: pronouns and verbs in the first person form should be replaced with pronouns and verbs in the third person form.

D.7. Errors in constructing sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (sentence 7) lies in the fact that different syntactic constructions are included in the series of homogeneous members. You need: either two participial phrases, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Noteworthy

near..native (station)

hug..mother

Sat..regulate

analog..gical

Answer: hug

Algorithm for completing the task:

1) Select test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel at the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a vowel being tested in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - CREATIVE; LAG- LOG; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEEL; JIG - BURN; CHIT - CHIT; KAS - KOS A; (I) - IM (IN); RAST - RASCH - ROS; JACK - SKOCCH; MAC - MOC; EQUAL - EQUAL; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - bench press; NY - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

Things to remember:

1. Tested unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in the unstressed position at the root of the word the same vowel is written as under stress in words with the same root or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels in the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.

pr..miracle, pr..gate (interpret)

pr..smear (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bending, ..give

about..chalk, between..grove

under..yachy, over..eat

Answer: unbending, surrender

To complete the task correctly, you must know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of unchangeable prefixes: (always written the same way. You need to know them by sight: in-, in-, inzo-, you-, do-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, about-, over-, over- , sub-, sub-, pra-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 And -WITH(the prefix is ​​written with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, and with the letter S if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - a word for remembering “KaPuST”: without-/bes-, who-/res- (up-/sun-), from-/is-, bottom-/nis-, times-/ras, rose-/ros-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling of prefixes PRE- And AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in spelling the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, you should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes, which they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word “quirk” turns out to be a morpheme -MIRACLE-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonderful. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in a word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in a given word. And in the word “misinterpret” the choice of prefix depends on the lexical meaning of the word. Words with prefixes PRE-/PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case - “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then AND the root changes to Y: game- draw , famous - unknown , story - background .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And does not change: super-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

Excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant And b signs (dividing Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, e, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th’] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, e, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk) etc. write b).

The prefix is ​​missing from the words “unbending” and “surrender” WITH-. There is no prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations sb, sg, sd, szh, sk, sch.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

nomadic

suede

outshine

thoughtful...

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective name suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -LION-,-CHEV- doesn't happen.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If a vowel is missing from the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to determine its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written at the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (Z) .

3) If a vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

· missing vowel in participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) .

· missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling of participle suffixes ushch, yushch, ushch, yashch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

· in participles formed from verbs of the first conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yush, eat(om) ;

· in participles formed from verbs of the second conjugation, suffixes are written yash, yash, them.

5) Spelling vowels before participle suffixes Vsh And nn depends on yat - yat or it - there the infinitive form of the original verb ends:

· if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in passive past participles the vowel a(я) is retained;

· if the original verb ends in it or eat , then before nn only written e ;

before the suffix Vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending t in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb into the 3rd person plural. (What are THEY doing? What will THEY do?) ending -ut-ut – verb 1 conjugation - a letter should be written at the endings E ,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugations - a letter should be written at the endings AND .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) are offended...

(patients) recovered..t

sealed

(they) visit..t

Answer: They will be offended

It is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND", relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Verb conjugation

II conjugation	I conjugation	Heterogeneous conjugates
1) All verbs start with –it, except shave And lay . 2) and 11 more verbs: Drive, hold, breathe, offend. Hear, see, hate. And depend and endure. And also look, twirl . You will remember, friends, them on -E- cannot be conjugated.	1) all other verbs, except for heteroconjugated ones; 2) plus verbs shave And lay	want, run, honor

12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word.

Open the brackets and write down this word.

We lived poorly, constantly (NOT) EATED, and exchanged the things we brought with us for food.

My trained eye determined that the area was (UN)INHABITABLE, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (UN)CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo is accepting (NOT) SOLD OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is a (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: They were malnourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underfill, under-release, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes to- , denoting achievement of a goal, completion of an action ( finish, get there, finish reading, survive ), and particles Not-, which negates what "before" denotes ( not enough to eat, not enough to eat …).

Verbs with UNDER- Incompleteness of action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is associated in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( not enough, not enough, not enough, not enough ),

2) with a lack of extension of something in time ( underexpose, undersing, undersleep, underexposure ),

3) with insufficient intensity of action ( overlook, overlook, underhear, undersee ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among the verbs with UNDER- there are those who are without NOT not used (n to bother, to misunderstand, to underuse, to underestimate, to dislike, to mishear, to be perplexed, to miss... ) Verbs to solicit, to understand, to further use, to overestimate, to cherish, to hear, to understand, to account... are absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the writing rules NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

		Separately
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fable	If there is a contrast with the conjunction a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace it with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If the word with NOT contains the words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all beautiful
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn’t know, not knowing
		With attachments not + until not fully done can't finish watching the movie, can't get it home She didn’t finish and fell silent.
		WITH short participles: not_closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition No one, no one
Exceptions: not in moderation, not as an example, not for good, not in a hurry, not to taste, not within one’s strength, not according to one’s gut, not by hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, nor for anything about nothing, not the bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - more than once (often).

13. Identify the sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenFULL. Open the brackets and write down these two words.

Examining evidence (B)CONSEQUENCES preceded by the announcement of documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (OVER)PERSONAL values ​​on which a person could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything must be fair, so the spoils must be divided (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE despite the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed enormous fame even ( B) AT THE BEGINNING XX century.

The theater was (WHITE)STONE building with a high porch and SO (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: Superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPERPERSONAL "is written together, because

The first part of a compound adjective " OVER » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a conjunction and can be replaced with a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.

Unions so that, too, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, therefore written together; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar in sound to these conjunctions that, the same, in the same way, for that, with that, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, with which, so, that ) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: AS A RESULT = because of , IN VIEW = because of , ABOUT = O , TOWARD = To , DESPITE = contrary to .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: FOR = IN CONTINUATION, IN CONTRAST, IN CONCLUSION , DURING .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate writing of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: There was no news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during AND(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. Watch the continuation AND(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refers to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (even though it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) NN is written.

The young officers assigned to the regiment were spoiled (2) by a soft attitude towards them during the training period and knew absolutely (3) nothing about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is the passive past participle should be written NN

1. The word “spoiled” is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning that matches in form the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word “True” - NN - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter N, and suffix N

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule N And NN in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of a word ends in N , and the suffix begins with N: raspberry(raspberry)

2.If noun. derived from adj., having NN, or from the participle: soreness (sick), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: homeless woman

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one N : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, worker

3. In words: crimson (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), kostyanika (bone), wisdom (sophisticated), Maslenitsa (butter), fescue (oat), hotel (living room), drovyanik (wood-burning), cleverness (clever), great martyr

Adjective:

1. noun -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -ONN- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Yunnats (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunk, spicy (historical suf. -YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, single, vigorous .

The same amount is written in short adjectives n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except for the attachment Not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix Not-: unsifted flour

2. No ¬, but there is ZS: flour sifted through a sieve

3. No ¬: sifted flour

4. there is a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from an unprefixed perfective verb:

Solved problem (decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Although wounded, the soldier remained in service.

The women immediately hung up the laundry. (Passive parables, because they retain a verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent attribute-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. These same words in their literal meaning will be participles: named play, finished work.

7. When a participle changes into an adjective, the lexical meaning of the word can change: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a sworn brother, a jailed father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unprecedented, sacred, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, deliberate, slow, awake, swaggering, minted.

8. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: gold-woven, broken-broken, the word everything as a whole has the meaning adj. (high degree of quality), and not the meaning “adj. + participle."

9. Short participles: the girl is spoiled

SHOULD BE DIFFERENTIATED

Short adjective

The girl is well-mannered (herself – short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: well-mannered.

Short Communion

The girl was raised in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short parable. Replaced with a verb: the girl was raised.

Exist. ? cr. ???

The matter has been thought out (what?) from all sides. Thought out - predicate.

15.Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communication with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal cliffs.

3) In the excerpt from Bunin’s Antonov Apples, one senses not so much the author’s desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) Constant movement, striving towards other limits is the essence creative life and this is exactly what Pasternak wrote about in one of his poems.

5) In the morning the east lit up with a blush and the small clouds turned a delicate color.

Answer:2,3

2-sentence - repeating conjunction OR with homogeneous terms.

3rd sentence - conjunction " as much as", which expresses a comparison under constraint; same as " not to the same extent... as" Punctuation is placed between parts of the sentence (before the second part of the conjunction).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine what conjunctions connect them:

· if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction (and, or, either, yes (= and) , no comma is placed in front of it;

· if it is a double union ( both... and; not so much..., but; not only..., but also; although... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of a double conjunction;

· if these are repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed only in front of those that are between homogeneous members;

· a comma is always placed before adversative conjunctions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and only one.

16. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two “parents” - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the “parents” (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participial phrase, standing after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

Participial phrase answers questions Which? which? which? which?;

The participle answers questions what did you do? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a predicate verb; participial phrase answers questions How? When? Why?

*the placement of punctuation marks in a participial phrase depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

*adverbial phrases are always highlighted in writing with commas;

*homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single conjunction AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial phrase occupies ( TO- is not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word – highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the conjunction I, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma before the conjunction I.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participial and participial phrases.

	Participial phrase	Participial turnover.
	Stands out participle phrase meaning reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset about his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of reason).	Do not stand out single gerunds, standing after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the manner of action, as well as those close in function to adverbs: He walked with a limp. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participial and participial phrases connected by a single connecting or dividing conjunction: Pletnev’s selflessness, who worked in the name of the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin’s phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and without saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING WITH, BASED ON(they can be omitted without compromising the meaning): We begin work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not highlighted: They listened to his story WITH BEATHING BREATH.

17. Place all missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a bright boy

Or a flower from a meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) to hear horses snore

Hugging a nearby bush.

Raise your (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness goes to heaven like a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic structure. Use the technique of eliminating highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check whether the highlighted words are introductory.

· Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

· Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic structure; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that the following words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, because, ultimately, it seems, hardly, anyway, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, Meanwhile, for sure, extremely, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, as before, therefore, simply, albeit, decisively, nevertheless, only, allegedly.

18. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

It was as if Chekhov did not know how to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius (4) picked out everywhere, so he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1.4 - subordinate clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, this task presents complex sentences with subordinate clauses, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before a conjunctive word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word “which”

4. Attention to the conjunction I). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Place all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no way (5) and see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamship over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3-the subordinate clause has ended, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-end of subordinate clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.

2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.

3. See how these parts are connected to each other.

4. Find out if it is present in the sentence union I , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· If homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not placed;

· If parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions nearby: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

· A comma is NOT placed between conjunctions if the words follow in the sentence then, yes, but

· A comma is placed between conjunctions if not SO, SO, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was overcast with evil clouds, the rain sadly pounded the windows and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a lot of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys... (6) What is it given to us for? (7) After all, God, the good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) But it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter..."

(10) Judah took his right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

(15) He took out his left hand and sadly ran it over his face.

(16) “But how easily it would be possible to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 For example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets is carrying a magnificent coffin, and behind it rides almost on a mile away there is a line of carriages (19) Torchbearers march out with lanterns (20) Cardboard coats of arms are hanging on the horses: they are burying an important person (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, it is impossible to give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; He says the kids are sick and need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be too much. (29) Don’t give more than five, otherwise we’ll go bankrupt. (30) Just take a good look around to see if there are any holes or spots left somewhere... (31) “Okay, sir, so this is life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind the rich hearse is a cart, on which a pine coffin is loaded. (33) Only one old woman trudges behind her, splashing through the mud. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t give it, although maybe he will express his condolences... (37) What else is there?”

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat... how much should I give?

- (39) Rabbit fur... (40) Nothing, strong, worth five rubles. (41) Give three rubles, and interest, of course, forward... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

*Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, elder brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who gave the suit to the pawn shop had sick children.

3) In the city pawn shop of Judah, interest is taken in advance.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to sell a hare’s fur coat, because she was very poor and needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

· Read the text carefully

Find in it confirmation or refutation of this or that statement

· Choose the correct answers

Let's consider how this algorithm can be applied to complete this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (proposal No. 2)

Statement stated in the fourth answer option is exactly the opposite of what the author says in the text itself. So this answer incorrect.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need the money for a funeral

So answer number 5 too incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says the kids are sick and need to be treated” (sentence 27). This loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, will be forward...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Please provide answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains an answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present the reasoning

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Read the suggested fragments carefully;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (its characteristics)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The narration tells about the actions and deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

Reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, evidence, conclusion.

Attention! There is not always a clear thesis statement in a passage. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this reasoning, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin, stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street.”

The fragment describes the pose and clothing. We “see” this hero.

So this one the answer is correct

2) Sentences 11–14 present the narrative.

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave birth to this scourge. (14) And for what, one might ask, for what?”

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, and humanity. It contains an introductory word, a rhetorical question. So, uh then the reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in sentences 21–22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is burying her breadwinner son... (35) But let me ask if the lady sitting in the carriage will give her even a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although maybe he will express his condolences...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness and condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Proposition 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judah pressed his forehead to the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, and tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45, write down antonyms (antonymous pair).

Algorithm for completing the task:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in spelling and sound, and mean directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are the individual stylistic use of a particular word... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymic relationships with each other. Thus, in the context of A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” the words “wave” and “stone”, “poetry” and “prose”, “ice” and “fire” are antonyms..

3. Define the specified lexical item

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t even care..."

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: poor people, rich people

23. Among sentences 15–23, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Remember what types of conjunctions there are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating conjunction

2. Remember the categories of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence has both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating Conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), neither, nor, too, also

Nasty a, but, yes (=but), but, however, same

Separating or, either, so-and-so, either... or, not that... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit h./pl. h.
	he, she, it/they

Case forms

			He, she, it
			His, her, his
			Him, her, him
			His, her, his
			To them, to them, to them
			About him, about her, about him

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM coincide with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

For the initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, his, theirs books (R.p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, his, theirs.

Therefore, these are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard coats of arms are dangling from the horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 20–23. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Insert into the blanks (A, B, C, D) the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter.

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds quiet, but at the same time firmly and clearly. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of visual and expressive means. In the presented fragment it is worth noting the trope - (A)__________ (“angry clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), lexical device - (B)__________ (“hanging out” in sentence 20, “we’ll burn out” in sentence 29 , “travels, spanking...” in sentence 33), syntactic means - (B)__________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (G)__________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.”

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

Let's divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first task:mark the trope.

Trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative meaning.

Let's remember the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, irony, periphrasis.

Let's see which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

Let's remember the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a type of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotional and evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche are not appropriate.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street"is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition expressed by an adjective.

Therefore this epithet.

The second task deals with lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech a character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseologisms and colloquial vocabulary are second group

• The words “hanging out”, “burning out”, “tragging, splashing...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: No. 4

In task “B” they ask about a syntactic device.

• Let's remember syntactic means expressiveness, and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of the sentence.

• The list of terms includes:

Antithesis is a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences are a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of a sentence are listed actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the sentence are the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the crying sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his entire life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Therefore, answer #6

I propose to complete task “D” by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) series of homogeneous members of the sentence

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, corruption and shame, but in reality they exist.

The text is based on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2"

Fill out the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

Now I want to offer a unique "cheat sheet". I’ll explain how easy it is to complete task No. 7.

How to easily complete task No. 7

As an example for commentary, I will take the task proposed in the demo version for 2016.

Russian Unified State Examination language

Task No. 3. Working with a dictionary entry

Enriching your vocabulary!

Words, words... How many of them have appeared in the Russian language over just the last few decades. Thousands of new words, often with multiple meanings. How to understand their meaning? Is it even possible to keep up with time that rushes so quickly, giving a person more and more new words?

Of course it's possible. You need a great desire to be aware of everything new, modern, to keep up with the times, to constantly replenish your vocabulary, especially in the area with which your activity is connected.

It is no coincidence that a new type of task was included in the Unified State Exam in Russian in 2015 - working with a dictionary entry.

Word form- this is a morphological variety of a word, which contains a number of grammatical meanings characteristic of this particular part of speech.

On Unified State Examination in Russian language task No. 6 will be is associated with word forms that contain grammatical inconstant features of parts of speech, because it is in their use that errors are made. By the form of the word we can determine:

for nouns – number, case

for adjectives - gender, number, case

Verbs have tense, person (present and future tense), gender (singular past tense)

Pronouns have gender, number, case (not all categories of pronouns have these features)

For numerals - gender (for ordinal numbers), number, case.

Rear No. 7. Errors in sentence construction

Competent speech always attracts people around you. It’s nice to hear a clear, concise, reasoned speech from your interlocutor.

Unfortunately, mistakes are often made in the construction of sentences and phrases. Of course, you need to learn to avoid them, speak correctly, competently.

On Unified State Examination in Russian language in task No. 7 of 2015 you need to establish a correspondence between the sentences given in the first column and the errors made in them, given in the second.

Let's first look at some of the types of errors that can occur in this task.

Handbook for preparing for the Unified State Exam

Reference information for all tasks: 1 - 26. If you don’t know, don’t remember, don’t understand something, come here. Simple, accessible, many examples.

Collection of training test tasks: 1 - 24

Practice tests with answers to all tasks

"Unified State Examination Navigator"

Interactive preparation course for the Unified State Exam in Russian. 26 sections. Individual achievement statistics. Options are formed for each individual upon new visits. Fully complies with the new Unified State Exam format.

• Unified State Exam navigator by subscription

"Unified State Exam Answerer"

Who is interested in training versions of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language with answers and comments? Our new series “Unified State Exam Answer” is for you.

Collection of essays on the Russian language (task 26)

It is easier to learn how to write essays based on the source text if you know exactly what the Unified State Exam requirements are for task 26 in the Russian language. Analysis of graduates' work shows typical mistakes and shortcomings.

Final winter essay

All about the graduation essay. Concept. School inspection criteria. Assessment criteria in universities. Samples of work.

Workshop on orthoepy

Nouns from the FIPI list. How to remember them? Intensive interactive training will help

Useful information

The word Unified State Examination has a fascinating effect on people. Most people, long before the exam, begin to treat it as a fatal milestone: terrible and inevitable. It seems that the will and mind of people are paralyzed... Clear images of a conveyor belt, a meat grinder or a current emerge, carrying the unfortunate people to an unknown destination... What is the consequence of such an attitude towards the upcoming test? Passivity, indifference or, on the contrary, feverish activity, meaningless vanity, unnecessary nervous tension. Get reliable information about your upcoming exam.

Useless information

Even during difficult or serious work, you can find a reason to joke. A section for those who want to relax a little

Self-defense. If an appeal is needed

It is better not to prepare yourself for an appeal in advance. There is such a pattern in life: people often attract situations about which they think too much. The situation of filing an appeal is not the most pleasant. I wish you could avoid it. But if an appeal is inevitable, then it is better to know how to file it.
Therefore, I think it is important to talk about this topic.

To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

ANALYSIS OF TASKS 1-6, 8-10,14 Unified State Examination in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (INFORMATION PROCESSING OF TEXTS, SPELLING, LEXICAL STANDARDS, SPELLING) Prepared by: teacher of Russian language and literature of the Kharlamovskaya Secondary School Khamatova Fairuza Rifatovna

DEMONSTRATION OPTION-2015

POINTS FOR COMPLETING TASKS For 1-6,8-14,16-23 tasks, 1 point For 7 tasks up to 5 points For 15 tasks up to 2 points For 24 tasks up to 4 points Total for tasks 1-24-32 points. Essay (task 25) maximum 23 points The maximum initial score for the work is 55.

TASK 1. INFORMATION PROCESSING OF WRITTEN TEXTS Text for completing tasks 1-3 (1) If you look at the map, you will be convinced that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of all sushi of the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world’s largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<...>in plans economic development Russia pays a lot of attention to Siberia. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text? 1) Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, receives great attention in Russia’s economic development plans. 2) Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest treasury of minerals. 3) In Russia's economic development plans, much attention is paid to Siberia, since enormous natural resources are concentrated in this region. 4) Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region occupies one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth and enormous natural resources are concentrated here. 5) Siberia, which has huge natural resources, Russia’s economic development plans pay a lot of attention. Answer: 3553

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Task 1 does not require special knowledge, but the ability to thoughtfully read the text will be useful. This task tests your ability to work with information. The texts are different: some, in addition to basic information, contain additional information, some contain both explicit and hidden information. Understanding a text means grasping the logic of its construction, understanding the connections between parts, and comprehensively analyzing the content. Please note: the sentences from which you need to choose the correct answer may contradict the content of the text, include information that is not in the text, convey only part of the information, convey in detail additional information that is secondary to understanding the main idea, quote any part of the text verbatim, containing the transfer of details and small details. Such sentences are not suitable for an answer. Most often, the correct answer will be sentences that in brief convey all the main components of the content, clearly formulate the dominant idea. This means that in order to check the correctness of your choice, and in difficult cases to make it correctly, you need to determine for yourself what information is the main one in the text. To do this, you need to cut off secondary information: details, examples, comments, explanations, descriptions. Ask yourself simple questions: What is this text or fragment of text about? What does it say? What is the main information? If the text expresses cause-and-effect relationships, then, naturally, you need to figure out what is the cause and what is the effect. If the information concerns the purpose, conditions and other possible components of the content, then it is important to understand whether these components are dominant in the text.

TASK 2. MEANS OF CONNECTING SENTENCES IN THE TEXT Text for completing tasks 1-3 (1) If you look at the map, you will see that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world’s largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<...>Siberia is given much attention in Russia's economic development plans. 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should appear in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down. however therefore it is because although Answer: therefore

REFERENCE INFORMATION In task 2 you work with a text in which a word (or words) is missing. The very nature of the text, its property such as integrity, helps you choose one of the proposed answers. Integrity is achieved through the semantic completeness of its content. Most often, after carefully reading the text, you will be able to intuitively make the right choice. Let's say there are words there: on the one hand or firstly. This means that there will almost certainly be a continuation: on the other hand (on the other hand) or secondly... If the text contains reasoning, and an omission is made at the end, when presenting the conclusion, then it is quite likely that the missing words may be the words : so, therefore, in this way. If you doubt the correctness of the answer, use the substitution method: sequentially substitute the proposed answer options into the sentence with a blank. And watch for changes in meaning. In four cases, the semantic integrity of the text will be violated. Only a correctly chosen answer will save it. Advice: Read the text at least three times. The first time is for general information, the second time is after familiarization with the answer options. The third time is a test to make sure that the text with the selected answer is perceived holistically. Usually in task 2, conjunctions and allied words or introductory words and combinations that act as means of connecting sentences in the text are missing. Let's remember what it is.

Conjunctions Let us remember that the function (role) of conjunctions is the expression of syntactic connections: coordinating and subordinating ones. A coordinating connection is a connection that expresses equal relationships between elements. Subordinating connection is a connection of unequal components, in which one of the components depends on the other. This is how parts of complex sentences are connected. Conjunctions can also serve as a means of connecting sentences in a text. Here are the main types of semantic relations that are expressed in the text. Meaningful relations expressed coordinating conjunctions: Connective: and, yes (=and), and...and..., not only... but also, as... and, also, also Dividing: or, either, that...that, not that... not that, or... or, either... or Adversative: a, but, yes (=but), however, but Gradational: not only, but also, not so much... as, not that... but Explanatory: that is, namely Connective: also, too , and, and, moreover, and At the beginning of the sentence, conjunctions are not used: too, yes and, that is, namely. Meaningful relations expressed by subordinating conjunctions: Temporary: when, while, barely, only, while, just, barely, barely Causal: since, because, because, due to the fact that, thanks to the fact that, as a result of that that, for (obsolete), in connection with the fact that Conditional: if (unless, if, if - obsolete), if only, since, as soon Target: in order, in order that, in order (obsolete), with that purpose that, in order that, then that Consequences: so Concessive: although, despite the fact that Comparative: as, as if, as if, exactly, than, as if, similarly as, rather than (obsolete) Explanatory: that, as , to!!! At the beginning of a sentence, conjunctions are not used: so, than, rather than, as well as explanatory conjunctions: what, how, so that

INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND COMBINATIONS Let us recall the topic: “Introductory words and combinations.” It is no coincidence that they are divided into groups according to their meaning. Here are the main ones: Emotions, feelings, assessment ↓ Degree of reliability, possibility, confidence ↓ Source of message ↓ Sequence of presentation, coherence of speech (words from this group are often used as means of connecting sentences in the test) ↓ Techniques of formulation, ways of expressing thoughts (words from this group is often used as a means of connecting sentences in a test) ↓ Activating the attention of the interlocutor, including for the purpose of establishing trust ↓ Measure of what is being said ↓ Ordinariness, typicality of what is being said ↓

TASK 3. LEXICAL MEANING OF THE WORD Text for completing tasks 1-3 (1) If you look at the map, you will be convinced that Siberia is more than half of the territory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, makes up almost a quarter of all Asia and one fifteenth of all land Earth. (2) But Siberia surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world’s largest treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<...>Siberia is given much attention in Russia's economic development plans. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word PLAN. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. PLAN, husband. 1) A drawing depicting some area or structure on a plane. P. city. P. of the building (image of it in a horizontal section). 2) A pre-planned system of activities, providing for the order, sequence and timing of work. Production point. Work according to plan. Strategic plan. Calendar plan. 3) Mutual position parts, short program some kind of presentation. P. report. 4) The location of an object in perspective. Front, back p. To put forward something that is not the first p. (also figurative: to give something important, significant meaning). 5) The scale of the image of someone or something. Give faces close up(in the frame of a film or television film: in the foreground, closer to the viewer). 6) The area of ​​manifestation of something or the way of viewing something, point of view (book). The action in the play develops on two levels. In theoretical terms. Answer: 2

BACKGROUND To complete task 3, you need to be aware of several points. 1. The vocabulary of the Russian language has about half a million words, therefore, in preparation for this task, it is fundamentally impossible to learn anything with a list. And it's not necessary. All information will be provided to you. 2. The words are different: some express only a single lexical meaning, others - several lexical meanings. If a word expresses one lexical meaning, it is called unambiguous: affectionately, interfluve, cockatoo, huge, gadfly and others. If a word expresses several lexical meanings, it is called polysemantic: root, head, golden, justify, knee, pour and others. Don’t be surprised, there are significantly more polysemantic words than single-valued ones. Task 3 uses ambiguous words. Advice: Read the given sentence carefully. Often it already contains a hint. What to do if there is no hint? Try the substitution method: one by one, instead of the word under discussion, substitute the synonyms or interpretations presented in the answers. You will see that in most cases the meaning of the sentence will be violated as a result of substitution. Loss of meaning is an indicator that the answer is incorrect. Preservation of the meaning of the sentence is evidence that the correct answer has been found.

TASK 4. ORTHOEPIC NORMAS (STRESS PLACEMENT) In one of the words below, an error was made in the stress placement: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down. the caller tore up the citizenship of the old one, took it away Answer: citizenship

REFERENCE INFORMATION What do you need to know about Russian accent? The stress in the Russian language is varied and mobile. This means that in Russian words the stress can be on any syllable: it is not assigned to any syllables: 1st, 2nd, last, etc. or to certain parts words (morphemes). When words change, for example, when declension or conjugation, for many words the place of stress may move from one syllable to another. Often people do not know how to pronounce a word correctly, for example: heretic or heretic, citizenship or citizenship. Another difficulty is related to inflection. For example, you can’t go wrong with the shape of a scarf, but how do you say: scarf, scarf, scarf or scarf, scarf, scarf? Norm is a historical concept. Norms develop, exist as correct options, opposed to incorrect ones, are shaken, and change. This is a long process. It concerns only some words or groups of words. For example, thirty years ago the norm prescribed to say: on Wednesdays, by rivers, by walls, by Wednesdays, by rivers, by walls. Now this norm has been shaken and both options are recognized as correct: on Wednesdays and on Wednesdays, by rivers and by rivers, and so on. Perhaps after some time one of the options will win and become the standard pronunciation. Words that allow variations in pronunciation are not included in the Unified State Exam KIMs. Norms are recorded in dictionaries. Stress norms are presented in stress dictionaries and spelling dictionaries. Because language is constantly changing, the same word can be interpreted differently in different dictionaries. FIPI announced that materials for A1 in 2013 were tested according to the new orthoepic dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences: “Big orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language” edited by L. Kasatkin, M., “AST”, 2012. As a result, a transition was made to a new accentological minimum in the preparation of KIMs, which was published in 2013 as part of the official package of documents of the KIM Unified State Exam in the Russian language on the official website of the FIPI. In 2014, a revised list of words was published.

TASK 5. LEXICAL NORMS (USE OF A WORD IN ACCORDANCE WITH LEXICAL MEANING AND LEXICAL COMPATIBILITY REQUIREMENTS) In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is used INCORRECTLY. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. In the unclear, diffused light of the night, MAJESTIC and beautiful vistas of St. Petersburg opened up before us: the Neva, the embankment, canals, palaces. Chromium and manganese are COLORFUL substances, components of many paints created from these minerals. Diplomatic relations between Russia and the United States were established in 1807. The most HUMANE professions on earth are those on which human spiritual life and health depend. Success foreign policy state largely depends on the experience and talent of DIPLOMATS. Answer: dyeing

Let us remember that paronymous words are words with the same root that are similar in sound and meaning, but have differences: in sound, in meaning, in compatibility with other words, that is, in lexical compatibility. Examples trustful - trusting breath - sigh one-year-old - one-year-old - one-year-old Examples of incorrect use of paronyms The trusting tone of the conversation, gentle manners were captivating. (Correct: The confidential tone of the conversation, the gentle manners were captivating.) A breath of relief. (Correct: Sigh of relief.) We already have a year of experience. (Correct: We already have a year of experience.) Some authors advise trying to select synonyms or definitions for paronymous words. But the fact of the matter is that without knowing the exact meanings of the words, you will not be able to use such a recommendation.

TASK 8. SPELLING ROOTS Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. in...the river river the ornament...nt selects to...slept up...rising Answer: the upper river

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Unstressed vowels in the roots of words can be different: verifiable, unverified, alternating. Their writing follows different patterns. Read the rules, look at the examples. To complete the task correctly, you need to be able to determine which of these three cases the examples in your version of the CMM belong to. The task requires knowledge of how words are written. To answer correctly, you need to be able to accurately identify the spelling. This action is similar to going through passport control at the border: the border guard looked at you, looked at the photo in your passport, and the way is clear. There are 5 words in front of you, find out words with alternating vowels at the root and exclude lines with such words from your attention. This is practically the end of the task. All that remains is to check the correctness of the choice by matching the words in the remaining lines with test ones. Tested unstressed vowels at the root: In the unstressed position at the root of the word, the same vowel is written as under stress. How to check? Choose the same word, but in a different form, or a related word, that is, a word with the same root.

A LIST OF 20 ROOTS WITH ALTERNATING VOWELS YOU NEED TO LEARN. 1-9: -ber-//-bir- , -per-//-pir- , -mer-//-world- , -zheg-//-zhig- , -ter-//-tir- , - der-//-dir- , -even-//-cheat- , -brilliant-//-blist- , -steel-//-steel- 10: -kas-//-braid- 11: -mok-/ /-mac- 12: -equal-//-equal- 13-15: -gor-//-gar-, -tvor-//-tvar-, -clone-//-clan- 16: -zor-/ /-zar- 17: -pilaf-//-swim- 18-20: -grow-//-grow-//-grow-, -lag-//-float-, -jump-//-jump-

ALTERNATING VOWELS IN THE ROOT Alternating vowels in the roots of Russian words is a systemic phenomenon. There are not very many roots with alternating vowels, only 20. You need to remember them and firmly know the entire list. This will help you avoid many annoying mistakes. And easily complete task A13. 1. Alternation of vowels in the roots ber//bir, per//pir, mer//mir, zheg//zhig, ter//tir, der//dir, ch et//chit, shine//blist, stel// style: erase-erase If in a word with roots: -ber-//-bir-, -per-//-pir-, -zheg-//-zhig-, -mer-//-mir-, -ter- //-tir-, -der-//-dir-, -chet-//-cheat-, - shine-//-blist-, -steel-//-steel- there is a suffix a, write in the root and: clean up, shine, there is no suffix a, write e: takes, shine. 2. Alternation of vowels in the roots kos//kas: touch - touch If the word has a suffix a, write a in the root: touch, touch, no suffix a, write o: touch, touch 3. Alternation of vowels in the roots mok//mak : soaked - dunk If in words with roots -mok- // -mak- the meaning is: “to let liquid through, to absorb liquid,” then write o: soaked in the rain, “immerse in liquid,” write a: dunk. 4. Alternation of vowels in the roots rovn//ravn: level -equalize If in words with roots -rovn-//-equal- meaning: “even, smooth”, write about: level the road, level out the holes, “equality”, write a : equalize rights, equilateral.

5. Alternation of vowels in the roots gor//gar, tvor//tvar, clone//clan: damn it burnt If the roots are -gar- // -gor- , -tvar- // -tvor- , -clan- // -clone- without stress, write about: burn, bow, create, under stress, write as you hear: tan, bow, creativity, creature. Exception: burning 6. Alternation of vowels in the roots zor//zar: zarya´ If the roots -zar-//-zor- are without stress, write a: zarya´, zarnitsy under stress, write as you hear: zo´ ri. Exception: zareva´t 7. Alternation of vowels in the roots pilaf//plav: float´k– swimmers´ (excl.) If the roots -plaf-//-plov- without stress, write a: float´k, under stress write, as you hear: swim, swim, swim. Exception: swimmers´, swimmer´ts, swimmers´ha, quicksand´ 8. Alternation of vowels in the roots ros//rast//rasch, lag//lozh, skak//skoch: a plant has grown, the term is addition, jump is upstart If radical consonants: s, write about: grew, st or sch, then a: grow, grown, w, write about: sentence, g, then a: term, h, write about: upstart, k, then a: jump rope. Exception: Rostok, moneylender, Rostov, Rostislav

TASK 9. SPELLING PRESIDENTS Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter. pr...get up, pr...darling...pick up, r...sent to throw...throw, and...scare pr...despondent, pr...tear about...throw, on...writing Answer: scatter, scare, scare, scatter

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Which prefixes are always written the same way? Which prefixes are spelled differently? There are many prefixes in the Russian language. Some are always written the same way; making mistakes in their writing is especially offensive. Some prefixes are written strictly according to the rule: understand how to act, and you won’t make a mistake. And there are those that require constant attention, for example pre- and pre- prefixes. Previously, spelling tasks for prefixes also included words with other spellings: - И and ы in the root after consonant prefixes - Ъ and ь. But now the wording of the task has been changed. In task 9 there will only be words in which the letters in the prefixes are missing.

WHAT PREFACES ARE ALWAYS SPELLED THE SAME? 1. Prefixes in-, about-, from-, over-, under-, y-, o-, you-, on-, for-, before-, on-, re-: enter - bring in - run in - stand up No problems! Always write them the same way! A list of examples will help you remember these prefixes: Inscription, signature and dodge, ending, screwdriver, exit, entry and attack, and income, and eating, and also entry, hike and underground passage. In Russian words there are also borrowed foreign language prefixes: dez-, counter-, trans-, post-, sub-, super-, pan-. Always write them the same way. 2. Prefix s-: change There is only the prefix s-. Misspellings of this little prefix are so common that a special rule had to be created. The point is also that many people confuse the prefix s- with prefixes ending in the letters s or z. They will be discussed below. Write the prefix s- always the same way: both before vowels and before any consonants: surrender, make, wash away. Before paired voiced consonants, the prefix s- is pronounced like [z]: to do, to hand over. Do not confuse: In the words here, building, health, (not visible) nor zgi and other similar ones, the letter z refers to the root.

WHAT PREFACES ARE SPELLED DIFFERENTLY? 1. Prefixes ending with the letters z and s: helpless - homeless Attention to the border between the prefix and the root! Prefixes: once-// race-, from-//is-, without-// bes-, through-// vos-, up-// all-, bottom-// down-, through-// through- , through-// through- if the root of the word begins with a vowel or a voiced consonant, write with the letter z: homeless, if the root begins with a voiceless consonant, write with the letter s: helpless. 2. Prefixes great-//pro: great-grandson - truant Think about the meaning: If the meanings are expressed: “prescription, history, antiquity, remoteness of times, phenomena, relationships, persons,” write great-: great-grandfather, proto-Slavic language, any others - write prefix pro-: stand (long), view (quickly, quickly), prescribe (prescribe treatment), pro-Russian politics, etc.

3. Prefixes raz- (ras-)//ро´з- (ро´с): paint – paint Pay attention to stress: In the prefixes raz-, ras-//roz-, ros- without stress, write a: rassk ´z, under the stress – o: tales. 4. Prefixes pre-//pri-: very dear, barrier - come, tie, cover, roadside Think about the meaning: Write pre-, if the meanings are conveyed: “very” - very dear, old, “pere” - barrier. Write with-, if the meanings are conveyed: “approaching” - come, arrive, “joining” - sew, tie, “a little bit” - cover, slightly open, “about, close” - coastal, roadside Attention: Many words are not included in listed groups: get used to, be present, listen and others. Try to remember their spelling.

TASK 10. SPELLING SUFFIXES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH (EXCEPT SUFFIXES WITH N AND NN) Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap. ...answer: nickel

REFERENCE INFORMATION Task 10 does not include spellings with n - nn (a separate task is devoted to this topic). But even without them, the volume of material is large, because Russian is a language with a developed suffix system: there are many suffixes. A literate person needs to know the spelling of suffixes of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs. However, not all suffixes are found in KIMs. The wording of the tasks involves searching for words with either the letter e or the letter i. This allows you to significantly narrow the circle of “necessary” suffixes. Moreover, in the vast majority training options prepared by FIPI, the tasks actually contain mainly verbs in the indefinite form, participles, gerunds, and adjectives. Are there any questions regarding the spelling of noun suffixes? Yes, because, firstly, this is provided for by the “Generalized Plan of Examination Work for the Unified State Exam in the Russian Language” and, secondly, noun suffixes with a diminutive meaning are found in tasks.

SUFFIXES OF VERBS 1. Suffixes ova, eva, yva, iva: draw, grieve - be late, evaluate Advice: Test yourself, for this determine the form of the 1st person singular present or future tense. If in the form of the 1st person singular of the present or future tense there are combinations yu, yuyu, then write the suffixes ova, eva: advise - I advise, command - I command eva, ivayu, then write the suffixes yva, iva: to be late - I’m late, to consider - I am considering Note: eva and iva are phonetic variants of the suffixes ova and eva, which occur after soft consonants. 2. Distinguishing between the suffixes e + va and yva, iva: overcome, fall ill - justify, reassure Advice: Pay attention to the emphasis. The suffix va is always stressed: overcome, fall ill. Before the suffix wa, write the suffix e. The suffixes ыва, ыва are unstressed: write down, glue, aim. Don't get confused: In words like pour, chant, the letters i and e are at the root. 3. Suffixes in the indefinite form of the verb: see, paint Suffixes for verbs of the 1st conjugation are different. Suffix of the verb stem of the 2nd conjugation and. Attention: Exception verbs for this task are not of interest: after all, you need to recognize the letter not in the ending, but in the suffix. Therefore, if you define a letter in a suffix indeterminate form verb, feel free to write e in exception verbs in et with an unstressed letter in the suffix: to offend, to see, to hate, to depend and derivatives from them: to see, to envy, to be offended and others like that. In other exception words, the suffix is ​​in stressed position. 4. Suffixes in participles and gerunds. In task 10, no one checks whether you know the suffixes of participles and gerunds. In participles and gerunds, vowel stems are missing, from which the data in the form assignments are derived. Examples from tasks: gluing..., pulling out..., aiming, hoping..., worm...ing, squealing...

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES Only suffixes of denominal adjectives are considered here, since this is the material that relates to the topic ( verbal adjectives- these are words whose suffixes contain the spelling n-nn). The list of suffixes of adjectives formed from nouns cannot be reduced to the two rules given below, but in the practice of the Unified State Examination, words based on these rules are used. 1. Suffixes iv, ev, liv, chiv: beautiful - fighting, happy, trusting Advice: Pay attention to the emphasis. In adjectives formed from nouns: - under stress, write the suffix iv: beautiful - without stress - suffix ev: combat. Write the suffix liv, chiv and under stress: happy, and without stress: trusting. 2. Suffixes ov, ovat, ovit - ev, evat, evit: businesslike, grayish, poisonous - speech, bluish, militant Advice: Attention to the last consonant of the root. After hard consonants, write the suffixes ov, ovat, ovite: businesslike, grayish, poisonous. After soft consonants, sibilants, ch and ts, write the suffixes ev, evat, evit: speech, bluish, militant.

SUFFIXES WITH DIMINATORY MEANING. 1) Suffixes ik, ek: ball - handkerchief. Watch for the fluent e vowel when changing the word. If, when changing a word, the vowel sound [i] is preserved, write the suffix ik: ball - balls, the vowel sound disappears, write the suffix ek: handkerchief - handkerchief 2) Suffixes ec, itz: brother - clever, coat - dress Find out the gender of the noun. In masculine nouns, write the suffix ets: brother, feminine finger - its: beauty, smart girl of the neuter gender can be both ets and its: in a pre-stressed syllable (before the stress) write ec: paltetso´, letter´ in a post-stressed syllable (after the stress ) write itz: dress, little chair 3) Suffixes echk, ichk: daughter, place, Vanechka - onion For feminine words, define the derivative word. In nouns, write the suffix echk: little insect, dochechka, shtetl, vremechko, Vanechka, Sashechka Do not confuse: In feminine nouns formed from nouns with the suffix itc, write the suffixes ich and k: tit← tit, button←button, onion←onion. 4) Suffixes onk and enk: apple tree - daughter Determine what sound is before the suffix. In nouns after hard consonants write the suffix onk: kitchenette, kitty, laponka vowels, hissing and soft consonants - suffix enk: Zoenka, darling, daughter, grandmother 5) Suffix k in combinations ink, enk: middle, cherry Look for the generating stem. If in feminine nouns with the suffix k the generating stem is in, write the suffixes in and k: middle+ka← middle on n, write the combination of letters enk: cherry+ka←cherry.

TASK 11. SPELLING OF PERSONAL ENDINGS OF VERBS AND SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION In order to avoid the pitfalls, prepare for task 11 step by step. Just three steps guarantee you against mistakes. Step 1. Selecting vowels in unstressed endings of verbs. Personal endings of verbs In the personal endings of verbs of the present and future tense, in the endings of verbs of the 1st conjugation, write the vowels e, u (yu): you have, has, we have, have, have in the endings of verbs of the 2nd conjugation - and, a (ya) : look, look, look, look, look So, to correctly write vowels in unstressed endings, you need to be able to accurately determine the conjugation of a verb! Remember: The 2nd conjugation includes verbs: with the suffix -i at the base of the indefinite form: to love Exception: Shave, lay - verbs of the 1st conjugation: shaves, shave, lay, lay and their derivatives: lay, lay, re-lay and others . 7 exception verbs with the suffix -e at the base of the indefinite form. Remember them: endure, twirl, offend, depend, hate, and see, and look and their derivatives, for example: look, inspect, look out, finish watching, look enough, stare and others. 4 verbs with the suffix - a. Remember them: drive, hold, hear, breathe and their derivatives: drive away, catch up, drive out, drive out and others. The 1st conjugation includes the remaining verbs c unstressed endings: play, draw, pull, throw and others. Attention: The verbs want, run and honor are special. They and all derivatives from them, for example: run, run, run across, run away, run, etc., are classified as heterogeneous verbs.

Step 2. Selecting vowels in the suffixes of present participles. Suffixes of present participles Participles can be different: active and passive, present and past tense. To avoid mistakes in their spelling, it will help to realize that present participles are formed from the stem of the present tense verb, and past participles are formed from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb. Therefore, when choosing suffixes for present participles, determine the conjugation of the verb. This will help you choose the right suffix. And for error-free writing of past participles, it is important to know the suffix at the base of the indefinite form of the verb. 1. Suffixes - ush(-yush),- ash(-yash) in active participles present tense: knowing, loving Determine the conjugation of the verb. In participles formed from verbs of the 1st conjugation, write the suffix -ushch (-yushch): knowing, reading. from verbs of the 2nd conjugation - - аш (-яш): loving, seeing Please note: Active present participles are formed from the stems of present tense verbs: knows, know – 1st conjugation, stem knowing + suffix -yushch → knowing , love it, love yat – 2nd conjugation, base love + suffix -yash → loving. 2. Suffixes - eat (-om), -im in the passive participles of the present tense: lift ем й, мід мій й Determine the conjugation of the verb. In participles formed from verbs of the 1st conjugation, write the suffix -em -om: raised, driven, 2nd conjugation - -im: beloved, visible Pay attention: Passive participles present tense are formed from the stems of transitive verbs of the present tense: lifts, lifts - 1st conjugation, base rise + suffix -em → lifted, loves it, loves - 2nd conjugation, base love + suffix - -im → loved .

Step 3. Selecting vowels in past participle suffixes. Suffixes of past participles 1. Vowels before the suffixes - вш, -ш in active past participles: saw, heard, walked Determine the final vowel at the base of the indefinite form of the verb. In active past participles, before the suffixes -вш, -ш, write the same vowel that is written at the base of the indefinite form of the verb: seen←seen, heard←heard. 2. Distinguishing between the vowels of the suffix of the verb stem -а (я) before the suffix - nn and the suffix - enne in passive past participles: lost, seen Determine the final vowel at the base of the indefinite form of the verb. If passive participles are formed from the base of the indefinite form of verbs with the suffix -a- -я-, before the participle suffix -nn- write the letters a(i): lost ← lose, with suffixes -i- or -e-, in the suffix -enn- write the letter e: filled ← fill.

TASK 14. SPELLING -Н- AND -НН- IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written. The originality of the art of the (1) world of N. V. Gogol’s (2) stories is connected (3) with the use of folklore traditions: from folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works. Answer: 124

REFERENCE MATERIALS Н-НН IN ADVERBS, ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES, FULL AND SHORT 1. The following are written with one letter n: 1. Adjectives with a non-derivative base: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. The letter n is part of the root. 2. Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer). 3. Denominate adjectives with the suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. meaning “name of material, substance”), i-in: mouse, sparrow (adj. meaning “accessories”). Exception: wooden, tin, glass letters with two letters NN. 4. Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat. Exception: Write words from the list with two letters nn: given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unprecedented, unexpected, unexpected Do not confuse : The list of exceptions does not include the words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consonant with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest, sworn brother. 5. Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.r.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms, if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red) , the sun is red, the girls are red. 6. Adverbs na-o and -e, formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.

2. WITH TWO LETTERS NN THE following are written: 1. Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n, if the root of the noun ends in the letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy. 2. Denominate adjectives with the suffixes -enn, -onn: letter, portion. Exception: windy person, windmill, chicken pox, but windless day, downwind. 3. Verbal adjectives with the suffix -nn: uprooted area, defective item. Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn. Write the suffix -NN in verbal adjectives formed from a generating stem with suffixes: -eva//-ova, -eva: uprooted←uproot, formed←form. It’s easier to remember this way: adjectives ending in eva+nn+y, ova+nn+y, eva+nn+y. 4. Adjectives-exceptions from paragraphs: 1.3. Exception: wooden, tin, glass write with two letters - nn. 1.4. Exception: given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unexpected. 5. Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list words to remember in paragraph 5 along with other examples). 6. Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters nn (except for the form m.r. singular, which always has one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable. 7. Adverbs ending in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with two letters nn: sincerely, thoughtfully, calmly.