ICOM Code of Museum Ethics. Geoffrey Lewis "The role of museums and the code of museum ethics"

The cornerstone of ICOM is ICOM Code of Museum Ethics. It sets minimum standards professional activities for museums and museum workers. When joining ICOM, its members are obliged to follow the provisions of the Code.

Introductory part

Status of the ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics was prepared by the International Council of Museums. It contains ethical provisions for museums, referenced in the ICOM Statutes. The Code reflects principles generally accepted by the international museum community. ICOM membership and payment of annual dues constitute confirmation ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

Minimum standards for museums.

ICOM Code sets out minimum standards for museums. They are presented as a set of principles supported by professional practice guidelines. In some countries, specific minimum standards are specified by law or government regulation. In others, guidance and assessment of minimum professional standards may be available in the form of "accreditation", "registration" or similar assessment schemes. If such standards are not defined, guidance may be obtained through the ICOM Secretariat, the ICOM National Committee or the relevant ICOM International Committee. It is also intended that individual countries and specialized organizations associated with museums should use this code as a basis for the development of additional standards.

Translations of the ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics published on three official languages organizations - English, French and Spanish. ICOM welcomes translation of the code into other languages. However, a translation will only be considered official if it is recommended by at least one national committee countries in which this language is spoken, usually the first. If a language is used in more than one country, it is preferable that the translation also be discussed in the national committees of those countries. When preparing official translations, linguistic as well as museum expertise is required. The language version used for translation and the names of the National Committees involved must be indicated. These conditions do not limit the translation of the code in whole or in part for pedagogical use or study.

Introduction

Geoffrey Lewis

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics

Museums preserve, interpret and promote humankind's natural and cultural heritage.

Installed position

Material resources

Staff

Museums preserve collections for the benefit of society and its progress

Purchasing collections

Moving Collections

Collection storage

Museums preserve the primary evidence for establishing and disseminating knowledge.

Primary evidence

Museum collecting and research

Museums provide opportunities for the appreciation, understanding and management of natural and cultural heritage.

Exposition and exhibition

Other sources

Museums own sources that provide opportunities for other services and profits.

Identification services

The Museum works closely with the communities from which its collections come, as well as those it serves.

Origin of the collections

Respect for communities

Museums operate on a legal basis.

Legal structure

Museums operate professionally.

Professional Conduct

Conflicts of interest

Code of Professional Ethics of the International Council of Museums ICOM (International Council of Museums)

I. Preamble

The ICOM (International Council of Museums) Code of Professional Ethics was unanimously adopted on November 4, 1986 at the 15th ICOM General Assembly in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Code formulates general provisions of professional ethics, respect for which is considered as minimum requirement for compliance by professional museum workers. IN special cases ICOM supports and encourages possible development and strengthening the Code to meet specific national or specialized requirements. A copy of such amendments to the Code should be sent to the Secretary General of ICOM at: Maison l'UNESCO, 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France.

This Code should be considered as a definition of professional ethics in accordance with the following articles: 2, paragraph 2; 9, paragraph 1(d); 14, paragraph 17(b); 15, paragraph 7(c); 17, paragraph 12 (e) and 18, paragraph 7 (d), ICOM Statutes.

1. Definitions

1.1. International Council of Museums ICOM.

ICOM, defined in Article 1, paragraph 1, of its Constitution, is “an international non-governmental organization of museums and museum professionals created to develop the interests of museology and other disciplines related to the management and operation of museums.”

The objectives of ICOM, as defined in Article 3, paragraph 1, of its Statutes, are:

(A) Encourage and support the establishment, development and professional management of museums of all kinds;

(B) improve knowledge and understanding of the nature, functions and role of museums in the service of society and its development;

(D) Represent, support, and promote the interests of museum professionals in various disciplines.

(E) To develop and disseminate knowledge in museology and other disciplines relevant to museum management and various types work.

In Article 2, Paragraph 1 of the Statutes of the International Council of Museums, a museum is defined as:

a non-profit, permanent institution dedicated to the service and development of society, open to general public, which acquires, preserves, researches, reports, and displays the tangible evidence of people and their environments for the purpose of study, education, and enjoyment.

(A) the above definition of a museum shall apply without limitation based on the nature of the management, territorial features, functional structure, or orientation of the collections of the said institution.

(B) In addition to institutions designated as “museums,” the following museums are included in this definition:

(i) natural, archaeological and ethnographic monuments and sites that acquire, preserve and communicate material evidence of people and their environments;

(ii) institutions that maintain collections and display living specimens of plants and animals, such as botanical and zoological gardens, aquariums and vivariums;

(iii) scientific centers and planetariums;

(iv) storage institutions and exhibition galleries permanently maintained by libraries and archival centers;

(v) nature reserves;

(vi) international, national, regional or local museum organizations, ministries, departments or public agencies responsible for museums as defined in this article;

(vii) non-profit institutions or organizations engaged in research, education, training, documentation and other activities related to museums and museology;

(viii) such other institutions, such as the Executive Council, which, upon application to the Advisory Committee, are recognized as having some or all of the characteristics of a museum, or providing support to museums and museum professionals through methodological research, education or training.

1.3. Professional museum workers.

In Article 2, paragraph 2 of its Statutes, ICOM defines professional museum workers as follows:

Professional museum workers include all personnel of museums or institutions qualified as museums, as defined in Article 2, paragraph 1 (as detailed in paragraph 1.2 above), who have specialized training or equivalent practical experience in any field, relating to the management and operation of the museum, as well as freelance workers, complying with the ICOM Code of Professional Conduct and working for museums as defined above, or engaged in professional or advisory activities, but not dealing with commercial products or equipment required for museums and museum services.

1.4. Governing body

The management and control of museums in matters of politics, finance, administration, etc., vary significantly in different countries, and often in different museums within the same country according to the legal and other national or local conditions of a particular country or institution.

In the case of many national museums, the director, curator or other professional manager of the museum may be appointed by and report directly to a minister or government department, whereas most local government museums are managed and controlled by the relevant administration. In many other cases, the museum is managed and controlled by some independent body, such as a board of trustees, a society, a non-profit company, or an individual.

For the purposes of this Code, the term "governing body" has been used throughout to refer to the principal management concerned with the policy, finance and administration of the museum. This could be an individual minister or official, Ministry, local authority, board of trustees, society, museum director or any other private person or body. Directors, curators or other museum managers are responsible for the proper care and management of the museum.

APPROVED
by order
dated September 30, 2013 No. 271-OD

Code of Professional Ethics for Employees
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Culture
“State Museum-Reserve M.A. Sholokhov"

I. General provisions

1.1. This Code of Professional Ethics for Employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Culture “State Museum-Reserve M.A. Sholokhov" (hereinafter - the Code) is a set of basic basic values, norms and principles related to the implementation by employees of the institution (hereinafter - the employee) of the main directions of state policy in the field of museum activities, the protection of cultural and natural heritage in the performance of professional duties.

1.2. Legal basis The Code constitutes the Constitution Russian Federation, generally accepted principles and norms international law, current federal laws, regulatory legal acts The President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation and other bodies state power, ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

1.3. The purpose of this Code is to establish the rules of official conduct of an employee for the implementation of professional activities.

1.4. The provisions of this Code are mandatory for employees and are an integral part of the professional standards of employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Culture “State Museum-Reserve M.A. Sholokhov" (hereinafter referred to as the Museum).

II. Basic concepts used in this Code

2.1. For the purposes of this Code, the following concepts are used:

professional ethics is a set of moral norms that determine a person’s attitude towards his professional duty;

the code of professional ethics is a set of standards of appropriate behavior for Museum employees;

material benefit - an acquisition that can be received by an employee, his close relatives as a result of the use or abuse of official powers, as well as illegal actions in the interests of third parties in order to receive remuneration from them and which can be defined as income in accordance with the tax legislation of the Russian Federation ;

personal benefit - the interest of the employee and his close relatives in obtaining intangible benefits and intangible advantages, which can be expressed in achieving obvious personal goals;

conflict of interest - a situation in which a contradiction arises between the employee’s interest in obtaining material or personal benefit and the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, organizations, society or the state, which may affect the proper performance of the employee job responsibilities;

corruption - abuse of official powers, giving a bribe, receiving a bribe or other illegal use by an individual of his official position contrary to the legitimate interests of society and the state, individual citizens in order to obtain benefits in the form of money, valuables, other property or services of a property nature for himself or for third parties persons, or the illegal provision of such benefits to the specified person by other individuals, as well as the commission of these acts on behalf of or in the interests of a legal entity;

confidential information - documented information on any medium, access to which is limited in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, which became known to the employee in connection with the performance of official duties.

III.Basic principles of professional ethics of workers

3.1. The employee’s activities are based on the following principles of professional ethics:

Legality;
- priority of the rights and interests of citizens;
- professionalism;
- conscientiousness;
- confidentiality;
- information openness;
- effective internal control;
- justice.

IV. Basic ethical values of the employee

4.1. The main values for an employee when carrying out his official duties are the person and society, the development and self-realization of the individual, the preservation of the national identity of peoples, ensuring the integrity and safety of museum objects transferred for storage.

4.2. Worker:

Promotes the preservation, development, dissemination of cultural heritage and popularization of natural heritage;

Recognizes the value of every person and his right to be introduced to cultural and natural values, to have access to museum funds;

Helps encourage citizens to engage in creativity and cultural development, engage in self-education, and crafts;

Contributes to the creation of conditions for aesthetic education in the field of the Museum’s activities;

Provides storage, acquisition, accounting of the museum fund;

Takes into account the individuality, interests and cultural needs of citizens.

4.3. The employee's professional values include:

Creating conditions and ensuring equal opportunities for access to cultural values and information resources of the Museum;

Innovation and research activities;

Professional and communicative competence;

Correspondence high status museum worker, based on professional knowledge and ethical behavior;

Ensuring the safety and documentation of collections under its jurisdiction;

Ensuring the preservation of historical, cultural and natural heritage sites and their popularization;

Clear guidance of the current federal legislation in the field of protection of cultural heritage sites.

4.4. The employee’s professional values also include:

The values of ethical responsibility to the profession - upholding and protecting the dignity and integrity of the profession, development ethical standards, knowledge and mission of cultural activities;

Values associated with the need for self-realization, self-affirmation and self-improvement of the employee’s personality, achieving professionalism in activities.

V. General rules of conduct during the performance of official duties by an employee

5.1. The employee is obliged to adhere to the following rules of conduct when performing official duties:

Carry out official duties conscientiously and at a high professional level, observing the requirements of current legislation in order to ensure efficient work The Museum and the implementation of the tasks assigned to it;

Observe the priority of public interests and universal humanistic values;

Not to give preference to any professional or social groups and organizations, to be independent from the influence of individual citizens, professional or social groups and organizations;

Exclude actions related to the possibility of acquiring material or personal gain, the influence of any personal, property (financial) or other interests that interfere with the conscientious performance of official duties;

Be correct, attentive, friendly and polite;

Show respect for the customs and traditions of the peoples of Russia, take into account the cultural and other characteristics of various ethnic and social groups, promote interethnic and interfaith harmony;

Refrain from public statements, judgments and assessments regarding activities government agencies, their leaders;

Create conditions for the development of a fair competitive environment and ensure objectivity and transparency when placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, and provision of services for government needs;

Avoid behavior that could cast doubt on the objective performance of one’s official duties, and also avoid conflict situations, capable of damaging his reputation or the authority of the Museum;

Adhere to the rules of business conduct;

Maintain order in the workplace.

5.2. The employee has no right:

Abuse official powers, incite someone to commit offenses, including corruption-related ones;

When performing official duties, behave defiantly towards others, show negative emotions, use words and expressions that are not permitted by business etiquette.

5.3. In official conduct, the employee refrains from:

Any type of statements and actions of a discriminatory nature on the basis of gender, age, race, nationality, language, citizenship, social, property or marital status, political or religious preferences;

Rudeness, displays of a dismissive tone, arrogance, biased remarks, presentation of unlawful, undeserved accusations;

Threats, offensive language or remarks, actions that interfere with normal communication or provoke illegal behavior;

Smoking.

VI. Handling proprietary information

6.1. Taking into account the main provisions of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection" and the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ "On Personal Data" regarding access to confidential information, at the disposal of the Museum, the employee is obliged to process and transmit information only in compliance with the norms and requirements provided for by current legislation.

6.2. An employee, if he has the right to access confidential information, is obliged to take measures to ensure the security and confidentiality of information that he has become aware of and for which he is responsible in accordance with current legislation.

6.3. An employee has no right to misuse information that he may receive during the performance of his official duties or in connection with them.

VII. Treatment of entrusted financial means,
material, technical and other resources

7.1. When exercising official powers, an employee must effectively and economically manage the financial resources, property, material, technical and other resources entrusted to him that cannot be used for personal purposes.

7.2. Based on the need for strict compliance with the requirements of the law on placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services and in order to prevent corruption and other abuses in the field of placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services, employees are prohibited from:

When carrying out procedures for placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services, enter into any negotiations with potential participants in placing orders;

Create, through any actions, preferential conditions for a certain circle of participants in placing orders;

Use your official position contrary to the legitimate interests of the Museum in order to obtain material or personal benefits in the form of money, valuables, other property or services of a property nature, etc. property rights for yourself or for third parties.

VIII. Conflict of interest

8.1. In order to prevent the emergence of a conflict of interest in the Museum, the employee is obliged to:

Refrain from taking actions and making decisions that could lead to a conflict of interest;

Act in strict accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, comply with the rules and procedures provided for by the current legislation and this Code;

Bring any potential conflict of interest to the attention of your superior.

8.2. If the immediate supervisor does not properly respond to the information received from the employee, the employee should contact a superior manager, who has the right to initiate or conduct a review of the information received.

IX. Employee appearance

9.1. The appearance of an employee when performing his official duties, depending on the conditions of service and the format of the official event, must correspond to the generally accepted business style, which is distinguished by formality, restraint, and accuracy.

X. Employee Responsibility

10.1. Analysis and assessment of compliance with the rules of professional ethics provided for by this Code are mandatory when appointing a higher position, considering issues of promotion and reward, as well as imposing disciplinary sanctions.

Federal state budget
cultural institution
State Historical and Architectural
and artistic
museum-reserve
"Alexandrovskaya Sloboda"

Code
Professional ethics

employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Historical and Architectural
and the art museum-reserve "Alexandrovskaya Sloboda"

Introductory part

Federal State budgetary institution culture “State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve “Alexandrovskaya Sloboda” (hereinafter referred to as the Museum-Reserve) is a non-profit organization carrying out cultural, educational and scientific activities for the preservation, study and public presentation of the historical and cultural heritage of the 16th-20th centuries.
The museum-reserve is located in the Alexander Kremlin, an authentic palace and temple architectural complex, known in history as the Alexander Sloboda. The first Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible, staying here for 17 years, determined the exceptional political, diplomatic and cultural role of Sloboda in the country, which allowed it to assume capital status. The presentation of this historical and cultural heritage, the era of the Russian Middle Ages, the role of Ivan the Terrible is the dominant theme of the exhibition complex, excursion displays and programs of the museum-reserve.
The main goals of the museum-reserve are:

- implementation of educational, research and educational activities;
- storage of museum objects and museum collections;
- identifying and collecting museum objects and museum collections;
- study of museum objects and museum collections;
- public presentation of museum objects and museum collections;
- ensuring the safety of cultural heritage objects transferred to the Museum-Reserve and citizens’ access to them, preserving, studying and popularizing these objects;
- ensuring the maintenance regime for a place of interest classified as a historical and cultural reserve or ensemble;
- preservation within the boundaries of the territory of the Museum-Reserve of historically established types of activities (including the maintenance of traditional lifestyles and environmental management), carried out in established ways characteristic of this territory; folk arts and crafts; providing excursion services;
- provision of information services;
- creating conditions for tourism activities in the city and region.

1. General provisions

1.1. This Code of Professional Ethics (hereinafter referred to as the Code) for employees of the Museum-Reserve is based on generally accepted moral principles and norms of the Russian Federation and society, and corresponds to the standard form of the Code of Professional Ethics for employees government agencies culture, as well as the ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.
1.2. The Code is a set of general principles of professional work ethics, moral and ethical standards, obligations and requirements of official behavior that should guide the employees of the Museum-Reserve, regardless of their position.
1.3. A citizen who goes to work at the Museum-Reserve becomes familiar with the provisions of the Code and complies with them in the course of his or her work activity, being in any position as an employee of the Museum-Reserve.
1.4. This Code:
1.4.1. designed to help strengthen the authority of the Museum-Reserve employee and ensure a unified moral and normative basis for the behavior of all employees;
1.4.2. designed to improve the employee’s performance of their job duties;
1.4.3. designed to promote moral ideals, integrity and principles social justice in the professional activities of the Museum-Reserve staff.
1.5. Knowledge and compliance by an employee of the Museum-Reserve with the provisions of the Code is one of the criteria for assessing the quality of his professional activities.

2. Basic moral and ethical

And moral principles behavior
employees of the Museum-Reserve

2.1. The professional duty of each employee of the Museum-Reserve in relation to the team in which he works is to subordinate his actions and behavior to common goals for the entire team, defined in the Museum Charter, to assist colleagues in achieving these goals, and to ensure consistency in the actions of all team members.
2.2. Employees of the Museum-Reserve must help create an atmosphere of trust, goodwill, mutual cooperation, honesty, justice, and respect for the dignity and rights of each employee.
2.3. Among the employees of the Museum-Reserve, any discrimination based on gender, age, nationality and religious affiliation, work experience, education, social origin, property status, beliefs, party affiliation, etc.
2.4. The employees of the Museum-Reserve are obliged to observe the principle of respect for the personality of any person who contacts the institution.
2.5. Recognition, observance and protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of man and citizen are mandatory moral criteria in the professional activities of an employee of the Museum-Reserve.
2.6. When carrying out their professional activities, employees of the Museum-Reserve are obliged to help resolve issues and meet the needs of citizens who contact the institution.
2.7. Employees of the Museum-Reserve are obliged to ensure the confidentiality of information that has become known to them in connection with the performance of their official duties. privacy, honor and dignity of any citizen. Information about items received by the museum for identification is confidential and should not be published or transferred to another institution or person without the express permission of the owner. Information about the security of the museum and premises visited on official duties must be kept strictly confidential by employees of the Museum-Reserve. Violation of confidentiality is permissible, according to the laws of the Russian Federation, when fulfilling a civic duty involving assistance to employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or other relevant structures in the search for possibly stolen, illegally acquired or displaced cultural property.
2.8. In their professional activities, employees of the Museum-Reserve are obliged to be guided by the norms of current legislation and comply with the conditions of contracts concluded with them employment contracts, fulfill the demands of their job descriptions and internal labor regulations of the institution.

3. Compliance requirements
moral, ethical and moral standards

3.1. When performing their official duties, employees of the Museum-Reserve are obliged to adhere to impeccable standards of personal and professional behavior and to perform their work conscientiously.
3.2. Honesty and decency are mandatory rules of moral behavior for employees of the Museum-Reserve.
3.3. The moral guidelines of each employee of the Museum-Reserve are correctness, politeness, goodwill, attentive attitude towards colleagues and all persons who contact the institution.
3.4. Employees of the Museum-Reserve must show tolerance towards people, regardless of their nationality, religion, or political orientation; respect for the customs and traditions of the peoples of Russia, take into account the cultural and other characteristics of various ethnic, social groups and faiths.

4. Requirements for an employee
Museum-Reserve when performing
his professional duties

4.1. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must comply with the standards when performing official duties. business etiquette when communicating with colleagues and other persons who contact the institution, be polite and friendly in communication, avoid slang and profane language.
4.2. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must have appearance, approved by the institution’s dress code. The generally accepted classical business style, characterized by formality, restraint, accuracy.
4.3. An employee of the Museum-Reserve is obliged to comply with generally accepted rules of polite communication over the telephone and provision of necessary and permitted information.
4.4. An employee of the Museum-Reserve is responsible for the organization and condition of his workplace and its maintenance in proper form.
4.5. An employee of the Museum-Reserve is obliged to follow the rules fire safety, safety requirements and sanitary standards.
4.6. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must not use museum objects for personal purposes or for personal gain.
4.7. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must avoid situations that could be construed as inappropriate behavior.
4.8. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must not accept illegal remuneration, loans or personal favors that may be offered or given in connection with the performance of official duties.
4.9. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must promote the research, preservation and use of information contained in museum collections. Therefore, he must avoid any activity or circumstances that may lead to the loss of academic and scientific data.
4.10. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must in no way support the illegal trafficking of cultural property.
4.11. An employee of the Museum-Reserve should not participate directly or indirectly in transactions (purchase or sale for profit) with cultural property.
4.12. An employee of the Museum-Reserve must not compete with the institution either in the acquisition of cultural property or in any personal collecting activities.

5. Ethics in relationships
between the manager
and subordinates
in the Museum-Reserve

5.1. Creating constructive professional relationships between managers and subordinates is necessary for the daily effective functioning of the institution.
5.2. An employee of the Museum-Reserve, vested with organizational and administrative powers in relation to other employees:
5.2.1. must be for them a model of professionalism, an example of good command of ethical standards and rules of business etiquette;
5.2.2. should contribute to the formation and maintenance of a moral and psychological climate in the team that is favorable for effective work.
5.3. In order to maintain a favorable moral and psychological climate in the team, an employee of the Museum-Reserve should:
5.3.1. promote the establishment of business and friendly relationships in the team;
5.3.2. maintain subordination, be diligent, carry out instructions and orders of management accurately and on time;
5.3.3. An employee of the Museum-Reserve is obliged to follow generally accepted standards of behavior and the established positive traditions of the institution.

6. Final provisions

6.1. Each employee of the Museum-Reserve (including newly hired employees) must be familiarized with this Code upon signature.
6.2. Each employee of the Museum-Reserve must strive to follow the provisions of this Code.
6.3. Compliance by an employee with the norms of the Code is taken into account when assessing the performance results of an employee of the Museum-Reserve.
6.4. Violation of the provisions of the Code by an employee of the Museum-Reserve entails moral and ethical responsibility to other employees. In the event of a conflict of interests between an employee and the Museum-Reserve as a whole, the interests of the institution take precedence.

Approved
Director of the museum-reserve
"Alexandrovskaya Sloboda"
Petrukhno A. S.

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics

The cornerstone of ICOM is ICOM Code of Museum Ethics. It sets minimum professional standards for museums and museum workers. When joining ICOM, its members are obliged to follow the provisions of the Code.

INTRODUCTORY PART

Status of the ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

Minimum standards for museums.

Translations of the ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

Introduction

Geoffrey Lewis

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics

Installed position

Material resources

· Finance

· Staff

Museums preserve collections for the benefit of society and its progress

· Purchase of collections

· Moving collections

· Storage of collections

· Primary evidence

· Museum collecting and research

·Exhibition and exhibition

· Other sources

· Identification services

The Museum works closely with the communities from which its collections come, as well as those it serves.

· Origin of collections

· Respect for communities

Legal structure

Museums operate professionally.

· Professional behavior

· Conflicts of interest

Glossary

INTRODUCTION

This edition ICOM Code of Museum Ethics is the result of six years of work. Carefully revised in the light of contemporary museum practice and building on an earlier draft, the previous revised code was published in 2001. As envisaged at the time, it was entirely redrafted, drawing on key principles of professional practice to create a general guide to ethics. The Code was the subject of three rounds of consultations with members. It was warmly approved by XXI General Assembly ICOM in 2004 (Seoul).

The essence of the document is that the professionalism of museum workers serves society and various groups of museum visitors. Minor changes have been made to the structure of the Code: new clauses are included in paragraph 2.11. and sections 3, 5 and 6.

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics provides a means of professional self-regulation in a key area of public provision where legislation at national level is not always consistent. It sets out minimum standards of behavior and performance to which museum professionals around the world can aspire, and ensures that visitors have reasonable expectations of the museum profession.

ICOM published Acquisition ethics(1970) and complete Code of Professional Ethics(1986) This edition, like his intermediate option 2001, are marked by the influence of previous work. However, much of the review and restructuring came from the members of the Ethics Committee. Their contributions are gratefully appreciated.

Our term of office has come to an end and we are transferring responsibility for the Code to the members of a new committee headed by Bernice Murphy, armed with the knowledge and experience gained as Vice-President of ICOM and a member of the Ethics Committee.

Like earlier versions, this Code guarantees a common minimum standard by which national and special groups can be created. ICOM promotes the development of national and specific codes of ethics for the development of specific requirements and would be pleased to receive copies. They should be sent to the Secretary General of ICOM.

Geoffrey Lewis, Chairman of the ICOM Ethics Committee (1997-2004).

ICOM Code of Museum Ethics

Museums preserve, interpret and promote humankind's natural and cultural heritage.

Principle.

Museums are responsible for tangible and intangible natural and cultural heritage. Governing bodies and organizations related to control and strategic management museums have the primary responsibility for the protection and promotion of heritage, as well as the material and financial resources allocated for this purpose.

INSTALLED POSITION

1.1. Documentation. The governing body must ensure that the museum has a written and printed bylaw, charter or some document in accordance with national law, which clearly establishes the legal status of the museum, its objectives, permanent basis and non-profit nature.

1.2. Statement of mission, goals and policies. The governing body must prepare, disseminate and follow a document describing the museum's mission, goals and policies, and the role and composition of the governing body.

MATERIAL RESOURCES

1.3. Room. The governing body must provide the museum with adequate premises and surroundings to enable it to perform its essential functions.

1.4. Access. The governing body must ensure that the museum's collections are accessible to everyone at reasonable times. Special attention should be given to people with disabilities.

1.5. Health and safety. The governing body must ensure that established standards of health, safety and accessibility for staff and visitors are met.

1.6. Protection from disasters. The governing body shall develop and maintain policies to protect visitors and staff, collections and other resources from natural and man-made disasters.

1.7. Security requirements. The governing body must provide security to protect collections from theft or damage in displays, exhibitions, work areas, storage areas and during transport.

1.8. Insurance and compensation. The governing body must ensure that when commercial insurance is used, such insurance is adequate and covers exhibits in transit or borrowed and other items that are the responsibility of the museum. When using indemnity (guarantee against loss), works that are not owned by the museum must be properly insured.

1.9. Financing. The governing body must provide sufficient funds for the implementation and development of museum activities. All funds must be accountable.

1.10. Income policy. The governing body must have official instructions on sources of income received in the course of its activities or from external sources. Regardless of their source of income, museums must monitor the content and integrity of their programs, exhibitions, and activities. The revenue policy must not be detrimental to the standards of the institution or its visitors. (see 6.6).

STAFF

1.11. Hiring Policy. The governing body must ensure that all actions towards employees are taken in accordance with museum policies and appropriate legal procedures.

1.12. Appointment of a director. The Museum Director is a key position and, in appointing him, governing bodies must take into account the knowledge and experience required to carry out the duties effectively. To these qualities should be added intellectual abilities and professional knowledge, as well as high level ethics.

1.13. Access to governing bodies. The museum director must be directly responsible to the governing bodies and have direct access to them.

1.14. Competence of museum staff. Required n hiring qualified employees who are competent to perform all duties (see 2.19., 2.24, paragraph 8).

1.15. Staff training. For a museum to operate effectively, all museum staff must be provided with opportunities for continued training and advanced training.

1.16. Ethical conflict. The governing body should never require museum staff to act in a way that is contrary to this Code of Ethics or national law.

1.17. Museum staff and social activists. The governing body must have official instructions for working with public activists, providing for positive relationships between public activists and museum employees.

1.18. Social activists and ethics. The governing body must ensure that members of the public are fully aware of Code of Museum Ethics and other applicable codes and laws.

Museums preserve collections for the benefit of society and its progress.

Principle.

Museums have a responsibility to acquire, preserve and promote their collections. This is their contribution to the protection of natural, cultural and scientific heritage. As important public assets, museum collections have a special legal status and are protected by international law. Inherent in public trust is governance, which includes legal ownership, sustainability, documentation, accessibility, and disposition.

PURCHASING COLLECTIONS

2.1. Collectibles Policy. The governing body of the museum must adopt and publish internal guidelines for the acquisition of collections, their protection and use. It must clarify the position of any work that will not be catalogued, preserved or exhibited (see 2.7, 2.8).

2.2. Sufficient legal basis. No work or specimen may be acquired by purchase, gift, borrowing, bequest or exchange until the acquiring museum has satisfied itself that there is sufficient title. Evidence of legal ownership in a country is not necessarily sufficient title.

2.3. Origin and verification. Every effort must be made to ensure that the work or design offered for sale, gift, borrowing, bequest or exchange has not been acquired illegally or removed from the country of origin or intermediary country where it may have been legal ownership (including the country where the museum is located). Testing in this regard must establish the entire history of the item from discovery or production.

2.4. Works and samples from illegal or unscientific field research. Museums should not acquire works if there is reason to believe that their return is related to illegal or unscientific field research, deliberate destruction or damage to monuments, archaeological or geological sites, species or habitats. The acquisition should also not be made unless the owner, lessee of the land, or appropriate legal or governmental authorities have been made aware of the discovery.

2.5. Products made from fragile materials. Collections of human remains and religious objects may be purchased if they can be placed in a secure facility and can be carefully cared for. This is done in accordance with professional standards and the interests and beliefs of members of the community, ethnic or religious groups from which the objects originate and where they are known (see 3.7, 4.3).

2.6. Protection of biological and geological samples. Museums should not acquire biological or geological specimens that have been collected, sold or in any way transferred in violation of local, national, regional or international laws or treaties for the protection of wildlife or natural history preservation.

2.7. Living Collections. Where collections include living botanical or zoological specimens, particular attention should be paid to the natural and social environment of their places of origin, as well as to the local, national, regional or international legislation or an agreement to protect wildlife or preserve natural history.

2.8. Working collections. Collecting policies may include special guidelines for certain types of working collections, where the emphasis is not on the object but on the preservation of cultural, scientific or technical process, and where objects or specimens are grouped for ongoing interaction and learning. (see 2.1)

2.9.Purchase not related to the collecting policy. The acquisition of objects or specimens not related to the established policy of the museum should be carried out only in exceptional cases. The governing body should consider the views of professionals and all interested parties. The significance of the object or specimen, its place in the cultural or natural heritage and the special interests of other museums collecting such material should be taken into account. However, even in such cases, an item that does not have sufficient legal basis should not be acquired. (see 3.4).

2.10 . Purchase from governing body members or museum staff. Particular attention should be paid to the consideration of items offered for sale as a gift or gift with a tax benefit by members of governing bodies, museum employees, relatives and associates of these persons.

2.11. Last resort. According to this Code of Ethics, the museum has the right to store objects (specimens) of unknown origin, illegally collected or acquired objects (specimens) from the territory for which it bears legal responsibility.

MOVEMENT OF COLLECTIONS

2.12. Legal grounds for alienation. If the museum has legal grounds permitting the alienation, or has acquired items subject to the terms of the alienation, all legal or other requirements and procedures must be met. If the first acquisition was subject to coercive or other restrictions, these conditions must be satisfied unless it can be clearly shown that compliance with such restrictions is impossible or would be detrimental to the institution. An appropriate solution can be found through legal procedures.

2.13. Alienation of museum exhibits. Removing an object or specimen from a museum collection can only be done with a full understanding of the work's significance, its properties (whether it can be restored or not), its legal status, and the loss of public trust that the action may entail.

2.14. Responsibility for the alienation of museum exhibits. The decision on alienation is made governing body, acting in coordination with the director of the museum and the curator of this collection. Special measures may apply to working collections. (see 2.7., 2.8).

2.15. Disposal of items moved from collections. U To Every museum should have a policy defining methods for the long-term removal of works from collections through donation, transfer, exchange, sale, repatriation, or disposition, allowing for the transfer of unrestricted title to any receiving institution. All documents regarding decisions on the alienation of works and their disposal must be preserved. There is an assumption that the alienated work was initially offered to another museum.

2.16. Income from disposal of collections. Museum collections are kept for the benefit of society and cannot be considered as salable property. Payment or compensation for the sale or disposition of objects or specimens from a museum collection should be used only for the benefit of the collection and, generally, for acquisitions for that collection.

2.17. Acquisition of alienated collections. Museum employees, the governing body, their relatives or friends may not acquire objects alienated from the collection under their responsibility.

STORING COLLECTIONS

2.18. Continuity of the collection. The museum must develop and implement policies to ensure that museum collections (permanent and temporary) and accompanying properly documented information are available for ongoing use and are passed on to future generations in a state of preservation and usability, paying attention to modern knowledge and sources.

2.19. Transfer of responsibility. Professional responsibilities, including the conservation of collections, should be assigned to persons with appropriate knowledge and skill, or who are suitably supervised. (see 8.1).

2.20. Documenting collections. Museum collections should be documented in accordance with accepted professional standards. This documentation must include a full identification and description of each work, its relationships, origin, condition, storage methods and current location. This data is stored in a secure facility and supported by information retrieval systems to ensure access to it by museum staff and other authorized users.

2.21. Disaster Protection. Great attention should be paid to the development of policies for the protection of collections during armed conflicts, man-made disasters and natural disasters.

2.22 . Protecting collections and accompanying data. Because collection data is accessible to visitors, the museum must exercise controls to ensure that personal information and other sensitive information is not disclosed.

2.23 . Preventive conservation. This is an important element of museum policy and care of collections. The main responsibility of museum workers is to create and maintain a safe environment for collections everywhere - on display, in storerooms, and during transportation.

2.24 . Conservation and restoration of collections. The museum must carefully monitor the condition of its collections to determine when a work or specimen requires conservation - restoration and the work of a qualified conservator - restorer. The main goal should be to stabilize the work or sample. All conservation actions must be documented and reversible, and all changes must be clearly distinguishable from the original state of the work or sample.

2.25. Caring for live animals. A museum that houses live animals must take full responsibility for their health and welfare. He must prepare and implement a safety code for the protection of personnel, visitors and animals, which has been accepted by an expert veterinarian. Genetic changes must be clearly identifiable.

2.26 . Personal use of museum collections. Museum employees, the governing body, and their relatives and friends should not take items from the museum collection for personal use, even temporarily.

Museums preserve the primary evidence for establishing and disseminating knowledge.

Principle.

Museums have a special responsibility to everyone for the preservation, accessibility and interpretation of the primary evidence held in their collections.

PRIMARY CERTIFICATE 3.1. Collections as the main evidence. Policy on museum collections... 3.2. Accessibility of collections. Museums have a special responsibility for maximum accessibility of collections and all important...

Museums provide opportunities for the appreciation, understanding and management of natural and cultural heritage.

Principle.

Museums have a responsibility to develop their educational function and attract broad audiences from a community, area or group. Interaction with the constituent community and promotion of its heritage is an integral part of the educational function of the museum.

EXHIBITION AND EXHIBITION

4.1. Exhibits, exhibitions and special events. Displays and temporary exhibitions, real or virtual, must be carried out in accordance with the stated mission, policy and purpose of the museum. They should not conflict with either the quality or the proper storage of collections.

Interpretation of exhibitions.

4.3. Exhibition of fragile objects. Relics and objects of religious worship must be exhibited in accordance with professional standards, and... 4.4. Removal from exhibition. Requests to remove relics from the exhibition or... 4.5. Display of items of unknown origin. Museums should not display or use...

Publication.

Information published by museums must be valid, carefully verified, and provide responsible judgment to scientific disciplines, societies, or beliefs. Museum publications should not compromise institutional standards.

4.7. Reproductions. Museums must respect the integrity of the original when making replicas, reproductions or copies of collection items. All copies must always bear the facsimile mark.

Museums own sources that provide opportunities for other services and profits.

Principle.

Museums draw on a wide variety of specializations, skills and material resources, with much more wide application than in a museum. Therefore, a museum may provide resources or provide services as an extension of museum activities. They must be organized in such a way as not to conflict with the stated mission of the museum.

IDENTIFICATION SERVICES

5.1. Identification of items acquired illegally. When providing an identification service, the museum must do so without any direct or indirect benefits for this type of activity. The identification and authentication of items believed or suspected to have been acquired, transported, imported or exported illegally should not be made public until the relevant authorities are notified.

Authentication and evaluation.

Valuations may be made for the purpose of insuring museum collections. Opinions on the estimated value of other items should only be given upon formal request from other museums or competent legal, governmental, or other responsible government agencies. However, when the museum itself requires a service, the evaluation of the item or specimen must be carried out independently.

The Museum works closely with the communities from which its collections come, as well as those it serves.

Principle.

Museum collections reflect the cultural and natural heritage of the communities from which they come. As such, they are far from ordinary property, and may contain affinities with national, regional, local, ethnic, religious or political identity. In this regard, it is necessary for museum policies to be responsible for this situation.

ORIGIN OF COLLECTIONS

6.1. Cooperation. Museums should promote the dissemination of knowledge, documentation and collections to museums and cultural institutions in countries and communities of origin. Consideration should be given to developing partnerships with museums in countries or regions that have lost significant parts of their heritage.

6.2. Return of cultural property. Museums must be prepared to engage in dialogue regarding the return of cultural property to the country or people of origin. This must be done on an objective basis in accordance with scientific, professional and humanitarian principles, as well as applicable local, national and international legislation, preferably at the governmental or political level.

6.3. Restitution of cultural property. If the country (people) of origin requests the restitution of an object (specimen) to prove that the object or sample was exported or otherwise transported in violation of the principles of international and national conventions, and to display the object (specimen) as part of cultural or the natural heritage of a given country (people), the museum concerned must take prompt and responsible action - if it is legally free to do so - to return the said object (specimen).

6.4. Cultural property from an occupied country. The museum must refrain from acquiring or receiving cultural property from occupied territory and fully respect the laws and agreements governing the import, export and transport of cultural or natural property.

RESPECT FOR COMMUNITIES

6.5. Modern communities. If museum activities involve a contemporary community or its heritage, acquisitions should be made only on the basis of knowledge and mutual consent without exploitation of the owner or informant. Respect for the wishes of a given community must be paramount.

6.6. Funding community activities. When seeking finance for the activities of modern communities, their interests should not be infringed.

6.7. Using collections from contemporary communities. Museum use of collections from contemporary communities requires respect for human dignity, traditions and cultures. Such collections should be used to promote well-being, social development, tolerance and respect by supporting diverse social, cultural and multilingual expressions. (see 4.3.).

6.8. Supporting organizations in the community. Museums should create supportive environments for communities (friends of the museum and other donor organizations), recognize their contributions, and promote harmonious relationships between the community and museum staff.

Museums operate on a legal basis.

Principle.

Museums must fully comply with international, regional, national and local laws and treaty obligations. In addition, the governing body must comply with all legal obligations, or conditions, relating to all aspects of the museum, its collections and activities.

LEGAL STRUCTURE

7.1. National and local legislation. Museums must obey all national and local laws and respect the laws of other countries as they affect their activities.

7.2. International legislation. Museum policy must recognize the following international legislation, which is taken as the standard for interpretation: ICOM Code of Museum Ethics.

Ø Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the event of armed conflict. (“Hague Convention” I Protocol, 1994, II Protocol, 1999).

Ø Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illegal Import, Export and Transport of Cultural Property Rights. (UNESCO, 1970).

Ø Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. (Washington, 1973).

Ø Convention on biological diversity. (UN, 1992).

Ø Convention on Stolen and Illegally Exported Cultural Property. (UNIDROIT, 1995).

Ø Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. (UNESCO, 2001).

Ø Convention for the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO, 2003).

Museums operate on a professional basis.

Principle.

Museum workers must comply with accepted standards and laws and maintain the dignity and honor of their profession. They must protect the public from illegal or unethical professional conduct. Every opportunity should be taken to inform and educate the public about the goals, objectives and aspirations of the museum profession in order to develop a better understanding of the contribution that museums make to society.

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

8.1. Knowledge of relevant legislation. Every museum worker should be familiar with the relevant international, national and local legislation and the conditions of its application. Museum workers should avoid situations that could be construed as inappropriate behavior.

8.2. Professional responsibility. Museum workers are required to follow the policies and practices of the institution for which they work. However, they can respond appropriately to actions that harm the museum, the profession, or raise issues of professional ethics.

8.3. Professional conduct. Loyalty to colleagues and the institution in which they work is an essential professional duty and must be based on fidelity to the fundamental ethical principles applicable to the profession as a whole. These principles must be subordinated to the provisions ICOM Code of Museum Ethics and consider all other codes or policies related to museum work.

8.4. Academic and research responsibilities. Museum professionals should promote the research, preservation and use of information contained in collections. Therefore, they must avoid any activity or circumstance that may lead to the loss of academic and scientific data.

8.5. Illegal market. Museum workers should in no way support the illegal trade or market of natural or cultural property.

8.6. Confidentiality. Museum workers must maintain confidential information obtained in the course of their work. Information about items received by the museum for identification is confidential and should not be published or transferred to another institution or person without the express permission of the owner.

8.7. Security of the museum and collections. Information about the security of the museum or private collections and premises visited on official duties must be kept strictly confidential by museum workers.

8.8. Exception to the confidentiality rule. Confidentiality is not respected when fulfilling the legal obligation to assist the police or other relevant authorities in locating possibly stolen, illegally acquired or displaced cultural property.

8.9. Personal independence. Although museum workers are entitled to a certain degree of personal independence, they should be aware that no private matter or professional interest can be completely separated from the institution where they work.

8.10. Professional relationships. Museum workers form working relationships with many other people both inside and outside the museum where they work. They must perform their professional responsibilities towards others competently and to a high standard.

8.11. Professional consultations. It is a professional responsibility to advise colleagues, inside or outside the museum, when competent knowledge within the museum is not sufficient to make the right decision.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

8.12 Gifts, services, loans or other personal benefits. Museum employees should not accept gifts, loans or personal favors that may be given to them in connection with their official duties. Occasionally, professional courtesy may include the giving and receiving of gifts, however, this should always be done on behalf of the institution.

8.13. Outside work or business interests. Although museum workers are entitled to a certain amount of personal independence, they should be aware that no private matter or professional interest can be completely separated from the institution for which they work. They must not take other paid employment or accept assignments from outside that are or may be perceived to be in conflict with the interests of the museum.

8.14. Transactions with natural or cultural heritage. Museum workers should not participate directly or indirectly in transactions (buying or selling for profit) with natural or cultural heritage values.

8.15. Interaction with traders. Museum employees must not accept any gift, favor or remuneration in any form from a dealer, auctioneer or any other person as an inducement to purchase or dispose of museum exhibits, nor take or refuse to take any official action. In addition, museum officials should not recommend the dealer, auctioneer, or appraiser to any member of the public.

8.16. Private collecting. Museum workers should not compete with their institution either in the acquisition of works or in any personal collecting activities. An agreement between the museum professional and the governing body regarding private collecting must be developed and carefully maintained.

8.17. Use of the ICOM name and logo. The organization's name, acronym and logo must not be used to promote or endorse any commercial activity or product.

8.18. Other conflicts of interest. In the event of any other conflict of interest between an individual and a museum, the interests of the museum shall prevail.

GLOSSARY

GRADE

Evaluation of an item or sample. In some countries, the term is used to independently evaluate a proposed gift for tax benefits.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The presence of personal or private interests that cause a clash of principles in work situation, limiting the appearance or actual objectivity of decision making.

CONSERVATOR - RESTORER

Qualified museum or independent staff capable of carrying out technical inspection, preservation, conservation and restoration of cultural property.

CULTURAL HERITAGE

An object or concept that has aesthetic, historical, scientific or spiritual significance.

TRANSACTIONS

The purchase and sale of artifacts for the purpose of generating income for an employee or institution.

EXAMINATION.

Requiring that every effort be made to establish the facts of the case before filing a claim, particularly by identifying the source and history of the exhibit offered for acquisition or use prior to its acquisition.

GOVERNING BODY

Persons or institutions identified in the current legislation of the museum as responsible for its operation, strategic development and financing.

INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES

Activities aimed at obtaining financial benefit or income for the benefit of an institution.

LEGAL NAME

The legal right to own property in a given country. In some countries this may not be a granted right sufficient to meet the requirements for verification.

MINIMUM STANDARD

MUSEUM* The Museum is a non-profit institution on a permanent basis, operating on... MUSEUM STAFF*

NATURAL HERITAGE

Any natural object, phenomenon or concept that has scientific significance or is a spiritual manifestation.

NON-PROFIT INSTITUTION

A legally established institution - corporate or unincorporated - whose income (including surplus or profits) is used solely for the benefit of that institution and its activities.

ORIGIN

Full story an object and its possession from the moment of its discovery or creation until the present day, by which its authenticity and ownership are determined.