Life of wild animals in winter. Lesson summary “Life of wild animals in the winter forest We all know...

The educational multimedia presentation “How animals live in the forest in winter” is intended for use in the process:

Direct educational activities with pupils of senior preschool age groups within the educational area “Cognition”;

Lessons on the world around us in elementary school.

This multimedia presentation is aimed at achieving the following objectives:

To contribute to the formation of children's ideas about the life of wild animals in winter conditions;

To train children in the ability to identify the adaptive signs of animals for winter;

Develop curiosity and ability to use different types proposals;

Bring up, careful attitude to everything living.

The presentation provides an opportunity to observe the life of wild animals in winter, which is not possible to do in natural conditions.

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Abstract of GCD in the educational field "Cognition" in senior group

“How animals live in the forest in winter”

Software tasks:

To contribute to the formation of children's ideas about the life of wild animals in winter conditions;

To train children in the ability to identify the adaptive signs of animals for winter;

Develop curiosity, the ability to use different types of sentences;

To cultivate a caring attitude towards all living things.

Vocabulary work:enrichment of the dictionary: “mouses”, “leader”.

Material: multimedia installation, multimedia presentation “How animals live in the forest in winter.”

GCD move:

Educator: I dusted the paths,

I decorated the windows,

Gave joy to children

And I went for a sledding ride.

What is this?

Children: Winter.

Educator: Guys, why do you love winter?(Children's answers)

Educator: Today I suggest you go to the winter forest. First we'll go down the path(children walk at a calm pace)the snow is getting more and more, now we are walking through deep snow, raising our legs high, bending our knees(children walk with their feet high).

(Slide No. 1). So we found ourselves in the forest. Look at the screen, what beautiful forest! The entire forest is covered with snow, which sparkles like silver.

Enchantress in Winter

Bewitched, the forest stands,

And under the snow fringe,

motionless, mute,

He shines with a wonderful life.(Slide No. 2).

How beautiful it is in the forest, calm, quiet, and how fresh the air is in the forest.(Breathing exercise “Let’s blow on a snowflake”)

Educator: Guys, maybe there is no one in the forest? With the arrival of winter, all animals and birds disappeared. Look! Here are someone's tracks! Who do you think was here?(Slide No. 3).

Children: Hare.

Educator: What do the hare's tracks look like?(On drops.)

Educator: Here he is. Who do you think he's hiding from?

Children: Owl, wolf, fox

Educator: What helps a hare notice danger?(Slide No. 4)

Children: Big sensitive ears.

Educator: How does a hare escape from enemies?

Children: The hare runs quickly, meanders, and gets its tracks confused. But if an enemy overtakes him, he will defend himself, fight back with his paws, bite, and the hare’s teeth are very sharp.

Educator: Why is the hare white in winter?

Children: White skin helps to escape from enemies; in the snow it becomes invisible.

Educator: How the hare adapted to life in the forest in winter.

Children: It has white fur, long hind legs, can jump quickly, weave, and hide.

Educator: What does a hare eat in winter?(Children's answers)

Educator: I think I hear someone’s voices... It’s a magpie and a hare talking, do you want to know what they are talking about.(Slide No. 5)

Listen, Hare, says Magpie, everyone says that aspen passion is bitter. And I see you gnawing on it and not even squinting your eyes!

And I, Soroka, use aspen for the third course. When the first is only fresh air, the second is jumping in the snow, and the bitter aspen is the third sweeter than honey it will seem!

Educator: It’s hard for a bunny in the forest in winter, he’s hungry, cold, let’s help him, what gift should we leave him?(Carrots, cabbage y, hay) (Slide No. 6).

Educator: Guys, look, snow is falling from a fluffy branch, is someone in charge here?

Children: Squirrel. (Slide No. 7).

Educator: What does a squirrel eat in winter?

Children: Berries, mushrooms, fruits of trees and shrubs.

Educator: How should you behave in the forest so as not to scare the squirrel?

Children: Don't shout, don't make noise.

Educator: What color is a squirrel’s fur coat in winter?(Grey.)

Educator: Why do you think the squirrel changes its coat?

Children: Gray her fur coat makes her inconspicuous among the tree branches.

Educator: Where does the squirrel make its home?

Children: In a hollow, a nest.(Slide No. 8).

Educator: Guys, why do you think, when it is very cold, the squirrel does not come out of the hollow.

Children: The squirrel’s hollow is dry and warm, all the holes have been caulked with moss. The squirrel is a very good housewife, neat and thrifty. It’s not for nothing that people call her a busybody. The squirrel climbs into the hollow, curls up into a ball and covers its nose with its tail.

Educator: How does a squirrel escape from its enemies?

Children: Moves quickly through trees, jumps from tree to tree, feeds on a tree trunk.

Educator: Tell us how the squirrel adapted to live in the forest in winter.

Children: Lives in a hollow, has gray-silver fur, sharp claws, a bushy tail, can easily climb trees.

Educator: Let's treat the squirrel too, what should we leave for her to feast on?

Children: Nuts, mushrooms.(Slide No. 9)

Physical education minute.

The squirrel is not too lazy to exercise

Study all day.

From one branch, jumping to the left,

She sat down on a branch.

Then she jumped to the right,

She circled around the hollow.

Left - right all day long

The squirrel is not too lazy to jump.

(Children perform movements in accordance with the text)

Educator: Guys, look, here’s the hole, I wonder whose it is? How do you think?(Slide No. 10)

Children: Fox.

Educator: During the day, the fox hides in a deep hole, which it makes in a deep forest. But she can also take someone else's hole. Guys, does a fox change its fur color in winter?

Children: Foxes do not change color.(Slide No. 11).

Educator: The red-haired housewife walked through the forest, sweeping the stitches and paths with her tail. Why do you think the fox needs such a fluffy tail?

Children: Warms, covers tracks.

Educator: The tip of the fox's tail is white so that in the dark the fox cubs do not lose their mother when they run after her. The fox is an agile and cautious animal. The little fox knows - the fox, all its beauty is in its fur coat. There is no red fur coat in the forest, no more cunning beast in the forest. Guys, who do you think the fox is sniffing out under the snow?(Slide No. 12).

Children: Mice.

Educator: In winter, life in the forest freezes, and mice - voles - become the main fox food. A fox mouses - this means it hunts mice. She wanders around the field and listens to where the mice are squeaking in their holes under the snow, and when she hears it, then save the mice, because the fox’s gossip has sharp teeth! What helps a fox find its prey?

Children: Good hearing and sense of smell.

Educator: What else does a fox eat?

Children: Small animals, birds.

Educator: What gift should we leave for the fox?(Fish.) (Slide No. 13)

Educator: Look, the gray ones are walking, prowling, looking for something...(Wolves). (Slide No. 14).

Educator: What warms a wolf in winter?

Children: Thick, dense, warm coat.

Educator: The wolf does not change the color of its fur in the winter, it remains silver-gray. Who do wolves hunt?

Children: Wolves hunt large animals: deer, elk.

Educator: What do you think helps wolves hunt?

Children: Long strong legs, they can run for a long time after prey.

Educator: It’s not for nothing that they say that the wolf’s legs feed him. Wolves hunt in packs, they surround their prey and attack it. Wolves sleep in the snow, covering their noses and paws with their bushy tail. IN wolf pack there is always a leader. This is the strongest, smartest and most experienced wolf. Other weak wolves obey him.

Educator: Guys, look, whose footprints are these in the clearing?(Slide No. 15)

Children: These are elk tracks.

Educator: Slightly touching with hooves,

A handsome man walks through the forest,

Walks boldly and easily

Horns spread wide.(Slide No. 16).

Elk is a large animal, tall, has long legs, strong hooves, and horns. Moose can easily run through deep snow. They defend themselves with strong hooves and horns. What does moose eat?

Children: Elk eats tree branches.

Educator: But after a heavy snowfall it is difficult to feed the animals. Shrubs and low trees end up under the snow and neither the elk nor the hare can reach them. And then people – foresters – come to the aid of the animals.

Educator: How do foresters help moose?(Slide No. 17).

Children: They feed animals and birds. They lay out birch and aspen brooms, hay, and make feeders. Let's help the moose, what will we leave for him?(Hay) (Slide No. 18).

Educator: We wandered through the forest for a long time, but for some reason we didn’t come across any traces of a bear?

Children: The bear sleeps in a den in winter.(Slide No. 19)

Educator: Why does the bear sleep in winter?

Children: In winter it is difficult for a bear to find food.

Educator: How does he sleep all winter and eat nothing?

Children: The bear eats a lot in the fall, and fat accumulates under its skin.

Educator: Let's not make any noise here, otherwise we'll wake up the clubfoot, let him sleep until spring.

Guys, I suggest you play the game “Pathfinder”.

I follow the trail of the beast,

There was an imprint left in the snow.

I'll find him anyway

At least he plays hide and seek with me.

Find out what animals left their tracks in the snow.(Slide No. 20)

Educator: It's time for us to return to kindergarten. Look, here is our path.(Slide No. 21). We raise our legs high, bend our knees.(Children walk with their legs raised high)Here we are on a clear path. Don't want to go for a run on the winter path.(Running in all directions).

Educator: Guys, did you like the walk in the winter forest?(Children's answers)

Educator: Who did you meet in the forest today?(Children's answers)

Educator: Tell me, what are the names of the animals that live in the forest?(Children's answers)

Educator: How do you think animals live in the forest in winter?

Children: In winter, many animals spend almost the entire day searching for food. Others use their own supplies. Some go to sleep for the winter. Forest animals, like birds, need to be fed in winter.

Educator: All animals have their own home, what is it for?

Children: A house is needed to live, hide from bad weather, and relax.

Educator: The forest for animals is a native and beloved home, and we came to visit, so we must respect certain rules. What rules of behavior in the forest do you know?

Children: You can’t make noise so as not to scare away animals and birds. You don’t have to run far in the forest, otherwise you might get lost.

Educator: Thank you guys, you pleased me with your knowledge. Did you enjoy your walk in the winter forest? What stood out to you the most?(Children's answers).

We will take our next walk in spring forest Let's see what changes will happen in the lives of animals with the arrival of spring.

Transcript

1 Familiarization with the surrounding world Life of wild animals in winter. 2nd grade.

2 Here the north, driving up the clouds, breathed and howled - and here comes the sorceress winter herself. She came and fell apart; Hanged in clumps on the branches of oak trees; Lay down in wavy carpets Among the fields, around the hills; The river has leveled the river with a still plump shroud, The frost has flashed and we are glad for the pranks of mother winter. A. S. Pushkin

3 Winter has brought strict order to the forests and fields. Everything is tidied up, swept, sparkling white. She has distributed warm fur coats to the trees. They are all standing in the same outfits. The changes that winter brings with it have their own charms: the purest fluffy snow, the transparency of patterned branches, some special lightness of the invigorating air, and on top of all this, the great peace that has spread in nature. However, this is a tough time for animals.

5 I walk around in a fluffy fur coat, I live in a dense forest, I gnaw nuts in a hollow on an old oak tree. SQUIRREL In summer the squirrel was red, in winter it became silver-gray. For winter, she insulated her nest, which serves as reliable protection for her during severe frosts. The squirrel builds its nest in the forks of branches or in the hollows of trees. In frosts, when it is very cold, squirrels do not run through the forest, they hide in nests. And the squirrel's nest is called GAYNO. A ball of branches high up on fir trees. It has one or two exits, and the inside walls are lined with moss. In the vicinity of the nest, the squirrel arranges many storerooms where it stores nuts, acorns, and cones. The squirrel also prepared mushrooms by pricking them on dry branches high above the ground. She prepares 1.5-2 tons of different mushrooms for the winter.

6 Changes the color of the coat SQUIRREL Insulates the home Makes supplies

7 What kind of forest animal stood up like a pillar under a pine tree? And he stands among the grass, his ears are bigger than his head! HARE The white hare lives in the forest and prefers dense thickets of bushes. By winter it changes its gray coat to white. Although the snow in the forest is deep and loose, the hare moves easily. His wide paws, overgrown with fur in winter, prevent him from falling into the snow. Lying down white hare suits either in an open place, or in the forest under a fallen tree, stump, or bush. Sleeps lightly, dozes half asleep with open eyes, closing them only for a minute. The white color of the coat makes it invisible against the background of snow. It feeds on tree bark.

8 Changes color HARE Doesn’t build house Doesn’t make supplies

9 Fluffy tail, golden fur, lives in the forest, steals chickens in the village. FOX In winter, the fox, like in autumn, is bright red. By smell, she finds food for herself, finds mice under the snow, tracks them down, quickly digs the snow with her paws and grabs the prey. By destroying mice, the fox brings benefits. At dusk or at night it hunts for birds and hares. It sneaks up on its prey unnoticed, suddenly rushes at it and grabs it with sharp teeth. The fox loves to play with its prey. During severe snowstorms and bad weather, she seeks shelter, curls up in a ball and covers herself with her tail.

10 Doesn’t change color FOX Doesn’t prepare a home Doesn’t make supplies

11 Who sleeps in a snow den in winter under the howling blizzards? BEAR In winter, the bear sleeps in a den. Before lying down in the den, the bear confuses its tracks, meanders through the windfall, jumps sideways from the trail, in a word, walks back and forth more than once. The den-hole, dug somewhere under the roots of trees, is lined with grass even before the first snow. The bear lies down with his head to the hole, covers his muzzle with his paw and sleeps. At this time, he does not eat food, but lives off accumulated fat. They say that a bear sucks its paw. In fact, the old rough skin comes off the bear’s feet, and the young, tender skin needs to be warmed. That's why he licks the soles with his hot tongue, smacking his lips in his sleep. If a bear is awakened, it comes out hungry and is very dangerous at this time. It is called the connecting rod bear.

12 The BEAR makes a den, sleeps all winter, feeds on fat

13 Who wanders around in the cold winter angry and hungry? WOLF The wolf is strong, smart predator. By winter, the color of his coat does not change. His prey is not only hares, but also large animals - wild boar, elk. Wolves usually hunt in small packs. They can pursue their prey for a long time. True, it is difficult for them to run in deep, loose snow, and often the wolves remain hungry. Due to lack of food, they become less cautious. Sometimes they go out hunting even during the day, come close to villages, and attack livestock. Wolves smell well and hear even faint sounds. This helps them find prey and their strong legs help them chase fast-running animals.

14 Does not change the color of the wool WOLF Does not build a dwelling Does not stock up

15 Fog descends and stalks the forest. BOAR Winter is the most difficult time for the wild boar. It is not easy to find food under the snow, and when there is a lot of snow, it becomes difficult for wild boars to even walk. But the worst thing is the crust, the wild boars skin their legs on it and cannot get food from under it. The boar digs out acorns, nuts from under the snow, green grass. If there is a mouse, a vole, or any insects, the wild boar eats everything. It feeds during the day and rests at night. When resting, it never lies down in the snow, but prefers places free from it, under the dense crowns of old trees, and sometimes on dug-up anthills.

16 Doesn’t change the color of its coat BOAR Doesn’t build a home Doesn’t stock up

17 Who carries a forest on his head? ELK Elk is a real forest giant. Slowly, majestically he wanders among the bushes and trees. Its food is young twigs and bark. To get enough food, the moose eats more than a thousand twigs a day. At the beginning of winter it sheds its antlers. New ones will grow on the elk only by next fall. Moose do not stockpile or build homes. Winter is the most difficult time of the year for them. Especially if there is a lot of snow. In deep snow it is difficult for them to run away from their enemies - wolves.

18 Doesn’t change the color of its fur ELK Doesn’t stock up Doesn’t build a home

19 I thought it was a cat. He shouted: “Scram!” It turned out that this is a LYNX. The lynx is wild. forest cat. Body length reaches 108 cm, weight kg. Lynx is a good jumper. The length of her jump reaches 4 meters or more. But she doesn't run very well. Both in summer and winter, the lynx hunts birds, mice, hares, squirrels, but it will not refuse large prey: deer, roe deer, elk. The lynx lies in wait for them, hiding on a tree branch hanging over the path. When a deer or roe deer is under it, the lynx jumps on their back, grabs it with its claws and gnaws off the cervical vertebrae. A lynx rarely attacks an adult moose: it can throw it off and trample it with its hooves. The lynx hunts the hare stealthily, skillfully unraveling the traces of the scythe.

20 Doesn’t change the color of its coat LYNX Doesn’t build a home Doesn’t stock up

21 In winter, when the snow becomes deep, hazel grouse, partridge, black grouse and even large capercaillie, with their mouths full of food, hide from the frost in the snow “holes”, that is, in peculiar caves that are dug in the snow. Birds burrow into the snow, walking 5-20 meters towards the chosen place. Having gone a cm deep into the loose snow, they lay short, a meter to one and a half meters long, horizontal adits, at the end of which they arrange small caves. Here the birds settle down to rest. The thickness of the snow ceiling is cm. In case of danger, the birds instantly fly out, kicking up a cloud of snow dust. Thick crust creates serious complications for the life of grouse birds. It prevents the birds from digging a saving hole in the snow. Birds also die under the crust because of the strong ice crust, they cannot break out. If it becomes difficult for grouse to get cranberries from under the snow, they feed on pine needles.. Birds of the grouse order

22 Birds of the grouse order Do not store food They build tunnels in the snow

23 ZOOQUIZ 1. What shape does a squirrel’s nest made of branches have? What is this nest called? 2. How many mushrooms does one squirrel prepare for the winter? 3. Why does the white hare move easily in the snow? 4. Where does the hare lie down in winter? 5. What benefits does the fox bring? 6. How does a fox escape from frost and snowstorms? 7. How does a bear build its den? 8. Explain the expression: “In winter, the bear sucks its paw.” 9.What animals are called “connecting rods”? 10. What do wolves eat? How do they hunt? 11. What prevents a wild boar from getting food in winter? 12. Where and at what time of day does the wild boar rest? 13. At what time of year does the elk shed its antlers? 14. How does a lynx hunt? 15.What do birds of the grouse order eat? 16.Where do grouse birds hide from frost and predators?

24 Well done! Thanks for the work!

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Irina Denisenko

Lesson notes topic« Life of wild animals in winter» (middle group) .

Educator: Denisenko Irina Nikolaevna.

Educational area: « Cognitive development» ; formation of a holistic picture of the world.

Pedagogical goal: to form an idea of ​​what, wild animals adapt to changes weather conditions; develop evidence-based speech, logical thinking, imagination, fine motor skills; to cultivate an understanding that in nature everything is interconnected and purposeful; awaken interest in studying nature, observing habits animals and birds.

Targets: actively interacts with peers and adults; shows curiosity, interest in research activities, sustained interest in various types children's activities.

Types of activities: gaming, educational and research , speech, motor, communication.

Means of implementation: photographs and drawings showing wild animals, pictures of winter forest.

Progress of the lesson.

Guys, let's join hands. Let's smile at each other to create a good mood.

To learn a lot of interesting things on our class, you need to be attentive, not shout out from your seat, raise your hand, listen to each other.

- Guess the riddles:

The house is open on all sides.

It is covered with a carved roof.

Come to the green house

You will see miracles in it. (Forest)

Powdered the paths

I decorated the windows.

Gave joy to children

And I went for a sledding ride. (Winter)

How many of you have been to the winter forest? Let's go to the winter forest together to find out how they live wild animals at this time of year. Close your eyes and repeat in chorus after me the magical words:

One, two, three turn around

Find yourself at the edge of the forest.

Opens pictures depicting a winter forest, asks the children to open their eyes.

Winter has come to the forest and life forest animals has changed. Everyone has animal's character, let's talk about it.

Didactic exercise “Who is which?”

The children stand in a semicircle, the teacher throws the ball, and the children continue the sentence started by the teacher.

Angry like... a wolf

Cowardly as... a hare

Clubfoot, like... bear

Sly as... a fox

Too toothy like... wolf

Jumping like... squirrel

Prickly like... hedgehog

Clumsy as... bear

Redhead like... fox

Guys, who can we meet in the winter forest? Guess riddle:

You and I will recognize the animal

According to two such signs:

He's wearing a gray fur coat in winter,

And in a red fur coat in the summer. (Squirrel)

Show a picture of a squirrel.

Why in winter Does the squirrel change the color of its coat? Yes, to make it easier to hide from enemies, for example from hawks and martens. in winter the trees stand without leaves, and against the background of dark gray branches and trunks, the gray squirrel coat is less noticeable than if it were red. The squirrel fur coat not only changes color, it also becomes warmer. And in the most severe frosts, the squirrel sleeps in its hollow. It is also prepared for winter: in the fall, the squirrel brought fallen leaves and dry moss there, so that the hollow is dry, warm and soft.

Squirrel is a big worker. She prepared not only a warm hollow for winter. Do you know what else? Of course, the supplies she eats with all winter. In summer and autumn, she collects nuts and acorns, dries mushrooms and stores all this in special storage rooms - in empty hollows, under moss, near old stumps. She also collects spruce and pine cones and feeds on their seeds. So starve the squirrel don't have to in winter.

Which other forest dwellers change the color of their fur coat for winter? That's right, hare. In summer it was gray, and by winter it gradually turns white: first the tail becomes white, then the hind legs, and only then the back and sides turn white. How does a hare make a home for itself? It turns out that he does not have a separate mink. On a winter day, he usually sleeps in a snow hole or buried in a snowdrift, and at night he comes out to eat. mine: gnaw the bark of fallen trees

The scythe has no den,

He doesn't need a hole.

Legs save you from enemies,

And from hunger - bark.

Finger game "Bunnies".

Once upon a time there lived a bunny (clap hands)

Long ears (show ears)

The bunny got frostbitten (clench and unclench fingers)

Spout at the edge (three nose)

Frostbitten ponytail (three coccyx)

And I went to warm up and visit the kids (twist to pretend to be a steering wheel)

It's warm and quiet there (throw up their hands)

There is no wolf (they shake a finger)

And they give you carrots for lunch (stroke stomach)

The hare has many enemies in the forest. Guess riddles:

What a dangerous beast

Walks around in a red fur coat,

The snow is shoveling away

Are there enough mice? (fox)

He looks like a shepherd:

Every tooth is a sharp knife!

He runs with his mouth bared,

Ready to attack a sheep. (wolf)

Show pictures.

The fox is also preparing for winter. in winter Thick fur grows on her paws so that it is not cold to step on the snow. The fox walks as if wearing felt boots.

Although the wolf does not change his fur coat, he insulates it. By winter, wolf fur becomes thicker and longer. Wolves need this, because they sleep right in the snow, covering their nose and paws with their tail. They usually sleep during the day and hunt at night.

What kind of guys You won’t see animals in the forest in winter? Guess riddles:

Between the pines, between the fir trees

A thousand needles wander

But don't make a stitch

All needles without an eye! (hedgehog)

Guys, look what I have There is:

Hand massage "Prickly ball"

We found a prickly ball

We can't hold him back

The ball is spinning in the palms of your hands,

Sharik wants to run away (children spin massage balls)

The ball is ours lively and warm,

Who does he look like? (look at the ball holding it in their palms)

The ball jumped onto the track -

It turned out to be a hedgehog! (children lower their hands and the balls roll to the floor).

Guys we haven't met yet in the forest in winter? Listen to the riddle and find out.

The owner of the forest

Wakes up in the spring

A in winter under a blizzard howl

He sleeps in a snow hut. (bear)

Hedgehogs and bears hibernate in winter. Therefore, they do not make special provisions for the winter; they only care about a warm house for myself: the hedgehog sleeps in a hole insulated with moss and dry grass; the bear is in the den. They try to eat more in the fall so that they can sleep peacefully all winter.

The teacher conducts a didactic game « Animals and their babies» .

What are they called? wild animals our forests and their young? I call animals, and you must name their cubs in singular and plural.

Squirrel - …. baby squirrel, baby squirrels.

Hare - …. bunny, bunnies (as the mother of a rabbit is called)

Fox - ... little fox, fox cubs (who is the dad in the fox family)

Wolf - …. wolf cub, wolf cubs (as they call the mother in the wolf family)

Bear - ... little bear, cubs (who is the mother of the cubs)

Hedgehog -…. Hedgehog (as the hedgehogs call their mother)

Hosts the game "The Fourth Wheel" Children are asked to exclude from the four words listed the one that they consider unnecessary. The game is played without relying on visual aids.

Bear, wolf, fox, hare (the bear is the only one hibernating)

Cat, bear, hare, squirrel (cat domestic animal, everyone else wild)

Squirrel, owl, fox, wolf (owl bird, all other animals)

Wolf cub, hare, bear, squirrel (the wolf cub is a cub, and all the rest are adults animals) .

Guys, we went to the winter forest, it's time to return to group, there is waiting for you surprise: One, two, three, turn around

IN kindergarten find yourself.

Look what I have, Kinder Surprise capsules. In which animals they can be turned? Let's add eyes, a nose, long ears, four legs and in front of you is a bunny.

I suggest each child take a capsule and turn it into animal. Their animals we will settle in our winter forest (layout). During the work, the teacher helps children if they experience difficulties.

Thanks the children and praises them for their efforts.

Nadezhda Shukshina
Lesson “Animal life in winter”

Tasks:

Educational:

1. Continue introducing children to forest animals: squirrel, hare, fox, wolf, bear, elk, wild boar;

2. Concretize children’s knowledge about the features of adaptation animals for winter(a hare, a squirrel - they change their fur coat; a fox has thick fur on its paws, like boots; a wolf’s fur becomes thick and warm; an elk has wider hooves that do not fall into the snow).

Developmental:

1. Develop cognitive activity; the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, and establish simple cause-and-effect relationships.

2. Stimulate children's cognitive interest.

3. Develop children’s active speech;

Educational:

1. Cultivate interest in cognitive activity;

2. Foster a love of nature, animals, the desire to help them in difficult conditions;

3. Foster friendly relationships between children.

Material: parcel filled with an apple, oak leaf, nuts, seeds, dry mushrooms, small animals; paintings with animals forests and diagram cards with food for animals; schemes for storytelling.

Preliminary work: looking at an album « Animals of our forest» , postcards about animals; reading works by E. Charushin about animals.

Conversation "Wild animals in winter» . Guessing riddles about animals.

D/game "Journey to the Winter Forest".

Looking at illustrations "Seasons".

Educator: Guys, oh, look, the mouse is carrying a big envelope.

Here's the envelope

Big and yellow

What about us, envelope,

Did you find it?

How did you get into our group?

Let's figure it out, oh, wait!

Our address is on the envelope, after all.

Whose reverse is it? Forest!

The letter says, follow the mouse and receive the package.

The teacher brings in the parcel. We received a package from old man Lesovich.

He opens it, takes out the note, reads it.

“Children, today there will be many surprises for you. And you will really need eyes, ears, nose, hands.”

Educator: Have you forgotten about them? Let's check if everything is in place.

Salary “If you hear it, show it”

Mouth, nose, head, hands, ears and eyes.

Shoulder, shoulder, neck, chest.

And about don't forget your tummy.

(Children show them with pointing, stroking movements)

Educator: I see they haven’t forgotten about their assistants. Squat down next to the parcel, put your hands into it and find one item at a time

(Children complete the task).

Educator: What did you find?

Children. We found figures of a squirrel, a hare, a fox, a wolf, a wild boar, a bear, and a moose.

Educator: Who are they?

Children. These are the wild ones animals.

Educator: Why are they called that?

Children. They live in the forest, build their own housing and get food.

Educator: Look, I found a page in the parcel, something was drawn on it, I don’t understand.

Help me figure it out. (showing traces animals)

Yes, there are more cards here. We can play.

Didactic game "Find out whose trace".

On the carpet there are paths made from traces of different animals. The teacher invites the children to choose a path and follow the confusing tracks. At the end of each route, find a square, open it and answer who left the footprints in the snow.

Educator: Now, let's check how you remember the tracks animals. Di "Whose trace"

Educator: Let's see what else is in the package. He takes out a box and it says "Food for animals» . Want to know what food is in these packages? Let's take a look (open the box) It doesn’t open, oh yes, there’s a note from Lesovichka. The boxes will open when you tell how forest animals live in winter.

Educator: We will tell the story according to the scheme, let's repeat it.

Children go out and take a picture animal and tell

Hare in winter he runs around in a white fur coat, his tracks look like droplets, he is cowardly and hides from an owl, a wolf, a fox. Do large, sensitive ears help a hare spot danger?

Educator: How does a hare escape from enemies?

The hare runs quickly, meanders, and confuses its tracks. He sleeps during the day and goes out at night to get food for himself. But if an enemy overtakes him, he will defend himself, fight back with his paws, bite, and the hare’s teeth are very sharp.

At the squirrel's gray coat in winter. The gray color of the fur coat makes it inconspicuous among the tree branches.

Educator: Where does the squirrel make its home?

Children: In a hollow, nest.

Educator: Guys, why do you think, when it is very cold, the squirrel does not come out of the hollow.

Children: The squirrel’s hollow is dry and warm, all the holes have been caulked with moss. The squirrel is a very good housewife, neat and thrifty. It’s not for nothing that people call her a busybody. The squirrel climbs into the hollow, curls up into a ball and covers its nose with its tail.

Educator: How does a squirrel escape from its enemies?

Children: Moves quickly through trees, jumps from tree to tree.

Fox is the beauty of the forest. During the day, the fox hides in a deep hole, which it makes in a deep forest. But she can occupy someone else's hole. Foxes do not change color.

Educator: The red-haired housewife walked through the forest, sweeping the stitches and paths with her tail. Why do you think a fox sweeps paths with its tail?

Children: covers his tracks.

Educator: Do you know that the tip of a fox’s tail is white. This is so that in the dark the fox cubs do not lose their mother when they run after her. The fox is an agile and cautious animal. The little fox knows - the fox, all its beauty is in its fur coat. There is no red fur coat in the forest, no more cunning beast in the forest. Guys, who do you think the fox is sniffing out under the snow?

Children: Mice.

Educator: In winter, life in the forest freezes, and the main food of the fox becomes mice - voles. She wanders around the field and listens to where the mice are squeaking in their holes under the snow, and when she hears it, then save the mice, because the fox’s gossip has sharp teeth! What helps a fox find its prey?

Children: Good hearing and sense of smell.

What warms a wolf in winter?

Children: Thick, dense, warm coat

The wolf does not change the color of its fur during the winter; it remains silver-gray.

Educator: - Who do wolves hunt?

Children: Wolves hunt big ones animals: deer, elk.

Educator: What do you think helps wolves hunt?

Children: Long strong legs, they can run for a long time after prey.

Educator: No wonder they say that the wolf’s legs feed him. Wolves hunt in packs, they surround their prey and attack it. Wolves sleep in the snow, covering their noses and paws with their bushy tail. There is always a leader in a wolf pack. This is the strongest, smartest and most experienced wolf. Other weak wolves obey him

Educator:

Slightly touching my hooves,

A handsome man walks through the forest,

Walks boldly and easily

Horns spread wide.

Moose - big animal, tall, has long legs, strong hooves, horns. Moose can easily run through deep snow. They defend themselves with strong hooves and horns.

Educator: What does it do? winter bear?

Children: Bear sleeps in a den in winter

Educator: Why bear sleeps in winter?

Children: in winter It is difficult for a bear to find food.

Educator: How does he sleep all winter and eat nothing?

Children: A bear eats a lot in the fall, and fat accumulates under its skin.

Educator: Guys, you spoke so well about forest animals that the box opened. Look what the old man, Lesovichok, sent us.

Fizminutka (distribute cards with animals)

Now let's take a little rest

Along a mysterious road

Mysterious feet walked

How did they go? (The teacher calls the child’s name, the child speaks and shows the card.)

(bear style, fox style, squirrel style, hare style, hedgehog style)

Educator: Guys, it's winter now and animals difficult to get food. Let's try to feed them. Didactic game: "Feed animal»

The bag contains: honey, nuts, cheese, millet, apple, carrots, etc. Children get food for the animals, naming who they are serving it for.

Educator: Well done guys, you fed the animals well, take your seats.

Educator: Guys, the forest boy sent us so many interesting things that I want to send him some kind of gift. Let's finish our picture about winter. We have drawn the animals of our forests, but we will not paint them, but will help them become fluffy:

We'll sprinkle the squirrel with millet, the hare with semolina, the wolf with tea, and we'll send our works to Lesovichka. He will be very happy.

Educator: All animals move, breathe, feed, reproduce and grow. They are alive. Remember this, guys! Love and don't hurt animals!

Each arrival of winter is unique. Sometimes the first snow falls long before its onset. Heavy snowfalls are occasionally observed at the end of September, when the trees are just beginning to free themselves from their colorful foliage. Unexpected snow bends the fragile trunks of young trees to the ground, and the huge branches of old giants break under its weight. More often than not, snow falls much later.

By the beginning of November, the leaves of trees and shrubs are almost completely gone. The forest becomes more transparent and the palette of its colors changes. Bright yellow and various shades of red are replaced by faded tones of withered grass, among which there is a rare light of a belated flower - the last memory of a bygone summer.


The wall of forest rising beyond the river contrasts sharply with the faded meadow with dark spots of dark green spruce and more delicate crowns of pine trees, interspersed with white stripes of birch trees, and along the edge a bluish-gray border of alders. But this outfit is short-lived; it will last only until snowfall. Everything is transformed overnight when white flakes rush to the ground from the low hanging sky. Snow will not only transform the landscape for a long time, but will also significantly change the life of all living things.

The timing of snow cover largely affects the well-being of many birds and animals. Molted snowshoe hares feel very uncomfortable if the snow falls late. By mid-November they change their summer attire to winter. The white color of their fur makes them eye-catching, which numerous enemies will not miss to take advantage of.

During this period, although usually short, hares become easy prey for crows, ravens, owls, foxes and other predators. In addition to the white hare, the ermine and weasel acquire a white dress, and among the birds - the ptarmigan. For some it serves to camouflage themselves from enemies, for others it makes hunting easier.

Seasonal changes in the color of plumage and fur are characteristic of many animals, but it is not as drastic as in the species mentioned. The squirrel's reddish-brown summer fur is replaced by thicker and fluffy light gray fur by winter. The winter outfit of many animals differs from the summer one not only in lighter colors, but also in density, which significantly affects its thermal insulation properties. This cover protects animals from the winter cold.

There are many ways to cope with winter cold. In addition to changing seasonal outfits, numerous behavioral adaptations. In late autumn and early winter, many birds spend the night in trees or on the ground. But as the snow cover becomes deeper, they use it to spend the night, and in severe frosts they take refuge in it from the cold during the day. This is characteristic not only of grouse birds, but also of many others.

Thus, hazel grouse roost in the branches of spruce trees, and sometimes use thrush nests for sleeping. As a rule, from mid-December they sleep, buried in the snow. After all, in a snow shelter they have to spend significantly less energy maintaining body temperature. In the snow, at the bird’s depth, the temperature does not change as significantly during the day as on its surface, and besides, here it is significantly higher in frosty weather. During thaws, which are not uncommon in our area, and in slightly frosty weather, hazel grouse, black grouse and ptarmigan prefer to spend the night in shallow holes.

On the contrary, in particularly frosty weather, birds spend most of the day in holes, leaving snow shelters only for feeding time. It is not uncommon for hazel grouse, black grouse and partridge to be under the snow during the daytime, even in mid-March. Wood grouse also spend the night in holes, but hide in the snow during the day only in severe frosts or in bad weather, in strong snowstorms. In March, they settle down for the night in the snow under hanging branches of spruce trees, or in peculiar huts formed by the branches of young spruce trees pressed to the ground by snow.

Hares often lie down in such secluded places. The snowbirds, small birds with a very long stepped tail, spend the night in the snow; they penetrate into the cavities formed under the bushes bent under the weight of the snow. They also take refuge at night along the banks of streams and rivers, where the wind blows snowdrifts and deep caves form under cliffs or steep banks. Here you can also find roosting siskins and redpolls. Tits and woodpeckers prefer to spend the night in hollows or artificial nesting sites. They usually spend the night alone. A tit that has settled down for the night falls asleep soundly and does not react to bright light.

At this time, she presents an unusual sight: a delicate fluffy ball appears in front of you, from which only the tip of her tail sticks out. It is by the tail that one can determine its owner, because neither the color nor the shape of the body resembles the bird you know. Tree sparrows At night they also climb into hollows, birdhouses and other nesting areas where their nests are located. A pair of birds, a male and a female, spend the night together and use the same place to roost. long time. Only in case of anxiety are they forced to look for a new place to sleep. The places where sparrows stay at night are very diverse: niches in the walls of buildings, attics, nests barn swallows, chimneys and others.

All behavior of birds preparing for sleep is aimed at minimizing heat transfer as much as possible. After all, over a long period of time winter night they are motionless, which means that additional heat is not produced, which is so necessary to maintain a constant body temperature. That is why birds strive to find places where there will be less heat loss.

It is interesting that the great tit, even during a short winter day, forms a small reserve of fat, as happens in migratory birds before migration. This is what is used at night to maintain life. In grouse and other birds leading sedentary image life, the formation of fat reserves does not occur. Domestic geese and ducks become fat when their wild relatives migrate for the winter.

When resting, wild boars always settle in a dense group, and use some kind of plant material as bedding. On lakes they roost in reed thickets, lying on a thick layer of reeds. In the forest they use spruce branches and young fir trees, less often branches and twigs of other trees. One of the female wild boars, raised from her bed in the evening, was found the next day not far away on a newly prepared bed. To build a den, she broke 42 young fir trees in the area. Moose and hares, on the contrary, lie down directly on the snow.

The establishment of snow cover also affects the movement of animals. At the beginning of winter it is shallow and therefore does not impede movement so much, but gradually its thickness increases. It is difficult for even large and long-legged animals, such as wolves and elk, to move through deep snow. On the Vepsian Upland, where in winter perhaps the deepest Leningrad region snow cover; of the large animals, only lynx and white hare spend the winter. They are well adapted to running on loose snow.

To facilitate movement, snowshoe hares gradually build trails, which they use regularly during the winter. Often a lynx lies in ambush near the trails of hares. Forest glades, outskirts of swamps and forest edges - favorite places hunting of this predator, because hares come running here to feed. A lynx can stay here all day. It lies very tightly. Once I walked just 5 meters from a lying animal, but I never noticed it. The lynx was forced to leave the bed a little later when a dog discovered it by smell. Leaving the chase, the lynx left shallow tracks, while the dog sank deep into the snow. The lynx broke away from the pursuing dog without much effort.

Moose, wolves, foxes, and other animals, on occasion, use roads, ski tracks and trails of other animals to move around. In winter, wild boars do not lead such an active lifestyle as in other seasons. They prefer to use their own trail system. Only in case of danger are they forced to go off the beaten path, and there is always more ahead. large animal. Deep snow cover greatly complicates the movement of even adult moose. If the moose are provided with food and no one bothers them, then they can stay in one place for a long time. Once, in a young pine forest on the shores of Lake Ladoga, on just one hectare it was possible to count more than 40 moose beds. The animals spent at least two weeks in this patch of forest.

The conditions for the movement of animals in the snow depend not only on the depth of the cover, but also on its condition. Under its own weight, the snow compacts and becomes less loose over time. During thaws, it melts and then freezes and an ice crust forms on its surface - crust. In winters with frequent thaws, the snow cover becomes multilayered, consisting of several dense crusts, interspersed with looser layers. For small animals, crust is a blessing, but for large animals, on the contrary, it becomes a disaster.

If foxes, hares, and squirrels run on the crust without much effort, then moose, roe deer, etc. break through the ice crust and injure their legs with its edges. The existence of birds and animals becomes especially difficult when rainy weather suddenly gives way to cold weather. A thick ice crust forms on the surface of the snow cover, and the trunks and branches of trees are covered with an ice shell. During such periods, animals experience extreme difficulties not only in movement, but also in obtaining food.

At drastic changes weather during the day, under the icy crust, hazel grouse, black grouse and other birds often die, buried alive in the snow. A thick and especially strong crust is formed in March, when the weather is warm. sunny days give way to cold nights. In some years, the crust is so strong that from night until 10-11 o'clock in the afternoon it can support almost all animals.

Many animals spend most of their time under the snow or in its thickness, only occasionally appearing on the surface. Firstly, for some of them there is practically no food here, and besides, appearing in their dark attire against a white background, they can become easy prey. Mice and voles are hunted mainly by ermine, weasel, fox and owls, but on occasion they may be joined by crows, magpies, etc. After the establishment of deep snow cover, traces of minks are found much less often along the banks of rivers and streams. Since that time, they have been staying in snowy burrows and large cavities formed along the banks after the water level drops. Sometimes on small streams and rivers the ice hangs high above the water and spacious labyrinths are formed under its arches, allowing animals to move unhindered over considerable distances.

Therefore, there is no need for them to rise to the surface. It’s another matter when the snow begins to melt and the water level rises sharply again. In March they become more noticeable, because... the spaces under the ice are filled with water, and besides, spring is the time to move to new places and search for partners. It is easiest to judge the winter activity of voles after the snow cover has melted. Of course, the numerous passages they made in the snow disappeared without a trace, but the tunnels located in the grass pressed to the ground in the form of a complex labyrinth were preserved.

If the ground does not freeze, then the moles do not go to great depths, but stay in the surface layer. Mounds of fresh earth often appear under the snow, and sometimes you can see the owner himself in a black fur coat on the bright snow. This occurs only at the very beginning of winter. Later, the moles are forced to go deeper and can be seen again in the spring. Another representative of insectivorous animals, the hedgehog, spends not only the winter, but also a significant part of the autumn, as well as half of the calendar spring, in hibernation. Family ties are not an obstacle to such different lifestyles of these animals.