Communication between forest and man and the surrounding world. The importance of forests in nature and human life

Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"

Lesson topic Forest and man

Teacher's goals

Create conditions for familiarization with environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with human conservation activities;

defining the boundaries of knowledge and “ignorance”;

help students develop an understanding of the role of forests in the lives of humans and nature; initial search skills necessary information and analysis of the information received;

developing interest in the subject “The World around us”

Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge

Planned educational results:

subject (scope of development and level of competence): will have the opportunity to learn to formulate and justify rules of behavior in the forest; work with a textbook, with models of studied objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

meta-subject (components of cultural competence experience/acquired competence): will master the ability to understand the educational task of the lesson, answer questions, generalize their own ideas; listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, evaluate their achievements in the lesson; know how to engage in verbal communication and use a textbook.

personal : have moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice; demonstrate moral feelings and moral behavior, a conscious and responsible attitude towards their own actions

Methods and forms of training : partially search, research; group, frontal, collective, individual

Equipment photographs of the forest; presentation: “Forest and Man”; herbarium

Basic Concepts Phytoncides

Lesson progress

I.Updating background knowledge

1.Checking homework:

Children's messages about taiga, mixed and deciduous forests according to plan

Location on the map.

Features of nature.

Animal and plant life

(Slides 2-4)

2. Solving a crossword puzzle. (Slide 5.)

1. Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch.)

2. A coniferous tree that sheds its needles. (Larch.)

3. This animal has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears. (Lynx.)

4. This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel.)

5. Coniferous forest. (Taiga.)

6. A coniferous tree with flat needles and cones sticking up. (Fir.)

7. Lives in the wilderness of the forest, and in summer and winter he is a diligent worker, a forest carpenter with a big nose. (Woodpecker.)

8. Coniferous tree with short needles located singly. (Spruce.)

9. Tree with heart-shaped leaves. (Linden.)

10. What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka.)

11. Coniferous tree with a straight trunk yellow. The needles are long and sit in pairs. (Pine.)

Keywords: TAKE CARE OF THE FOREST.

II. Motivation (self-determination) for learning activities. Emotional, psychological motivational preparation of students to master educational material(Slide 6.) Reading a poem by S. Nikulina. Russian forest.

Russian forest

There's nothing sweeter

Wander and think here.

Heals, warms,

Feed the Russian forest.

And the thirst will torment -

That's a little forest guy for me

Among the thorny thickets

The fontanel will show.

I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -

And you can see everything to the bottom.

Water flows

Tasty and cold.

A rowan tree is waiting for us in the forest,

Nuts and flowers.

Fragrant raspberry

On dense bushes.

I'm looking for a mushroom clearing

I, without sparing my legs,

And if I get tired -

I'll sit down on a tree stump.

The forest loves pedestrians very much,

For them he is completely his own.

There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere

With a green beard.

Life seems different

And my heart doesn't hurt

When over your head,

Like eternity, the forest is noisy.

(S. Nikulina.)

– What relationships is this poem talking about?

What is a forest for a person?

What are we going to talk about today? (Formulation of the lesson topic0

Entries on slide (7) “Forest and Man”

Setting the lesson goal.

III. Learning new material Work in groups: identifying the role of the forest

in the life of man and nature (Working with the textbook p. 106)

Group assignments:

1. “Experts.” What is a forest for a person? (The forest is a place of rest.)

2. “Why?” What does the word “heal” mean, heard in S. Nikulina’s poem?

3. "Researchers". Where do we buy medicines?

– Medicinal plants also grow in the forest. This means that the forest is also a pharmacy.

– Why does the forest feed? (The forest is the source clean water and food.)

– How can a forest warm a person? (The forest is a source of fuel.)

– Look around, what things made of wood do you see? (Cabinets, tables, chairs, pencils, rulers, books and notebooks are also made of wood.)

This means that the forest is a source of wood.

– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest?

(They grow there.)

– What about animals, insects, birds? (They live.)

This means that the forest is a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.

– Look at how many meanings a forest has, but that's not all.

Forest is a protector of air, water bodies, and soils.

– Now open your textbooks and get acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and people:phytoncides. These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They die from them pathogenic bacteria. This is how important the forest is for humans and animals.

Summarizing the material based on the presentation. (Slides 9-15)

Presentation: “The meaning of the forest”

House for plants and animals

Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants

Wood source

Protector of air, water bodies, soils

A place of rest for a person

4. – What should a person remember when entering the forest?

Rules of conduct in the forest. (Game: “Yes-no”)

When I saw the fly agaric

I'm passing by friends.

(Yes.)

The chick fell out of the nest,

We can't touch him.

(Yes.)

Who collects lingonberries,

Bush with roots

vomits.

(Not me.)

Narva lilies of the valley in the forest

For mom's holiday

I'll bring it.

(No.)

Who is walking along the path?

Don't step on bugs?

(I.)

We don't break branches,

When we walk through the forest.

(Yes.)

We saw a hedgehog

And they took him home.

(No.)

We will find the anthill

Let's watch and leave.

(Yes.)

"Researchers". Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it not his fault that environmental problems forests?

Forest problems

Felling.

– What other problems does the forest have? (Showing the Red Book.)

Illegal hunting (poaching).

1. “Why” – why is the fourth one extra?

2. “Connoisseurs” - how they know the forest zone.

3. “Researchers” - solve research problems.

"Why?" What depends on each of us when we come to the forest?

– Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest?

– Why can't you make a fire?

“Fire in the Forest” (video show)

Physical education minute .

IV. Incorporating new knowledge into the knowledge system. Practical activities.

1 Teacher's story.

– Each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in centuries, in millennia, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now. After all, the forest is also a source of knowledge.

The story is based on Boris Zubkov’s book “What the Bat Suggested.”

"Autumn. Leaves wither and turn yellow. I just don’t want the leaves to part with the tree. And the wind gets stronger, tries to tear off the leaf, cold ground quit. But one leaf of the edge was bent, almost curled into a tube. A leaf tube exposes its round sides to the wind, the wind blows on it from all sides, but cannot tear it off. Why?

Let's do an experiment, guys! Grasp the edges of a piece of paper and lift it up. The sheet will immediately bend. Roll the paper tightly into a tube. Now try to bend and break such a tube. Is it difficult? So the wind is powerless against a sheet bent into a tube. One day a man saw such a leaf. And he conceived a bridge across the river, also like a leaf-tube. A large bridge, a thousand meters long. The resulting bridge is very strong. Because it looked like a leaf of wood, rolled into a strong, rigid tube.”

These are the discoveries nature suggested to man and awakened his creative thought.

This means that nature (forest) is a source of knowledge

2.Complete tasks from the electronic supplement to the textbook.

On pieces of paper, write down the rules of behavior in the forest and your wishes for your descendants.

3. Rules of conduct in the forest. (Generalization) Slide 22)

4. Creative work come up with conventional signs to the rules of conduct in the forest.

V. Lesson summary.

Reflection Summarizing the information received during the lesson.

Closing conversation. Grading

The bell is ringing

The lesson is over,

And the plan was completed.

Thanks guys

Huge to you

For being persistent

And they worked together!

– Did you like the lesson?

– How do you evaluate your work and the work of the class in the lesson?

VI. Homework (Slide 23)

– Find answers to questions:

1. Why doesn’t the Earth run out of oxygen?

2. What benefits does the forest bring to people?

3. What benefits do birds provide?

4. How should a person behave in the forest?

5. How can schoolchildren take part in forest protection?

6. What advice would you give to those camping outdoors in the forest?

Lesson summary on the world around us in 4th grade

Shroo Tatyana Alexandrovna,

teacher primary classes

MBOU "Special (correctional) secondary school No. 18"

Tyumen region, Novy Urengoy Lesson topic: “Forest and man.” Purpose and objectives of the lesson : to form in students an idea of the role of the forest in the life of man and nature; familiarize yourself with environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault; develop cognitive interest, cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior.
Equipment : a picture of a forest, a video “Fire in the Forest”, audio recordings of the sounds of the forest. Progress of the lesson. 1. Organizational moment Music is playing. Poems by S. Nikulina “Russian Forest” (read by student)Teacher: What relationships is this poem talking about?Students : About the relationship between man and forest.So the conclusion is: the forest must be protected.2. The topic of our lesson is “Forest and Man” We have three groups in the lesson. Experts show their knowledge, researchers study certain problems, and why people ask the question why? and find the answer to it. And so the experts: What is a forest for a person? 1 student. The forest is a place for a person to relax, because there is nothing nicer for a person than to wander and think here.Teacher: So the forest -

RECREATION PLACE

-And what does it mean, will heal, sounded in the poem?2 student . There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Hawthorn - lowers blood pressure, linden blossom - used for colds, strawberries - rich in many vitamins, rosehip is also rich in vitamins. Especially here in the north, many medicinal plants are useful, since people's health is poorer. Teacher : Where do we buy medicine?Students: At the pharmacy. Teacher: But these medicinal plants grow in the forest.So the forest is also

PHARMACY

Teacher: Why does the forest feed?3 student. In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, mushrooms, nuts, mushrooms, clean water. That means forest.

SOURCE OF CLEAN WATER AND FOOD

Teacher: How can it warm a person?4 student. A person heats a house with wood, and the firewood is trees that grew in the forest. That means forest.

FUEL SOURCE

Teacher : Look around, what things made of wood do you see? (cabinets, tables, chairs, pencil, ruler, books and notebooks are also made of wood) That means forest.

WOOD SOURCE

Teacher . What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest? (They grow there)What about animals, insects, birds? (They live)This means the forest is home for them. Teacher: Look at how many meanings a forest has, but that’s not all.Students tell what roles the forest plays. (Cleans the air from dust. Where the forest grows, the rivers do not become shallow, the forest “nourishes” them. The forest protects the soil from the wind, and the roots of plants prevent the soil from collapsing) That means forest. 3.Working with the textbook p.106. Teacher: - Now open your textbooks and get acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and people.

PHYTOCIDES

These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They kill pathogenic bacteria.This is how important the forest is for humans and animals. On the board - THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FOREST

RECREATION PLACE

4. What should a person remember when entering the forest? Game. When I saw the fly agaric I'm passing by friends. (Yes) The chick fell out of the nest, We can't touch him. (Yes) Who collects lingonberries? We tear out the bush by the roots. (not me) Who is walking along the path? Don't step on bugs? (I) We don't break branches, When we walk through the forest. (Yes) We saw a hedgehog And they took him home. (No) We will find the anthill Let's watch and leave. (Yes) Narva lilies of the valley in the forest I'll bring it to my mom for the holiday. (No)Physical exercise. Hands raised and shookThese are trees in the forestArms bent, hands shaken -The wind blows away the dewTo the side of the hand, wave it smoothly -These are the birds flying towards usLet us show you how they sit down quietly -The wings were folded back.5. Researchers. Teacher. -Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise? On the board.

PROBLEMS

1 student. Why do people cut down forests? For timber harvesting. Previously, they cut down with an ax, but now logging is destroying entire tracts of forest.So it's a forest problem.

CUTTING

- What other problems does the forest have?2 student. Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, but they killed as much as they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting of forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection.Display of the Red Book.This means another forest problem.

ILLEGAL HUNTING (POACHING)

6. Independent work. (by groups) 1. Why is the fourth one extra?2. Experts - how they know the forest zone.3.Researchers - solve research problems. (see Appendix)Testing and evaluation.7.What depends on each of us when we come to the forest? Why? 1 student. Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest? The flow of plastic bottles, bags, packaging film makes up 40% of the total household waste. Animals may be injured on bottles and cans.2 student. Why can't you make a fire? Animals and plants die. But this might not have happened. If a person follows the rules of making a fire and does not forget to extinguish it. “Fire in the Forest” (video show)8. Consolidation. Each of us must think about how our descendants will see the forests in centuries, in millennia, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now. After all, the forest is also a source of knowledge.Teacher's story (from Boris Zubkov's book “What the Bat Suggested”)"Autumn. Leaves wither and turn yellow. I just don’t want the leaves to part with the tree. And the wind gets stronger, trying to tear off a leaf and throw it on the cold ground. But one leaf of the edge was bent, almost curled into a tube. A tube-leaf exposes its round sides to the wind; the wind blows on it from all sides, but cannot tear it off. Why? Let's do an experiment, guys! Grab the edges of a piece of paper and lift it up. The sheet will immediately bend. Roll the paper tightly into a tube. Now try to bend and break such a tube. Is it difficult? So the wind is powerless against a sheet bent into a tube. One day a man saw such a leaf. And he conceived a bridge across the river, also like a leaf-tube. A large bridge, a thousand meters long. The resulting bridge is very strong. Because it looked like a leaf of wood, rolled into a strong, rigid tube.”These are the discoveries nature suggested to man and awakened his creative thought. Means.

NATURE (FOREST) SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE

Everything depends on you and me. We must take care of the forest and protect it. So let's turn to our descendants with the same request to protect and preserve the forest - our wealth, our lungs of the planet, our beauty.Write wishes on pieces of paper and attach homework to them.9. Lesson summary. Homework. The bell is ringing The lesson is over and the plan is completed,Thank you guys, thank you very muchFor working hard and together,Why are you so useful to our forest?And the leaves fly to the next lesson.
Homework. Find answers to questions. 1. Why doesn’t the Earth run out of oxygen?2.What benefits does the forest bring to people?3. What benefits do birds provide?4.How should a person behave in the forest?5. How can schoolchildren take part in forest protection?6. What advice would you give to those camping outdoors in the forest?

Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"
List of used literature: 1. Pleshakov A.A. From earth to sky atlas guide for primary school students. - 7th ed. - M.: Education 2006.2. Poem by S. Nikulina “Russian Forest”3. Book by Boris Zubkov “What the Bat Suggested”

Application. 1. “The fourth odd one” Underline.
1. Pine, spruce, oak, saxaul.2. Fir, linden, polar willow, cedar.3. Dwarf birch, pine, bird cherry, oak.4. Cypress, maple, rowan, elm.5. Ash, apple, birch, palm.6.Sable, marten, badger, polar wolf.7. Bear, fox, lizard, jerboa.8. Monitor lizard, hedgehog, badger, owl.9.Viper, black grouse, wild boar, polar bear.10. Goitered gazelle, elk, owl, thrush.
2. How do they know the forest zone? Connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow.
Fir Birch Taiga Cedar pine Linden Alder Mixed forest Pine Larch Oak Broadleaf Forest Maple
3.Tasks. a).60 kg of waste paper is saved from being cut down by one tree that has been growing in the forest for over fifty years. How many trees will students from one school save by collecting over 720 kg of waste paper? How much waste paper must be collected to save 27 trees?
b). While determining the amount of water provided by the spring, tourists noticed that 2x liter jar filled in 4 seconds. How much water does the spring produce in one hour?

Purpose of the lesson: Educational: to reveal the role of forests in nature and people’s lives, to show the importance rational use and forest protection. Educational: reveal the role of forests in nature and people’s lives, show the importance of rational use and protection of forests. Developmental: develop cognitive processes students. Developmental: develop the cognitive processes of students. Educational: to cultivate respect for nature and the need for protection environment. Educational: to cultivate a caring attitude towards nature and the need for environmental protection.

Forest for animals and plants The life of plants and plants depends on the forest. The forest is home to plants, animals and mushrooms. In the forest they feed, grow and reproduce. The forest is the “lungs of the planet.” It clears the air from harmful impurities. Protects soils and water bodies. The role of forests in nature

A variety of products and products are obtained from wood. Here are some of them: Rosin Turpentine Paper Cardboard Medicines Furniture Musical instruments Skis Artificial fabrics, etc. What is obtained from wood?

Ecological project. 20 kg of waste paper is saved by 1 tree. Textbooks weigh 2 kg. Notebooks, diary, album and tests - 3 kg Trees that need to be planted Waste paper that needs to be handed in For 1 student For 11 years of study, 3 trees 55 kg For our class For 11 years of study, 69 trees 2 tons 265 kg

Literature Literature -Vereshchagina V.A.Plants of the Kama region./V.A.Vereshchagina, N.L.Koliasnikova.- Perm, Book World, Zorina T.G. For schoolchildren about the forest./T.G. Zorina.-Forest industry, Tsvetkova I.V. Ecology for primary school./ I.V. Tsvetkova. -Yaroslavl, Academy of Development, 1997 I.V. Tsvetkova. -Yaroslavl, Academy of Development, 1997 -Yudina I.G. Non-standard lessons and creative tasks./I.G. Yudina-Volgograd.Teacher-Ast.2004.

Class: 4

Presentation for the lesson

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Lesson objectives:

To form in students an idea of the role of forests in the life of man and nature; to familiarize with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.
Develop cognitive interest.
To cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment.

S. Pogorelsky

Hello forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and miracles!
What are you making noise about in the leaves?
On a dark, stormy night?
What are you whispering at dawn?
Who is hiding in your wilderness?
What kind of animal? What bird?
Open everything, don’t hide:
You see, we are our own! Slide 1

II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

– Why did we start our lesson with a poem by S. Pogorelsky?

(This is a poem about the forest. The forest reveals all its secrets to us with pleasure. It gives us miracles, and we must take care of it.)

– Who should take care of the forest (People should do this.)

The topic of our lesson: “Forest and man.”

Today we will talk about the role of forests in the life of man and nature; Let's get acquainted with the environmental problems of the forest that arose due to human fault, with the protective activities of people in the forest zone.

III. Testing knowledge and skills.

1.Frontal work./At the same time, work on cards is underway./ Appendix 1.

– What do you know about the forest zone? Give a detailed description of the location of the forest zone on the map and tell us about the natural conditions that developed there.

(Forest zone located south of the zone tundra It is marked on the map green. The forest zone is located in temperate zone, which means that all four seasons of the year are clearly expressed, cold winter and warm summer. The forest zone is mostly located on the East European and West Siberian plains, as well as on the Central Siberian Plateau. This natural area is the largest. This natural zone has three parts: the largest part is the taiga. It is painted dark green. There are still mixed forests– also green, but lighter. And another part - deciduous forests, green even lighter.)

2. Group work.

Questions for nerds:

1st Group of Botanists

Help card:

What is called taiga?
Natural conditions taiga
What do all taiga plants have in common?
What plants grow in the taiga?

(Taiga is coniferous forest. It occupies most of the forest area. Winters in the taiga are cold, and summers are warmer than in the tundra, so trees that are not very demanding of heat grow here - these are coniferous trees. Coniferous trees have leaves that are needles, and they are always green. These are tall trees with powerful roots. In the taiga grow: spruce, pine, fir, larch, cedar pine. Slide 2

Spruce - known to everyone christmas tree. The Christmas tree's needles are short, rough, arranged singly and densely covering the branches. The cones have an oblong shape. Long-lived spruces. The spruce forest is dark and humid. Slide 3

Pine is a coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. Pine needles are long and sit in pairs. Pine cones have a round shape. The pine forests are light and dry.

Fir differs from spruce in that its needles are flat, and its cones stick up, and even mature ones do not fall to the ground, but scales simply fall off them.

Larch is the only coniferous tree that sheds its needles in the winter.

Cedar pine is popularly called Siberian cedar. Its needles are collected in bunches of five, and the seeds are pine nuts.

II group of botanists

Help card:

Location of mixed and deciduous forests.
Natural conditions in these forests.
What unites the plants of these forests?
What plants grow in these forests?

To the south the taiga comes to be replaced mixed forest. In it, along with coniferous trees Alder, birch, and aspen trees grow. Winter in such a forest is milder. Deciduous trees have medium-sized leaves, which they shed for the winter. Slide 4

Birch can be recognized by its bark, it is white; no other tree that reproduces by seeds has such bark. Slide 5

Aspen has rounded leaves, and they tremble with every breath of wind, the aspen's bark is greenish, and in the spring you can see long fluffy catkins.

Alder has small dark cones on the branches, the trunk is black or gray. Closer to the south, the zone becomes even warmer, and mixed forests are replaced by broad-leaved ones, in which large trees grow, shed their leaves for the winter, and reproduce by seeds.

The oak can be recognized by its mighty trunk and carved leaves; the fruits of the oak are acorns.

Linden has heart-shaped leaves. In summer, when the linden blossoms, it spreads a wonderful aroma. Linden fruits are dark nuts, sitting in several pieces under one wing.

Elm can be recognized by its leaves and fruits: the leaves at the base are “lopsided”, one half is larger than the other, the fruits are winged, rounded nuts. Slide 6

Maple can be Norway, Tatarian and American. The fruits of all maple species are winged.

Zoologists

Help card:

Birds of the taiga, what unites them.
Animals of the taiga, what unites them.
Fauna of mixed and broad-leaved forest.

Diverse fauna forest zone: here you can find large and small animals, insects. In the taiga live: nutcracker, chipmunk, flying squirrel, sable. Also living in the forest zone are: red deer, elk, bear, wolves, foxes, lynxes, hares, squirrels, wood grouse, chipmunks, voles. There are no borders for animals - they live throughout the entire zone. Some animals go into hibernation for the winter (hedgehogs, bears), others make supplies for the winter.

The nutcracker is a taiga bird that makes provisions for the winter from pine nuts. Slide 7

The flying squirrel is a relative of the squirrel, but smaller. She can not only jump, but also fly: she has membranes between her front and hind legs. Slide 8

The brown bear is an omnivorous animal, very mobile, can run quickly, jump, climb trees, and swim.

Elk is a forest giant. In different seasons of the year, moose consume different quantities food. In winter they form groups.

The lynx is a predator and has a spotted color. There are sideburns on the sides of the head, and tufts on the ears. The lynx, hiding, waits for the prey and quietly creeps up to it.

The white hare changes color for the winter, becomes white, only the tips of the ears are black, and the fur becomes thick. These are careful animals.

3. Blitz tournament“I know the forest.”

(Coniferous)

– Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark.

The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round.” (Pine)

– What special difference does larch have? (Drops needles)

– What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka)

– Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch)

– This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel)

– What tree are acorns the fruit of? (Oak fruit)

– Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (Chipmunk)

– What tree? broadleaf forest When it blooms, does it spread a wonderful aroma around? (Linden)

– Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (Lynx)

– What forest do we call taiga?

IV. Working with a new theme

S. Nikulina “Russian Forest” Slide 9

There's nothing sweeter Wander and think here. Heals, warms, Feed the Russian forest.	I'm looking for a mushroom clearing I, without sparing my legs, And if I get tired - I'll sit down on a tree stump.
And the thirst will torment you, That's a little forest guy for me Among the thorny thickets The fontanel will show.	The forest loves pedestrians very much, For them, he is completely his own. There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere With a green beard.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink - And you can see everything to the bottom. Water flows, Tasty and cold.	Life seems different And my heart doesn't hurt When over your head, Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest, Nuts and flowers, Fragrant raspberry On dense bushes.

– What relationships is this poem talking about?

(Between man and forest)

– What is a forest for a person?

The forest is a place of rest for a person, because “there is nothing nicer for a person to wander and think here”...

Rest place

– Why forest-pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Fresh air also heals.)

- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest”, “I bent down to drink from it...”

Source of clean water and food

How can a forest warm a person? (A man heats a house with firewood. And firewood is trees that grew in the forest.)

– This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.

Fuel source

– Look around, what things made of wood do you see?

– What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem. “Rowan berries, nuts and flowers, fragrant raspberries on dense bushes are waiting for us in the forest. I’m looking for a clearing of mushrooms, sparing no effort...”

– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms do in the forest? (They grow there.)

– What is the forest for them?

– For whom else is the forest home? (For birds, animals, bugs, spiders, worms.)

– This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.

House for plants, animals, mushrooms

– Look how many meanings the forest has, but that’s not all!

Article “The role of forests in nature and people’s lives”

– What roles does the forest play? Forest plants produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. The forest clears the air of dust. Phytoncides kill pathogenic bacteria.

– What is the forest for the air? (Defender)

– What else is the forest a protector for? (Reservoirs and soils).

Protector of air, water bodies and soils

– How does a forest protect water bodies? (The forest feeds the rivers, the rivers do not become shallow)

– How does the forest protect the soil? (The forest protects the soil from the wind, and the roots of plants prevent the soil from being destroyed)

The forest is a home, a protector, a source, a pharmacy, a place of rest. Slide10

– Is a person always fair to the forest?

Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?

Listen to N. Nekrasov’s poem and think about what environmental problem is being discussed:

Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away. Slide 11

– What environmental problem? we're talking about in a poem ? (About deforestation)

– People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.

– How does this problem make you feel?

– You are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.

– Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, forest animals are restricted and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:

beetles – crosotel beetle, relic woodcutter, stag beetle; Slide12

plants - ginseng, lady's slipper; Slide 13

birds – eagle owl, mandarin duck; Slide 14

animals - bison, Amur tiger. Slide 15

– Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the section in the textbook on pages 112, 113 “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”.

V. Physical education minute.

Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
Let us show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.

VI. Work on the topic.

Continue studying a new topic.

“We also have to figure out what depends on each of us.” Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Shame before the Nightingale.”

Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped it in newspaper eggshells and bread crumbs and put the bag in the bag.

“Why do you take garbage with you?” said Olya. Throw it under a bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!

“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.

– Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?

– If everyone acts like Olya, the forest will turn into a dump. You know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then tin cans, glass and plastic bottles Under no circumstances should you leave it in the forest. And animals can be injured by fragments of broken bottles. I would like to talk about one more action of a person.

V. Shefner “Forest Fire” Slide 16

Forgetful hunter at rest
I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches burned out
And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing,
He spread out his crimson rags.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes and went into the green forest.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
The trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.

– What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?

- But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.

Reading the memo (p. 111 textbook).

– Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?

– At home, come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.

What are these actions?

Cutting down trees on the banks of reservoirs.
Piles of garbage. Left by a person after work.
Forest pollution from household waste.
Making fires.

– What should people remember when coming to the forest?

– Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now. Slide 17

VIII. Summing up the lesson.

– Name the significance of the forest for humans.

IX. Homework.

Textbook (P.106-113).

Notebook (p.35).

Draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.

(6.5 MB)

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Goals:

To form in students an idea of the importance of forests in the life of nature and people.
Familiarize yourself with environmental forest problems arising due to human fault, with security activities in the forest zone.
Develop cognitive interest, cultivate love and respect for nature, and a culture of behavior.

Equipment: multimedia projector; interactive whiteboard; presentations “Forest and Man”, “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”; Multimedia course "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD); "Birds of central Russia: sounds of nature - 2002," a compact disc (CD-ROM) contains recordings of the voices of birds of central Russia. Rolled magnetic plastic poster "Forest Natural Community" and illustrated magnetic cards from the Spectra set. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Textbook for 4th grade. Part 1. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Let's test ourselves: Notebook for 4th grade elementary school students: Part 1. Riddles. Exhibition of student written (printed) messages: about medicinal plants of the forest, forest mushrooms, berries; on the use of wood; on forest protection, the Red Book of the Russian Federation. (Children get acquainted with the messages before and after the lesson).

1. Org. moment. Updating knowledge.

Teacher. Guys, in the last lesson you got acquainted with the natural forest area. And in order for you to be able to determine what our lesson will be about today, I suggest listening to poems performed by our students:

The forest fills a basket with mushrooms
And in reserve
Leaves a little...
After all, the animals of the forest
They eat mushrooms
Therefore greedy
Entry into the forest is prohibited!
V. Shulzhik

It's good in our forest!
As soon as I entered the bushes -
I found a boletus
Two chanterelles, boletus
And a green moss.
The prickly hedgehog is in front of me
I ran to my home.
Two titmouses in silence
They sang songs to me loudly.
I wandered further away
I picked blueberries there.
Now I bring everything home.
It's good in our forest!
G. Ladonshchikov

Children. We will talk about what the forest can give to a person, and about careful attitude to him

Showing the first slide of the presentation "Forest and Man".

U. Imagine that you are in the forest, close your eyes.

Listening to a fragment of the audio recording "Birds of Central Russia".

U. What sounds did you hear in the forest?

D. Birds singing.

U. Do you remember what the air is like in the forest?

D. There is clean air in the forest.

U. Do you like to be in the forest? Why?

D. The forest is beautiful, interesting, there are many different plants, animals, birds singing.

U. The forest is very important for nature and people. The forest is clean fresh air. The beauty of forests inspired poets, artists and musicians to create wonderful works of art, for example, composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, artist I.I. Shishkina. Admire reproductions of forest landscapes painted by Ivan Shishkin.

Showing slide II of the presentation “Forest and Man” by I.I. Shishkin.

Mini quiz.

U. Remember which works you read in class? literary reading, these lines, and who is their author? (Three students recite excerpts from poems by heart):

It's a sad time! Ouch charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I love the lush decay of nature,
Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...
A.S. Pushkin"It's a sad time! The charm of the eyes!"

The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing...
I.A. Bunin"Leaf fall."

Enchantress in Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life...

Is the winter sun shining
On him your ray with a scythe -
Nothing will tremble in him,
It will all flare up and sparkle
Dazzling beauty.
F.I. Tyutchev"Enchantress Winter"

D. Forests are our common wealth, we must be able to admire them, we must protect the forest.

U. Lesson topic: "Forest and man." During the lesson we will talk about the role of forests in the lives of people and nature, get acquainted with the environmental problems of forests and the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.

II. Knowledge test.

Working with the multimedia textbook "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD). Lesson 09. Natural areas of Russia.

U. What have you learned about the forest area? (Students perform tasks on the interactive board):

a) Indicate the taiga zone on the map.

b) What plants are there in the taiga?

c) In what natural zone of Russia do oak, birch, maple, and aspen grow?

d) For which natural area What are the characteristics of these plants and animals?

Drawing up food chains using Spectra's illustrated magnetic cards "Natural Community of the Forest" (performed by 1 student).

Individual work on cards (the work is carried out by three students):

A) Complete the text: The forest zone is located... in the tundra zone. It is indicated... by color on the map of natural areas. The forest zone is the most... natural zone, which is located in... the belt. The forest zone consists of... parts.

b) Correct errors in the text: Taiga is a deciduous forest; it occupies the smallest part of the forest zone. In the taiga there are cold winters, summers are colder than in the tundra, so trees grow here that are especially demanding of heat: oak, cedar pine, birch, linden, maple, larch, spruce, aspen, fir, pine.

V ) Continue the sentences:

The forest zone is divided into three parts: ________________________

Closer to the south, mixed forests are replaced by ________________

In deciduous forests grow: ______________________________

Animals living in the taiga are:__________________________________________

Summing up the results of the knowledge test, marking.

III. Working on a new topic.

Guessing riddles.

U. I suggest you solve the riddles and think about the significance of the forest in the life of nature and people:

Like on a stitch, on a path
I see scarlet earrings.
I bent down for one,
And I came across ten!
I was leaning - I was not lazy,
I filled the mug with the top.
(Strawberries) E. Blaginina

A family lives on a stump:
Mom, dad, brother and me.
We have one house, and the roof
Everyone has their own.
(Honey mushrooms) N. Pikuleva

Of course not white -
I, brothers, am simpler,
I usually grow
In a birch grove.
(Boletus) 3. Alexandrova

This guy is very strong
Naughty tooth
Split it first
And then eat.
(Nut) Unknown author.

U. What were the riddles about? Think about why people come to the forest?

D. Collect mushrooms, berries, nuts.

U. What else does the forest give to a person? What does it mean for nature? (Children's answers).

Show III, IV, V slides of the presentation "Forest and Man". Students become familiar with the content of the slides and make comments.

U. Since ancient times, the forest fed and warmed people. Wood served as a material for building and heating homes. People made household utensils from wood, built huts, heated them with firewood and brushwood, wove bast shoes from bast, baskets from twigs, and boxes from birch bark. Our ancestors collected berries, mushrooms, nuts in the forests, and used medicinal herbs To cure illnesses, they hunted wild animals.

Working with the textbook.

U. You will learn about what other significance the forest has by reading the article in the textbook “The Role of the Forest in Nature and People’s Lives” on pp. 106 - 107.

U. What other roles does the forest play? (Children's answers).

Show slide VI of the presentation "Forest and Man". The meaning of the forest.

IV. Physical education minute.

Here is a tall pine tree
She reaches for the sun.
An ancient oak tree above the clearing
He spread the branches to the sides.
And mushrooms grow below,
There are so many of them here now!
Don't be lazy and don't be shy,
Lean over for mushrooms!
It's good to walk through the forest!
But learning is more interesting!
O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefyodova

V. Continued study of a new topic.

U. Is a person always fair to the forest? Whose fault do you think causes environmental problems in the forest? (Children's answers).

Students reading an excerpt from a story by K.G. Paustovsky "Creaky Floorboards".

Perhaps most of all to the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky was helped by the forests, the forest house where he stayed this summer, clearings, thickets... this amazing air...

The house stood on a hill. The forests went down into the cheerful distance, where a lake lay among the thickets. There the composer had favorite place- it was called Rudy Yar.

The road to Yar itself always caused excitement. Sometimes, in winter, in a damp hotel in Rome, he would wake up in the middle of the night and begin to remember this road step by step: first along a clearing where pink fireweed blooms near stumps, then through birch mushroom forests, then through a broken bridge over an overgrown river and along out and up, into the ship's forest.

He remembered this path, and his heart beat heavily. This place seemed to him the best expression of Russian nature...

He knew that today, having been there, he would return - and his favorite theme, long living somewhere inside, about the lyrical power of this forest side, would overflow and flow in streams of sounds. And so it happened. He stood for a long time on the cliff of Rudy Yar. Dew dripped from the thickets of linden and euonymus... The familiar land was all caressed by light, illuminated by it down to the last blade of grass. The variety and power of lighting caused Tchaikovsky to feel that state when it seems that something extraordinary, like a miracle, is about to happen. He had experienced this state before. He couldn't be lost. It was necessary to immediately return home, sit down at the piano and hastily write down what was played on sheets of music paper.

Tchaikovsky quickly walked towards the house. There was a tall, spreading pine tree in the clearing. He nicknamed it “the lighthouse.” She made a quiet noise, although there was no wind. Without stopping, he ran his hand over her heated bark...

Teacher.Having learned that the forest had been sold to the merchant Troshchenko, who was going to cut it down, Pyotr Ilyich desperately tried to “prevent the execution from happening”: he went to both the governor and Troshchenko. But, returning home, he nevertheless became an eyewitness to the “meanness”.

..."Will I have time? - thought Tchaikovsky... Tomorrow they will start cutting down the forest. What kind of meanness is this!" ... The horses carried the carriage into the clearing. Someone ahead shouted a warning. The coachman immediately reined in the horses. Tchaikovsky stood up and grabbed the coachman's shoulder. The lumberjacks scattered from the foot of the pine tree, bending over like thieves.

Suddenly the entire pine tree, from roots to top, shuddered and groaned. Tchaikovsky clearly heard this groan. The top of the pine tree swayed, the tree began to slowly lean towards the road and suddenly collapsed, crushing neighboring pines and breaking birches. With a heavy roar, the pine tree hit the ground, trembled with all its needles and froze. The horses backed away and began to snore.

It was a moment, just one terrible moment of death of a mighty tree that had lived here for two hundred years... Tchaikovsky approached the top of a fallen pine...

There were also birch branches broken off by pine trees. Tchaikovsky remembered how the birch trees tried to hold the falling pine tree, take it onto their flexible trunks in order to soften the fatal fall - the earth shook far away from him. He quickly went home. First to the right, then to the left, then behind was the roar of falling trunks. And still the earth groaned dully. Birds darted over the clearing... Tchaikovsky kept speeding up his steps. He almost ran.

Meanness! - he muttered. - Monstrous abomination! Who gave a person the right to mutilate and disfigure the earth so that some Troshchenko would slobber on banknotes at night? There are things that cannot be valued in rubles or billions of rubles. Is it really so difficult for these wise statesmen to understand there, in St. Petersburg, that the power of the country lies not only in material wealth, but also in the soul of the people! The wider and freer this soul is, the greater the greatness and strength the state achieves. And what fosters breadth of spirit if not this amazing nature! It must be protected, just as we protect human life itself. Descendants will never forgive us for the devastation of the earth, the desecration of what rightfully belongs not only to us, but also to them...

U. What environmental problem is K. Paustovsky talking about?

D. About deforestation.

Showing the VII slide of the presentation “Forest and Man” During deforestation.

U. Look at how timber is currently harvested. Such pictures remain after the work of loggers. How do these photographs make you feel?

Our forests are in danger! We are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, we are concerned about this problem, which means we need to look for ways to solve it. What would you propose to do to protect forests? (Collect waste paper).

U. Listen to the poem and tell me what kind of feasible assistance from schoolchildren in preserving forests is the author talking about?

Schoolboy, just one notebook
Let's save for a quarter with you!
And the forests we saved
They will say “thank you” to all voices.

Reading a poem (read by prepared students).

U. Think about what environmental problems of the forest Anatoly Orlov writes about “About the tourist Fedya and the bear (how not to behave in the forest)”

Through the thick green grass
A “green” tourist was going on a hike.
In the silence the “magician” rumbles,
His backpack rattles to the beat.
The sun is shining brightly in the sky,
A cool wind hits your face.
Fedya, that’s the tourist’s name,
For the first time he storms the distance...
- They are melting, - know this, -
There are cigarettes in a bright pack.
Yes, matches are smoking in the bushes,
What quits out of habit...
Here in a rowan jacket,
Picking up the toe of a shoe
Your cigarette butt, boy
Threw it deliciously onto a stump.
What a scared bird
It flew out of the nest in one fell swoop.
Fedya shouted after her:
- Hello to the wood grouse!
Unfinished bottle
Threw it into a pile at the fork.
A ray jumps from the bottle
A hot trickle through the heap...
A pile of dried branches
It will soon burst into flames like gunpowder.
-...The guy is strong, full of strength –
There is no trace of him...
From a rocket launcher to a squirrel
He hits the plate like in a shooting gallery...
Among the dense windfall
I decided to relax like I was at home.
And Fedya will soon go to rest -
A large fire was immediately lit.
I ate Snickers and drank tea. –
Full of fresh energy again.
And without putting out the fire,
Hidden in the dark wilderness...
But behind Fedya's back
The smoke is a thick veil.
And around this time
The bear walked quietly up the mountain.
Seeing everything is his habit:
He looks - the forest is burning from a match...
Where the fire was glowing -
The old forest is burning.
From the burning heap to the thicket
The snake crawls, smoldering with fire...
They gave me a job
Until the seventh, immediately, sweat!
The red skin is smoking,
The bear continues to fight
With the fire running wild.
- There wasn’t enough time in the afternoon -
The evening is extinguishing, the night is extinguishing,
To help our native taiga!
Anger strangles the bear with all its might:
- I'll cut off the bastard's ears.
Let him cut it off on the nose,
How to behave in the forest.
But while I was extinguishing the taiga,
Fedya has long since disappeared...
Yes, - the bear thought, -
Hundreds of Fedya come to the forest.
Fedya will not see behind everyone
Even a thousand bears.
We need to make sure that Fedya
Honor the Bear Rules!
So that they, and all the boys
They were read like books.
Didn't smoke, didn't litter,
The forest was idolized in everything.
Take care of animals and birds,
Without bad habits, we would go on.
And then there are bears in the forest
Even Fedya will be welcome!

U. What rules of behavior in the forest did Fedya violate? What act of such a unfortunate tourist led to great trouble for the forest and its inhabitants?

D. Careless handling of fire leads to a fire in the forest.

Show the VIII slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Forest fire.

U. Why is a forest fire dangerous? What should be done to prevent fires from starting a fire?

D. During a fire, forest inhabitants die, the ecological balance and ecological connections are disrupted. To avoid fires, you must follow the rules for making a fire.

Working with the textbook.

U. Read the memo “How to make a fire” on page 111 in the textbook.

U. What else can’t you do in the forest?

D. Break tree branches, destroy nests, make noise, litter.

U. This is what a forest can become.

Show slide IX of the presentation "Forest and Man". Landfills in the forest.

U. What harm do unauthorized landfills cause to forests and people?

D. They pollute the environment, disrupt the ecological balance, etc.

U. What other environmental problem of the forest do you know?

D. Killing animals is one of the environmental problems of the forest.

U. What did excessive hunting lead to?

D. To the complete or almost complete extermination of some animals.

U. What measures are being taken by the state to protect and save forest animals?

D. Hunting for forest animals is limited, poaching is punishable by law, rare and endangered animals and plants are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are under special protection of the state.

Show X slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Red Book.

Screening of the presentation "Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve".

U. Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the presentation and the teacher’s story.

In the south of the Moscow region, near the city of Serpukhov, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve - a pearl of nature in the southern Moscow region. The reserve was created in June 1945 after the war. Its area is 4945 hectares. Most of it is covered with forests. In 1979, the reserve received the status biosphere reserve. There are 960 species of plants growing on the territory of the reserve, including rare ones listed in the Red Book of Russia. The pearl of the reserve are areas of steppe vegetation surrounded by pine forests located in the south of the reserve. This is a unique “Oka flora”. Here you can see such rare plants for the Moscow region as feather grass, fescue, Bieberstein tulip, Russian hazel grouse and other plants steppe zone. 56 species of mammals live here. The most common inhabitants of the Russian Plain are wild boar, elk, badger, marten, weasel, and hares: hare and hare. Rarely does a wolf come in. IN recent years there are lynx and otter. Roe deer and beaver have been restored. The bird fauna includes 140 species. In spring and summer, pied flycatchers, finches, robins, warblers, and great tits are numerous. There are capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse. And also the black kite, kestrel, hawks - goshawk and sparrowhawk, tawny owl, little owl. Among the insects rare species butterflies Mnemosyne, swallowtail, Apollo, etc. In 1948, the Central Bison Nursery was organized in the reserve, which became the center for the restoration and breeding of bison in Russia. Animals are kept here in conditions close to natural. During the existence of the nursery, more than 600 purebred bison were born, 250 of them were resettled in the forests of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania. Excursions are organized at the bison nursery.

VI. Consolidation.

Working with Spectra's "Forest Natural Community" magnetic poster and illustrated cards. With the help of cards, children show and talk about which human activities are aimed at benefiting the forest community, and which, on the contrary, bring harm to the forest.

U. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?

Work in notebooks "Let's test ourselves." Peer testing in pairs.

Option I - task No. 1. Complete the diagram “The importance of forests in nature and people’s lives,” p. 29.
Option II - task No. 2. Mark those animals that are listed in the Red Book and live in the forest zone, p. 30.

VII. Homework.

VIII. Bottom line.

U. What new did you learn in the lesson? What should a person remember when coming to the forest? (Children's answers). Everyone should think about how our descendants will see the forests, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us today.

Grading.

Materials used.

1. O. Dmitrieva: Lesson developments for the course “The World around us”: 4th grade: K educational method. set of Pleshakov A.A. M.: VAKO, 2006.

3. Site Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve http://www.danki.ru/

4. Website "Ecotravel" http://www.ecotravel.ru/regions/reserves/1/2/36/