The topic of the week is the wild animals of our forests and their young. Animals of the Russian forest zone: hedgehogs, foxes, wolves, badgers and tigers Canadian forests and groves

To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Wild animals “Inhabitants of the forest” part 1 Prepared by: Chernykh T.A.

Brown bear Brown bear lives in the forest and loves to climb trees. Despite his clumsiness, he can run fast and swim well.

Brown bear The bear is an omnivore. His favorite treats are honey and raspberries. And Brown Bear is an excellent fisherman!

Brown bear The bear lives in a den. He sleeps in his house all winter, living off accumulated fat reserves. in spring brown bear wakes up.

The most famous bear cub - winnie the pooh HONEY

Squirrel The squirrel lives in the forest, but sometimes it can be found in the park. Such squirrels are not afraid of humans and can take a nut from his hands. It is better not to give peanuts and sunflower seeds to squirrels.

Squirrel Squirrels are omnivores; they love to feast on nuts, mushrooms, berries, and seeds. In spring they feed on tree buds. Sometimes they eat insects, frogs and small birds.

Squirrel Duplo is a house for a squirrel, where it stores supplies for the winter. And sometimes he buries nuts in the ground.

Hare The hare is the most timid animal. As soon as he hears a rustle, he’ll immediately run - he’s an excellent athlete! In summer the hare is gray, and in winter it changes its coat to white.

Hare The hare loves carrots, apples and cabbage, but since he is a forest dweller, he eats various grass, thin twigs, bark, seeds, and berries.

Hare The hare lives in a hole that it digs under a bush, so it hides from predators - the wolf and the fox.

Wolf Wolves live in packs, the strongest and bravest wolf is the leader.

Wolf A wolf does not have a special home; they can live in a rock crevice or thicket of bushes, but when they breed, they make a den.

Wolf The wolf is a predator and hunts at night. Eats meat, poultry, loves fish. When there is no prey, wolves eat berries, fruits and even mushrooms. At night you can hear a wolf howling at the moon.

Boar The boar is the ancient ancestor of the pig. Lives where there is water nearby. Although the boar is clumsy, it runs quickly and swims beautifully. The boar is a very ferocious animal!

Wild boar During the day, the wild boar lies in a dug hole, and in the evening it comes out to look for food - roots, fruits, plants. The boar's favorite delicacy is acorns.

Boar The boar is very strong, they are not afraid of anyone except the wolf, lynx and man.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Lesson summary “Life of wild animals in the forest in winter”

Summary of a lesson on the natural environment and environmental education “The life of wild animals in the forest in winter” in a preparatory group for school...

Summary of direct educational activities on the development of coherent speech in the preparatory group on the lexical material of wild animals. GCD topic: Wild animals of our forests.

Lesson on speech development in the preparatory group...

Lexical topic: “Wild animals of our forests”

Goal: To clarify and systematize children’s knowledge about wild animals.

Educational:

1. Exercise in education compound adjectives, possessive adjectives, nouns with the suffix ISH.

2. Agreement of numerals with a noun

3. Strengthen the ability to form nouns with diminutive suffixes.

Educational:

1. Expand, enrich and activate the vocabulary on the topic.

2. Contribute to the development of the prosodic side of speech.

3. Promote the development of phonemic awareness.

4. Development of coherent speech skills.

Educational:

1. Develop the ability to listen carefully to the teacher and peers.

2. Foster a caring attitude towards nature.

Equipment: Parcel, paper models of the heroes of the fairy tale “Teremok”, playing field,

Demonstration material: drawings of animal parts. Preliminary work: 1. Reading the fairy tale “Teremok” 2. Looking at illustrations about animals 3. Talking about careful attitude to the animals of our region

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS

1. Organizational moment: - Look at the guests and greet them with a nod of your head. Today we received a package, let's see what's in it together. (We open the parcel, and there are envelopes with riddles in it.)

1. Lives in a hole, chews crusts

Short legs, afraid of cats (mouse)

2. The owner of the forest wakes up in the spring,

And in winter, under the blizzard howl

Sleeping in a snow hut (bear)

3.Who is cold in winter

An angry, hungry wolf walks around

4.What kind of forest animal

Stood up like a post under a pine tree

And stands among the grass -

Are your ears bigger than your head? (hare)

5. She is more cunning than all the animals,

She's wearing a red fur coat (fox)

6. The green animal is jumping

Not a mouth, but a trap

Will fall into a trap

And a mosquito and a fly (frog)

Children solve riddles and take on characters from the fairy tale “Teremok”

2. Report the topic of the lesson

What fairy tale are these characters from? Teremok. - Today we will tell this tale on new way. One - two - three - bring the fairy tale to life. (Teremka playing field is laid out) 3. Expanding the vocabulary on the topic.

Speech therapist: There is a tower in the field. A little mouse runs past, sees the tower and asks:

CHILD: -Terem, teremok! Let me live with you?

Speech therapist: - I will, if the guys tell me where a wolf, a fox, a squirrel, a bear, a hare, a hedgehog lives in the forest. (The wolf lives in a den. The fox lives in a hole. Etc.) - A mouse came in and began to live there.

4. Agreement of nouns with numerals

Speech therapist: A frog-frog galloped up to the tower. She saw the Teremok and croaked: CHILD: - kva-kva-kva, Who lives in the tower? Let me live in your little mansion. Speech therapist: I will, if the guys name the cubs of wild animals with the number 1, 2, 32 (1 elk, fox, etc.) - A frog came in and began to live there.

5. Formation of nouns with diminutive suffixes.

Speech therapist: A little bunny runs past the mansion, stops and asks: CHILD: - Who lives in the mansion? Let me live in your little mansion. Speech therapist: I will, if you together call wild animals affectionately. (Mouse-mouse, hare..., hedgehog..., squirrel..., wolf..., fox..., bear..., elk..., boar...) - The bunny came in and began to live there.

6. Physical exercise: Finger gymnastics “Brown Bear”

Brown target in winter (fingers clench and unclench)

He slept soundly in the den. (put hands under cheek)

In the spring he woke up, (pulls his hands up)

Yawned and stretched: (yawn and stretch)

Hello, red fox! (bend fingers alternately)

Hello, little sister!

Hello, little gray wolf!

Hello, little white bunny!

And a prickly hedgehog brother.

7. Formation of possessive adjectives

Speech therapist: A little fox-sister runs past the mansion, stops and asks: CHILD: - Who lives in the mansion? Let me, little mansion, live with you. Speech therapist: I'll let you know whose paws and tails these are. (The ears of a hare are those of a hare, those of a wolf are those of a wolf, etc. (according to the pictures)) - A fox came in and began to live there.

8. Using compound adjectives

Speech therapist: A gray barrel top runs past the mansion, stops and asks: CHILD: - who lives in the mansion? Let me live in your little mansion. Speech therapist: I will, if you call me together difficult words.

If a fox has thin paws, then it is thin-footed,

The hare has long ears - long-eared,

The squirrel has a red tail - red-tailed,

The bear has a short tail - short-tailed.

The hedgehog has a sharp nose - pointed,

The hare has slanted eyes - cross-eyed,

Moose have long legs - long-legged. - A wolf came in and began to live there.

9. Formation of nouns with the suffix –ish Work on speech prosody

Speech therapist: Now we sit down more quietly, more quietly - Let’s be quiet in our holes like mice. A bear walked through the forest, trampled and growled. He really wanted honey, but he didn’t know where to look. He saw the mansion and growled: CHILD: - who lives in the mansion? Let me in. Speech therapist: I’ll let you in if the guys tell me what?

The she-wolf has mustaches, the wolf has mustaches, and the wolf cub has mustaches,

The bear has paws,...

The bunny has ears...

The fox has a tail...

the moose has horns...

hedgehogs have claws...

the wolf has teeth...

The bear entered the mansion and began to live there.

10. Compilation of a descriptive story

Speech therapist: Well done! Children, who did you enjoy helping the most today? Let's tell you more about the bear according to the outline plan

Children tell a descriptive story in a chain.

Bear is a wild animal.

The bear lives in a den.

The bear has cubs - cubs.

The bear eats berries, honey and loves to fish.

11. Summary of the lesson

Our heroes began to live amicably and cheerfully in their little mansion. Did you like the fairy tale?

Forests maintain the ecological balance on the planet. The shrubs and trees growing in them emit oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. The forest is also important for many species of animals that find food and shelter in it.

Characteristics of forest fauna

Forests make up about 30% of the Earth's total land area. They have incredible value for life on the planet. Forests serve as carbon storage and play an important role in combating. They act as a watershed and are the source of many raw materials on which people depend. Probably supports the most. For example, a small area of ​​tropical forest can be home to millions of insects, birds, animals and plants. There are three main types of forest that make up the forest biome. This tropical forests, temperate and boreal forests (also called).

boreal forests

Badger

The predator from the mustelid family is found almost throughout the entire territory of Eurasia, with the exception of Scandinavia. The body length of the animal varies between 60-90 cm, and average weight- 7-13 kg. Badgers live in high, dry areas, near ponds or swamps. They make deep burrows with nesting sites on the slopes of banks or ravines. The food source is insects, small animals, as well as seeds, fruits and berries. By winter, the badger gains fat and goes into hibernation. Life expectancy in nature is 10-12 years. Natural enemies are bears, wolves and lynxes.

Sable

The animal's home is the Eurasian taiga. The sable settles in forests where cedars and fir trees grow. The largest population currently survives only in Russia. The animal makes its shelters in windbreaks and dense mossy forests. An adult weighs about one kilogram, the body length can reach more than 50 cm. The sable hunts rodents and. IN winter time animals often feed on carrion. They run 3 km a day in search of food. The sable's competitors are the weasel weasel and the ermine.

Chipmunk

Chipmunks live in the dense forests of Eurasia and North America, giving preference to forest edges and windbreaks. The body size without a tail is 18-25 cm, weight - 50-150 g. The animals are active, and at night they sleep. Chipmunks live alone, each individual builds a cozy shelter for itself. Near the dwelling there are small storerooms with supplies. The food source is seeds, berries, mushrooms, nuts and herbs. Under natural conditions, chipmunks live no more than three years. The animal has many natural enemies: bear, sable, squirrel and fox. Birds of prey and snakes also pose a danger.

Ussuri tiger

which lives in the south Far East. The Ussuri tiger is the largest subspecies of the tiger. The body length with tail is 270-380 cm, weight can reach 300 kg. Despite their impressive size, tigers, like everyone else, move almost silently. The climate of the Far East is quite harsh, so the animal has thick fur. The main coat color is red, with the exception of the belly and chest. Its entire surface is covered with black stripes. Tigers live alone and mark their territory by urinating on trees. The predator most often hunts boars, badgers, wolves and lynxes. Tigers skillfully catch fish and do not neglect small animals - frogs, mice, birds, as well as plants and fruits. In one meal, an animal can eat 30 kg of meat. In the wild, tigers live for about 15 years and have no natural enemies.

Brown hare

Hares live in the forests of Europe, Central Asia And Western Siberia. Rusaks were artificially settled in North America, Australia, and New Zealand. The body length of an adult is 57-68 cm, weight - 4-6 kg. In summer, the animal's fur has a reddish-brown tint, and becomes lighter in winter. The tips of the ears remain black throughout the year. A hare's hole is a depression under the roots of trees. In summer, hares eat grasses, grains and legumes. In winter, they eat willow branches, tree bark, and seeds. It is not easy to catch the animal; it reaches a speed of 60 km/h. Average duration The lifespan of brown hares in nature is 6-7 years. The greatest danger is represented by foxes and wolves.

Elk

The moose's habitat extends to the forests of Eurasia, the Caucasus and North America. They choose swampy taiga, floodplains, burnt areas and lake shores. The body length of an adult is 2.4-3.2 m, weight - 360-600 kg. The horns of males resemble a shovel; the older the individual, the more processes there are on the horns. Moose are. In summer they feed on the foliage of shrubs and herbaceous plants. Branch food and tree bark play an important role in the digestion process. Elk are well adapted to life in harsh conditions taiga Life expectancy in the wild is 15-25 years. Natural enemies are wolves and bears.

Organization: MBDOU Kindergarten Mishutka

Locality: Smolensk region, Roslavl

Target : Formation of knowledge about the wild animals of our forest through the integration of educational areas.

Tasks : Enrich and systematize children’s knowledge about the life of wild animals in our forests: lifestyle, nutrition, housing;

Develop the ability to establish causality - investigative connections, learn to draw conclusions;

Develop children's coherent speech through composing descriptive stories about animals using a diagram - algorithm;

Enrich children's vocabulary with names of signs and actions by designating qualities (features of appearance, nutrition, habits);

Form auditory perception in children;

Develop communication skills children, intelligence;

Foster curiosity, love, caring and caring attitude towards animals native land.

Integration of educational areas : cognitive development, speech development, artistic and aesthetic development, physical development, social and communicative development.

Preliminary work: conversations with children, reading fairy tales, stories about the animals of our forests, looking at encyclopedias about animals, watching cartoons, presentations, looking at photographs, memorizing poems, asking riddles, productive activities in drawing and appliqué classes, making and working with a “Wild” laptop animals of the forest."

Materials and equipment:

multimedia screen, photographs of wild animals, sounds of the forest, a ball for playing, silhouette coloring pages of wild animals, gouache, foam sticks, glue brushes, cotton swabs, pastel crayons.

Move educational activities:

1.Organizational moment

The sun has woken up in the sky,

It made us guys smile.

We quietly close our eyes,

We raise our hands to the sky.

Let's take the rays of the sun

And we’ll bring it to your heart.

Educator: Guys, tell me, do you believe in miracles? (children's answers) I suggest you close your eyes with your palms and count to three: one, two, three and find yourself... where? (a picture of a forest appears on the screen and live music sounds - sounds of the forest). Where do you think we ended up? (SLIDE 1)(In the forest).

Educator : You and I live in apartments and houses. And for whom, guys, is the forest a home? (For wild animals, because they take care of themselves, get food, build homes).

Educator : Well done, guys. Do you remember how to behave in the forest? Let's all remember together. (Children list the rules: you can’t make noise, you can’t play loud music, you can’t make a fire, you can’t leave trash behind, you can’t touch bird eggs, you can’t break tree branches).

Educator: Let's walk along the forest path. While we're walking, let's remember who lives in the forest.

2.Dynamic exercise: “How animals move”

It's beautiful in elk (walking, raising your knees high,

• elk in a dense forest. crossing your arms above your head)

Shy like a mouse (running on toes)

A mouse is scurrying into the house.

And like a rabbit (jumping on 2 legs)

Everything is in a hurry to confuse the trail.

A bear walks on a bear path (walking on the inside

• since childhood. side of the foot)

Educator: And now, guys, let's sit quietly in a forest clearing and see which of the animals appears to us.

3. “Describe the animal”

The following appears on the screen: (SLIDE 2) -wolf. (SLIDE 3) – bear, (SLIDE 4)– hedgehog, (SLIDE 5)- hare. Children describe animals based on an algorithm diagram. (Appearance, habitat, what it eats, housing, distinctive features). During the description process, children complement each other's answers.

Educator: Well done guys, you know a lot about animals. Smart girls! And now I invite you to play with a ball in our clearing. I will name the animals for you, while throwing the ball, and you will tell me their signs.

4. Game "Associations"

Signs:

The fox (what?) is cunning, red...

Wolf (what?) angry, gray, predatory...

The hedgehog is (what?) prickly, omnivorous... etc.

Actions:

The fox (what is it doing?) - hunts, mouses...

Squirrel (what is it doing?) - preparing supplies, jumping...

The boar (what is it doing?) - wanders, looks for acorns... etc.

V-l: What great fellows you all are! I enjoyed playing with you. What about you?

(children's answers). Then let's play some more.

5. Game “Correct the mistakes”:

The wolf hibernates in winter.

Hares live in trees.

The bear has hooves on its feet.

- The hedgehog is an omnivore.

The fox can jump through trees.

The squirrel is a predatory animal.

Children correct mistakes and explain the correct answer.

6 . Quiz “Question and answer”

- Who has the most long ears? (at the hare).

- Who is called the owner of the forest? (bear).

Who's stocking up for the winter? (squirrel).

Who gives birth to babies in winter? (at the bear).

Who can curl up into a ball? (hedgehog).

Who is the forest health officer? (wolf).

Who knows how to confuse their tracks? (hare).

Who goes into hibernation? (bear, hedgehog).

For whom are acorns a favorite delicacy? (for wild boar).

Educator : How quickly and correctly you answered everything to me. Well done! But now I offer you a more difficult task. You need to listen to me carefully and if I say incorrectly, you will correct me. Are you ready?

7. Didactic game"Who's the odd one out?"

Fox, hare, wolf, lynx.

Boar, badger, elephant, bear.

Elk, hedgehog, roe deer, deer.

Little hare, little squirrel, little wolf, fox.

Educator: Guys, you did a great job with all the tasks, you were attentive and active. Well done! Now it’s time for us to go back so as not to disturb the animals.

We close our eyes and count: one, two, three - here we are in the group, look! (CLOSE SLIDES).

Educator : Our wonderful journey is over, but a little surprise awaits you on the tables. Let's come and take a look. Who do you see here? (coloring pages with wild animals). Would you like, in memory of our wonderful journey, to color these animals and show the work to your parents at our exhibition? You can color as you wish: with a hard brush or a stick with foam rubber at the end, or you can use pastel crayons. You can draw eyes and noses using cotton swabs. Get to work. (I turn on music with forest sounds).

Reflection: Well done guys, you worked very well today. Did you enjoy our trip? What do you remember most?

Literature used:

Solomennikova O.A. Introduction to nature in kindergarten. – M.: Mosaic – Synthesis, 2016

Lisina T.V., Morozova G.V. Outdoor and themed games for preschoolers. – M.: Sfera shopping center, 2016

Aksyonova Z.F. Enter nature as a friend. Environmental education of preschool children. – M.: TC Sfera, 2011.

Nikolaeva S.N. Environmental education of younger preschoolers. A book for kindergarten teachers. – M.: Mosaic – Synthesis, 2004.

“Big Encyclopedia of Animals” - M.: “OLMA – PRESS”, 2000

N.I.Sladkov ABC of the forest: Stories, fairy tales, miniatures. – S.: Rusich, 2002

Educational magazines from the series “In the Animal World”

Articles from magazines:

Kuznetsova L.V. Interaction between kindergarten and family in environmental education children // Preschool pedagogy. – 2009. - No. 6. - p.54-57.

Voronkevich O.A. "Welcome to ecology" - modern technology environmental education of preschool children // Preschool pedagogy. -2006. - No. 3. - pp. 23-27.

Charity wall newspaper for schoolchildren, parents and teachers “Briefly and clearly about the most interesting things.” Issue 105, March 2017. The most common animals, birds, reptiles and amphibians living in the Leningrad region.

Wall newspapers of the charitable educational project “Briefly and clearly about the most interesting things” (site site) are intended for schoolchildren, parents and teachers of St. Petersburg. They ship free to most educational institutions, as well as to a number of hospitals, orphanages and other institutions in the city. The project's publications do not contain any advertising (only founders' logos), are politically and religiously neutral, written in easy language, and well illustrated. They are intended as informational “inhibition” of students, awakening cognitive activity and the desire to read. Authors and publishers, without pretending to provide academic completeness of the material, publish interesting facts, illustrations, interviews with famous figures science and culture and thereby hope to increase schoolchildren’s interest in educational process. Please send your comments and suggestions to: pangea@mail.. We thank the education department of the Kirovsky district administration of St. Petersburg for their support at the start of the project and everyone who selflessly helps in distributing wall newspapers. Special thanks to the publishing house Amphora for the book “Animals of Our Country” (2010), the material of which is the basis for this issue.

© N. N. Charushina-Kapustina, illustrations, 2017.

© V. M. Brave, text, 2017.

Dear friends! Our series “Nature of the Native Land” continues with an issue that combines the work of two remarkable masters of their craft. “I was born in a surprisingly bright and friendly family, and my childhood was the same - surprisingly bright and joyful... It smelled of rotten leaves, warmed by the sun, frogs began to purr, flocks of geese flew, ducks whistled with their wings - everything was filled with life, came to life before our eyes. Since then, real spring begins for me with the first song of the blackbird. I feel the delight of a child who New Year's Eve I found a gift under the tree when at the end of March, from somewhere far away, at sunset, a blackbird quietly begins to sing! And there is no happier and richer person than me at this moment!” This is how N. N. Charushina-Kapustina, successor to the dynasty of wonderful artists Charushins, talks about her childhood. Natalya Nikitichna kindly agreed to provide her drawings for our wall newspaper. And the text that was written by a St. Petersburg ornithologist, Ph.D. biological sciences, senior researcher at the Zoological Institute Russian Academy Sciences Vladimir Mikhailovich Brave, makes this issue not only visual and interesting, but also scientifically reliable. In the “Nature of the Native Land” series, read our following issues on the website: “Wildlife of St. Petersburg parks” (No. 43), “Beasts of our forests” (No. 56), “Rare birds Leningrad region"(No. 59), "Butterflies of the Leningrad Region" (No. 92), "Fishes of the Leningrad Region" (No. 94), " Protected areas Petersburg" (No. 95), "Protected territories of the Leningrad region" (No. 97) and a number of others.

Thank you for being with us!

White hare

Who doesn't know the hare? The ears are long, the tail is short and stubby. In summer, the white hare is slate or reddish-gray, in winter it is white. It lives in floodplain meadows and sparse deciduous forests. The hare has a lot of enemies, he is afraid of everyone. During the day he sleeps, hiding under a bush or in the grass. In winter it digs holes in the snow. At night the hare comes out to feed. It eats grass, branches, gnaws bark from trees, for which gardeners do not favor it. Hares are fertile. The first litter - baby bunnies - appears when the snow has not yet melted. The second - in the middle of summer, and the third, deciduous - in the fall. In spring, males often fight - they stand on their hind legs and “box” with their front legs. Hares rarely give voice; they only scream loudly and pitifully when they are frightened.

Squirrel

The squirrel is a forest dweller, but is also found in city parks. A cute animal with a fluffy tail, very trusting, deftly jumps from branch to branch, moves freely up and down the tree trunk, and quickly runs along the ground. During the day, the squirrel feeds by collecting berries, mushrooms, and tree fruits. It can destroy bird nests by eating eggs and chicks. The squirrel makes provisions for the winter, hiding in hollows and burying acorns, cones, nuts between the roots, hanging mushrooms on the branches, but often forgets about its pantries and uses the supplies of mice and chipmunks. At night it sleeps on a tree in a haina - a spherical nest of twigs, bast and moss, lined with wool and feathers on the inside. A frightened squirrel makes a loud noise.

Hedgehog

In deciduous forests, in clearings and forest edges, you can find a hedgehog. His entire body, except for his soft fluffy belly and elongated shaggy muzzle with shiny beady eyes and a black, always wet nose, is covered with needles. Usually the hedgehog spends the whole day in a nest, which it builds from leaves and branches somewhere under the roots of a tree. In the evening, the hedgehog wakes up and wanders through the forest at night, feeding on insects, frogs, snails and mice. Contrary to popular belief, the hedgehog does not prick food on its needles, but sometimes carries dry leaves pinned on its needles to the nest. Having eaten enough over the summer, the hedgehog sleeps in its nest all winter. In the spring, male hedgehogs sing, their song is a monotonous panting.

Fox

A fox can be seen in a field, in a forest, in a meadow, on the shore of a pond. You can't confuse her with anyone. The red fox fur coat and long fluffy tail with a white tip are painfully noticeable. Winter fur is thicker and longer than summer fur. The fox is a very smart animal. In winter, she digs out mice running under the snow by hearing them - she mouses. In summer it catches frogs, small birds and animals. When preparing to hatch their cubs, foxes dig cunning, long holes with several exits. And sometimes they settle in those dug up by a badger or other animal. Foxes are caring parents. The male takes care of the female and her cubs. The fox's voice is clear and she barks.

Gray wolf

This large animal looks like a dog, whose ancestor he is. Only the wolf’s muzzle is wider, its forehead is more convex and its tail (hunters call it a “log”) is usually lowered. Timber wolves have gray fur, tundra wolves have almost white fur, and steppe wolves have reddish fur. The wolf avoids dense forests. They make dens only for breeding offspring, in thickets of bushes or crevices. The main prey of wolves in the forests are elk, roe deer, deer, and wild boars. But he doesn’t disdain gray predator and small prey: hares, birds, bird eggs. Wolves are very smart, deftly avoid danger, and are skilled in hunting, which they conduct in packs. They are silent animals, but in autumn and winter wolves often howl.

Lynx

This one is big forest cat on high legs, with long tufts on the ears, a very cautious animal. She lives in dense forests, away from human habitation. The lynx is an excellent hunter, guarding its prey for a long time in ambush. During the day, she usually lies down in her lair under the upturned roots of a tree, in a hole or crevice, and at dusk she looks for prey. The lynx feeds on small animals and birds, but can attack large birds and deer fawns. The lynx is silent, but in the spring it purrs and screams loudly and sharply. In the silence of the night, these sounds produce an eerie impression on a person.

Elk

One of the largest animals in our forests is elk. It is easily recognized by its long powerful legs, hook-nosed muzzle and high, hump-shaped withers. Adult males grow large, spade-like horns. Late autumn The moose sheds its antlers and walks without them until spring. In the summer, when moose are plagued by heat and midges, they rest during the day and go out to graze at night. In winter, on the contrary, they feed during the day and sleep in the snow at night. The moose feeds on branches of trees and bushes. His voice can be heard at the end of summer in the mornings and evenings. At this time, the males moan - muffled and moaning protractedly.

Boar

If you come across dug up soil in a forest or field, you know: a herd of wild boar was grazing here. The wild boar (boar) differs from its descendant, the domestic pig, by its laterally flattened body, thick and long grey-black-brown bristles and black patch. Old boars grow large tusks that protrude from under their snouts. The little piglets of wild boars are striped. Boars live large families. They spend the day lying down, and when evening comes, they wander through the forests and fields in search of food, dig the ground and eat roots, seeds and fruits of plants, larvae and bugs. They swim in deep puddles or holes filled with water and mud. Wild boars, like domestic pigs, grunt. An angry boar is very dangerous.

Brown bear

In appearance, the bear is clumsy - large, heavy, clubfooted. In fact, it is a very agile and formidable forest animal that runs quickly, swims beautifully and climbs trees. One blow mighty bear paw capable of breaking the back of a bison. Although the bear is a predator, for the most part it feeds on herbs, berries, fruits, grains and plant roots. In winter, the clubfoot sleeps in a den, under the protection of a windbreak or uprooted tree roots. Sometimes, not having had time to fatten up during the fall, he wakes up and wanders around in search of food - he becomes a connecting rod. In February, cubs are born in bear dens. The bear is silent, but sometimes it growls so loudly that your soul sinks into your heels.

Pine marten

Jumping from branch to branch, a long-tailed brown animal with a large yellow spot on the throat - pine marten, or zheltodushka. Its long, bushy tail helps it maintain balance when climbing and jumping. The marten feels equally at home in trees and on the ground. During the day, she rests in hollows, abandoned nests of squirrels or birds of prey, and at dusk she goes out hunting. It feeds mainly on squirrels and forest birds, which it kills with a bite to the back of the head. Some martens search for the nests of wild bees and eat honey. In late summer and autumn they store food for the winter. A frightened marten makes an unpleasant, creaking hiss.

Otter

On rivers and lakes rich in fish, the otter is found - a long, short-legged animal with a thick, naked and muscular tail. Its streamlined body is perfectly suited for swimming. The paws have special swimming membranes. The fur does not get wet in water. Seeing an otter is not easy. She is very cautious and hunts at night. It feeds on fish, sometimes eating frogs, rodents, and birds. Lives in burrows among coastal thickets. On land it looks clumsy, but in water it moves quickly, overtaking even the fastest fish. The otter is a very active animal that spends a lot of time playing. When playing, the animals emit long, unpleasant-to-hear trills.

Beaver

A small stream in the forest that suddenly turned into big lake, is the work of beavers. Beavers are natural dam builders. This is how they regulate the water level in their habitats. After all, the beaver is a semi-aquatic animal. Its flat, bare tail, covered with horny scutes, resembles an oar. Beavers feed on bark and thin branches of trees and shrubs. They live big family in coastal burrows or huts, which are built on a dam or on the shore from brushwood coated with clay. In the fall, beavers store a lot of branches underwater - enough to last throughout the winter. They feed and work mainly at night. In case of danger, they dive, giving an alarm signal - loudly slapping their tail on the water.

Badger

Few people see the badger. And all because he leads a nocturnal lifestyle. The badger digs deep branched burrows on the slopes of sandy hills, forest ravines and ravines. Sometimes these are entire settlements. This is where the badger spends most of the daylight hours. And as soon as it gets dark, he goes out hunting, wanders around his hole, looking for insects, mice, frogs, fruits and plant roots - fattening up fat, which has very valuable properties. In the north, the badger hibernates in the fall until spring. In the spring, badgers give birth to cubs. At night in the forest you can sometimes hear a loud and ringing cry of a badger, similar to the cry of a goose.

Viper

Having gone into the forest to pick mushrooms and berries, you can meet a viper at the edge of the forest, clearing, overgrown burnt area or swamp, poisonous snake, whose bite is painful and very dangerous. Vipers love to bask in the sun, settling on paths, stumps, hummocks and stones. Sometimes they even crawl into the garden and meadow. When meeting a person, the viper usually tries to hide. But if he sees him as a threat, he hisses and makes throws. Therefore, it is better not to make sudden movements when meeting her. At night, vipers hunt mice, frogs and insects. The viper is a viviparous snake: the eggs develop and the young hatch in the womb. Two or three times a year, vipers molt, shedding their old skin. In the fall, they hide in holes and crevices, preparing to hibernate.

Already

Already is a harmless creature. He is easily tamed. It is distinguished from other snakes by two large, clearly visible light spots on the sides of the head (“ears”). He lives near the water - he loves to swim and often swims. It feeds mainly on frogs and rodents. In the summer, the grass snake lays several dozen eggs, covered not with a shell, but with a soft leathery shell, in a pile of rotten leaves, a cushion of moss or a rotten stump. After about two months, small snakes hatch from the eggs. First of all, they must find a place for wintering: on the calendar it is already the end of summer or the beginning of autumn. Snakes hibernate in large groups deep under tree roots or under rock piles.

Brittle spindle

In the summer, at the edge of the forest, a nimble creature will sometimes flash among the fallen leaves. Body like a snake, blunt tail. This is a legless lizard - a spindle. It can be easily distinguished from a snake by its moving eyelids. Because of its yellowish color it is also called copperhead. In winter, she sleeps in a deep hole or under the roots of a stump. And at the beginning of summer this legless lizard cubs appear. It was called spindly because its body shape resembles a spindle, and brittle because of the ability to shed its tail, which is characteristic of many lizards. They grabbed her by the tail, and she did it! – she broke it off and threw it away. The main thing is to get away from danger, and a new tail will grow.

Lizard

These nimble creatures come across you everywhere, scurrying around on warm days in the garden, in the vegetable garden, in the forest among stones and plants. Many people are wary of lizards; some consider them harmful and even poisonous. However, lizards are not just harmless - they bring enormous benefits by eating a great variety of different garden pests. If lizards have settled in your garden or vegetable garden, do not drive them away or catch them to admire or play. Most common in the southern regions quick lizards reproduce by laying eggs in the soil. In the middle zone and to the north there is a viviparous lizard.

Triton

Newts are close relatives of frogs, but, unlike them, they have a tail. Look for newts in shallow bodies of water, in damp, shady places in secluded corners of the forest or old garden. In summer, they swim briskly in the water, periodically rising to the surface for air. On land you will very rarely see a newt - except perhaps immediately after a warm July rain on a forest path. Female newts lay eggs on the leaves of aquatic plants, from which offspring hatch after two to three weeks. Newts are beneficial amphibians. They destroy mosquito larvae, including malaria ones. Newts overwinter under a thick moss cover, in rotten stumps, root passages, rodent and mole burrows, basements and cellars.

pond frog

In a variety of water bodies, broad-leaved and mixed forests A pond frog lives. It is often called green due to its bright green coloration with a light stripe along the back and some black spots. The pond frog is thermophilic. And her winter hibernation is long, and in the spring she revives only after truly warm days. At the end of May, the female pond frog lays two to three thousand eggs, from which tadpoles emerge - future frogs. The pond frog feeds on beetles, mosquitoes, ants and other small crawling and flying insects.

grass frog

In the forest and fields, in bush thickets and damp meadows, in swamps, along the banks of rivers and lakes, even in populated areas there is a grass frog. Above it is olive or reddish brown, with dark spots on the back and sides. In spring, males have a blue throat and are lighter in color than females. Waking up after hibernation, frogs gather in large numbers in puddles, ditches, forest ponds, and oxbow lakes, where females lay eggs. The twilight is announced by frog choirs - loud croaking. The female grass frog lays more than a thousand eggs, from which tadpoles hatch. The grass frog feeds on beetles, caterpillars, mollusks, earthworms and spiders.

Toad

The gray toad, large, slow-moving, lives in forests and groves, parks and gardens, and vegetable gardens. Toads' skin is dry, pimply, and may be covered in acrid secretions. Therefore, after touching the toad, it is better to wash your hands so that these caustic substances do not get into your mouth or eyes. But the idea that warts appear from this is complete nonsense. Caustic mucus is the only protection of these very useful animals that rid gardens and vegetable gardens of pests. Adult toads feed on a variety of invertebrate animals, often exterminating those that birds do not eat.

Bullfinch

In winter, everything around is painted in strict white and black tones. But then bright, elegant red-breasted birds flew to a bare lilac or hawthorn bush. These are male bullfinch – the female’s plumage is not so bright, her breast is greenish-gray. All summer the bullfinches lived in the forests where they raised their chicks. In the fall, they gathered in small flocks and went in search of rowan and other berries, closer to human habitations. So all winter they wander through parks, squares, gardens and vegetable gardens, looking for food.

Remez

In the thickets of bushes, along the banks of rivers, lakes, ponds and other bodies of water, a small, inconspicuous titmouse scurries about. Looking for food, it nimbly climbs branches, hanging upside down or with its back. And very often makes a thin whistle tsii-tsii, which can be heard far away. From plant fluff, animal hair and bird feathers, the remez weaves an unusual mitten nest, studded on the outside with birch bark, bud scales and flower catkins of willow and poplar. The nest is usually attached to the end of a willow, birch or reed branch drooping above the water. Remez, the only one of our tits, flies to warm regions, far from the places where the chicks were hatched.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker

On a frosty winter day, fluffed up, raising the red feathers on its head like a brush, a small spotted woodpecker crawls through the trees, a pockmarked ball, animatedly tapping with its beak the cracks and crevices in the bark: are insects that it finds tasty hidden there? Usually he silently jumps along the trunks, but in the spring he often announces himself loudly cue-cue-cue. This bird prefers to stay mixed and deciduous forest, floodplains, found in gardens and parks. The nest is made in a hollow, which is hollowed out in dry and rotten trees. In the summer, noisy chicks appear in the nest, demanding to be fed quickly.

Starling

In our country, the starling is the harbinger of spring. As soon as the first thawed patches appear, birds fly to their native places and immediately announce their arrival with a song: chirping, gurgling, clicking, whistling, sounds overheard from other birds and animals. The starling is a forest bird, but it willingly settles next to humans, in villages and even big cities, in birdhouses hung on the balconies of high-rise buildings. Everyone recognizes the starling: the plumage is black, the beak is long and yellow. In search of food, birds quickly walk along the ground and pierce the soil with their beaks everywhere, fly straight and fast. After leaving the nest, young starlings gather in large flocks and feed in fields, meadows and river floodplains.

Nightjar

Spring and summer evening in the sparse old forest a long, monotonous dry trill echoes: tr-werr-werr-werr-werr. This rattling sound, heard far away in the twilight, is the song of a nightjar, which sat on the branch of a dry tree. Having finished the song, he takes off, flaps his wings widely and jumps accurately, shuddering in the air. Seeing a silent nightjar is not easy. Clinging to the trunk, completely motionless, it sits, merging with the bark thanks to its speckled color. The bird owes its strange name to an old German belief that attributed to it the ability to milk goats. After all, nightjars always circle around grazing livestock, sitting at the feet of cows, goats or sheep. Only they are attracted not by milk, but by insects that gather near animals and their droppings.

Great tit

In the January cold, as soon as the sun appears, the great tit begins to sing, constantly catching your eye in parks, gardens and along the outskirts of forests, very active and noticeable: the abdomen is bright yellow, divided black stripe, white cheeks. Flying from branch to branch, it makes a ringing sound ping-ping-charzhzhzh, zirrererererere, qi-qi-qi. Her loud song consists of repeated syllables: pintyu-pintyu, tsintsitya-tsintitsya, ding-tu-ding-tu. The great tit makes its nest in hollows and crevices on the trunk, various artificial nests, and under the roofs of houses. In parks, great tits are often driven out of their nesting areas by sparrows. In winter, tits flock to feeders, which help the birds survive the winter lack of food.

Owl

A short-eared owl soars silently over damp forest clearings, swamps and fields. She hunts more during the day than at night. Its flight is light and smooth, with rare, deep flapping of its wings. She circles above the ground for hours, looking for mice. It sees prey, stops in the air, frequently flapping its wings, and falls steeply down, grabbing the prey. The short-eared owl is a migratory bird. She spends the winter in the south of our country. In the spring, arriving at nesting sites, short-eared owls arrange air games– fly after each other, often making a dull, repetitive sound boo-boo-boo. Unlike other owls, which do without nests, the short-eared owl makes its nest on the ground, in the middle of dense bushes or thickets of grass.

Golden eagle

Berkut is the largest bird of prey our country. Its wingspan exceeds two meters. The golden eagle is called the golden eagle for the golden feathers on the back of the adult bird's head. This is a real bird king. His vision is very acute. The golden eagle can see a hare at a distance of up to four kilometers. He is the swiftest of the eagles. Pursuing prey, it covers more than a hundred kilometers per hour. The golden eagle makes its nest high in a tree or on a rock. Usually it serves a pair of birds for many years, which corrects and builds on it, so that over time it reaches two to three meters in diameter. Often sparrows build nests between its branches, which golden eagles do not notice. The golden eagle is silent. Only sometimes can you hear it quietly kyev-kyev-kyev, reminiscent of the barking of a small dog.

Pied Flycatcher

On bright forest edges and in parks, an active bird with a contrasting black and white coloring sings. This is a male pied flycatcher. The female is gray and inconspicuous. The singing male is usually visible: he prefers to sit on a separate branch or on the roof artificial nesting site. When singing, it often lowers its wings and spreads its tail, quickly shaking its wings. As if it were trying to take off, it spreads its wings and immediately folds them again. He lets out a loud short trill: qi-kru, qi-kru-qi, qi-kru-tsi or three-twist-twist-three. And at the nest in front of the female she often chirps quietly qu-qu-tsifiruflit or pil-pil-filili-lililily.

Cuckoo

Who hasn’t heard the sonorous sound repeated over and over again in the forest? peek-a-boo? This makes itself known to the male cuckoo. Cuckooing sounds day and night, especially in the morning and evening dawn. Usually the male crows while sitting on a branch in the upper part of the crown. While singing, it lowers its wings, raises and spreads its tail. The cuckoo does not build nests. The female throws her egg into the nest of some small bird (robins, warblers, warblers). The cuckoo chick is usually the first to hatch and strives to throw away everything it finds nearby, getting rid of other chicks. His appetite is excellent: from dawn to dusk, small birds carry food to a foundling that is huge in comparison with them. When feeding a grown cuckoo, they have to stick their head deep into its open mouth.

Crow

The raven is a large bird with a large and strong beak, which helps protect itself from enemies and obtain food. It is easier to hear a raven than to see it - to catch the whistling of the wings of mighty birds, their roll call in flight - a dull cro-cro or sharp crook-crook. Sharp-sighted crows fly over forests and fields, looking out for prey. They feed mainly on carrion. If a wounded animal leaves the hunters and dies in the forest, the crows immediately flock to the feast. Relatives rush to the cry of those who have found prey, and a whole flock gathers. And suddenly everyone took off into the air at once, circled and settled in the trees. It was someone stronger who came ready - wolves, or even the owner of the forests himself, the bear. Now sit and wait for the animals to be satisfied.

Spruce crossbill

In February, when the forests are covered in snow and frost crackles, a beautiful bird with red plumage, the spruce crossbill, begins building a nest. He builds his nest - quite large and well insulated - on high and dense coniferous trees, often on spruce trees. The beak of the crossbill is thick, with intersecting ends - this makes it easier to get seeds from spruce cones, which serve as the crossbills' main food. The crossbill moves slowly along the branches, sometimes with the help of its beak. Usually sings on the tops of trees. The singing crossbill often performs “dances” and can fly around a tree singing. His voice is clear. During the flight, a long sound sounds almost continuously. tiktiktiktiktiktik or voiced clack clack clack.

Goldfinch

The most beautiful bird of bright forests and gardens is the goldfinch. He flutters among the branches like a bright butterfly. Not only is he handsome, he is also very mobile, even fidgety, a master of hanging in various possible and impossible positions on the thinnest branches or even on burdock cones, often quarreling with his fellows in his own goldfinch language: rerererere. Sitting on the top of a tree, the goldfinch carries himself like a dandy, smart, proud of his beauty, and sings a loud and beautiful song: puy-puy, sti-glick, pickel-nick.

Magpie

Magpies don't like thickets. In spring it stays at the edge of the forest, in the bushes. In autumn it moves to villages, closer to people. Its long stepped bluish-green tail is especially noticeable. The plumage of the lower leg and undertail are black, and the lower part of the chest, abdomen and stripes on the shoulders are white, for which it is nicknamed white-sided. But what attracts the magpie’s attention more than the colorful outfit is the bustle and chattering. The magpie builds its large spherical nest deep in a bush or tree. Usually noisy, stays quiet near the nest. This omnivorous bird attacks small songbirds and pecks eggs and chicks in their nests. If a thief magpie gets into the habit of flying into the yard, it will not only steal eggs from the chicken coop, but maybe also kill the chickens.

Chiffchaff

In early spring, when the buds on the trees are just beginning to swell, a melodic whistle is heard at the top of the crown: shadow-tian-ting-tun-shadow as if drops are splashing into water. This is sung by one of our smallest birds - the chiffchaff, or, as it is popularly called, the grasshopper. She is small, but her voice is loud and can be heard from afar. All day long she swarms in the tops of tall trees, pecking small insects. And with the onset of summer, it arranges a nest-hut with a side entrance on the ground, under a bush or in a hummock.

song thrush

Louder and more intricate than anyone else in spring forest the song thrush begins to sing. Despite the fact that the outfit is modest: the entire plumage is brownish-olive, only on the belly it is whitish with an ocher tint. The blackbird is noticeable with its singing. Throughout the spring and half of the summer it sings for days, especially in the morning and evening, falling silent only in complete darkness. His song is melodic, with slowly and clearly written whistled phrases with obligatory double repetition: Philip-Philip, come, come, tea-tea, Vitya-Vitya.

Grouse

Beautiful grouse. Few people compare with it in our forests: the plumage is black with a blue tint, the eyebrows are bright red, the tail is like a lyre - the outer feathers are strongly curved to the sides (that’s why it is called a braid), the undertail is bright white, and there are white mirrors on the wings. And yet in the spring they search for black grouse by their voice. As soon as the weather gets warmer and the days lengthen, the males gather in a clearing or moss swamp, where the snow melts earlier. Here they sing and tok. They make something like a gurgling or muttering, walk, even run after each other, spreading their tail, inflating and lowering their neck, spreading their wings to the ground. The muttering is interrupted by a loud croak and hissing chuffyshh. At the current, black grouse often jump and flap their wings, and sometimes fight like domestic roosters.

Robin

In spring in thick mixed and coniferous forests With migratory birds A robin appears - a small, very trusting bird with a crimson breast and large, slightly sad, beady eyes. You will recognize it not only by its colored breast, but also by its characteristic crackling sound. tick-tick-tick and a thin whistle sip or tsii. Its melodic, chirping and murmuring trills begin with drawn-out sounds and sometimes last for quite a long time, but are more often interrupted by short pauses. In spring, the robin sings all day until dark. She often visits summer cottages. In the spring he loves to jump around the beds and collect small insects and worms, and in the fall he enjoys eating garden berries.

Shrike

Have you ever, on the outskirts of a garden or forest edge, where there are a lot of bushes, come across a dry bush, the sharp branches of which are strewn with beetles, grasshoppers and even frogs and lizards? It was a small feathered robber, the shrike, collecting food in reserve. His head is large, his beak is hooked, his tail is long, his flight is wavy, and he is also constantly dissatisfied with something and shouts sharply: check-check. The shrike likes to sit on top of a bush from where it watches the surrounding area. His vision is sharp and his hearing is subtle. As soon as someone moves in the grass, the shrike breaks from the branch, and after a few moments the prey is in its beak.

Barn Swallow

Anyone who has been to the village knows the barn swallow - the killer whale. Its tail is fork-shaped, the outer feathers are much longer than the middle ones. This is especially noticeable when it flies high or flies low above the ground, spreading its tail like a fan. The song of a killer whale is a cheerful twitter, ending with the crackling trill of cerrr. The killer whale makes a nest - a bowl fashioned from lumps of clay glued together with swallow saliva - under the roof of some building. The inside is lined with feathers and hair. Feeding barn swallow flying insects, and therefore in cold damp weather, when there are few of them in the air, the swallow flies low, collecting insects from the grass and even from the ground. On warm days, killer whales hunt quite high, where rising air currents carry their prey.

Thank you, friends, for your attention to our publication. We would be very grateful for your feedback. In our next issues: “Traces of animals and birds”, “Curious Petersburg, part 8: Nevsky district” and others. We remind you that our partners in their organizations distribute our wall newspapers for free.