Extracurricular event "ecology of the native land." Research work: “Ecology of the native village” Relevance of the research work

Olga Evdokimova

ECOLOGY PROJECT

"We and to our grandchildren 2015» .

MBDOU kindergarten No. 47

Vladikavkaz

Senior group.

Teacher of the first qualification category

Evdokimova Olga Borisovna.

Type project: informational and creative.

Participants project: children of the older group, teacher, parents.

Implementation period: short term.

Relevance project: Subject project« Ecology native land » .

In modern conditions the problem environmental education of preschool children acquires particular urgency and relevance. It is during the period of preschool childhood that the formation of the human personality occurs, the formation of the beginnings ecological culture. Therefore, it is very important to awaken children’s interest in living nature, cultivate a love for it, and teach them to take care of the world around them.

Target: Introduce children to nature native land. Formation of cognitive interest in nature in children native land, prerequisites ecological consciousness, organizations creative activity. The belief that the beauty of nature is priceless, therefore it must be protected.

Tasks:

Systematize knowledge about the world around us.

Shape elementary representations about relationships in nature.

Cultivate a love for nature native land, perception of its beauty and diversity.

Develop children's search and research activities.

Expand and systematize knowledge about the flora and fauna of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Develop cognitive interest to the objects of the world around us through reading poetry about nature, through practical activities.

Develop coherent speech, enrich children's vocabulary, imaginative and variable thinking, fantasy, imagination, creative abilities.

Expected results project:

Expanding knowledge about the flora and fauna of our republic.

They will treat nature with care and master skills ecologically safe behavior in nature.

A desire to explore natural objects will be formed.

Learn to observe individual natural objects and conduct simple research inanimate nature.

Development of curiosity, creativity, cognitive activity, and communication skills in children.

An object project activities:

Developmental environment and work with pupils, as the basis for introducing pupils of senior preschool age to ecological culture of the native land.

Item project activities:

A system of work aimed at creating environmental consciousness and enrichment of knowledge of children of senior preschool age with native land, taking into account the leading principles of local history and consistency, taking into account the regional component allows us to improve environmental work in older preschool age.

Stage 1 project - preparatory.

Implementation strategy development project;

Setting goals and developing tasks;

Selection methodological material, development of lesson notes, excursions, observations;

Creating a subject-development environment (manuals, visuals, photo albums).

Block “Ossetia is the best, the best”. (Nature of North Ossetia and its uniqueness).

2. Block "Piroda Ossetia".

(knowledge about nature, relationships, diversity of flora).

3. Block "Animals of our the edges» .

(knowledge about typical representatives of our the edges, their adaptation to the environment; show food chains, adaptation to changes in environment).

4. Block "Let's protect nature".

(Problems ecology, security).

Stage 2 project - main.

Learning poems about nature native land;

Target: Active participation children in activities environmental education.

Using verbal methods.

Conversations about the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (introducing students to legends, fairy tales, stories, poems about our region).

Audio recordings about nature and wildlife - reinforcing the voices of animals and natural noises(noise of the forest, voices of birds, animals). Games “Recognize by the voice of birds”,

Upbringing environmental culture of pupils and respect for nature; compiling a fairy tale based on topic: "Forest in Trouble".

Reading fiction and educational literature - searching for new knowledge (about wild animals, wintering birds, etc.)

Using experimentation and modeling methods.

Experimenting with natural material – development of cognitive activity natural material(volcano).

Creating layouts is a productive activity, using it in experiments.

Practical methods.

"The best feeder"

, "Nature's Complaint Book"- compiling creative stories for students. Participation in community cleanups and landscaping.

Creation of herbariums - search activities, consolidation of knowledge about plants, rules of behavior with plants. Compilation herbariums: "Trees of Ossetia". "Flowers and herbs of Ossetia".

Visual methods.

Looking at illustrations, postcards, photographs - to convey to students all the beauty of our the edges. "Nature of Ossetia", "Rivers of Ossetia".

Creating zones ecological environment.

Corner of educational literature (encyclopedias, fairy tales, legends, poems).

Mini-museum "My Ossetia". Photo albums, sets of postcards, booklets.

Ecological mini-laboratory. Experiment cups, filter paper, food paint, magnifying glasses, natural material: pebbles, sand, leaves, branches, cones).

Working with parents.

Conversations between parents and children about nature native land.

Assistance in compiling herbariums.

Participation in equipping a mini-museum.

Replenishment of fiction and scientific literature.

Doing homework (writing stories, natural crafts) .

Stage 3 project - final.

Quiz « Native love and know your land!”

Exhibition of children's activity products (drawings).

Creation of a mini-museum "Gifts of Nature".

I. Block “Ossetia is the most, the most”.

1. Reveal children’s ideas about nature the edges, its uniqueness.

a) How is it unusual?

b) What do you know about Ossetia?

II. Block "Animal world".

1. Reveal children’s ideas about insects and birds.

a) What birds and insects move through the air?

b) Determine essential features birds.

c) Name the signs of insects.

d) What do birds and insects eat?

2. Identify ideas about animals in Ossetia.

a) What animals do you know?

b) What do they eat?

c) What animals go into hibernation?

d) What animals change their fur coat?

3. Identify ideas about river inhabitants.

a) Who lives in rivers?

b) Who eats fish?

c) What fish live in the rivers of Ossetia?

d) Determine the essential characteristics of fish (scales, fins, gills, eggs, body shape).

e) Can fish live without water?

III. Block "Vegetable world".

1. Identify ideas about trees.

b) Name the trees and their characteristics?

2. Reveal ideas about flowers and herbs.

a) What flowers do you know?

c) Where do flowers grow?

Literature

1. Zolotova E. I. “Introducing preschoolers to the world of animals”/Edited by N. F. Vinogradova. M.: "Education", 1988

2. Ivanova A. I. “Methodology of organization environmental observations and experiments in kindergarten." Employee benefits preschool institutions. Sphere, 2003.

3. N. A. Ryzhova, Loginova L. "Mini - Museum in kindergarten". – M: 2008

4. N. A. Ryzhova « Ecological education in kindergarten" "Karapuz" M.: 2001.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

Social project “Ecology of the native land” Completed by a student of the 6th grade of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Zaborievskaya Secondary School” Khromov Daniil Supervisor Kulikova Irina Nikolaevna

2 slide

Slide description:

The existence of civilization on our planet is inextricably linked with natural conditions. Human activities are having an increasingly significant impact on the environment, which has led to the formation and deepening of numerous environmental problems. In order to attract public attention to issues environmental development Russian Federation, conservation biological diversity and ensuring environmental safety, by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, 2017 was declared the Year of Ecology and Specially Protected natural areas Russia.

3 slide

Slide description:

What is Ecology? The term “ecology” first appeared in the scientific community in 1866. Then it was proposed to use this word to name the branch of science that studies the existence of various communities of living beings interacting with each other and with their natural environment. In 1990, at the International Congress of Ecologists, a definition was given: Ecology is a science that studies the interaction of living and inanimate nature.

4 slide

Slide description:

Environmental problems Forests enrich the atmosphere with much-needed oxygen for life and absorb carbon dioxide. They play a major role in the water cycle. Trees raise groundwater, enriching soils and keeping them from desertification and erosion - it’s not for nothing that rivers immediately become shallow when deforestation occurs. According to reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization agriculture UN, 13 million hectares of forest are lost every year, while only 6 hectares grow. Deforestation

5 slide

Slide description:

Depletion of the ozone layer Ozone is a type of oxygen that is found in the stratosphere, approximately 12-50 kilometers from the Earth. For many centuries, people did not suspect the existence of ozone, but their activities had a detrimental effect on the state of the atmosphere. At the moment, scientists are talking about such a problem as ozone holes. Depletion of oxygen modification occurs for many reasons: launching rockets and satellites into space; operation of air transport at an altitude of 12-16 kilometers; emissions of freons into the air.

6 slide

Slide description:

According to experts, 10-15 thousand species of organisms disappear every year. Depletion species composition flora and fauna significantly reduces the stability of ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole, which also poses a serious danger to humanity. The process of biodiversity reduction is characterized by an avalanche-like acceleration. As of 2000, 415 species of animals are listed in the Red Book of Russia. This list of animals has increased one and a half times in recent years and does not stop growing. Humanity, as a species with a huge population and habitat, leaves no suitable habitat for other species. Declining biodiversity

7 slide

Slide description:

Water pollution People from time immemorial have used any river as a sewer. The greatest danger to the hydrosphere arose in the 20th century with the emergence of large cities and the development of industry. Despite the treatment facilities that are able to prevent the transformation of a river or lake into a fetid slurry, they are not able to return the water to its former natural purity: the growing volumes of industrial wastewater and solid waste dissolving in the water are stronger than the most powerful treatment units. About half the population of developing countries does not have access to sources clean water, is forced to drink contaminated with pathogenic microbes and is therefore doomed to premature death from epidemic diseases.

8 slide

Slide description:

Nowadays, oil, as an energy resource, is one of the main factors in economic development. But oil production, its transportation and processing are invariably accompanied by its losses, emissions and discharges of harmful substances, the consequence of which is pollution environment. In terms of scale and toxicity, oil pollution represents a global danger. Oil and petroleum products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. Natural self-purification of natural objects from oil pollution is a long process, especially in conditions low temperatures. Enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are the largest source of environmental pollutants in industry. Oil pollution

Slide 9

Slide description:

Soil is the guardian of fertility and life on Earth. It takes 100 years for a layer 1 cm thick to form. But it can be lost in just one season of thoughtless human exploitation of the earth. One of the modern environmental problems of the planet is land degradation. This concept includes all processes that change the condition of the soil, worsen its functions, which leads to loss of fertility. There are currently several types of degradation: desertification; salinization; erosion; pollution waterlogging; depletion of land as a result of its long-term use. Land degradation

10 slide

Slide description:

Currently, the problem of waste, due to its scale, is especially relevant. When producing a product, we should take into account not only its consumer benefits, but also its impact on the environment during production and disposal. Today, humanity has accumulated so much waste that it is seriously faced with the problem of its disposal. Waste refers to substances or waste that have lost their consumer properties and cannot be used. A classification of waste has been developed for safe waste management. Most substances can be used, the limitation of unsuitability is economic feasibility and the lack of advanced technologies. The garbage that we throw away can be a valuable raw material if we understand how to recycle this raw material cheaply. Waste

11 slide

Slide description:

The earth cannot support a huge number of people. According to scientists, 500 thousand is the maximum permissible number of people for our Planet. Today, this limit figure has been exceeded 12 times, and according to scientists’ forecasts, by 2100 it may almost double. But an increase in the number of people also means an increase in the use of natural resources, an increase in areas for agricultural and industrial needs, an increase in the amount of harmful emissions, an increase in the amount of household waste and areas for their storage, an increase in the intensity of human expansion into nature and an increase in the intensity of the destruction of natural biodiversity. Humanity today simply must restrain its growth rate, rethink its role in the ecological system of the Planet, and take up the construction of human civilization on the basis of a harmless and meaningful existence, and not on the basis of animal instincts of absorption. Overpopulation

12 slide

Slide description:

Slide 13

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the Ryazan region. The Ryazan region is located in the center of the Western European Plain, on the ancient Russian platform, and has a flat terrain. In the north there is the Meshcherskaya Lowland, in the west there are spurs of the Central Russian Upland (height up to 236 m). Its territory is well watered and populated. The Oka River divides it into two parts: northern – forest and southern, including zones deciduous forests forest-steppe.

Slide 14

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the Ryazan region. The region is an old industrial region with a diversified complex. In the sectoral structure of industrial production, a large share falls on mechanical engineering and metalworking; significant shares are accounted for by oil refining, electric power, manufacturing building materials and food industry. The most important industries are oil refining and electric power. The production of building materials has been developed (Mikhailovsky cement plant of the Eurocement group, Skopinsky glass plant), leather production and processing (JSC Safyan), non-ferrous metallurgy (Kasimov, Ryazan and Skopin) and powder metallurgy, and the production of chemical fibers. Developed industry creates environmental hazard in area.

15 slide

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the Ryazan region. Let's consider the most pressing environmental problems of the Ryazan region. Pollution atmospheric air. Emissions from industrial enterprises, vehicle exhausts, and fumes from forest and peat fires pollute the atmosphere in the summer. The ecology of the region suffers from forest fires, caused by rich peat deposits in the region. About 14% of the territory of the Ryazan region was damaged due to an accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This part of the region has an increased radioactive background. The region has rich reserves drinking water, but, unfortunately, the water in them is of low drinking quality. Due to unauthorized cutting down of water-protective forests, the water level in the Oka River has dropped significantly. For this reason, some sections of the river became impossible to use for the passage of ships. Waste disposal problem. There is a system of specially protected areas in the region. Which includes: Oksky Nature Reserve, Meshchersky Park, Ryazansky Nature Reserve and others natural objects.

16 slide

Slide description:

At first glance, this is a quiet and unwise land under a dim sky. But the more you get to know it, the more, almost to the point of pain in your heart, you begin to love this ordinary land. And if I have to defend my country, then somewhere in the depths of my heart I will know that I am also defending this piece of land, which taught me to see and understand beauty, no matter how inconspicuous in appearance it may be - this thoughtful forest land, the love for which will not be forgotten, just as first love is never forgotten Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892-1968) Meshchera region

Slide 17

Slide description:

Paustovsky Trail In November 2016, students from our school took part in the start of the district social project“The Path of K.G. Paustovsky”, aimed at introducing young people to the literary and artistic heritage of the Ryazan region.

18 slide

Slide description:

Environmental problems of our native land We were lucky to be born and live in this land of forest lakes and swamps, quiet and leisurely rivers, endless forests with their mushrooms and berries.

Slide 19

Slide description:

Environmental problems of our native land Unfortunately, our amazing land environmental problems have not escaped. A large amount of household waste today is transported to unorganized landfills and forests. This stems from the basic lack of the required number of approved places for waste disposal and the low level of coverage of the population by organized waste collection systems. In recent years, the number of identified unorganized waste dumps has increased.

20 slide

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the native land Picturesque corners of nature have become a favorite vacation spot. The problem of forest conservation is especially acute in places of mass suburban recreation (lakes near the village of Laskovo). Changes natural complexes arise from trampling of undergrowth, soil compaction and destruction of beautiful flowering and medicinal plants, pollution of forest lands, which is also a fairly common problem in the Ryazan region.

21 slides

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the native land The fires of the summer of 2010 caused enormous damage to the ecology of the Ryazan region. Was Now

22 slide

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the native land In a terrible environmental disaster Not only forests were damaged, several villages of the Ryazan region burned down, namely the village of Peredeltsy, Laskovsky village, as well as a small part of the village of Kriusha.

Slide 23

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the native land. Negative consequences the fires are huge. It destroys trees, grass, animals and birds. A forest damaged by fire loses water protection, field protection and other functions. It arises favorable conditions For mass reproduction harmful insects and the spread of fungal diseases. In forest burnt areas, a different type of vegetation is formed, which leads to a change in the animal population. Big losses carried by hunting and commercial fauna, forest by-products (mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants) perish.

24 slide

Slide description:

Environmental problems of the native land. First of all, we need to start fighting not the consequences, but the causes of the environmental problem. To do this, we need to pay more attention to environmental education, especially among teenagers. Our school students actively participate in various environmental actions, organized by the Ryazan region. So, during a fire-hazardous period, a volunteer detachment participates in patrolling recreation areas on the territory of lakes Urzhinskoye, Segdenskoye and Laskovskoye. During their work, volunteers distribute leaflets and conduct conversations with vacationers on the topic of observing safety rules in forests.

FIRST STEPS INTO SCIENCE

ECOLOGY OF HOMETOWN

Section "ECOLOGY"

ZhitkevichLolita Viktorovna

9-A class

Supervisor

Municipal institution "Secondary school No. 15"

Alchevsk, Lugansk region. Ukraine

A full-fledged life of society is impossible without taking into account the environmental component in any field of activity. Every person, regardless of his age and position in society, is aware of his dependence on a healthy and safe environment. I live in the city of Alchevsk, for which ecology is one of the most problematic issues.And not only because of the man-made disaster on heating networks in 2006, after which Alchevsk was talked about all over the world, when students were evacuated to other cities of Ukraine for a month so that we would not freeze at school and at home. This is already a thing of the past after all. And the present still worries me to a greater extent- the future of the city. I want to live in it, my future children will live in it, and I want them to live for a long time. And it’s bitter to hear when visitors joke about us: “Alchevsk is a city of young people” - that is, they don’t live to old age here, or “When Zhilovka laughs, Liman cries and vice versa” - that is, different areas of the city are suffocating in the smoke from factory chimneys, depending from the direction of the wind. But this is true. Therefore, environmental issues concern all residents of the city and we can certainly say that this is the most actual question our life. However, I will not discover anything new; it is difficult to find novelty in my work, although understanding the situation and trying to find some solutions to it, I believe, is already the beginning of a change in consciousness. And if this happens to all residents of the city, then the situation will definitely change for the better.

But first, a little about our region, about the Lugansk region. Luhansk region is one of the most unfavorable regions of Ukraine in terms of environmental conditions. In the region out of 1500 enterprises and organizations of the coal, metallurgical, chemical and petrochemical industries and energy There are 106 enterprises in the coal industry alone. During the year, emissions from one enterprise average about 2 thousand tons per year. Such high rates are formed mainly due to methane emissions and rock dumps, which are prone to combustion. After all, in the region there are 537 rock dumps, of which 66 are active and inactive, which are on fire. There is also an urgent question about the consequences of closing mines - out of 109 mines being liquidated throughout Ukraine, 40 mines were closed only in the Lugansk region, and this causes significant deterioration of the environmental situation. The main source of air pollution remains the coal industry, whose emissions average up to 200 thousand tons annually, or up to 40% of the region’s gross emissions. The energy industry takes second place - 156 thousand tons, or 30% of the regional volume. As for emissions from metallurgical industry enterprises, they amounted to 87 thousand tons, or 17%, and the production of coke and petroleum products - 23 thousand tons, or 5% of all emissions in the region. 123 enterprises use technological process about forty thousand tons of various potent substances. About 500 thousand tons of polluted substances of three hundred types are emitted into the atmosphere annually, more than three quarters of them are not purified. High specific gravity industry in the economic complex of the region, insufficient equipment of enterprises with dust and gas collection devices has led to a decrease in the oxygen content in the air and an increase in the amount of toxic substances; the air is oversaturated with sulfate gases, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, phenol, ammonia, coke oven gas, etc. Dust and gas cleaning equipment in factories is worn out or outdated, and toxic gases go straight into the sky.

It's no secret that in the Lugansk region there are 7 environmentally hazardous objects of national importance. In just 9 months of last year, almost 400 thousand tons of pollutants were released into the atmosphere. Industrial enterprises located within the city have a significant impact on air pollution. The heaviest load on the air basin is exerted by enterprises in Lugansk - up to 30% of all stationary emissions, Krasnodonsky coal region - 22%, Alchevsk - 21%, which is associated with metallurgical production, and Lisichansk - 7%, due to the production of petroleum products.

The fact that the city is working on solving environmental problems is said and written in the newspapers very often. Like, everything is under control. But it’s worth looking, for example, at our snow and everything becomes clear without any numbers.

Instead of snow-white snowdrifts, there is snow mixed with soot on the streets, and it turns gray and then black on the second or third day after it falls. Sometimes red dust falls from the sky, which is extremely difficult to wash off. The snow is dusted with soot not only in the immediate vicinity of production, but also on playgrounds, near schools, hospitals and the railway station. My household duties include daily wiping dust from the window sills, where it collects in a black layer - with the windows closed, and many housewives wipe it both in the morning and in the evening.

Perhaps the reason for this is that 25% of industrial products in the Lugansk region are produced d located on the territory of Alchevsk. However, the environmental situation in Alchevsk is catastrophic. It’s hard for anyone who hasn’t experienced it to even imagine what we breathe. Maximum permissible concentrations (MACs) are exceeded for many ingredients; atmospheric emissions per year amount to more than 1 ton per inhabitant and over 2 thousand tons per 1 sq. km. Options for reducing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere by two city-forming enterprises - metallurgical and coke plants - are being considered not only by plant managers, but also by environmentalists at all levels. After all, four schools and one medical institution were located in the sanitary protection zone. But the Industrial Union of Donbass corporation (a strategic investor in the steel plant) organized an additional “industrial zone” - it launched an oxygen converter shop with a steel production of 8-10 million tons in addition to the production volume of the existing plant. In total, this is more than 15 million tons, which will amount to at least 40% of all steel currently produced in Ukraine. At the same time, wages at local enterprises are among the lowest in the industry; it is, for example, seven times lower than at factories in Poland and Hungary, which Alchevsk provides with metal.

Almost throughout the entire region, the human living environment is assessed as critical. The region has the lowest life expectancy in Ukraine, 85% of children are born with various pathologies and abnormalities; in our city, the most common disease, especially in children, is bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, the Lugansk region must be recognized as a zone of emergency environmental disaster.

I'm not even talking about the water we drink. In the underground aquifer About 5 million tons of mineral salts and over 230 tons of amino and nitro compounds have accumulated. A high degree of pollution of the natural environment with a high population density (500 people per 1 sq. km.) leads to high level morbidity. H The frequency of cases of cancer and tuberculosis in the city is twice the regional average. From an environmental point of view, the situation with water resources is even worse than the state of the air basin. From 284 wastewater treatment plants Wastewater 172 that exist in the region do not meet sanitary and hygienic standards, so discharges of contaminated wastewater in Alchevsk have increased 5 times.

Of course, it is difficult to combine the desire to develop industry - and our factories are the salaries of city residents, their main source of income - and to reduce emissions into the atmosphere during metal production, but something needs to be done! And although the mayor of the city says: “Emissions per ton of products of AMK PJSC decreased last year from 28 kg to 25,” the air pollution in the city is still colossal, and the situation does not change significantly.

My supervisor and I obtained data from the city sanitary and epidemiological station and the hydrometeorological service laboratory on the degree of air pollution. To assess the quality of atmospheric air, the ratio of annual average concentrations of impurities to their average daily maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs), as well as the air pollution index - IPA, are used. ISA is a total air pollution index, which is calculated for the five most common harmful substances (dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde or phenol).

The state of atmospheric air in the city of Alchevsk was analyzed according to 4 indicators (suspended substances, carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen dioxide NO 2 and sulfur dioxide SO 2 ) for the period from 1996 to 2011. Changes in the maximum one-time and average daily concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere of Alchevsk for the period from 1996 to 2011 are presented graphically in Figures 1 and 2.

font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;color:#0D0D0D">Years

Figure 1 – Maximum single concentrations of pollutants

font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;color:#0D0D0D">Figure 2 – Average daily concentrations of pollutants

Based on the analyzed data, it can be concluded that MAC norms are exceeded for all four indicators with an increasing trend, with maximum one-time indicators giving the greatest excess of MAC norms for suspended substances, and average daily indicators for sulfur dioxide.

To calculate the API in Alchevsk, we used data from the city sanitary and epidemiological station and the laboratory of the hydrometeorological service. The calculation of the API was made using five indicators (suspended substances, carbon monoxide CO, sulfur dioxide SO 2, nitrogen dioxide NO 2 and phenol) for the period from 2006 to 2011.

Alchevsk recorded the highest volume of harmful emissions into the atmosphere in the Lugansk region. It exceeds the norm for one person by 4 times.

Figure 3 shows the values ​​of the air pollution index IZA of the city of Alchevsk for the period from 2006 to 2011 according to the city sanitary and epidemiological station and the hydrometeorological service laboratory.

letter-spacing:-.2pt">Figure 3 – Values ISA of the city of Alchevsk for the period from 2006 to 2011.

According to the hydrometeorological service, the state of the atmospheric air in Alchevsk belongs to the category “Increased air pollution”, and according to the city SES - to the categories “High” and “Very high air pollution”.This discrepancy in data can be explained by the following reasons.

Firstly, the city SES and the hydrometeorological service have posts located at different points (Figure 4). The hydrometeorological service posts (indicated by blue drops on the map) cover almost the entire territory of the city in a triangle on both sides of the industrial sites of PJSC AMK and PJSC Alchevskkoks. And the posts of the city SES (indicated on the map with red crosses) are located almost on the same straight line and do not cover the entire territory of the city. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that the location of city SES posts in the southeast direction from the emission source is the most polluted, therefore, the IPA values ​​​​according to the city SES data are higher than those according to the hydrometeorological service.

Secondly, the hydrometeorological service monitors atmospheric air by the number of samples at each post regularly, and observations of the city SES by the number of samples can only be classified as episodic.

Figure 4 – Location of hydrometeorological service and city SES posts monitoring the state of atmospheric air

I believe that to improve the environmental situation in the city and region it is necessary:

revise MPCs based on European standards;

do not allow new metal production enterprises to be located in the city;

bring to justice and punish to the fullest extent of the law the managers and owners of enterprises that pollute the atmosphere, and fines for failure to fulfill their obligations should increase for each overdue year.

References

1. , Yatsyuk ecologist and protection of the excessive natural environment. - Lviv: Poster, 20 p.

2. Brovdiy V. The world in which we want to live / V. Brovdiy, O. Gatsa, N. Kuruts // Space, Earth, Nature, Ecology, People / V. Brovdiy, O. Gatsa, N. Kuruts. - K., 1997. - P. 29-37.

3. B. Ecology. Nature-Man-Technology: Textbook for technical students. direction and special. universities / , .- Under general. ed. ; M.: UNITY-DANA, 2006.

– 43 s.

4. Report of the Alchevsk City Center for Environmental Monitoring “Development of recommendations for organizing and conducting monitoring of the state of the environment in Alchevsk” - Alchevsk, 2012. - 98 p.

5. DonSTU report « Research and analysis of the influence of anthropogenic factors on the natural environment and development of recommendations for creating an environmental monitoring system for the city of Alchevsk” - Alchevsk, 2012. – 82 p.

6. , Batman and self-organization: Mining cities of Donbass during the period of restructuring of the coal industry: social and environmental dimensions. – Lugansk: Alma Mater, 2001.

7. Belov. Based on publications from city newspapers (history pages). Donetsk: “Donechchina”, 2008.

8. Official website of Alchevsk City Council. http://www. al. /ru/

This is a photo of snow two days ago and streams flowing after the snow melts in the area of ​​the plant.

V.I. Litvinova MDOU General developmental kindergarten No. 11, Tomsk
The word “ecology” has become firmly entrenched in our lives. We are observing the greening of all spheres of life, it includes various aspects - philosophical, economic, geographical, social, ethical, etc. This is where the ecology of the native land, region, city, home, soul, “ecological passport”, “ecologically friendly products” came from. and so on. Let's remember what ecology is. "Eco" is what is outside, around us. There is a translation from Greek: “oikos” - house, dwelling, location and “logy” - studying. Ecology is the science of the relationships of organisms and the communities they form among themselves and with the environment. Simply put, ecology studies the environment that surrounds any Living being, including humans, and the term itself has a broader meaning.
IN Lately many publications have appeared on environmental theme, including about the Tomsk region. This material can be used to work with children in ecology classes, because Tomsk is our habitat, which means we are influenced by the state of nature in the Tomsk region. Tomsk ecologists offer many ways to protect nature. For example, one of the measures to improve the environment is the improvement and landscaping of populated areas - the creation of parks, squares, gardens, boulevards, street and intra-block landscaping, protective green zones around industrial enterprises. Species diversity of plantings is also necessary. Gorzelenkhoz, the Botanical Garden, and flower growers take care of this. The city becomes more beautiful every year. How to protect people's work from vandalism? One way out is to educate people with beauty.
The balance in nature is easy to disturb; the life of living beings is very fragile. We see this in our own lives: due to air and water pollution, people get sick. Natural resources exhausted. How to save what little is left? How to use it rationally? How to preserve and improve your habitat? Knowledge about this must be given to children in an accessible way for their sensory, emotional and mental development. It is necessary to lay down a basic minimum of environmental knowledge for subsequent environmental education at school.
For several years I have been developing the topic: “Ecology of my native land.” The Tomsk region has many natural areas, mineral resources, and a diverse world of plants and animals. You can find many topics for environmental studies in classes with children. For example, in the Tomsk region there are many deposits of clay, sand, and gravel. You can explore the properties of these objects of inanimate nature to your heart's content - and sculpt them out of clay, and play with water at the fountain, and “catch” air in soap bubbles, and try to grind stones, simulating a tidal wave, and you can make “Easter cakes” from sand all year round- there is a special sandbox table for this. There is plenty of space for all these experiments in the Winter Garden; not every teacher would want to arrange “this” in a group room. In my work I use programs from S.N. Nikolaeva, N.A. Ryzhova,
N. Kondratieva (program “We”), other manuals on ecology, adapted for work in the Winter Garden. Some of the best, in my opinion, are “Ecology for Children”, “Ekolobok”, “Murzilka” by L.N. Erdakova. His publications on habitats are very helpful in my work. The topics presented in his manuals can be developed endlessly; there are no indifferent children in the classroom. Classes are held in the Winter Garden, at preschool educational institutions. The territory of the preschool educational institution is very interesting: there are small fragments of “wild” nature, there are several pine trees, under which boletus grows every year, there is an area with birch trees and a small lawn where boletus, boletus, russula or pigweed grow. These topics, of course, are also used in classes. The Winter Garden presents different types indoor plants, there is a "Living Corner" where hedgehogs live, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster, turtles, parrots, fish, snails and other living creatures. Situations with animals are played out in class: we cannot bring hedgehogs from the forest, because we will not be able to find many insects for them to eat, hedgehogs sleep in winter, and it is hot and noisy in the Winter Garden - you will not sleep. We try to force the children to behave quietly, because the Winter Garden is a small forest, the noise will make all the little animals and insects (spiders, snails, etc.) hide, and they won’t see anyone. Children are proud of the Winter Garden, this is evident when they bring their parents and show them their favorite animal.
The entire program “Ecology of the Native Land” is divided into blocks:
"Inanimate nature". These include topics: “Water”, “Air”, “Soil”, “Rocks and Minerals”, “Cosmic Bodies”, “Sun”, “Moon”, “Constellations and moon calendar", "Space Travel".
II. "Living nature and its relationship with inanimate nature." Here we get acquainted with the biological objects of the Tomsk region, the city, the Winter Garden, their life cycles; ecosystems of fresh water bodies, swamps, taiga, and other forests. During the school year
a lot of practical work in the Winter Garden on caring for animals and plants, planting plants for yourself, for kindergarten, landscaping the territory of the preschool educational institution. This includes the topic “Man as a living being.”
"Ecology of our habitat." Here we conduct environmental studies of the city, kindergarten, home, work with the “Ecological Passport”, “Red Book”, and talk about nature conservation.
"Our planet is in danger." Here we are talking about water, air, soil pollution; about human behavior in nature, on the street, at home; carry out environmental activities, holidays and entertainment.
In classes, children will learn about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region, other regions of Siberia and globe, because it’s no secret that no matter where we live, we still influence the nature of the whole world. Scientists and progressive people of our time have been writing about this more and more often lately. The worsening environmental problems in our country and abroad threaten the existence of people all over the world. Not only the nature of the Earth requires protection, but also humanity - as a part of this nature. Intensive educational work is needed to develop an ecological culture of environmental management among the population. In the education system, the foundations of environmental consciousness and culture are laid in preschool childhood. But existing programs are mainly educational programs about the world around us. Teachers form in children a humane attitude towards living beings, this is, of course, positive attitude to nature, but no longer sufficient. We need an urgent change in people's consciousness and attitude towards nature.
Several years ago, the “Red Book of the Tomsk Region” was published. This is an official reference book compiled by Tomsk ecologists. It turns out that in the Tomsk region, 180 rare and endangered species of animals, plants, and fungi need protection due to a reduction in their numbers as a result of human activity, and some species may disappear. Despite various activities to preserve the nature of the Tomsk region, carried out by employees of "Oblkompriroda", environmental organizations and the "Society for the Conservation of Nature", the culture of the population is low. There are many examples of this, we will not dwell on them now.
Preschool childhood is the beginning of the formation of a person’s personality, his attitude towards himself and the world around him. How small man will learn to relate to the world around him, so in adult life he will apply the acquired knowledge. Children are instinctively drawn to nature, to living beings. During this period of their development, they learn everything with their senses and try to understand existence. Therefore, it is important to form in children a consciously correct attitude towards the natural objects and phenomena that surround them. It's hard to love what you don't know. The more children learn about the natural objects of our city and region, the more carefully they will treat them, the better they will begin to understand their needs for clean and healthy environment and food. The role of the teacher is important here - how he presents this knowledge, this knowledge will remain, if not in the child’s memory, then somewhere in the subconscious. Our children now have a beneficial time to understand themselves in the world around them; when they grow up, they will have responsibilities, school, work, and hobbies. Classes are held different ways: this is a conversation, and practical exercises, and observation, and communication with living objects. Children discuss in class what kind of house they would like to live in, what the yard near the house should be like, what kind of apartment, etc. During such a conversation, it is not the teacher who teaches the children how and where they should live, but the children express their inner desire, the need for an environmentally friendly , aesthetic and harmonious with the nature of life. Children learn not to think thoughtlessly about the things of nature and everyday life around them, but to find the expediency of their use, for example: planting trees in the city for clean air; old things that are still wearable can be given to others; plastic dishes can be reused, etc. Children acquire practical skills and abilities. For example, plant seeds are sown. First they find out that there is a small plant “sleeping” inside; then - how to “wake up” it and grow it - warm it with your hands, plant it in the ground, water it, put it in a bright place warm place, and if you do it wrong, the seed will not wake up. In classes, children get acquainted with the life of natural objects, for example, with the life of trees. How they grow, grow old, what happens to them when they grow old and fall to the ground. You can touch the trees, they are warm even in winter. A tree can help in difficult moments of life: a poplar will take away sadness, a birch will give joy and heal. The child learns to find help from plants. “Look at the flower, be surprised, rejoice,” these words can help us too. This establishes a harmonious connection between the child and nature. Education takes place through natural objects: what a beautiful moss, a pine cone underfoot - we won’t take it, let it stay here, here they are beautiful, here they are in place, this is someone’s home, someone’s food. Everything in nature is expedient, if you remove one link in the food chain, an ecological disaster may occur. In the process of communicating with living beings, it is restored peace of mind, child's health. It is especially interesting for children to get acquainted with natural areas Tomsk district - their eyes light up. If you are careful, you can see and learn a lot that is not somewhere in Africa, but not far away, in the neighboring forest, for example, you can see a ferret or a hare. Children begin to fantasize, including themselves in various situations. This is a kind of training for correct environmental behavior.
Or work with the “Ecological Passport” - it contains all the trees and shrubs growing in the areas of the preschool educational institution, icons of birds, insects, plants and other living creatures that live or sometimes appear on the territory of the kindergarten. Children suggest which bird or insect still needs to be marked on the “Ecological Passport”.
Parents help introduce children to the unique places of the city, region - these are nature reserves, specially protected areas, natural monuments (lakes, springs, etc.), Siberian Botanical Garden, University Grove, then talk about their trips. We discuss together how to have a good rest in nature and not harm it. These are traditional places for Tomsk residents to relax and gather wild plants. No police or environmental inspectors will be enough to protect these places. We need the good will of people, environmental culture
tour and ecological worldview. How we coped with this task will be shown in the near future.
As a result of four years of environmental education and training, children should distinguish wildlife from non-living; know about the life and needs of living organisms, about the ecosystems of the Tomsk region; learn to humanely treat animals in a corner of nature, care for the plants of the Winter Garden; have basic environmental culture: do not throw garbage, do not break trees, etc.

MKOU "Soldiers' Basic Secondary School"

Fatezhsky district, Kursk region

Extracurricular event on the topic

"Ecology of the native land"

Target: formation of a responsible attitude towards the nature of the native land.

Tasks:

• To foster a caring attitude among students towards the nature of their native land;
• To form an environmental culture among students;
• Replenish students’ knowledge of ecology;
• Fostering a sense of love for one’s small homeland and a sense of self-awareness.

Equipment: Presentations, computer, newspapers on environmental topics, physical map Russia, globe, book exhibition, memo “Rules of behavior in nature”, prohibition signs.

Progress of the class hour.

Student: By cutting the ice, we change the flow of rivers

We repeat that there is a lot to do,

But we will still come to ask for forgiveness

Near these rivers, dunes and swamps.

At the most gigantic sunrise,

In the smallest fry,

I don’t want to think about it yet,

We have no time for that now... yet.

Airfields, piers and platforms,

Forests without birds and lands without water,

There is less and less natural surroundings,

More and more environment.

Teacher: Man is not alone in this world. There is an environment around it. The environment is the water we drink and from which we are made, the air we breathe, the soil on which we grow plants, and the animals that live in nature.

All this existed long before the advent of man, and with the advent of man this entire set of objects changed.

The most terrible of disasters is man-made, i.e. destruction of man by man. At the dawn of the 20th century, V.I. Vernadsky said that humanity was becoming an ecological and even cosmic force. And everyone living on Earth can be convinced of the truth of these words: humanity is shaking the earth, changing its appearance. And nature takes revenge on people for such a victory. The land is not a state; it cannot be divided. It is impossible to divide nature. It lives according to its own laws: birds, fish, animals, insects, winds and waters move across the Earth, as they moved hundreds and even tens of thousands of years ago, without asking permission.

There is a lot of water on Earth, but it is necessary for life - fresh water- about 3%. But high yields, human life, all living things and much more depend on the abundance of clean, high-quality water. And to do this, we have to drill wells, deepen wells, dig canals, build expensive treatment systems, and, despite this, people suffer without water.

(Appendix No. 1 The meaning of water Babukhina Anastasia.)

Teacher: Forests are custodians of underground water. The amazing ability of a living tree is to evaporate moisture; 1 hectare of birch forest evaporates 47 thousand liters of water per day.

The role of the World Ocean is great. We call it "limitless", inexhaustible. But today the ocean is powerless against human activity, and not only because millions of tons of oil during transportation cover the water surfaces of the ocean with a rainbow film.

Clean air is becoming scarce on our planet. Taking oxygen for its needs and throwing out huge clouds carbon dioxide and other gases, man destroys man in man. In Belarus, thyroid diseases in children have increased 100-fold due to environmental pollution. After all, you cannot dress all of humanity in gas masks, you cannot pass the entire atmosphere through filters, and you cannot isolate one area from another. The contamination of the atmosphere of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant has reached Chita. On the indivisible Earth, the most indivisible thing is the atmosphere, and its pollution is a universal problem for humanity. The earth is not only our breadwinner, it is our home, it is the place where we live, relax, and experience the world. This is the hiding place of the UNIVERSE. The rhythms of our planet are inextricably linked with the rhythm of life of all living things. And if we, people, do not remember the main thing - the biosphere is an integral formation, and we, with our pride and rationality, are only a part of it. And if we want to preserve humanity, we must preserve the nature of the Earth.

It is our duty to remember this. Remember and get involved in nature conservation work. This work is for the sake of humanity and humanity.

Student: Earth, what is it like?

The earth gives birth to transparent streams and streams, millions of stems and ears of corn, sends birds into the clouds, animals into the forests. The earth receives all the rain, snow, fog, hairy seeds and smooth grains.

The mighty Volga flowing expanses,

Not knowing the edges of the vastness of the steppes

Forests, fields, valleys, rivers, mountains,

The whole bright appearance of my homeland.

Our planet is called earth due to a misunderstanding. Water accounts for 4/5 of the territory, but it is unevenly distributed on the planet. And people, plants, and enterprises need it. But fresh water is becoming increasingly scarce.

80% of diseases are associated with the use of poor quality water. The water of rivers, seas, and oceans will hold tens of thousands of tons of various harmful salts, toxic substances, petroleum products.

Teaching: Black spots .

The gray ocean is ringing alarm bells,

He harbors a grudge deep down.

Black spots rock

On a steep, angry wave.

People have become strong, like gods,

And the fate of the EARTH is in their hands,

But terrible burns darken

The globe is on its sides,

We have mastered the planet a long time ago

The new century is sweeping ahead.

There are no more white spots on EARTH,

Black. Will you erase it, man?

Teacher: Problems of rational use of the resources of the world's oceans can be solved only through close cooperation of all states.

Seas and oceans, rivers and lakes make up 80% of the land surface. sea ​​plants enrich the air with oxygen more than land plants. The warmth of the ocean influences the Earth's climate. The ocean is the kitchen of the weather.

Student: I dream of the earth dumb as stone,

And the sky, naked, without a bird,

And the sea without fish and without a ship, Dry, empty eye sockets,

Teacher: The scale of human impact on nature is constantly increasing.

Where is the way out?

Scientists propose to create waste-free production In order not to dump dirty water into rivers, enterprises should build treatment facilities.

Student: A cry for help.

And nature is again extremely simple,

She is dressed in colorful feathers...

It's not her beauty that surprises me,

Her patience is amazing.

And when through the asphalt the petals of five

Pushing through after midnight, I do not rejoice in the power of the EARTH.

For me, this is, first of all, a cry for help!

Teacher:“Cleanliness is the key to health.” And we are scared to imagine what our planet, with its streets and cities, would have become if the garbage had not been taken out. In 10-15 years it would cover our planet with a layer 5 meters thick. It is forbidden to burn waste, because... At the same time, the soil, air, water are polluted and a lot of toxic gases are released. Speaking about environmental protection, we should also be aware of the health of our apartments in which we spend most of our lives.

(Appendix No. 2 Health of our apartments Igin Nikta.)

Teacher: The nature around us is more precious than gold, more precious than silver, and the future of our Earth depends on us!

We are given responsibility

And the whole Earth and the whole country.

The future of our planet EARTH, oceans, fields, seas, lakes, rivers is in our hands.

(Appendix No. 3 Research work. Environmental protection from household waste. Gribanova Marina)

Student: The groan of the EARTH.

Rotating in space in the circle of its orbit,

Not a year, not two, billions of years,

I'm so tired, my flesh is covered

There are scars of wounds, there is no living space.

The tar torments my sick soul,

And poisons poison the waters of clean rivers.

All that I had and have,

A person considers his good,

I don't need rockets and shells

But my ore goes to them.

What does the state of Nevada cost me?

His underground explosions are a succession,

Why are people so afraid of each other?

Have you forgotten about your Earth?

After all, I can die and stay

A charred grain of sand in the smoky haze.

WAKE UP PEOPLE, CALL ON THE COUNTRIES TO SAVE ME FROM DEATH!

Teacher: The attitude towards living things is a continuous contradictory act of consciousness, mind, feelings, and will of a person. And only in the human soul there is a place for beauty. A person becomes more moral due to the fact that he is possessed by the desire to preserve and protect the environment.

Save Nature's wonderful creations

From mismanagement of destruction,

This is the call! This is our law.

But he will still achieve little,

While there is no desire for consciousness,

Bringing only destruction to nature.

But we are the masters of our Earth.

Correct use found

By knowing our dear NATURE.

From time immemorial, nature has faithfully served man.

Today, the joys and wisdom of nature turn into pain, wealth into loss, kindness into harshness. There is an expression “blooming land.” This is the name of the land where the knowledge, experience of people, their attachment to nature truly work wonders.

When in the forest or on the river, follow fire safety rules, do not break bushes, cut down trees, litter the area, destroy anthills, or bird nests.

Student: Just take care of this Earth

Take care of the EARTH! Take care!

Butterfly on dodder leaves.

There are reflections of sunshine on the path,

A crab playing on the stones.

There is a shadow from a baobab tree on the grave,

A hawk soaring over a field

Crescent moon over the river expanse,

A swallow flashing in the field!

Take care of the Earth, take care!

Teacher: Guys, now we turn to you. When you are in the forest, fishing, on vacation, in the field, take care of our nature, the nature of our native village.

We will decorate our land, protect it,

Our region will become prettier and flourish.

On vacation (sketch)

We came to the river to spend Sunday,

They sit here and sit there, rest as they please,

Hundreds of adults and children.

We walked along the bank and found a clearing,

But in the sunny meadow there are empty cans here and there.

And as if to harm us, even broken glass.

We walked along the bank, found a new place,

But even here they sat before us, they also drank, they also ate,

They lit a fire, burned paper, made a mess and left.

We passed by, of course.

"Hey guys!" - Dima shouted, -

Here's a place somewhere

Spring water,

Wonderful view, beautiful beach,

Unpack your luggage.

We swam and sunbathed

They burned a fire, played football,

They drank kvass, ate sweets,

They sang songs in a round dance,

And they remained in the clearing near the extinguished fire

Two cans we broke,

Two wet donuts

In short, a mountain of garbage.

We came to the river to spend Monday,

But you can’t find a free place near the river.

And only in the human soul there is a place for beauty.

Nature demands reward

For precious fruits,

And only one thing nature needs,

So that people are kind to her

Student: Cry from the heart

I love you big time

But please, listen to me,

Don't kill the last bear

Let him walk in the dark depths.

Don't destroy the last swamp,

Spare the hunted wolf

So that something remains on Earth.

What makes my chest ache.

Quiz:

What is ecology?

What environmental problems exist in our area, village?

What measures can you suggest to protect the nature of our village?

What measures are being taken to eliminate environmental problems in our village or region?

What rare and protected plants are found in our village or region?

What protected animals of the Kursk region do you know?

What protected animals can be found in the forests of our village?

What are the specially protected areas of the Kursk region?

What can each of us do to improve the environmental condition of our village?

Used Books

1 Encyclopedia "Wikipedia"

2Red Book of the Russian Federation.

3Red Book of the Kursk Territory

4 Nature and people M., education 1990