From the experience of work “Ecological development of young children. Ecology for children: activities, quizzes, poems, skits

The pressing issue for humanity is the environmental crisis. Billions are allocated to solve the problem, but this does not bring visible results.

People are convinced that the instability of the ecosystem is associated only with harmful emissions and overflowing landfills.

But for safe interaction between nature and humans, it is necessary to form the correct eco-awareness. The article will talk about the problem of environmental education and measures taken to solve it.

What is environmental education

Environmental education of the younger generation is a new concept in pedagogy. These are measures aimed at developing the child’s thinking and habits in relation to nature. Science introduces us to the world around us, teaches us how to interact with it: take care of plants and animals, conserve resources, live in harmony with the world and society.

Goals and objectives of environmental education

Forming a respectful attitude towards nature is the goal similar education. Having achieved it, the child early age will learn:

• use rationally natural resources;
• take care of their preservation;
• study, protect nature.

To achieve this goal, 3 tasks are set:

Educational. Gives knowledge about modern problems ecology and teaches them to solve them.

Educational. Instills habits and needs healthy image life and correct behavior in relation to nature.

Developmental. Teaches in practice how to assess the condition environment, improve the situation.

The result is the education of a new generation of ecologically cultured people.

Environmental education of preschool children

It is important to instill a love of nature from childhood. The first 7 years of a person’s life are the period of personality formation. At this age, the worldview and attitude towards the world around us is formed.

The duty of the older generation is to teach the preschooler a humane attitude towards animals, birds, insects, and plants.

On modern stage research has proven that it is easier to lay the foundations of ecoculture in early childhood.

Environmental education of junior schoolchildren

IN elementary school Children are introduced to the world around them and given examples of problems in nature that come from human activity. According to psychologists, increase interest in nature and environmental problems V modern society necessary, working in three directions:

Develop emotional qualities child: a feeling of delight, surprise, empathy, positive feelings towards objects of nature, correct behavior.

Create conditions for the implementation of accumulated knowledge. Provide an opportunity to demonstrate environmental awareness in extracurricular activities.

Provide age-appropriate knowledge.

All components act interconnectedly with an integrated approach. A child's interests and beliefs have not been formed in elementary school. The teacher’s task is to develop eco-culture, teach students to bear responsibility for all life on the planet, and take care of the environment.

Forms of environmental education

Environmental education becomes an important part of the educational process. Teachers work in this direction during lessons and extracurricular activities. Methods and forms of education depend on the age of the child.

Lessons

A popular form is a lesson. Thematic classes are conducted for preschoolers. The subject “Knowledge of the World” has been introduced in primary schools. He introduces children to the world around them and its laws. Classroom activities are divided into 3 types:

Introductory. Give an idea about different types plants, animals, natural phenomena. For better perception, posters, films and other demonstration materials are used.

Generalizing. They talk about the problems of the planet. Preschoolers of older groups and primary classes learn to separate natural phenomena according to their characteristics.

Cognitive. Allows you to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. Classes are held in the form of competitions and quizzes.

Lessons lay down theoretical and practical knowledge, taking into account age.

Thematic events

Holidays dedicated to ecology are part of extracurricular activities. Topics are created by teachers or timed to coincide with calendar events (day wildlife, Earth Day). The goal is to awaken interest in the problems of nature. The holiday script is drawn up on the basis of previously acquired knowledge.

Hiking and excursions

Effective method environmental education – direct interaction with wildlife. Teachers organize outdoor walks or excursions to local history museums.

Starting from the middle groups of kindergartens and middle school classes, participants participate in such events.

Work

In preschool institutions, living corners and flower beds are set up. Children take care of flowers and animals. Schools are holding cleanup days and cleaning classrooms.

Methods of environmental education

For better perception of nature programs, a methodology is being developed for preschool institutions and schools. Teachers use 3 methods in practice.

Visual methods

Include:

Observation. Children are asked to track the behavior of the animal. Changes in the shape, characteristics, and structure of the plant. In the process, the purpose, timing and method of observation are established.

Illustrative materials. Literature, images, paintings, posters are a visual way to introduce children to animals, plants and natural phenomena that are inaccessible to observation in their usual environment.

The visual method helps to attract students' attention to environmental issues.

Practical methods

To fully immerse yourself in eco-culture you need practical actions:

• modeling;
• experiments;
• themed games.

Practice makes general idea O natural objects.

Verbal methods

Any method is supported by conversation, reading fiction. Teachers conduct conversations in lessons, before competitions, games, and during experiments.

Environmental education in the family

The relevance of the problem of environmental education is related to the situation within the family. Children are sensitive to their environment. They unwittingly try to imitate adults.

Parents must understand that forcing a child to certain rules behavior is impossible if they themselves do not correspond to them. First of all, you need to cultivate an environmental culture at home.

Joint activities with your child will be beneficial:

While walking, pay attention to birds and insects. Monitor the weather. Using the verbal method, introduce the child to them.

Buy colorful literature: encyclopedias, books on caring for animals and plants.

Start pet. Explain how to care for it and why it needs to be done.

Look documentaries and series about nature.

It is important to reward your child for correct behavior. Mark if he threw the trash into the trash can, fed the fish, or did something good deed.

The meaning of the problem

Children must understand that it is forbidden to pick flowers, torment cats, destroy anthills, or destroy nests.

The role of adults is to instill love for all manifestations of nature.

The problem of environmental education has deep meaning. This is the education not of an individual, but of an entire generation that will provide themselves and their children with a safe existence in harmony with nature.

Abstract of OOD

"Ecology - what is it?"

in the preparatory group.

Goal: to give children an idea of ​​ecology as a science.

Tasks:

1. Teach children to love and protect nature, to use its resources sparingly.

2. Form a conscious understanding of the relationships in nature.

3. Clarify and consolidate the names of animals and plants, their unique features.

4. Develop logical thinking, attention, memory, intelligence.

5. Educate children careful attitude to nature, the desire to care for it, protect it.

Activation of the dictionary: forecast, ecology, disaster.

Previous work: familiarization with the life of wild and domestic animals, observations of birds, animals, people, living and inanimate nature, establishing relationships

OOD progress.

Educator:

Children, I will tell you a story. In one city in France there were a lot of sparrows, they destroyed a lot of grain in the fields, and littered windows, houses, and streets of the city with their excrement. And then people decided to get rid of them. They destroyed the sparrows, but then a lot of mosquitoes appeared, which the sparrows had previously destroyed, and they began to bite people, which caused a lot of inconvenience to people. Soon we had to buy sparrows abroad, which is very expensive. What can you conclude after listening to this story? (children's answers). Everything in nature is connected. A person must first think and then do something. Of course, all these inconveniences could have been avoided. It was just that city leaders needed to consult with scientists who dealt with environmental problems. They are called (scientists) ecologists.

What are scientists who study environmental problems called?

Children's answers.

Educator:

We have already looked at examples of the relationship between living and inanimate nature, human connections with nature. Now we will compete to see which series will give more examples of the relationship or interdependence of nature and man. For each correct answer you will receive a chip.

Children give examples and get chips. (I'm counting chips)

Having considered all these examples, we were once again convinced that in nature everything is interconnected. A science that studies how plants and animals are related to each other, and how they adapt to life in nature, and how they themselves influence this nature. This science is called ecology. This science not only helps us understand nature, but also teaches us how to preserve it.

The word “ecology” is a Greek word, it comes from two words “ecos” - house and the word “logos” - science. This means ecology is the science of the home. But here we do not mean the house or apartment where we live, but the natural home that every living creature has: animals, plants, humans, everything that surrounds them in nature. The science of “ecology” studies the connections of living beings with what surrounds them, for example, how animals are connected with plants, other animals, humans, air, water, how some representatives of living beings depend on others, inanimate nature, how they influence each other friend, how they depend on nature.

What is the name of this science?

Children's answers.

Remember those animals that sleep in winter?

Children call:

They depend on inanimate nature, i.e., the time of year. You and I sleep at night; neither animals, nor plants, nor people can do without drinking, that is, water.

Who do you think more birds or the insects they feed on?

Children's answers.

Of course there are more insects, if there are fewer of them, the birds will simply die of hunger. It’s not for nothing that in the fall, birds that feed on insects fly away to warm countries. Remember, there are always fewer predators than those they feed on. (you can give an example: hedgehogs. Owls, foxes and mice, which they feed on. Lynx, lion, etc. and artiodactyls, which they attack.

You already know. That many animals and plants in nature have adapted to protect themselves from enemies. Give examples of these devices.

Children give examples (nettle stings, some weeds look like real plants, a skunk emits a pungent odor, cats, lynx, lion have strong teeth, strong paws, claws; artiodactyl animals have hooves, an ostrich has strong and fast legs; plants in hot countries have thick leaves where they collect water, long root, etc.)

(children receive chips for each correct answer. The results are summed up).

Physical education minute.

Let's go through the garden, field or meadow - (children walk in place).

Let us be nature's true friend!

If we walk through the forest, (walking on toes)

Let us sow seeds of kindness everywhere. (children squat, imitate planting grains)

These grains will sprout (children rise slowly)

A song to sing to my soul (they press their hands to their chest),

We will protect nature

And never offend! (hands down)

I think you have heard or seen on TV more than once how, as a result of an accident on a ship carrying oil, it happens that oil spills into the sea. It covers the surface of the water and does not allow air to pass through. As a result, animals die, such as whales, dolphins, fur seals, seagulls, fish, algae, shellfish and other sea inhabitants. The inhabitants of the shores will also die, as there is nothing to eat. People will no longer be able to relax or fish here. Only after many years will these places be cleared of oil, and birds, animals, and plants will be able to live here again. Such cases are called environmental disasters.

Every day, and even several times a day, we listen to the weather forecast on the radio and watch the weather forecast on TV. What does the word “forecast” mean (children’s answers). “Forecast”, guys, is a prediction, that is, they predict or forecast the weather for a day or even a week in advance. There are also environmental forecasts, this is when environmental scientists predict what the consequences will be as a result of human intervention in nature. To do this, they use their knowledge, which they gain by exploring nature.

Ecologists, for example, can predict what will happen if:

Dump waste from chemical plants into the river;

Destroy all rodents;

Destroy poisonous mushrooms;

Exterminate birds of prey and animals.

I suggest you play scientist ecologists. You will have to name a situation, and the other children will tell you what will happen as a result.

- (children propose a problem)

You see how many disasters can be avoided if you know the environmental forecast in advance. A person can save himself and all of nature from many troubles. And many of them result from a bad, thoughtless attitude towards nature.

Reflection: what did we talk about today?

What is the significance of the science of ecology?

Children's answers.

That's right, this science helps a person do the right thing, not harm himself, and preserve nature.

Reading a poem by D. Zevin.

Galina Golikova
Article: “Baby and ecology”

Natural world! This is the enchanting look of paint,

this and fresh air, invigorating, inspiring

We have new strength. These are untold riches

which people should protect and increase...

Valova Z. G.

Moisenko Yu. E.

Nowadays, more than ever, the issue of environmental education of children is acute. How to educate children to respect nature? Considering age characteristics preschoolers, which include impressionability and emotional responsiveness, through compassion and empathy, which help the child to enter, as V. A. Sukhomlinsky said "into the life of another living being from the inside", feel someone else's pain as if it were your own, introduce the baby into the world around us nature so that every day he discovers something new for himself, so that he grows as a researcher, so that every step he takes is a journey to the origins of miracles in nature, ennobles his heart and strengthens his will.

Environmental education is a direction in preschool pedagogy, which differs from the traditional one - introducing children to nature. During preschool childhood, in the process of purposeful pedagogical impact In children, it is possible to form the beginning of an ecological culture - consciously - the correct attitude towards the phenomena, objects of living and inanimate nature that make up their immediate environment during this period of life. Consciously - the correct attitude is developed under the condition of close contact and various forms the child’s interaction with plants and animals available indoors and on the site kindergarten and in the orphanage. In other words, every creature must have its own "house" which has everything for his life.

Starting from kindergarten, the teacher must instill in the child’s consciousness a caring attitude towards nature and the environment. native land. The children are already older preschool age without much effort they acquire knowledge on ecologyif the classes are conducted in an accessible, exciting way.

The beginning of environmental education is some rules from childhood (you can’t pick flowers, you can’t walk on lawns, you can’t offend animals). Children should be taught not to remain indifferent to a broken branch. During conversations or walks into nature, children need to be explained that by caring for the nature of our native land, we further take care of the environment and our Earth as a whole. After all, preschool childhood is the initial stage in the formation of a person’s personality, his value orientation in the world around him. Preschoolers, due to the characteristics of their age, very organically perceive all knowledge that is associated with nature. After all, young children feel like they are part of nature; they have not yet developed a consumer attitude towards it. Therefore, the main task is to ensure that the feeling of an inextricable connection with the outside world, which arose in early childhood, remains for life.

In summer, the territory of our kindergarten is especially beautiful; the abundance of bright, fragrant flowers attracts the attention of not only people, but also insects. Here is a convenient moment where you can tell and clearly show about the life of insects and their benefits. With proper guidance by observing the environment, the child begins to understand what is good and what is bad. Systematic observation in nature teaches children to be attentive. Any observation is cognitive activity, requiring attention, concentration, and mental activity from children, so it does not last long. Pedagogical communication between the teacher and children takes on a cognitive coloring: the teacher sets clear, specific questions, guiding children to search for information, listens to their answers, and responds kindly to every message. And most importantly, he praises for the correct answer, stimulates with praise further search information. Cycles of observations, accompanied by cognitive communication between the teacher and children, develop in them observation skills, a persistent interest in nature, and form clear, specific ideas about the morphofunctional characteristics of plants and their connection with the environment.

For a teacher, it is important to teach children to see and appreciate the quiet beauty of a tiny wildflower, a hardworking ant or spider on a forest path, to hear the enchanting sounds of nature - the singing of birds, the rustling of leaves and grass, the murmur of water... Teaching children to see beauty is a difficult task. If the teacher himself sincerely loves nature and treats it with care, he will be able to convey these feelings to children. Children are very observant and sensitive to the words, mood and deeds of an adult; they quickly see the positive and imitate their mentor. Love for nature means not only a certain state of mind, the perception of its beauty, but also its understanding, its knowledge.

One of the ways to convey to a child all the beauty of the world around him is a fairy tale. A fairy tale not only entertains, it unobtrusively educates, introduces the child to the world around him, good and evil. She is a universal teacher. In our work with children we use the works of Dr. pedagogical sciences N.A. Ryzhova, which help to understand nature and man’s relationship with it. In an entertaining way they introduce children to natural phenomena, their relationships, with some concepts of ecology, problems of human influence on nature and many others. So, instilling in children a love for nature and the ability to perceive its beauty is one of the important tasks of a kindergarten. In this work, his first assistants should be his parents.

As a result of targeted work on environmental education and training, changes occurred in the actions and behavior of children. Preschoolers began to consciously treat natural resources and all living things more attentively, hardworking and observant, which is reflected in their drawings and stories. The emotionality and enthusiasm of children convinces that the work on environmental education is very important and gives good results. This work helps to cultivate love for native nature and caring attitude towards her.

“All efforts in education will be in vain,

until you teach your students

love the field, birds and flowers” (D. Reskin)

Our world is very fragile and beautiful. The nature around us is perfect and amazes with its charm. But people often do not notice this and destroy their habitat.

Ecology is the science of the laws of nature and the interactions of living organisms with each other. Ecology also refers to the state of the environment. IN lately people think less and less about planet Earth, pollute it and forget about the consequences of their actions. Therefore, it is very important to tell children about ecology.

When we talk about ecological situation, then we are talking not only about the picture as a whole, but also about the behavior of an individual person. When one person throws out a piece of paper in the forest, he thinks that it’s okay, it’s the only one. But if a huge number of people think the same thing, then the forest will simply turn into a garbage dump. What can we say about plastic bags and cigarette butts that will take hundreds of years to decompose.

It is impossible to change the image of all people. But you can change your child's behavior. Parents must understand that ecology is as important for children as mathematics, literature, and history. Ecological thinking cannot be forced, but it can be made a habit. The sooner mom and dad begin to educate their children about the environment, the sooner the little ones understand that it is necessary to think about the world around them and take care of nature, the more likely it is that in the future the child will continue this noble cause.

You cannot teach your son or daughter to care about the environment if he does not know why it is necessary. Therefore, you first need to have an educational conversation with him. Explain to your child where water comes from, why you shouldn’t litter, and what the food chain is. And the best way to teach a child is through play.

What is ecology for children

Ecology is best studied as a game. An important task of parents is to instill in their children a love of nature. Taking care of her should become the baby’s habit.

When your child knows why minerals are needed, how a person harms surrounding nature how and what animals and plants eat, it is easier to explain to him what ecology is and why we need to take care of it. Therefore, it is necessary to tell your child something new every day about the world in which we live.

Sea otters sleep by holding their paws to each other so that they are not separated by the current.

Children about ecology

“Everything in the world is needed!
We need everything -
Who makes honey
And who makes the poison"

from Boris Zakhoder’s fairy tale “About everything in the world.”

Ecology is a young science. Although ancient Indian treatises wrote about the life of animals and their living conditions.

This science is developing so quickly that scientists find it difficult to say where its boundaries are.

This science is so necessary! She tells how creatures live in their “homes” - ecosystems.

This science says that there are immutable laws to which we and our neighbors - animals, birds, plants - obey. These laws also describe our living conditions - earth, air, water and stones.

A girl in a city yard.

We are all connected, dependent on each other, need each other. If something around us changes, everything else begins to change. For example, only animals lived in the stones, and people removed the stones, plowed the fields - and then other animals and birds began to live in the fields; if the fields dry out, new species of living beings will begin to live.

We are better here than in the concrete jungle.

Ecology – exact science. Thanks to its formulas, you can calculate, for example, how many kilometers of forest you need to the wild wolf so that it does not disturb farm animals, and much more.

How many parks do we need?

Bumblebee on a flower

Not only humans change the space around them - ants, termites, and bees do this too. Birds and fish do this huge bears and small earthworms. But only man changes everything around him so much that lifeless places remain on planet Earth for decades - there are no birds, no worms, no bears. And people settle there reluctantly.

Ascidians are sea animals. Really, really beautiful?

Even just while managing the Earth, people destroy living things every day, and not just living things - entire species of living beings. Forever.

Just think, some microbes will disappear, slugs, jellyfish, flowers, worms - who cares? needed! - you say. Are there not enough of them left? Every year new species are found - jellyfish, fish, all sorts of crabs or worms.

But even the tiniest creature on earth feeds something larger. And if we forget about this, it’s scary to think what we will do in the end and what it will lead to!

Today I still want to tell you about the good: how we, people, use the riches of the natural storehouse.

Bionics scientists - have you heard of this science? – study how plants, animals, and insects work. The fact is that in living nature everything is done surprisingly economically, beautifully and conveniently. Scientists discover these laws and secrets of nature and then apply them in technology.

You probably know that many medicines were created thanks to plants. I just want to say - there are no useless plants, there are unstudied ones!

Pink mole rat in his house

But what amazes me most is the animals that are studied to learn their secrets. First on my list is, of course, the pink mole rat. He lives in hot, stuffy caves, where no one but him can live! But he lives! How? Why? Why isn't he sick? What allows the pink mole rat to survive?

On our planet there are creatures that hide the secret of immortality - axolotls, coelenterate hydra, and others. A starfish and ascidians - sea animals - have not yet revealed to us the secret of eternal youth.

How will we study mysteries and secrets, find medicines and make amazing discoveries if there is only the studied world around us? Or rather, what if everything that has not been studied is killed by garbage, oil spills, and clearings?

Every year scientists discover many new species of living beings, and twice as many of them disappear! We ourselves, the people, allow our people to be covered in garbage and killed. natural resources, our unknown saviors, our unknown protectors.

What can people learn from looking at this beauty?

The fairy tale by Boris Zakhoder is written about ecology - but it’s so simple and clear! And it’s simply called “A Tale about Everyone in the World.” Parents can help you find a cartoon based on this fairy tale.

Photo by Alla Mutelika, Marina Lidis