The diversity of the nature of the native land. Project on the topic “Diversity of the nature of the native land Diversity of the nature of the native land 3

MAOU secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects high school No. 50 Ekaterinburg

PROJECT “Nature Diversity” native land»

URAL

Completed by 3B class student KHODIREV BOGDAN

Project goals:- to form in students ideas about the diversity of the nature of their native land, - to introduce them to the characteristics of groups of animals and plants, - to foster a sense of responsibility for all living things that surrounds us, - to develop logical thinking, imagination, observation, - to promote education careful attitude to the surrounding world, the development of moral and aesthetic qualities

Tasks:-study plant and fauna native land, - systematize knowledge about medicinal plants, - cultivate a sense of responsibility for all living things that surrounds us, a sense of love for nature, - raise the level of consciousness among students towards purity in nature, - cultivate a sense of pride for our beloved Motherland, - develop attention , intelligence

Nature is everything that surrounds us and is not made by human hands.

The nature of our region is diverse, rich and beautiful!

The Urals are unique geographical region, along which the border of two continents passes: Europe and Asia. To the west of the Urals lies the West European Plain, to the east – the East Siberian Lowland. In the center of the region is the Ural mountain system. The length of the Ural Mountains is about 2500 km - from the Northern Arctic Ocean to the deserts of Kazakhstan.

In the Urals, huge areas are reserved for nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries, the area of ​​some of them is larger than the area of ​​small European states, so here nature lovers are greeted by a species diversity of both flora and fauna that has no analogues in Europe.

Woodpecker

Woodpeckers are black birds with red spots on the head and belly. They have a flexible tongue almost the same length as the beak. At the beginning of March, the woodpecker starts knocking on a tree and attracts a female. They do not build nests, but hollow out hollows. They lay from 2 to 8 eggs in them, which will lie on the dust at the bottom of the hollow. The parents take turns sitting on the eggs. The chicks are fed very often. They quickly fly from tree to tree and take out food from under the bark, using their beaks to reach the passages in which larvae and insects are located. Long tongue covered with brushes and dipped in sticky saliva, the woodpecker easily takes prey from these passages. In winter it feeds on seeds coniferous trees. To extract seeds, a woodpecker hollows out a small hole in a tree trunk, places a plucked cone in it, then peels it, removing the seeds, and throws the empty one away. It is believed that he removes 100 cones per day, and over the winter several thousand cones will lie near this place. In the spring, they hollow out birch trees and drink the sap. At the end of summer they feed on ripened berries.

Cabbage butterfly

This beautiful light butterfly can be seen on the edges, meadows, and gardens. These light creatures of nature rise into the sky to a height of 20 - 70 meters, and can reach a decent speed of 20 - 30 km/h. Body length 30 mm, covered with fine hairs, consists of head, chest and abdomen. She has 6 legs, each leg has two sharp claws. The jaws are a proboscis twisted into a spiral. When she drinks flower nectar, her proboscis straightens and her eyes are large. Long pair antennae is very sensitive. Vision and smell are well developed. Cabbage has two pairs of wings covered with scales. It feeds on the nectar of flowers, no harm to our nature. But its offspring are a disaster for gardeners. During the season, the female lays eggs 2-3 times. She will lay about 100 eggs and fly away, no longer thinking or caring about the offspring. After a week, caterpillars emerge from the eggs. They eat the juicy pulp of the leaves. It will remain in caterpillar state for 2–4 weeks. Birds are reluctant to peck cabbage caterpillars because they secrete a poisonous secretion for protection.

Grasshopper

Grasshoppers are among the oldest orders of insects, having evolved approximately 300 million years ago. Distinctive feature grasshoppers have very long antennae, exceeding the length of the body. The front pair of wings are transformed into leathery elytra. The left elytra is on top of the right. Females have an ovipositor, elongated and laterally flattened. And male grasshoppers are able to chirp by rubbing their raised wing covers against each other. The bases of the elytra contain elements of the sound apparatus. Raising its elytra, the grasshopper quickly vibrates them, increasing the sound power of the chirping. When a grasshopper raises its wings higher, its chirping sounds lower in tone, but louder. The sounds produced by males indicate that the territory is occupied or serve to attract females. Grasshoppers are predators, they feed on others small insects, for example, the Colorado potato beetle, butterfly caterpillars, which makes them useful for humans. However, they can also cause some harm, since they also consume plant foods and eat the buds and young leaves of cultivated plants. They overwinter in the soil in the egg phase, laid in small groups or singly. In spring, larvae hatch from the eggs. They develop in 50-70 days, going through 5-7 instars. Grasshoppers inhabit inconvenient areas overgrown with weeds and shrubs, usually the slopes of foothills and ravines.

May beetle

The cockchafer is one of the most famous insects. And far from the best side. Beetle larvae are terrible pests. They live in the ground, eating the roots and stems of plants. The beetle larvae are unusually voracious, and a dozen of them can destroy all the vegetation on one square meter. Adult beetles also like to eat. They gnaw off young leaves on trees. For almost all five years, the cockchafer lives underground. During the first summer it feeds on humus and grass roots. In the winter, the larvae climb to a depth of one and a half meters, and in the spring they move again closer to the roots. In the second year, the larvae feed on the roots of young trees. In the third year, the larvae reach a size of 5-6 centimeters - and are able to gnaw the root of even an adult tree. In the fourth year of life, the larva turns into a pupa, and after a month or two - into a beetle. And these young beetles continue to live underground - until next spring. And closer to May, when it gets warm and leaves appear on the trees, May beetles begin their flights.

Wasp

This insect has a striped abdomen and a pair of transparent wings. A wasp is a predatory insect. She feeds her larvae with protein foods. In each nest, the female places a living thing caught during the hunt (bee, fly, caterpillar, spider) and lays an egg in its body. Thus, the larva is provided with live food for the entire period of development. The entrance to the nest is tightly sealed, the wasp does not return to it, but immediately begins building a new nest and preparing a new insect for the next larva. The young wasp gets out on its own. Adult insects feed on flower nectar and ripe juicy fruits. Often we have to drive away these intrusive insects from jam, compotes, fruits, as well as watermelons and berries. During hot summers, wasps pose a serious threat not only to beekeepers, as they can completely destroy a bee colony, but also to humans: they are aggressive and can attack without reason. The sting of wasps is not barbed; they can sting many times. Bites to the face and mouth are very dangerous. It is recommended to apply a lotion with ammonia diluted with water, lubricate the affected area with plantain and parsley juice, apply ice, apply any antihistamine and immediately hospitalize the victim in a medical facility

Leeches

Leeches - subclass annelids. Most representatives live in fresh water bodies. . Body length different representatives varies from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. The largest representative is up to 45 cm. All leeches are predators, feeding on the blood of most warm-blooded animals or mollusks, worms, etc.; , there are also species that do not feed on blood, but swallow prey whole (for example, a mosquito larva, an earthworm). In the intestines of a leech, blood is digested slowly, and therefore, once it is full, the leech can remain without food for a long time - about a year and a half. They live mainly in fresh water or wet grass. The method of movement of leeches is interesting. There are suckers on both ends of the worm that can be used to attach it to underwater objects. The leech attaches itself to them with its front end, bends into an arc, and moves.

Bumblebee

Bumblebees are large, densely pubescent bees. These beneficial insects scurry tirelessly from flower to flower and are therefore valuable pollinators. Bumblebees have a very long proboscis, and with its help they easily reach the nectar of flowers with narrow and deep corollas. Bumblebees make nests in the ground or in another convenient place. An abandoned mouse hole, a moss hummock, a hollow, a squirrel's nest, a birdhouse - everything is suitable for this purpose. Working bumblebees have a pollen-collecting apparatus on their hind legs; it consists of a “basket” and a “brush”. By getting dirty with flower pollen, bumblebees carry it from flower to flower and pollinate plants. Bumblebees sting less painfully than wasps and bees. In addition, they are less agile and much more peaceful. Therefore, their nests are often attacked by mice, badgers, and foxes and eaten by bumblebee honey, larvae and pupae. For bumblebees, plowing and treating land with pesticides turned out to be critical factors. Flowering meadows are disappearing, fertilizers are being used - and the tireless toiling bumblebees are buzzing less and less in the spring. The number of this type of insect is at a critically low level due to intensive grazing and haymaking - both of which lead to the death of nests.

Ants

Ants, as representatives of a group of insects, are familiar to every person. They are distributed everywhere except Antarctica and the Far North. About 10 thousand species of these insects are known. Their body sizes range from 8 to 30 mm. Color ranges from light yellow to black. Most species have developed poisonous glands that secrete formic acid. Their communities are more complex than those of bees; families number up to 1 million individuals in an anthill. They also have their own pastures. They hatch aphids and milk them. These insects feed on invertebrate animals, flower nectar, mushrooms, plant seeds and aphids.

Mole

Moles are small underground animals with a body length from 4 to 20 cm. Their coat color ranges from black to dark gray. Moles' fur grows straight, which allows them to move freely underground in any direction. They weigh from 8 to 160 grams. Vision is weak, in some species the eyes are completely covered with skin, but the sense of touch and smell is very well developed. The mole digs the ground with its front paws and, unlike mice and other rodents, does not gnaw the ground with its front incisors, so it lives in places with soft soil. Moles feed on earthworms, chafers, and pupae of various butterflies. In search of food, they make long passages in the ground (at a depth of 0.5 to 2 meters) and can dig up to 60 meters of underground galleries in a day. In search of food, moles damage the roots of trees and various crops, so people try to fight them chemicals, thereby killing these cute and useful animals (the benefit of moles is that they loosen the soil, promoting its moistening and aeration, and also destroy large number pests).

Hedgehog

Approximately fifteen million years ago, hedgehogs appeared on our planet. Most of them have tails. It is short - only three centimeters, and is invisible because it hides under the needles. A hedgehog has approximately ten thousand spines. They are gradually updated every three years. The needles take quite a long time to grow, about a year. By nature, hedgehogs are blind, although they are able to distinguish colors. However, they have a keen sense of smell and incredibly acute hearing. There are thirty-six teeth in the mouth, and like humans, they can fall out as we age.

PIKE

Pike is common in fresh waters, lives in aquatic thickets, stagnant or weakly flowing waters. The length of the fish is up to 1.5 meters, weight up to 35 kg. The head is large, the mouth is wide. The color is variable, depending on the environment: depending on the nature and degree of development of the vegetation, it can be gray-green, gray-yellow, the back is darker, the sides have large brown spots. It feeds mainly on fish. Female pike begin to reproduce in the fourth, or less often the third, year of life. Spawning occurs at a temperature of +3-6 degrees immediately after the ice melts. The fish are in shallow water and splashing noisily. Depending on the water temperature, the development of eggs takes 8-14 days; the larvae that hatch from them are 6-7 mm in length. In a reservoir, the pike stays in thickets of aquatic vegetation; usually it stays there motionless and, hiding, suddenly rushes at its prey. Once caught, it is almost always swallowed from the head - if the pike grabs it across the body, then, before swallowing, it quickly turns its head into the throat. Pike are quite widely bred in pond farms. This fish is also an important object of sporting and recreational fishing.

HARE HARE

The brown hare is quite large, its body is up to 70 cm long, and it weighs from 4 to 7 kg. Its summer color is gray, slightly brownish, its coat is shiny and silky. Winter fur is slightly lighter than summer fur. The hare sheds in spring and autumn. Rusak loves open spaces: fields, meadows, edges, clearings, clearings. IN coniferous forests rarely lives. It is found near rivers, in ravines near grain fields and near villages (especially in winter). Hares are usually active at dusk and at night. During the day it lies in shallow holes under a bush, behind a fallen tree or in a haystack. It can rest in abandoned burrows of badgers, foxes and marmots. The hare runs fast, its speed is up to 50 km/h on a straight road. Confuses tracks. He can swim quite well. Like all hares, hare are quiet animals: they only utter a piercing cry when they are caught or wounded. The female calls the hares, making quiet sounds. And the hare beats his paws like a drum. They feed on shoots, bark of trees and shrubs, seeds, grass, and in the fields - sunflowers, buckwheat, vegetables, and watermelons. Brown hares live 5-7 years, some up to 10. Hares are hunted by foxes, wolves, lynxes, eagles and, of course, people. Hunters exterminate hares in large quantities, so now there are not as many brown hares as before. Hares also die because they eat crops in the fields treated with pest poisons. Scientists call for more careful treatment of these animals.

Elk

Elk is a cloven-hoofed mammal, the largest species of the deer family. The body length of an elk can reach up to three meters, and the height at the withers can be up to 2.5 meters; the length of the animal’s tail can vary from 12-15 cm. This is a very calm and peaceful animal, even despite its formidable and intimidating appearance. Moose's favorite foods are shoots of fir, pine, willow, rowan, raspberry, bird cherry, rose hip, lingonberry, and blueberry. It is estimated that elk eat approximately five tons of vegetation per year. Elk shed their antlers in December, and new ones grow by August. The most dangerous enemies for moose are: wolves in packs, bears. Moose can reach speeds of up to 56 kilometers per hour. They are excellent swimmers and can swim at speeds of up to 10 kilometers per hour. Moose can even dive and hold their breath for up to 30 seconds. Moose have extremely sensitive noses. Wolves know about this property, so when attacking they can sometimes grab the animal by the nose. The elk is paralyzed by severe pain and cannot resist the predator. Moose can be domesticated.

Lilac

Shrub up to 6m high. Blooms at the end of May. Leaves bright green, the roots are powerful. The flowers appear along with the leaves, with a strong aroma. In autumn, lilac leaves do not turn yellow and fall green. Grows well in open sunny places with low groundwater. Tolerates poor soils, but blooms profusely and forms a beautiful bush on fertile and medium-rich soils. In dry summers, young plants need to be watered. On poor soils it is necessary to feed. Regular pruning in early spring maintains the shape of the bush, and cutting off part of the flowering shoots promotes abundant flowering the following year. Leaves and flowers are used medicinally.

Birch

The word birch means “light, clear.” A genus of deciduous trees and shrubs. Birch is the most common of our deciduous species and is the most important tree species growing in forests. The bark is usually smooth, covered with a layer of cork tissue, birch bark, peeling off in thin plates, most often white, yellowish or pink, in some it is gray, brown and even black. The leaves are entire, toothed, with pinnate veins. Flowers are collected in earrings. They reproduce by seeds. The age of most representatives of the genus does not exceed 100-120 years, some trees reach 300 years. Most species are frost-resistant, undemanding to soil and light-loving. Widely used in carpentry, plywood production, the paper industry, and is used for interior decoration and all kinds of products. Tar is driven from birch bark, baskets and artistic carvings are made.

Rowan

Common mountain ash is a tree up to 20 m high. It grows in shallow coniferous areas deciduous forests, along the edges and clearings, as well as in thickets of bushes along the banks of rivers and lakes. Often divorced as ornamental plant in parks and gardens. In spring it is covered with white, cream or fragrant flowers, in summer they are attractive because of their shiny, leathery bright green leaves, which in September-October take on a stunning purple hue, going through stages of yellow and orange. And finally late autumn and in winter they are decorated with gorgeous clusters of shiny berries, ranging in color from pink, orange, bright red and brown. Rowan fruits are unusually rich in vitamin C and have long been used in home cooking to make wine, beer, jams, preserves, jellies, jelly, desserts and sauces. They taste sour and bitter, so it is recommended to consume them in finished form with added sugar. They say that rowan berries taste sweeter after the first frost, but if you plan to use them - leaving them on the branches in anticipation of these very frosts, you risk being left without berries at all, because they are a favorite delicacy of birds.

Strawberries

Wild strawberry it grows in meadows, among bushes and in cleared forests, on the edges and clearings. In our area it is especially large and juicy. The rhizome of strawberry is short, the shoots are creeping, rooting at the nodes (whiskers). Blooms in late May - early June, blooms all summer. The fruits ripen in late June - August. Strawberry leaves below are covered with silky hairs. Nature has endowed them with the ability to regulate moisture reserves in the bush. Wild strawberries are a valuable plant. This wild berry- a piggy bank of vitamins. The fruits contain substances beneficial to the human body: vitamin C, carotene, acids (malic, citric, salicylic), tannins, essential oils and trace elements: copper, manganese, chromium. There is especially a lot of iron, which is found in seeds. The leaves are rich in vitamin C and tannins. Wild strawberries are eaten in fresh, and also used for the preparation of juices, decoctions, compotes, jams, syrups, infusions. Medicinal raw materials are berries and leaves in fresh and dried form. Strawberries have long been used in folk medicine from almost all diseases. Strawberry is called the “queen” of the plant world, because it is distinguished by the richest chemical composition. It is believed that this berry contains many substances that have not yet been studied, which, perhaps, make it so healing.

Nettle

There are a great many medicinal plants on the planet, but perhaps one can be called a real leader that has received universal recognition - nettle. This is a truly unique herb, in which areas of life it is not used by humans. So, in the past, threads, ropes, fishing nets, and also produced very durable fabrics. In the 19th century, Europeans strained honey through a nettle sieve and sifted flour. Nettle increases milk yield in cattle, as well as egg production in geese and chickens. Currently, nettle is successfully used in medicine and cooking - it is part of many pharmaceutical preparations. Nettle is used for cosmetic purposes; it stops bleeding well. Nettles are used to make delicious green borscht. In the hungry war and post-war 50s, nettle, along with quinoa and sorrel, was almost the main food of barefoot children. They ate it from early spring until late autumn, and their mothers managed to prepare many dishes from this plant - cabbage soup, salads and liquid flatbreads. In our more satisfying life, nettle faded into the background and was almost completely forgotten about. But in vain, it contains so many vitamins (A, C, K, B1, B2, B3) and all kinds of microelements (copper, iron, calcium) that this plant alone can significantly replenish the daily need of the human body for them.

CHAMOMILE

Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant. The stem is erect, branched, from 20 to 60 cm high. The root is thin, taproot, slightly branched. The leaves are alternate, sessile, 2-5 cm long. Flower baskets with white petals, with yellow flowers in the middle. Blooms from May to September. It grows along the edges of fields, roadsides, wastelands and meadows. The plant is widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. . Chamomile has excellent anti-inflammatory properties; chamomile preparations are indicated for insomnia and nervous tension. Chamomile is an antiviral agent and is used for colds, with the flu. Chamomile has a very beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, relieves spasms and inflammation. Helps heal wounds and cracks. Contains: copper, selenium, zinc, malic, salicylic, nicotinic acid. Widely used in cosmetology. Relieves inflammation, redness and skin irritation

Pine

Translated from Latin, the word “pine” means “rock”. Pines are tall trees, up to 35 m, live up to 150-200 years. The trunk is slender, with red-brown, cracking bark. Pine is a light-loving plant. Pine is unpretentious to soils and can grow both on dry sand and in conditions high humidity. IN pine forests There are never trees blown over by the wind because their roots go very deep into the soil. Pine is a medicinal plant. The entire tree is rich in resin. Resin heals wounds on wood. Mature pine cones are dull. Birds feed on pine seeds. Moose feed on young pine shoots.

Bird cherry

A deciduous tree, sometimes bush-like, about 10-17 m high, with simple toothed leaves. Blooms in April-June. The flowers are white, collected in long loose drooping racemes. Fruits in July. The fruit is a round drupe, green at first, black when ripe, 8-10 mm, sweet, highly astringent.

Burdock

Burdock (burdock) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a straight, hard, elastic, tomentose stem. In the first year, very large basal leaves are formed on long, straight, succulent petioles. In the second year - a tall (up to 3 m) straight stem with small red-violet baskets of inflorescences located at the tops of the peduncles. Burdock blooms in June-August. Grows everywhere: in forests and bushes, near housing, in ditches, in wet wastelands, along roads, etc. therapeutic purpose use the roots, leaves and tops of burdock. Burdock preparations have wound-healing, diuretic and diaphoretic properties. They are used for certain skin diseases, for inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract.

Plantain

Plantain grows along roadsides - hence its name. Plantains are a food plant for many butterflies. Plantain seeds are loved by small birds. The herb and seeds of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. In folk medicine, plantain leaves are used externally for long-term non-healing wounds or ulcers. The leaves of the plant are used for cuts, abscesses, bruises, and toothache. The juice from the leaves has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect against the bites of bees, wasps, bumblebees and even snakes. This plant is used in the treatment malignant tumors gastrointestinal tract, and also as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent for diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. The seeds, which contain a lot of mucus, are used as a strong enveloping and soothing agent for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes and intestines.

Kalina

Common viburnum is a shrub 2-4 m high. “Viburnum” received its name for the color of the fruit, similar to the color of red-hot iron (heat - heat until red). Viburnum blooms from late May to July, the fruits ripen in August-September. Viburnum is a fast-growing tree. Its annual growth reaches 30-70 cm. Viburnum lives up to fifty years of age. Viburnum grows in mixed and deciduous forests, in wet meadows, along the banks of rivers, swamps, in thickets of bushes, along forest edges, lake shores, in forest clearings with wet soil. Does not like dry soils or direct light. It is considered an unpretentious plant. In 1948, it was found that Viburnum bark can serve as a medicinal raw material for obtaining a hemostatic extract. The bark is being harvested early spring when it is easier to remove. Useful properties Viburnum has all its parts: berries, seeds, bark, roots, flowers.

Tansy

Tansy is a perennial plant whose height reaches 150 centimeters. The rhizome of tansy is woody, long and branching. The plant has numerous stems that branch at the top and are slightly pubescent or glabrous. The lowest leaves of the plant are petiolate, the rest are rigid and sessile. Tansy leaves are alternate, on the upper side dark green, from the bottom - glandular with dots. Tansy's medicinal raw materials are flower baskets, which are collected during the period of full flowering. The inflorescences are cut off with flowering stems no more than 2 centimeters long. The collected raw materials are dried in a well-ventilated area or in the shade under a canopy. Dried raw materials are stored in fabric bags or cardboard boxes for no more than 2 years.

Mother and stepmother

Coltsfoot belongs to perennial herbs of the Asteraceae family. In medicine, coltsfoot leaves are used in diaphoretics and breast training, and this herb can also be used as an expectorant. The color of the flowers is golden yellow. The leaves are basal and appear after the plant has flowered, they are rounded-heart-shaped, slightly angular, quite dense, there are uneven teeth on the edge, the leaves are white-felt below and above. When you touch the leaves, they seem warm, the upper surface is bare and cold. Achenes of a coltsfoot with a tuft. Coltsfoot usually grows on clay slopes, hills, over river cliffs, all sorts of embankments, in wastelands, and fields.

fly agaric

Grows singly and in small groups from June until autumn frosts. Mushrooms are very poisonous. Moose eat them with pleasure. For forest giants they are useful. Grows in coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. They say that the fly agaric got its name because the cap of old mushrooms bends upward at the edges, forming a saucer. Water gets into this saucer and becomes poisonous to flies. Fly agaric – beautiful mushroom, Moose only eat it. Only very poisonous. And at the same time they say: - There is no more reliable texture! I ate it and no fever! Fly agaric is a medicinal mushroom; it is not poisonous to us.

Wide, free,

Birthplaces...

White birch,

My favorite,

Stands like a white candle,

She looks around:

The ripe rye nods to her,

The meadow bows to her.

It's so nice and sunny all around,

Everywhere you look

Quietly above the lake

The reeds sway.

They float along the narrow channel

Ducklings in a row.

Love Russian nature,

God bless you, my reader!

Project: “Diversity of plants of the native land” Completed by: German Novikov

Goal: "Show the diversity of the nature of the native land"

Goal: "Show the diversity of the nature of the native
edges"
Tasks
1. Take care of your native nature.
2. Man’s place in nature
3. Protect the nature of Russia

Plan:
1. Diversity of plants on Earth.
2. Plants of the forest.
3. The importance of nature for people.

Algae are inhabitants of water. Some of them are so small that they can only be seen through a microscope. Others look like thin silky threads of green

Mosses grow in damp places. They have
stems and leaves, but they have no roots,
flowers, fruits with seeds.
Ferns are easily recognized by their beautiful
leaves that look like large feathers. Except
leaves, ferns have roots and stems.
They do not have flowers, fruits or seeds.
Algae are inhabitants of water. Some of them are like this
so small that they can only be seen in
microscope. Others look thin
silky green threads. Still others
(For example: seaweed) similar to
long brown ribbons.

Flowering plants are plants that have flowers and fruits. They have all other parts: roots, stems, leaves. These plants are most often

conifers
Coniferous plants are pine, spruce,
juniper, etc. Needles are
their leaves! Conifers do not have
flowers and fruits. In place of fruits
they have cones in which
the seeds ripen.

Forest plants

Birch
Chamomile

Conclusion:
* It’s so good that there are plants on Earth!
* How much joy they bring us
beauty!
*They release oxygen into the air
necessary for the breathing of living beings.
* For animals, plants are both home and

Lesson type: conference

Target

— formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person’s place in it based on the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value understanding personal experience communication with people and nature;

Problem:

What do you know about the nature of your native land?

Tasks:

teach to discover relationships between living and inanimate nature, use the atlas-identifier, use the textbook and other sources of information to search for answers and questions, explanations, and prepare your own messages.

Subject results

They will learn to compile and present the “Book of Nature of their Native Land.”

Universal learning activities(UUD)

Regulatory: determine the purpose and stages of work; transform a practical task into a cognitive one. compilation of the “Book of Nature of the Native Land”.

Cognitive: usage in various ways search (in reference sources and open educational information space Internet), collection, processing, analysis, organization, transmission and interpretation of information.

Communicative:

willingness to listen to the interlocutor and engage in dialogue; express your opinion and argue your point of view and assessment of events

Personal results

Recognize the value of nature and the need to be responsible

responsibility for its conservation, to follow the rules of environmentally friendly behavior in the natural environment.

Basic concepts and definitions

Concepts learned

Conference “My Small Motherland”

Nature Middle lane Russia

Kirov region

Nature of Vyatka.

The project on the surrounding world was prepared by the 3rd grade student of the Pikhtovsky Secondary School Zubkova, the 3rd grade student of the Pikhtovsky Secondary School Alena Zubkova, under the guidance of a primary teacher Alena, under the guidance of a primary teacher of the native land "native land" classes Zubkova L.V. classes of Zubkova L.V. "Diversity of nature" Diversity of nature

get to know the diversity of the animal world of Novosibirsk get to know the diversity of the animal world of Novosibirsk expanding ideas about the diversity of the animal world expanding ideas about the diversity of the animal world Hypothesis: I assume that if we know more about I assume that if we know more about Hypothesis: our native region, then we will be more careful about our native land, then we will be more careful about its Goal of the project: Goal of the project: region. areas. Project objectives: Project objectives: NSO. NSO. wealth. wealth.

IN different parts The nature of the globe is different. In Russia, in different places, nature can be different, very different from the nature of other places. That's why native nature for each person its own. This is our Novosibirsk region.

IN Novosibirsk region In the Novosibirsk region, Kudryashovsky pine forest is famous for its beauty. Kudryashovsky pine forest is famous for its beauty.

There are beautiful deciduous forests in the Novosibirsk region and beautiful deciduous forests in the Novosibirsk region

The fauna of the Novosibirsk region The fauna of the Novosibirsk region is very rich and diverse very rich and diverse  Here you can see various Here you can see various animals, hear birds singing. animals, hear birds singing. Many animals and birds are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. Novosibirsk region. Red Book

Brown bear Brown bear Body length 130200 cm, weight Body length 130200 cm, weight 100350 kg. 100350 kg.  In the fall, the weight of the bear mayIn the fall, the weight of the bear may increase. The feet of the brown legs increase. The feet of a brown bear are very wide, the bear's toes are very wide, and the toes are armed with long, curved claws. claws.  The bear has 40 teeth. Wool A bear has 40 teeth. The coat is long, dense and coarse, usually long, dense and coarse, usually a single color. Single-color painting. Color ranges from brownish-yellow to dark brownish-yellow to dark brown or completely black. Males are either completely black. Males are much larger than females. much larger than females.  The brown bear is very sensitive and the Brown bear is very sensitive and careful, avoids people, careful, avoids people, so it is possible to ambush him, therefore it is possible to ambush him very rarely. very rarely.

Elk Elk  Elk is a very large, strong and Elk is a very large, strong and beautiful animal. Body height is a beautiful animal. The body height of the moose is 235 centimeters, the elk is 235 centimeters, and the length is about 3 meters. This length is about 3 meters. This giant weighs from 350 to 550 giant weighs from 350 to 550 kilograms. Elk are characterized by a kilogram. Elk are characterized by large antlers. big horns.  This is his realThis is his real pride and distinctive pride and distinctive feature. The weight of one horn is a dash. The weight of one horn is 25 kilograms. Po is 25 kilograms. The shape of a horn resembles a branch or the shape of a horn resembles a branch or a shovel. Horns are present only on the spade. Only males have horns. The legs of the animal are male. The animal's legs are long and strong. Elk are also long and strong. Elk are also excellent swimmers. knows how to swim very well.

Squirrel Squirrel  The squirrel has a slender, small body. The squirrel has a slender, small body. Its length ranges from 20 to body. Its length ranges from 20 to 40 centimeters. The tail is fluffy and 40 centimeters long. The tail is fluffy, and its length is equal to the length of the body. Rarely is its length equal to the length of the body. It is rare to find squirrels weighing more than 1 kilogram. exceeds 1 kilogram.  This animal has perfectly This animal has perfectly developed hind limbs, developed hind limbs, allowing it to make long, allowing it to make long jumps of up to 4 meters. The tail helps jumping up to 4 meters. The tail helps maintain or change the balance of the body to maintain or change the balance of the body during a jump. during the jump.  Color changes depending onThe color changes depending on the seasons. In summer their fur is red, according to the seasons. In summer their fur is red, and in winter it changes to gray, and in winter it changes to gray, with a bluish tint. bluish tint.

WolfWolf  Common wolf (or gray wolf) – The common wolf (or gray wolf) is a large beast of prey. Body length is a large predatory animal. The body length of an adult wolf can reach 180; an adult wolf can reach 180 cm, and the height is 90 cm. The weight of the wolf is from 30 cm, and the height is 90 cm. The weight of the wolf is from 30 to 50 kg, some of the largest are up to 50 kg, some of the largest animals can weigh up to 80 animals can weigh up to 80 kilograms. Female wolves are usually. Female wolves are usually kilograms smaller than male wolves. The wolf's muzzle is smaller than that of male wolves. The wolf's muzzle is elongated, its teeth are sharp and strong. The paws are elongated, the teeth are sharp and strong. The paws are quite long, the claws are not very long, the claws are not very sharp, as they wear off during running. The coat is usually light grey, The coat is usually light grey, running. sometimes with a black, white or reddish tint, sometimes with a black, white or reddish tint. With age, the coat color changes. As a wolf ages, its coat color can change greatly. a wolf's appearance can change greatly.

Fox Fox  The fox is one of the most beautiful The fox is one of the most beautiful predatory animals. She has a graceful carnivore. She has a graceful elongated body, slender legs, an elongated body, slender legs, a long fluffy tail. Head with a long fluffy tail. The head has a pointed muzzle and large pointed muzzle and large erect ears. The size of a fox with the size of a fox with erect ears. small dog. Body length of a small dog. The body length of an adult is from 60 to 90, the adult is from 60 to 90 cm, the tail length is from 40 to 60 cm. Weight is cm, the tail length is from 40 to 60 cm. The weight of a fox usually does not exceed 10 kg. foxes usually do not exceed 10 kg. The fox's fur is long and fluffy, but the fox's fur is long and fluffy, mostly colored red. Mostly colored red. The belly is often white, less often - The belly is often white, less often - black. During the year the fox is twice black. During the year, foxes molt twice, changing their fur to winter fur - they molt, changing their fur to winter fur - thick and long, then to summer fur - thick and long, then to summer fur - sparse and short. rare and short.

HareHare  The body of the hare The body of the hare is slender, slightly compressed slender, slightly compressed laterally, its length in some species from the sides, its length in some species reaches 6870 cm. The weight of a hare can reach 6870 cm. The weight of a hare can exceed 7 kg. The ears reach more than 7 kg. The ears reach a length of 9 to 15 cm. Thanks to the ears, the length is from 9 to 15 cm. Thanks to the ears, the hare's hearing is better developed than the hare's hearing is better developed than the sense of smell and vision. Hind limbs Hind limbs sense of smell and vision. the hare has long feet and the hare has long feet and the front ones are more developed. The speed is more developed than the front ones. The speed of a hare can reach 80 km/h. And the hare can reach 80 km/h. And the ability to suddenly change the ability to suddenly change the direction of running and jump sharply in the direction of running and jump sharply to the side allows these animals to side allows these animals to get rid of the pursuit of enemies: get rid of the pursuit of enemies: wolves, foxes wolves run up the slopes, but down they run up along the slopes, but you have to go head over heels down. you have to go head over heels. foxes, owls. . Hares are good Hares are good

Project goals:

-to form students’ ideas about the diversity of the animal world,

To introduce the characteristics of groups of animals and plants,

To cultivate a sense of responsibility for all living things that surround us,

Develop logical thinking, imagination, observation,

To promote a caring attitude towards the environment, the development of moral and aesthetic qualities

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PROJECT of Darina Shabaeva, 3-B grade student of Municipal Educational Institution “School-Gymnasium No. 6” on the topic: “Nature of her native land”

NATURE Nature is everything that surrounds us and is not made by human hands. It is divided into living and non-living.

Variety of nature

CONNECTION BETWEEN LIVING AND NON-LIVING NATURE

Plants of our region

Animals of our region

THE AMAZING ANIMAL AND PLANT WORLD OF OUR REGION

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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The nature of the native land. The presentation was prepared by 3-B grade student Tungulin Yuri.

To the Roman deer

The Crimean red deer is an inhabitant of the Crimean forest. This is a large and trusting animal. The Crimean deer is almost no different from its relatives inhabiting Europe. An adult male Crimean deer grows up to 1.4 meters high at the withers, up to 2.3 m long, and its weight reaches 260 kg. The male's head is decorated with branched antlers; the age of the deer can be determined by its length and thickness. Females are smaller than males and do not have horns.

For most of the year, deer stay in small herds; in winter the herds are larger. This makes it easier for animals to get food. When snow falls in the mountains, deer descend from the yayla, from beech forests to oak forests, pine forests of the South Bank, to gardens and floodplain thickets. There is more food here, it is easier to get it out from under the snow and shelter from bad weather.

Crimean deer eats more than 130 species of plants, including about forty species of trees and shrubs. Deer especially love the leaves and buds of oak, beech, ash, hornbeam, aspen, dogwood, and fruit trees.

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POISONOUS PLANTS OF THE CRIMEA Student of grade 3-B of Municipal Educational Institution School-Gymnasium No. 6, Dzhankoy Kondratyev Andrey, Dzhankoy 2016

Colchicum Colchicum, or winterer (lat. Colchicum) is a genus of plants from the Colchicum family. It can be found in the forest glades of the mountainous Crimea. Blooms in late August and September. Six light purple or pink petals appear on its thin stem.

Datura common Folk names: Datura stinking, water drunk, crazy potion, stupefying grass, crazy grass. Datura is easy to recognize: it is short, with soft, felt-like leaves, and has large white flowers that look like gramophones. Datura in Crimea is used as an ornamental plant, despite the fact that it is very poisonous. Even the ancient Peruvians knew about its anesthetic properties. Datura fruits are green boxes with thorns. The seeds and capsules contain alkaloids that cause severe hallucinations, impaired memory and spatial orientation.

Ash tree (Burning bush) In summer, ash tree can be distinguished by its small pinkish flowers. It is very important to be able to distinguish this bush. He can get caught in the forest or in a clearing when you go hiking. Avoid it: the ash tree stings so much that no nettle can hold a candle to it. Scars and spots remain for a year!

Henbane Henbane, blekota, mad grass, rabid grass, toothworm, scab (lat. Hyoscyamus niger) is a biennial herbaceous plant from the nightshade family. In “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish,” the old man exclaims: “Why, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?” (when his cantankerous old woman wanted to become a queen). Yeah, you shouldn’t eat henbane.