Climatic conditions in different parts of Latvia. Latvia

The climate in Latvia is cold and temperate. Latvia has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true even for a dry month. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Dfb.

classification f¨r Latvia

Riga

The climate in the city of Riga is close to cold temperate. Is a large number of precipitation in Riga, even in the driest month. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Dfb. Average annual temperature is 6.4 °C in Riga. The average annual precipitation is 648 mm.

diagrams

Daugavpils

The climate in the city of Daugavpils is cold and temperate. The rainfall in Daugavpils is significant, with precipitation even during the driest month. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Dfb. Average annual temperature in the city of Daugavpils - 5.7 °C. About 647 mm of precipitation falls per year.

diagrams

Click one of the charts for more information.

Liepaja

Generally, it is cold and temperate in Liepaja. Liepaja has significant rainfall throughout the year. Even during the most dry month there is a lot of precipitation. The climate here is classified as Dfb by the Köppen-Geiger system. The average annual temperature in the city of Liepaja is 6.8 °C. The average annual precipitation is 691 mm.

diagrams

Click one of the charts for more information.

Jelgava

The city of Jelgava has a moderately cold climate. Jelgava has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true even for the dry month. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Dfb. The average temperature here is 6.5 ° C. The average annual precipitation is 642 mm.

diagrams

Click one of the charts for more information.

Jurmala

The climate in the city of Jurmala is close to a cold temperate climate. Jurmala has significant rainfall throughout the year. Even during the driest month there is a lot of rainfall. This site is classified as Dfb by Köppen and Geiger. The average temperature here is 6.4 ° C. About 644 mm of precipitation falls annually.

is a Baltic country located in the western part of the East European Plain. The area of ​​Latvia is 64,589 square kilometers. The length of the borders of Latvia is 1,382 kilometers.

In the north, Latvia borders on Estonia, and in the south, the borders of Latvia and Lithuania, as well as Latvia and Russia, Latvia and Belarus touch. In the western part, Latvia has access to the Baltic Sea. Coastline extends over 498 kilometers. In the north of the country there is the Kurzeme Peninsula with Cape Kolkasrags. The Moonsund Islands, separating the Gulf of Riga from the Baltic Sea, belong to Estonia.

Latvia owns 12 nautical miles territorial waters, as well as the continental shelf. The landscape of Latvia is mostly represented by plains and small hills, the height of which ranges from 100 to 200 meters above sea level. Along the Baltic coast there is a long lowland, the width of which in different places ranges from 2 to 50 kilometers.

In the western part of Latvia there is the Kurzeme Upland, the height of which reaches 184 meters above sea level. The Venta River divides the Kurzeme Upland into two parts: East Kurzeme and West Kurzeme. Lowlands and weakly expressed uplands in Latvia transform into each other in the eastern part, where the Central Latvian lowland, rising, becomes the Vidzeme Upland with the peak of Gaizinkalns. The height of this mountain is only about 312 meters, but Gaizinkalns is nevertheless the highest point in Latvia.

In the north-east direction there is the North Latvian Lowland, which in its southern part passes into the East Latvian Lowland. The East Latvian lowland with a swampy central part (Luban lowland) separates two uplands: Latgale and Vidzeme. The Latgale Upland is based on such hills as Lielais Liepukalns (its height is approximately 289 meters) and Dzierkali kalns (its height is 286 meters).

The most significant river in Latvia is the Daugava (Western Dvina), and total Latvian rivers reach 700. Also large rivers of Latvia are Venta, Lielupe and Gauja.

The country has 5 nature reserves, over 90 parks (including 2 arboretums: Skriversky and Kazdansky), as well as 3 national natural park: Slitere, Razna and Gauja.

Climate

The climate of Latvia, maritime in coastal areas and continental in the central part of the country, is characterized by fairly high annual precipitation (from 500 to 800 millimeters).

Quantity sunny days during the year is not so long: from 30 to 40 days. The month in which the least precipitation usually falls and the number of sunny days reaches an annual maximum is May. Winds in Latvia are predominantly south-westerly.

IN summer months It's quite cool in Latvia, average temperature air from June to August is approximately +18 °C. However, winters here are mild; in the coldest month of the year, January, the air temperature usually stays at −5 °C. Natural anomalies, when severe frosts or extreme heat occur in Latvia, occur extremely rarely.

Capital of Latvia: Riga.

Big cities: Daugavpils, Liepaja, Cesis, Sigulda.

Introduction

The territory of Latvia is small, but still natural conditions rocks,
relief, climate, water, soil, vegetation and animal world in different
parts are different.

For successful study geography of Latvia in lessons and performing various
assignments you must use this abstract, geographical atlas
And contour map. The abstract is illustrated with photographs and diagrams. They
will help create a visual image of Latvian nature. Read the text at
parts, trying to understand the essence of the content.

In the text you will find geographical names, concepts and terms.

Climate-forming factors

The territory of Latvia is located in a temperate climate zone, in the region
climate Western Europe to the temperate continental climate of Eastern
Europe.

Geographical position of the state between water spaces
Atlantic Ocean and continental spaces of Eurasia,
fairly flat terrain and the absence of nearby mountain systems,
hindering the advancement air masses, determine climate
features of its territory.

In Latvia, westerly winds prevail. Air traffic
mass determines the circulation of the atmosphere on the territory of the state and
weather differences throughout the year. Temperate air masses predominate
latitudes (usually maritime, less often continental); often penetrate and
Arctic air masses.

Latvia? the edge of cyclones that invade here from the west up to 180-200 times
in year.

They bring sea air masses from the Atlantic. Well connected with this
expressed marine features climate - small range of average temperatures
summer and winter, instability of weather conditions, increased number
atmospheric precipitation. Cyclones are the cause of frequent cloudy weather (in
on average 160–180 days a year).

Anticyclones come from the east, which in summer bring drier and
hot weather, and in winter? colder and sunnier. Upon invasion
arctic air masses in winter there is a sharp decrease
temperatures (up to -25 ? 30? C). The action of anticyclones is observed 150–160
days a year.

The territory of Latvia is characterized by frequent changes in air masses. For example,
An average of 170 atmospheric dandies pass over Riga during the year
(especially in February, July and October). Atmospheric fronts often
are accompanied by strong winds, so the maximum is observed in autumn
storms in February? maximum snowstorms, and in July? greatest number
days with thunderstorms.

It is known that geographic latitude– the main climate-forming factor,
because the distribution depends on it solar radiation. From the latitude of the place
The length of the day also depends different time of the year. In winter (20?25
December) is the sun's height above the horizon the smallest? around 9?10? , in the summer
(20?25 June) highest 55?57?. Time from sunrise to sunset in
December? 6–7 hours, and in June – 17–18 hours. Changes accordingly
magnitude of solar radiation. The influx of solar radiation is affected by
cloudy– earth's surface in this case gets scattered
radiation. In December this is about 0.5?0.6 kcal per 1cm?, in June?
up to 15kcal per 1cm?. But the difference in average temperatures in December (-3? C) and June
(+16? C) is not as great as the difference in solar radiation.
Does the atmospheric circulation factor make significant adjustments? predominant
winds from the west and coming from the Atlantic Ocean
air masses that have a great warming effect
North Atlantic Current. They significantly (by 7?9?) increase winter
temperatures and slightly (by 2?3?) lower summer temperatures? compared with
temperatures that would be determined only by the magnitude of the solar
radiation.

Differences in average temperatures at different points in Latvia
small. The average annual temperature is +6.2? C. The coldest
Is January the warmest month? July. Average January temperature
decreases from west to east (with distance from the sea). On the coast
of the Baltic Sea it is

3?C in the middle part of Latvia is -5?C, and in the eastern part - -7?C. Average
July temperature in the same direction increases slightly (from 16.5? C to
in the west to 17.5? C in the east). Temperature differences in direction from
north to south are almost not expressed, because the difference in latitude is small.
At higher elevations the average air temperature is lower than at lowlands.

Marine air masses and cyclones? reason for the increased annual
amount of precipitation. The distribution of precipitation throughout the year depends on
directions of wind and air masses prevailing during the bottom season.
The greatest amount of precipitation is less than in summer and autumn. Spring?
the driest time of the year.

The distribution of annual precipitation depends mainly on
relief. How many of them are there in the lowlands? 550–600 mm per year, at
at elevations 700–800 mm per year, and on the western slope of the Vidzeme
hills? even up to 850 mm per year. Least precipitation in
Zemgale plain. This is because Kursk and Zhamaiti (Lithuania)
elevations delay entry to the Zemgale Plain
southwestern and western air flows. Having crossed these
hills, air masses descend down the slopes. Wherein
their temperature rises and relative humidity decreases.

Annual precipitation, especially during the growing season
period, exceeds evaporation, which contributes to abundant nutrition
internal waters, waterlogging, leaching of humus from the soil
(podzolization).

Seasons.

Consequences of prevailing westerly winds and sea air masses
high cyclonicity are the softness of winter, the coolness of summer,
instability of the timing and duration of the season,
long duration of transition seasons, significant retreats
from long-term weather conditions at any time of the year.

Autumn in Latvia begins in September with the first frosts and frequent
fogs. Autumn frosts in the northeastern regions begin at
early September, at central regions- in the middle of the month, and at
coast of the Baltic Sea - at the end of September. If the average temperature
September?1013?, then in October it drops to 58°C. Trees and
shrubs acquire autumn outfit frost colors their leaves
in bog-red and lemon-yellow colors. Lead clouds, gusts of wind,
long rains are the prevailing autumn weather in Latvia.
The average air temperature in November ranges from +3 to –1°C. IN
in the middle of the month in most of the territory of Latvia there is
formation of snow cover.

Winter usually arrives in late November early December and sets in
gradually. The first half of winter is always mild and cloudy. It's connected with
the passage of warm atmospheric dandies, which are accompanied
cloudiness, fog, ice and drizzle, heavy snowfalls,
sometimes it rains. The second half of winter is colder. With the northern
northeastern and east winds the temperature sometimes drops to
–27°С in the west and up to –38°С in the east, but such frosts occur far away
not every year. The depth of snow cover in the western regions does not exceed
2030 cm, and in the eastern regions 3050 cm. On the Baltic coast more
half, and in the east of Latvia about one third of all winter days
the temperature is kept above 0°. From February to March the air warms up
at 23°C. Calm cloudy weather is observed in the first half of March
and mild frosts. At the end of March the average temperature is already above 0°,
The snow begins to melt and melt.

Spring begins when the average daily temperature becomes higher
0°. Spring in Latvia is cool and long. Warm days change
cold snaps. This is due to the fact that north and northwest winds
often brought by arctic air masses. Melting and melting of snow
cover lasts almost a month. In April the average daily temperature
exceeds +5°С, and by mid-May the air warms up above 10°С. Spring
the sunniest and driest time of the year.

Summers are moderately warm and rainy. The average temperature in June reaches
1315°C, and in July 1618°C. Summer temperatures are determined by the magnitude
solar radiation, which depends on the height of the sun and the duration
day. However, intrusions of sea air masses and cyclones reduce
air temperature in summer. During the summer, up to 400-500 mm of precipitation falls
(70% of the annual amount) it rains on average 1218 days per year
month. In the second half of summer, southern and southeastern winds bring
dry warm continental air masses. Installed dry and
sunny weather. In summer there are usually 20-30 sunny days.

Climatic regions

The territory of Latvia is small, but there are quite large
differences climatic conditions. The basis for dividing the territory into
climatic regions serve differences in the ratio of solar heat and
moisture during the growing season (exceeding the average daily
temperature +10C). This climatic zoning is most important for
Agriculture. The boundaries of agroclimatic regions generally coincide
with the boundaries of lowlands and hills, which once again indicates
great influence of relief on climate. The territory of Latvia is divided into four
climatic regions and eight subdistricts.

Agroclimatic regions and subregions of Latvia

Natural areas of Latvia

The territory of Latvia is small, there are no sharp natural contrasts, but
there is no monotony either. Low-lying areas of flat plains alternate with
undulating hills. Large swamps are replaced by pine and spruce
or mixed forests, fields and meadows. Due to differences in natural
relief components, geological structure, climate, inland waters,
soil, vegetation and fauna formed large natural
territorial complexes. With the development of human society to
natural landscapes have been joined by anthropogenic landscapes,
resulting from economic activity person.

Using the results of the latest physical and geographical studies
developed in the late 80s new scheme integrated zoning
Latvia. 15 large natural territorial complexes have been identified,
which are divided into 65 districts.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the geological structure, relief and climate, in
Latvia has been divided into 4 groups of natural areas: Primorsky Lowland,
Western Latvia, Central Latvia, Eastern Latvia.

Primorskaya Lowland

Along the entire coast of the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga, where it is narrow and
where the Primorskaya Lowland stretches as a wider strip. At the end
ice age, the waters of ancient pools splashed over it
Baltic Sea. The boundaries of the lowland are determined taking into account the origin
relief and climatic features. In some places the border of Primorskaya
The lowland forms a swell-like slope - this is an ancient seashore.

Narrow sandy beaches stretch along almost the entire coastline of Latvia.
a coastal strip where sand is deposited as a result of the action of the surf.
The width of the beach ranges from 30 to 1500 m. Excessive extraction of sand, gravel
and pebbles from the bottom of the Daugava, Bullupe, Lielupe, Gauja and Venta rivers violates
natural balance - these rivers no longer bring sediment to
Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga. As a result, the width is sharply reduced
beach

The Primorska Lowland has the longest frost-free period in Latvia and
the mildest winter, so they preserved here rare plants, which
not in the rest of the territory. This is Erica crucifolia, mistletoe, ivy
common, common hornbeam, yew berry, etc. Combination of sandy
beaches, sea, therapeutic mud, mineral waters and pine forest
favorable for the development of resort facilities, recreation and treatment of people.

Taking into account the features of the landscape, the Primorskaya Lowland is divided into
the following districts: Bartavskaya, Piemarskaya, Ventavskaya, Irvskaya,
Enguri and Rigavi plains, Vidzeme coast.

Western Latvia

This natural area includes Western Kursskaya, North Kursskaya and
East Kursk Upland, Kursk Lowland and southwestern
part of the Central Latvian Lowland.

The Kursk lowland forms undulating and flat lowlands, composed of
sandy, clayey and moraine deposits. Kursk lowland
consists of the districts: Priventskaya and Ugalskaya plains. The largest one flows
Kurzeme River - Venta, which collects water from the entire lowland area.

In the lowland area there is largest lake Kurzeme – Usmas. On
It has several islands – Moritssala, Viskuzhu, Lielaksnite, Mazalksnite.
There are about 1.5 thousand plant species here.

The Western Kursk Upland is the highest part of Western Latvia.
The terrain is predominantly hilly. The relative height reaches 30 m.
Highest point – Krievukalns (189.5 m)

The West Kursk Upland stands in the way of moist air masses.
The southern slope of the hill is one of the most picturesque corners of Latvia.
The upland includes the following districts: Kurmal, Bandav and Embut
hillocks, the Aprik plain and the Vartai undulating plain.

In the northern part of western Latvia stretches the North Kurskaya
elevation. From the side of the Primorskaya Lowland, the border of the upland
forms a steep cliff of Zilie-Kalny (the shore of the Baltic glacial
lakes). The hill consists of the districts: Dundaga and Vannem.

The Vannema hillock is covered with a thick layer of Quaternary sediments,
which reach their maximum thickness in the vicinity of Talsi (88 m) and
Tukumsa (70 m). Between these cities stretches a ridge of hills
Kamparkalns (174 m) is located near the town of Talsi. Between the hills
The mirrors of lakes shine in deep depressions.

The East Kursk Upland is located between Kursk, Primorsk and
Central Latvian lowlands. The western part is dominated by wavy
relief. Only in the east and south is the terrain height slightly higher than 155 m
(Kīkerkalns).

Bedrock (sandstone, dolomite, limestone) lies shallow or
exposed along the banks of river valleys and lakes.

On the western slope of the hill, 600–700 mm of precipitation falls per year, and
in the rest of the territory –500 – 600 mm. Duration of growing season
period – 185–200 days.

Water from the northern and eastern parts of the hill is collected by Abava from its
tributaries of the Viesate, Imula and Amul. Particularly interesting and picturesque is the ancient
Abava valley. Rivers collect water from the central part of the hill
Riezupe, Ciecere and Zanya. Lakes are located in the subglacial pothole
Ildzes, Luknas, Brocenu and Tsietseres.

There are few forests large areas occupy fields and many gardens.

The south-eastern edge of Western Latvia is occupied by the Vadaksta Plain,
being part of the Central Latvian Lowland. She's covered
Quaternary deposits 610 m thick. The relief is monotonous,
wavy, in places the surface is indented by sublatial hollows.

The climate of Latvia is relatively stable and fluctuates as you move to the west and north-west of the country from continental to softer maritime. A clear picture is observed: the closer to the Baltic Sea, the higher the air temperature. It should be noted that the Atlantic has a rather strong influence on the country’s climate. Frequent winds coming from there carry with them a considerable amount of precipitation - about 600-800 mm per year. Sadly, the country does not offer sunny days: almost 300 days a year the sky is overcast. The warmest and sunny month in the year - May.

The Latvian summer is very different in its temperature indicators from the generally accepted temperature indicators in Central and Western Europe. Yes, on larger territory In Latvia, the average summer temperature does not exceed 20 degrees Celsius. It is worth considering the fact that summer is not only cool, but also quite rainy. Temperature above 25 degrees in summer period considered abnormally high.

Climate of Latvia by region

Formally, Latvia can be divided into three main regions: Central, Western and Eastern.

To the Central region This traditionally includes the capital of Latvia – Riga and the entire Riga region (Jurmala, Jelgava and 27 other regions). The climate in this region is very mild. Winter is surprisingly warm: the temperature is rarely below zero, and there is often a thaw and even above-zero temperatures. But the Gulf of Riga, nevertheless, is covered with a crust of ice.

In summer, the weather is quite favorable with partly cloudy and a small amount precipitation: the thermometer rises to 18-20 degrees with a plus sign. Sometimes the weather pleasantly surprises and then the thermometer even rises to 25 degrees. The water on the Riga seaside cannot be called warm enough for swimming: it only reaches +18.

To the Western region includes Ventspils and Liepaja. The climate in this region is slightly warmer compared to the first. But, unlike Central, in Western region there are frequent winds and a considerable amount of precipitation in the autumn winter period. The Baltic Sea in this region is almost never covered with ice, and the water warms up to +18 degrees.

To the Eastern region include Daugavpils, Rezekne. Here there is a pronounced continental climate . In winter, frosts are a frequent occurrence here and almost throughout the entire winter there is a thick snow cover on the surface of the earth. But summer in the Eastern region pleases with frequent sunny days and almost complete absence rains.

Tourist seasons in the country

In Latvia there are 4 pronounced tourist season according to the seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.

Winter in Latvia almost snowless, but traditionally it begins by the end of January high season on ski resorts Latvia - Madonna and Sigulda. And it lasts until the end of February.

Special mention should be made winter holidays. As throughout Europe, as well as in post-Soviet space, celebrated noisily and cheerfully in Latvia New Year and Christmas: in Riga and Jurmala, there are festively decorated Christmas trees on almost every street, beautiful garlands hang everywhere, holiday fairs open, etc.

If you want to cheer up on New Year's Eve and get a boost of energy, joy and fun without unnecessary portions of alcohol, you can safely go to the capital of Latvia. There you will find a beautiful winter city with medieval castles, cozy small taverns with delicious food and fireplaces, magnificent fireworks at midnight and snow-covered romantic streets.

Advice. Almost the entire winter period in Latvia is a time for Christmas discounts in stores. By the way, many of them work even on the night of December 31st until the clock strikes midnight.

Spring- it's time for flowers, warm days and a lot of sunshine. Like in Russia, Latvia celebrates, albeit unofficially, the holiday of March 8th. On this day, men delight the fair half of humanity with flowers, gifts, shows, concerts, etc.

The end of April - the beginning of May is not yet beach season, but the weather is already quite consistently warm, but prices in stores and hotels are “winter-style” low. Therefore, the month of May can be considered the most successful time to travel to the country. Moreover, you can get to one of the holidays celebrated on a grand scale in Latvia - May 1 or May 4 (Independence Day).

Summer– traditionally swimming season and holiday time summer solstice(Ligo), celebrated June 23-24. On these (officially) weekends, local residents, actively joined by tourists, go out into nature for barbecues, weave wreaths from oak branches and wildflowers, and sing Latvian folk songs. The traditional holiday dish is cheese with cumin, served with beer.

The beach season on river and lake coasts begins immediately after the end of the Ligo holiday. By this time the weather is pleasantly warm and sunny. On sea ​​coast the season starts a little later - by mid-July, when the water heats up to its peak - 23 degrees plus.

Latvian autumn“Pushkin style” is beautiful: warm, long, golden. “Indian summer” lasts here for an unusually long time - right up to the end of October. And for tourists, this period is good because from the beginning of October prices in hotels, spa complexes and other establishments providing tourism services. For lovers of long walks (and not only) local travel companies offer luxurious excursion country tours that will allow you to fully enjoy the beautiful autumn views and bask in the pleasant summer sun.

Clothing: what to take with you to Latvia

Since Latvia is a country with a rather changeable climate, you should make sure you have the necessary things in your suitcase. If you are planning a trip in winter, it is not necessary to stock up on very warm clothes, since winter, as you already know, is mild in the country. A warm down jacket and comfortable warm shoes will be enough. When traveling in the summer, be sure to take at least one windbreaker and an umbrella with you, otherwise a sudden summer (and rather cool) evening rain may take you by surprise.

When traveling to the coast, be sure to bring a large beach towel and beach slippers. It is also advisable to stock up on at least a couple of swimsuits, since in the Latvian climate one simply will not dry out by the next day.

Latvia is a country with a moderate pace of life and reserved, but very friendly Latvians. It is important to know what language the locals speak. Latvians speak Russian fluently. You can also communicate with them in English without any problems. But when traveling to the Latvian outback, it’s worth stocking up on a dictionary.

Those who like to spend a lot of time in boutiques of clothes, shoes, etc. should not expect a particularly successful shopping experience in this country. But in local markets and small shops you can buy clothes from the “eco-standard” series, made entirely from natural materials: linen, yarn and hand-made leather of excellent quality.

Among Latvian souvenirs, the undoubted “leader” is high-quality products made from the “sun stone” - amber. But be very careful: untreated amber is prohibited from being exported outside the Republic of Latvia.

Feature national cuisine is the simplicity and at the same time unusualness of the dishes, which, nevertheless, will surprise you with their taste. Tourists who have visited Latvia especially note such dishes as putra (porridge with fish), klops (steak with onion sauce), etc. While in Latvia, be sure to try at least one of the local cheeses, bread ice cream, and for drinks - the famous Riga balm and beer.

Weather in Latvia by month

Winter in Latvia

December winter has not yet fully entered into its force. The temperature often fluctuates around 0 degrees. But the air humidity this month is the highest of the year - about 90%.

In January the biggest “minus” is observed: about 5-7 degrees below zero, accompanied by a rather unpleasant and strong wind. Moreover, in to a greater extent, this applies to the mountainous regions of the country. By the middle of the month there is already snow in the country.

In February winter still pleases with a white “fluffy carpet” of snow, but the temperature is gradually rising above zero and fog appears.

Spring in Latvia

In March, the winter cold still makes itself felt, but the humidity level gradually drops. Snow is observed almost nowhere (except in mountain resorts). The average air temperature is about 3-4 degrees plus.

In April, the cold recedes very quickly and stably warm and dry weather sets in (about +10 degrees).

In May, the air temperature rises to +15+18 degrees. I can feel summer approaching. The humidity level is the lowest for the entire year.

Summer in Latvia

average temperature June– 18 degrees Celsius. The weather is practically no different from May, with the exception of warmer river and lake water (+15+16 degrees).

In July The weather remains consistently dry, with only occasional short but heavy rains. The average air temperature is about 20 degrees plus.

The peak of the summer season in Latvia is considered August, since the air can warm up to 20-23 degrees Celsius, as can water (even sea water). Rain is a fairly common occurrence.

Autumn in Latvia

September October- it's time " Indian summer" During this period there is a stable warm weather with rare but heavy rains. The average air temperature is about 15-20 degrees Celsius.

In November the air temperature begins to rapidly approach zero. Air humidity rises sharply. The weather becomes very damp and dank.

Weather in cities and resorts by month

Riga

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	But I	Dec
Average maximum, °C	-2	-2	3	10	16	20	22	21	16	10	4	0
Average minimum, °C	-8	-8	-5	1	6	10	12	12	8	4	-1	-4

Latvia

The Republic of Latvia is located in the northern part of Europe, neighboring the other Baltic countries. The area of ​​the territory occupies 64.6 km2. Washed in the west Baltic Sea, and in the north - by the waters of the Gulf of Riga. The capital of Latvia is located on the banks of the Daugava River. In addition to the Daugava, the country has 700 rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea and 3 thousand lakes, most of which are of glacial origin. 10% of the territory was occupied by swamps.

The relief of Latvia is represented by plains with hills up to 200 m above sea level. The Baltic Lowland stretches along the coast. Plateaus and hills are found in the northeast (Vidzeme with the highest point 311.6 m), southeast (Latgale) and west (Kurzeme).

The climate of Latvia is humid and maritime. Characterized by short and dry summers. Despite the flat terrain with low plateaus, Latvia has four climatic zones, each of which has its own characteristics. The average wind speed reaches 4 m/s, with occasional gusts of up to 30 m/s. 600-700 mm of precipitation falls annually. Air humidity averages 82%.
The best time to travel to this country is considered to be from May to September. The cities of Riga (in the center), Jurmala (in the center, on the seashore), Daugavpils (southeast), Cesis (northeast), Saldus (southwest), Kuldiga (northwest) are popular among tourists. To determine your travel date, please pay attention to weather in Latvia by month.

Weather in Latvia in January

The average January air temperature during the day in the capital ranges from -1.1°C to +2°C; at night the thermometer drops to -2.3°C. Frosts down to -14°C are recorded. It is colder in the west of Latvia. The average daily temperature range here is -3°С…-20°С. The country will receive 37-40 mm of precipitation per month. Wind gusts reach 4 m/s. January has the fewest hours of sunshine per day. The water temperature in the sea is zero.

Weather in Latvia in February

In February in Riga, the average daytime temperature reaches -1.3°C, and at night - about -4.2°C. In Daugavpils and Cesis (east), the thermometer shows -2.9°C and -6.1°C, respectively. In February, 25-40 mm of precipitation falls. In the southeast, this is the driest time of the year, with 29 mm of precipitation recorded per month. The speed of air masses reaches 4.5 m/s. The water temperature in the sea remains at zero.

Weather in Latvia in March

With the exception of the southeast, March in Latvia is dry. The average monthly precipitation does not exceed 30 mm, and in Daugavpils (southeast) - 32 mm. With the onset of spring, the air temperature rises from -1°C to +3°C, and in the northeast - from +1°C to +3°C. The wind speed is the same as before winter months- 4.5 m/s. Sea water does not warm up above +0.8°C.

Weather in Latvia in April

In April in Latvia, during daylight hours the air temperature fluctuates within +8°C; at night the air does not cool below zero, on average +2°C. The water temperature in the sea also rises - up to +3.7°C. 4 rainy days are recorded in the month; snowfalls are no longer observed in April. The amount of precipitation is 43.6 mm. Wind gusts - up to 4 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in May

In May, the air in the capital of Latvia warms up to +10°C, and by the end of the month the thermometer reaches +20°C. The night temperature range is +5°С…+15°С. The average sea water temperature ranges from +8°C to +13°C. The amount of precipitation increases: up to 54 mm falls in Riga, and up to 42 mm in Kuldiga. May is the windiest month of the year. Wind speed varies depending on the region - 3.4-3.8 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in June

At the beginning of summer, the average daytime air temperature is +19°C; on some days the thermometer reaches +30°C. At night, the indicators drop to +13°С…+23°С. The water in the sea warms up to 15-16°C above zero. In June, rainfall across the country averages 52 mm. Gusts of air masses reach 4 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in July

In July, during daylight hours the air temperature is at +23°C, with jumps up to +28°C recorded in some places. At night the thermometer drops by 7-8 marks. The water temperature in the Gulf of Riga and the Baltic Sea fluctuates between +17°С…+21°С. July is the rainiest month of the year. In the capital, 79.2 mm of precipitation is recorded, in the south - 63 mm. Wind speed reaches 4 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in August

In August, the average air temperature is +21°С…+22°С during the day, and at night - up to +12°С…+14°С. In the northeast of the country it is cooler; daily thermometer readings do not exceed +20.5°C. The water temperature in the sea reaches +18°C. In August, 62 mm of precipitation is recorded, with variations from 58 mm to 65 mm depending on the region. Wind speed - 4.1 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in September

With the onset of autumn, weather conditions in Latvia do not change significantly. The temperature in the country ranges from +16°C to +21°C during the daytime. And at night the indicators range from +8°C to +11.3°C. The water temperature drops to +17°C. On average, 52 mm of precipitation is recorded in September. Wind speed is still 4.0-4.1 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in October

In October, the air temperature drops sharply. In the capital and in the west during the day the thermometer shows +8°С…+10°С, at night the column drops to +5°С. In the east at this time the thermometer does not rise above +8°C, and at night temperature regime fluctuates between +2°С…+3°С. The water temperature drops to +10°C. There is little precipitation this month, up to 42 mm. The wind speed increases, reaching 4.6 m/s.

Weather in Latvia in November

In November in Latvia, the daytime air temperature no longer rises above +5°C. At night the thermometer shows +2°С…+3°С. In the east, temperatures drop to sub-zero temperatures. Wind speed continues to increase, 4.7 m/s. The month will receive 36-40 mm of precipitation. The water temperature in the sea cools down to +4°С…+6°С.

Weather in Latvia in December

In the capital of Latvia in December, the daytime air temperature is +1°C; at night the temperature drops below zero. 37 mm of precipitation is recorded. In the east of the country, cages in the form of snow are increasingly being observed. The water temperature in the sea reaches +4°C. December is the windiest month in Latvia with gusts exceeding 5.5 m/s.