The teacher's project is the second life of garbage. Project "garbage is an eternal topic"

By September 26, all constituent entities of the Russian Federation had to submit waste disposal schemes. Interfax found out how Russia now deals with waste and what they plan to do.

Moscow. September 27. website - Until September 26, each subject of the Russian Federation had to develop and approve a territorial waste disposal scheme with Rosprirodnadzor, which will begin to operate in 2017. The diagram should include all waste disposal facilities in the region and show where the contents of each tank from each yard will go.

Corresponding amendments to the 89th federal law“On production and consumption waste” were adopted back in 2014. However, the government decree obliging the creation of such schemes appeared only in April of this year - thus, the regions had six months to develop programs.

As Greenpeace reported, as of Monday evening, territorial schemes had been adopted only in five of the 85 constituent entities of Russia: Moscow, Voronezh, Rostov and Tyumen regions, as well as Stavropol region. Most regions, although they did not complete the task on time, began work on it. Programs are at to varying degrees readiness: in some areas they will be ready in the fall, other constituent entities of the Russian Federation have not even found a contractor yet.

Environmentalists believe that the government's order gives hope for changing the approach to waste disposal in Russia: instead of approving existing methods of waste management, primarily burying it in landfills, waste recycling may be introduced in the regions. Previously, Greenpeace even compiled a rating of regions based on how governors deal with the garbage issue.

Interfax decided to figure out how Russia now deals with household waste and what prospects exist for its disposal.

Waste disposal methods

Each Russian, according to Greenpeace, throws out an average of 400 kilograms of garbage per year. From the waste that all residents of Russia produce during this period of time, it would be possible to build a tower one meter wide by one meter to the Moon, it was calculated in environmental organization.

The most the best way waste management is not even recycling, but reuse - for example, a conventional radio receiver, when its owners are tired of it, is not sent to non-ferrous metals, but is disassembled and then assembled into a new receiver. This method of waste management is named a priority in the state policy enshrined in Russia, but, as Greenpeace notes, there are no conditions for its implementation.

Currently, almost all garbage in Russia—94%, according to an environmental organization—is sent to landfills for disposal. Every year, the landfill area in the country increases by an area equal to Moscow and St. Petersburg combined, Greenpeace reports. Garbage dumps in Russia they already occupy an area twice the size of Switzerland. This method of waste management not only requires more and more space, but also poisons the air and wastewater.

Another way to dispose of waste is incineration plants (in Russia, according to Greenpeace, 2% of waste is sent to them). However, even in countries where waste separation is in force, when waste is burned, it releases toxins, including dioxins, which cause cancer and mutations. In Russia, due to lack of recycling, such factories will also end up with batteries, accumulators, medicines, lamps with mercury and other items, the combustion of which produces hazardous substances.

The economic justification for the construction of waste incineration plants is their energy production. However, Alexey Kiselev, an expert on the toxic program of Greenpeace Russia, criticizes this argument.

“After construction, the management of the plant asks the authorities for permission to sell the energy generated by it, the price of which is 5-7 times higher than the market price, at a favorable tariff, asks for subsidies, which as a result results in an increase in tariffs for the population. But the main thing: why build an expensive dirty generating capacity in a country where there is a 20% surplus of energy production? We already have more capacity now than we consume,” says Kiselev.

They are going to solve the waste problem by building waste incineration plants in Tatarstan. The territorial map provided by Moscow also mentions all three waste incineration plants in the city, two of which were previously closed as unprofitable.

The third way to dispose of waste is to recycle it.

In Russia, only 4% of garbage is currently recycled. For comparison, in Europe average level recycling exceeds 40%, and in some countries reaches 65%, Greenpeace said.

Waste that is collected separately and then recycled takes on a second life. So, from old tires we make coverings for playgrounds, from waste paper we make boxes, magazines, packaging, from plastic bottles we make new ones plastic bottles, as well as sports jackets, basins, helmets. By collecting 23 thousand aluminum cans, you can build a sports plane.

Garbage is business

But where will the sorted goods go? Wouldn't the waste carefully collected by a resident of a conventional Kostroma and sorted into multi-colored boxes go to one common landfill?

The social myth that in Russia there are no conditions for recycling waste and that separately collected waste is then dumped together is commented on at the Plarus plant. An enterprise for processing plastics, namely PET (most often found by consumers in the form of plastic bottles), has been operating in Solnechnogorsk near Moscow since 2009. Here the bottles are first sorted by color, then washed and cut into flakes, after which they are melted into granules, from which they can be made into bottles (as well as helmets, basins, film, twine, tiles, etc.). The technology called “bottle to bottle” is available only at this plant, the only one in Russia, although there are dozens of plastic processing enterprises in the country.

At Plarus they say that its main problem is the lack of raw materials. Currently, processing volumes at the plant amount to 1,800 tons per month with a maximum capacity of 2,500 tons. The company is forced to purchase raw materials, plastic bottles, from several regions. They are also brought here by private traders, including those who purchase them from janitors who secretly sort through the garbage, thus making their own small business(for one kilogram of bottles delivered, the factory pays 30 rubles).

A significant proportion of the raw materials entering the plant are brought from landfills, where bottles are selected by special sorting machines.

However, in defense separate collection waste consumers, rather than sorting by machines at the landfill, are both plant employees and environmentalists. Thus, at Plarus they complain that no matter how advanced the technology, the sorting stage requires manual human labor, which would be required significantly less if the bottles did not come into contact with the ground.

Although Plarus' products (primarily the so-called preforms, from which bottles are then made) are in demand, the plant is unprofitable.

“If separate waste collection were introduced in Russia, and we had enough raw materials, we could immediately open several factories around the country, we have accumulated sufficient experience, we master the processing technology,” says the commercial director of the enterprise, Svetlana Yakovleva. “We are ready.” share this experience with the authorities, tell them about recycling.”

In total, Russia produces 550 thousand tons of PET per year. Of these, 100 thousand tons are currently being processed, although the total maximum capacity would already be enough for 170 thousand tons. Other PET products, primarily bottles, go to landfills, where they will decompose for hundreds of years.

Recycle it

When they talk about recycling, we're talking about not just about one type of plastic or just plastic. Thus, according to calculations by companies involved in waste transportation, recycling half of the garbage is profitable - and there are many who want to earn “dirty money”.

“There are a lot of producers around the country, it’s profitable, such enterprises bring in a certain penny. I know an entrepreneur who puts containers at his own expense, services them himself, and receives income,” says Kiselev.

But separate collection brings profit not only to the businessmen who process it, but also to those who produce it - ordinary residents. Thus, fees for waste disposal will be lower for them, since they are partially paid for by the materials recycled, and over time, separate waste collection can also bring profit.

Recycling programs, often organized by local businessmen or environmentalists, are already operating throughout Russia. For example, one of the enterprises in the city of Aramil, Sverdlovsk region, buys mixed polymers found in waste different types and make benches out of them. Separate collection is organized by entrepreneurs, for example, in Vladimir and Vologda.

There are more initiatives in Moscow: some sports clubs hand over cups for recycling, containers for separate waste collection appear in courtyards, at the entrances to supermarkets (for example, at Azbuka Vkusa) - now, according to Greenpeace representatives, the process is “very actively underway ". Environmentalists previously published a detailed, although not always accurate, map of separate waste collection points in the capital on their website.

In Solnechnogorsk, and more recently in Moscow, Plarus, together with Coca-Cola, launched the “Give a Bottle a Second Life” project - within its framework, there are nets throughout the city into which you can throw bottles.

"The problem is that the containers are owned by no one. No one is responsible for them, including local authorities, and we cannot keep track of them. Because of this, sometimes it happens like this: there was a container, and then suddenly disappeared. Maybe someone “I decided to take it to my dacha, in case it might come in handy there. But we continue this program and believe that it will produce results, and that if the residents find it useful, they themselves may not allow someone to take away the container,” says Yakovleva. .

But this problem, like many others, for example, Russians lack information about separate waste (not everyone knows that Tetra Pak packaging must be returned separately, disposable coffee cups, capsules for coffee machines and bottles of auto chemicals are not recycled, and plastic bottles must be flattened before disposal) – second order.

400 kilograms per year, multiplied by 140 million inhabitants, gives frightening figures, and something needs to be done with all this garbage. To begin with, Greenpeace suggests, for example, writing a petition to the governor of your region asking to introduce separate waste collection.

Katya Zagvozdkina

Irina Maslakova
Environmental project“Give me a second life! Recycling of household waste"

Environmental project« Give a second life!» (recycling of household waste)

Rationale

If a person only hears, he can

doubt if he only sees, he can still

doubt, but if a person did something

with his own hands, he no longer doubts.

The words on the wall of Beltsville -

research

US agricultural center

Summer is the time to collect not only berries and mushrooms, but And: garbage. Unfortunately, plastic bottles and metal cans have become an integral part of forests and river banks. And this is a sign, frankly speaking, of not a very high culture of those who like to “relax” in nature. The waste problem is now acute in many countries. And it needs to be solved comprehensively: not only by searching for new processing technologies garbage, but also with the help environmental education . Moreover, the sooner we start doing this, the greater the chance of forming a generation with a new culture of behavior.

However, this is not enough to simply encourage children not to litter or make fires. In our opinion, bans will not help the matter, although in many institutions environmental work is based specifically on slogans: “You can’t”, “Don’t do it”, “Don’t quit.” But even the behavior little man must be conscious and motivated. And to the conclusion that trash has no place in the forest, he must come on his own, albeit under the strict guidance of an adult. It serves precisely these purposes project"Garbage must be separated so that use again".

Almost every day we throw away plastic bottles, disposable tableware, food packaging, all kinds of boxes, straws, old felt-tip pens, newspapers, bottle caps, etc., etc. And we hardly think about how much time it takes to get these the waste has rotted. Now it's fashionable to talk about ecology, about new ways using waste for the common good because much of this garbage can get a new use, becoming the basis for an original children's craft or an exciting toy, maybe used for a fun game room. This topic is inexhaustible. You can endlessly come up with new roles for old things that surround us, and it’s not a matter of wealth or poverty, it’s a matter of moral attitude towards them. The most important thing is to teach children to experience the feeling of joy from independently completed work, to teach them to overcome difficulties and to increase their responsible attitude towards ecological situation in the village.

“Every child is to some extent a genius, and every genius is to some extent a child.” This famous quote from Schopenhauer needs clarification. What is the genius of a child? And where does this natural childish genius manifest itself? The main quality of a genius is to see things and events beyond their ordinary and generally accepted meaning, to see contrary to opinion and prejudices. It is in this sense that every child is a genius. To do this, it is enough to give the opportunity to express and establish children’s creativity, to recognize it as a unique phenomenon that requires respect. A child whose creativity is recognized throughout childhood life will gain the strength to think independently and originally. The passion of a teacher can infect the most passive child. Let him try repeat. Surely he will do something in his own way, he will have to use his imagination - this is an integral property of waste material.

Bottle caps, plastic caps, old pens, yogurt cups and even juice cartons are great materials for all kinds of crafts. And what can you come up with from plastic bottles: they can be sprinklers, vases, skittles, and targets for towns. You can use them to make a shovel and sand molds, boats and even a whole raft.

Working with such materials contributes to the development of children's design activities. With the help of various tools, they learn to process and connect parts from various materials, learn their properties, which contributes to the development of their imagination and technical skills. Working with various kinds of materials expands children's knowledge about the world around them. This topic is inexhaustible.

Preparation project was carried out within the framework of the specialized health-improving school camp "School Academy of Chemist".

The "School Academy of Chemist" program was presented at a regional competition summer programs and was awarded a certificate for 2nd place and a cash prize of 2 thousand rubles.

Target project: creating conditions for the development of creativity, cognitive and responsible interest in environmental environment through the production of crafts from various household waste.

Work on project does not require large financial outlays. You just need to take a close look at what is around and give the child the opportunity to invent, create, and try on his own.

Expected results:

1. Manufacturing creative works from household waste

2. Participation in regional competitions and exhibitions.

1. Methodology project

Any environmental project can be divided into several stages: preparatory, theoretical, creative.

Preparatory stage

We draw children's attention to the fact that every day we throw away garbage. Where does he go? And at home the guys are accumulating garbage? What are his parents doing with him? Is it possible to see garbage in the vicinity of the school? Where does it come from?

Theoretical stage

We collect household waste in the territory kindergarten.

We sort everything collected: metal garbage, plastic, paper, etc. Among we are garbage For example, they found plastic bottles, metal soda cans, paper, pieces of glass, and plastic bags.

We invite children to carefully consider the entire garbage: where could he have come from here?

We discuss that everything natural objects processed, eaten by someone and ultimately turned into soil. But bottles and cans are made by human hands; these are not natural, but artificial objects. There is no plastic in nature, so there are no animals that could eat it or recycle it. The truth arises question: after all, paper is also made by human hands, but it still disappears over time. Why? Let's remember what paper is made of done: made of wood, and trees are nature; many forest inhabitants are not averse to profiting from wood.

What is the period of rotting of various garbage?

Paper decomposes: 1 year Tin can decomposes: > 90

Cigarette filters decompose: 1 year Plastic bag decomposes: > 200

Plastic decomposes:- 200 Years Glass decomposes:> 1000

Practical stage

We made sure that people throw away a lot garbage: Is it possible somehow use? We invite children to make paintings (crafts, toys from waste, create interesting sculptures, packaging materials- a variety of feeders.

2. Creative laboratory

Search for trinkets" Ecological raid"

To work, we will need the most incredible things from which we can make something. The children were given a task to time: collect on the children's territory garden: something soft, something square, something transparent, something sharp, something long, something left behind by a person, something round, eggshells, pen, something paper, etc.

Make crafts from everything they find.

Cart for garbage from magazine pages

Champagne cork board

New Year decoration

Old burnt out light bulbs should not be thrown away. If you decorate them with glass paints, they will turn out wonderful. Christmas decorations which can last for many years.

The next object of our attention is disposable plates

They also make very, very interesting crafts. The simplest thing is to paint paper plates. It turns out beautifully if the design is located in the center of the plate, and the corrugated frame remains monochromatic (white or colored). You can draw whatever your heart desires.

Disposable plates make funny little animals. A whole plate can become, for example, a lion's head. To do this, we cover it with yellow paint, draw a muzzle, and the mane will be a corrugated edging, painted brown or orange. From half of another plate we will make a body for the lion and glue it to the head. The remaining piece of the plate is turned into a tail using scissors. If you get a little creative, you can make a turtle, a cat, and ladybug, and a spider.

hat making

It would be nice to set up a hat workshop. And for this we will need all the same disposable plates. Using a hole punch or scissors, make small holes on both sides of the plate. Secure ribbons or elastic bands in them. These will be the ties. Now put the “hat” on the table and start decorating it. Paints, artificial flowers, ribbons, bows, feathers, beads, pasta, sparkles, scraps of fabric, lace, brooches - in general, everything will be used. And if you remember footage from historical films, where ladies wore not just hats on their heads, but real works of art in the form of vases with fruit or entire ships, then you will probably have additional ideas for decoration. If “hat making” captivates the kids, you can, like real fashion designers, create entire thematic collections of hats. For example: "These amazing animals", "Hello, spring!" or "Sea Treasures". And be sure to arrange a hat show for dad or grandparents.

Matryoshka dolls from a spoon

This round-faced, ruddy nesting doll is made from disposable spoons, cups, and napkins.

For this you will need: disposable cups, multi-colored paper napkins, threads, markers, scissors, colored paper

"Murano glass"

Glass painting is ancient art. Therefore, we could not bypass this type of creativity. It's nice to put flowers in a beautiful "vase" any time.

Massage track

IN summer period Teachers face an important primary task - the improvement and hardening of children. You can make a simulator for foot massage with your own hands.

You will need: plywood of any size, instant glue, carbonated drink caps and your imagination. Bottle caps are also suitable for playing checkers. What children love very much.

Paperwork master

Over the course of the year, the children accumulate a lot of leftover colored and office paper. In the spring, we warned them not to throw away this paper. During the classes, children learned the basics of modular origami and quilling. To make crafts you only need paper, scissors, and a ruler. You can also use glossy magazines. A craft made in origami style will be wonderful a gift for the holidays.

3. Fun toy library

Use household waste It is possible not only for making crafts, but also for playing very interesting outdoor and board games.

"Soap Extravaganza"

Of course, you can buy a bright jar or gun with soap bubbles in the store. But it’s much more interesting to make bubbles literally with your own hands. To do this, take liquid dishwashing detergent or grated laundry soap. Mix with water in proportion 1 :10 and add 50-100 ml of glycerin. The solution is ready! You can blow bubbles through regular cocktail straws. And you can start game: who has the longest-lived bubble, who has the farthest-flying bubble, who has the largest bubble, etc.

"Air Football"

This game will captivate any child. Take a box with low sides, a drawer, or make your own from a box. To play, you need to install a goal on the playing field, take a large bead instead of a ball, or make a ball out of paper. Two people can play using cocktail straws. Everyone must blow the opponent's ball into his goal. After training, you can safely organize competitions.

Rope course

The ropes course is so called because using ropes. These may be remnants of yarn or strong threads. Moms always end up with a ball that they hate to throw away. This is where it comes in handy.

a) "Web" or "Swamp" (as you like).

On the territory of a school, garden, or park, a flat area with four trees forming a square is selected. A rope/thread with many holes for legs is stretched between them. The task is to cross the entire team through the web from one side to the other without touching any part of it. If you touch the thread, go back and start the exercise again. After training, you can hold a competition between teams.

b) "Geometric figure"

All participants in the game stand in a circle. They are given a thread or rope of a certain length. The children hold on to her. The first task is to compose any geometric figure With with open eyes and talking. On second stage - make a figure (rhombus, triangle, circle, etc.) with open eyes, but not talking. And the third task - the eyes are closed, the mouth is closed, we make a figure at random. Leadership qualities are developed during the game

"Munhausen shooting gallery"

A shooting range is a place where people shoot at targets. The guys made their own darts from scrap materials. The target was made from juice boxes left over from lunch. They glued them together. The only thing left to do is arrange a competition to see who is the most accurate.

"Young jugglers"

At school, the kids love to throw different objects at each other. We decided to help them with this. We made blanks of “balls” of a certain size to make them comfortable to hold. For this we needed some leftover paper and tape. Forward. The game begins. This entertainment promotes concentration and the ability to maintain balance.

"Box Meetings"

These are fun sports competitions. And they are “boxed” because in all relay races Use juice boxes, which the children drank for afternoon tea.

Several teams of 3 to 5 people can participate.

Different stages:

Carry the box on your head

Carry the box on your shoulder

Carry the box on your back

Carry the box onto your leg near the foot

Carry the box on your nose

Carry the box, pressing your chin to your neck, etc.

You can make a wonderful robot from juice boxes." Garbage collector".

Project development and implementation plan

Selection of methodological and artistic-ecological children's literature, illustrations, and didactic games.

Creating conditions for project implementation

Preparation of consultations “Education of children of senior preschool age positive attitude to work"

Interaction with children

Cognitive development

Conversation: “A conversation about litter and what can be done to reduce litter.” Target: Give children an idea of ​​the problem of garbage in cities. Talk about the dangers of landfills for nature and people. Teach children to have a responsible attitude towards nature. Convey to the children the importance of this problem and show some ways out of this situation. Suggest thinking about solving the garbage problem with the help of the children in the village. and at home.

Conversation: " The earth is ours common Home and we will save him" Target : Fostering in children a humane attitude towards nature, a desire to preserve and preserve the beauty of nature.
Tasks :Continuing the formation of skills for a culture of behavior in nature; Expanding the idea that everything in nature is interconnected; material resources (waste paper).
Didactic games: “Collect your trash correctly.” "Sorting the garbage"

Looking at illustrations on the topic: “Garbage is all around us"

GCD on ecology on the topic: "Let's take a smart look at the garbage"

Target: Expanding children's understanding of reuse household waste.

Tasks: Foster love, respect and careful attitude to the nature around us; desire to take good care of her. Familiarizing children with the problems of environmental pollution; with the possibility of recycling waste material. Development of children's cognitive activity in the process of learning about the problems of the city; ability to observe and draw conclusions.Strengthen the ability to use wisely various materials. Activate vocabulary (sort, waste material, household waste).

Artistically – aesthetic development

Reading environmental stories and fairy tales.

Looking at illustrations on the topic:"Save the planet from trash"

GCD for manual labor (collective)“Vase with daisies made from waste material.”

Objectives: Developing a caring attitude towards the environment. Developing the ability to work in a team and together. Consolidating the ability to work with waste material and use it in for the right purposes. Consolidating the ability to create a composition from a vase and flowers.

Social and communicative development

Assist the teacher in cleaning the group room of trash.

Work assignments:“Helping the kids clear the area of ​​trash.” “Cleaning a group site from garbage”

Target: Fostering hard work, accuracy, and respect for the environment.

Didactic games: "Collect trash correctly." "Sorting the garbage"

Speech development

Reading environmental stories and fairy tales

Looking at the illustrations “Garbage around us”,

Guessing riddles.

Interaction with parents:

Consultation for parents « Raising a positive attitude towards work in children of senior preschool age.”

Organizing a competition for crafts made from waste materials"The second life of garbage"

Setting up an exhibition of crafts made from waste materials“A House for a Birdie”, “Our Birds”.

KVN on cognitive development on the topic of: "The second life of garbage."

Target: Systematize and consolidate children's knowledge about the problem of environmental pollution. Tasks: Formation of children's knowledge about the norms and rules of behavior in the world around them.Development of basic thought processes in children when performing tasks assigned to children.Develop creative imagination and imagination when using waste materialDevelop a sense of responsibility for your behavior in the world around you.Form communicativeskills during joint activities.

Savina Olga
Educational and creative project “The Second Life of Garbage”

Municipal budget preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 9

Project

Cognitive - creative

on the topic: « Second life of garbage»

with children 6-7 years old

Prepared:

Educator

Savina O. V.

g.o. Vyksa

Passport project

View project: educational - creative

Duration project - short-term

Participants project: children 6-7 years old, teacher, parents.

Implementation period project – 2 weeks(11/13/17 - 11/24/17)

Problem: Nature conservation, an attempt to solve garbage problem.

Integration of educational regions:

« Cognitive development»

"Social and communicative development"

"Artistic and aesthetic development"

« Physical development»

"Speech development"

Relevance

Preschool age- an important stage in the development of an individual’s ecological culture. At this age, the child begins to distinguish himself from the environment, an emotional and value-based attitude towards the environment develops, and the foundations of the moral and environmental positions of the individual are formed.

The ecological and social situation of today confronts the teacher with preschool education the task of searching for universal means of environmental education in modern conditions. One of these means, in my opinion, may be environmental project, one of the few technologies that takes the teacher and students beyond the walls of the kindergarten in the world and social reality.

Target project: Children’s awareness of the advisability of sorting, recycling and disposal garbage(waste) and making various necessary things from it.

Education of ecological culture of preschool children.

Tasks project:

Develop the ability to see an environmental problem and find ways to solve it.

Give children an idea of ​​the types of household waste and their properties.

Learn to observe and see cause-and-effect connections, draw conclusions.

Develop logical thinking, speech, outlook.

Develop children's creative abilities in making crafts from waste materials.

To form child-parent relationships in the spirit of nurturing interest and environmental rules of behavior in nature.

Involve parents in the pedagogical and creative process.

Expected Result:

Children and adults understand the importance of nature conservation, environmentally sound behavior in the environment, and realize that household garbage can be reused for making useful things.

Implementation stages project

Stage 1 - Preparatory:

Development and implementation plan project.

Selection of methodological and artistic-ecological children's literature, illustrative material, didactic games.

Preparing a consultation for parents .

Watching a presentation with children « Second life of garbage»

Stage 2 - Main:

Perspective and thematic planning for the implementation of environmental project: « Second life of garbage»

Type of activity Objectives Form of organization of activities with children

Physical development Develop thinking, intelligence, observation. Develop attentiveness, speed, dexterity.

Relay games "Who can collect it faster? garbage» , "Find and keep silent".

Cognitive development 1/Give children an idea of ​​the problem garbage, Talk about the dangers of landfills for nature and people, Teach children to have a responsible attitude towards nature.

2. To instill in children a desire to preserve and preserve the beauty of nature.

3. Expand children’s understanding of secondary use of household waste.

4. Explore sorting methods garbage. 1. Conversation about garbage, and what can be done to there is less garbage».

2. Conversation “The earth is our common home and we will save it”.

3. GCD for ecology: "Let's take a smart look at garbage»

4. Educational games "Collect garbage right» , « Garbage Explorer» .

Speech development Introduce children with new works, developing the ability to listen carefully and answer questions about the content in detail.

Reading ecological tales and stories.

Looking at the illustrations " Garbage is all around us?

Guessing riddles.

Didactic game "Say it the other way around".

Artistic and aesthetic development To cultivate a caring attitude towards the surrounding world.

Strengthen the ability to work with waste material and use it for the right purposes.

Develop children's creative abilities. Manual labor 1. "Fairy-tale characters for puppet theater". (crafts from plastic glasses, spoons, paper boxes, containers).

2. "Vase with Flowers"(from paper and a plastic jar).

3. Fun toys made from waste material (plastic, Kinder surprise containers, ribbons, paper).

4. Brush holders (cells from under eggs).

5. Containers for pencils (boxes, twine,)

6. Pincushions as a gift for mothers. (foam rubber, discs, threads).

Interaction with parents Consultation “Raising a positive attitude towards work in children 6-7 years old”.

Memo “What can be made from waste material”.

Master Class « Second life of garbage» .

Poster competition “Together we can rid the planet of garbage» .

Stage 3 - Final:

1. Exhibition of crafts made from waste materials « Second life of garbage» .

2. Ecological action "Feed the birds in winter". (making feeders from waste material).

3. Ecological leisure "Children are against garbage» .

Result:

Project helped children and parents understand what is not allowed litter thoughtlessly, you need to treat things with care, take care of them, make them out of throwaway items Original gifts, various benefits for educational, theatrical and gaming activities.

Bibliography:

1. Voronkevich O. A., "Children's environmental projects» ; SPb. ; Childhood-Press, 2016

2. Gomarovich E. S. "What the city breathes". M.: "Khimki",2013

3. Zakhlebny A. N. "Book for reading on nature conservation". M.: Education, 20114.

4. Konopleva N. P. « Second life of things» . M. "Education", 2015

5. Rodionov S.K. "What's happened garbage» . M.: "Khimki", 2013

6. Internet resources.

Publications on the topic:

Project manager: Esedullaeva Diana Zumrudinovna Brief summary Nowadays, millions of bottles are produced and thrown away every year.

Educational and creative project "Fantik" Slide No. 2 RELEVANCE Preschool age is a bright, unique page in the life of every person. It is during this period that a connection is established.

Educational and creative project “Such different fairy tales” (second junior group) Educational and creative project “Such different fairy tales” (Second junior group) Educator: Afonina M. A. Project type: Cognitive and creative.

Project “Planet Earth - the second life of unnecessary things” “Planet Earth is our common home, every person living in it must take care and care.

Garbage is an eternal topic.(1)

Well, now let's talkabout what everyone knows

That very often we litter,on the street and at home,

That all the waste is beyond the thresholdthrow it at random

And as long as you are healthy, there are few worries about it.

(2) During the course of life, it is common for a person to leave behind him all kinds of garbage and various wastes.

We often see on the streets of our city a huge amount of garbage scattered along fences and houses.. Where does garbage come from? How to shorten this a large number of waste? And how does this affect surrounding nature?

This is how it arosesubject research: “Garbage is an eternal topic.”

(3) Purpose of the study: consider the situation with the disposal of household waste.

Research objectives:

1. find out the problems of waste disposal;

2. study waste recycling technologies;

3. consider the issue of separate waste collection;

4. conduct research on how waste can be reused;

5. participate in educational activities on this topic.

(4)Research hypothesis

We assumed that household waste disrupts the ecology of our planet and harms public health.Let's try to assume that they can be reused.

Impact of waste on the environment.

(5) The “garbage” problem is one of the most pressing today. Every year in Russia about 7 billion tons of waste are generated, of which only 2 billion tons are recycled. A person cannot live without leaving behind household solid waste (MSW).

(6) A huge amount of household waste is generated in cities every day. Huge mountains of old garbage are not only unsightly, but also very dangerous for the health and life of the entire population.

(7) Municipal solid waste is distributed bad smell and are a breeding ground pathogenic bacteria, insects and rodents - carriers of infectious diseases.

(8)

(9) The increase in the amount of household waste is due to the following reasons:

Increased production of disposable consumer goods;

Increasing the amount of packaging;

Increasing the standard of living, allowing usable things to be replaced with new ones.

(10) Most household waste does not decompose naturally or has a very long decomposition period. For example, paper takes 2 years to decompose, a tin can takes 90 years, an aluminum cola can takes 500 years, and glass takes more than 1000 years to decompose.

The question arises, what to do with the Solid Household Waste?

(11) There are three main options for handling this waste:

1 - organization of landfills,

2 - burning,

3 - secondary processing

(12) 1. Organization of landfills. This is the most non-ecological option - swaste disposal. Waste is unloaded from containers and leveled using special equipment. A layer of garbage of a certain thickness is periodically covered with soil, after which the waste is poured again.

(13) 2. Incineration. When burning solid waste in waste incineration plants, it is possible to reduce its volume and obtain a certain amount of energy. But burning pollutes the atmosphere.

(14) 3. Secondary processing. (Sorting and recycling).This is the most environmentally friendly option for handling solid waste. It is very profitable to recycle solid waste, since there is always a demand for secondary raw materials - paper, glass, plastic, aluminum, non-ferrous metals and more.

The recycling situation is still difficult. No more than 2% is recycled, since waste sorting is the main problem in Russia.

Firstly, not everywhere there are special containers for separate waste collection.

Secondly, people do not realize the need to dispose of household waste.

(15) Main directions in solid waste processing

Secondary raw materials are “secondary material resources that can currently be used in the national economy."

At waste processing plants, scrap ferrous metals are separated from waste using magnets. This scrap metal is pressed and sent for melting to metallurgical plants.

Car tirescrushed mechanically to a crumb state, from which beach slippers, floor mats, bedding, road surfaces are subsequently made,Pyrocarbon is a black powder widely used for the production of rubber and plastics.

Food and garden waste are used to make fertilizers.

Bottles, linoleum bases, roof tiles, and furniture for outdoor cafes are made from recycled plastic.

And the well-known waste paper is used for the production various types new paper, cardboard, egg trays, packaging for household appliances, pots for planting seeds, disposable cups.

Pressed sticks with high heat transfer are made from wood processing waste. They are called pallets or fuel pellets.

(16) IN orphanage where I live now, there are many children - this is our big family. Every child has their own birthday once a year, I try to congratulate everyone, especially the kids, and I don’t forget about the teachers. So I figured out how to partially use various packaging and other waste materials. There is no need to rush to throw them away, because cardboard and plastic are easy to process: they can be cut with scissors, a knife, glued, etc. I make toys, jewelry, decorative items, coasters easter eggs, original dolls, handbags for girls, boxes for stationery, glasses for pencils, crafts for exhibitions and much more, and I urge everyone, “Guys, make something useful out of garbage!”

Any DIY work , carries positive energy, as it keeps the hands warm and conveys a personal attitude towards the person for whom it is intended present.

Previously, I had not thought about the fact that much of this garbage could get a new use, becoming the basis for an original craft. And if you throw out less garbage, it means environment will be cleaner.

Conclusion: Due to the low level of environmental culture, most people do not think at all about the consequences: they leave behind a lot of garbage, which causes great harm to the ecology of our entire planet.

(18) Household waste is a serious matter ecological problem of all humanity, which is harmful to health, which confirms the research hypothesis.

(19) Let's protect our city from dirt and garbage!