Presentation of a research project on specially protected areas. Specially protected natural areas

SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

Moskvina Elena Aleksandrovna, teacher

Academic discipline “Fundamentals of Environmental Law”

GAPOU SO "Ural Polytechnic College - Interregional Competence Center"

Contest computer presentations"Paper. net"


  • Goal: Formation of competence to interpret normative legal acts governing legal status specially protected natural areas in the Russian Federation

Note: To systematize knowledge on the topic, create a table


Draw a table

Type of specially protected natural area

Definition

Laws governing activities

Characteristic features of the territory

Prohibited Activities


Specially protected natural areas, in accordance with the Law on Environmental Protection, include:

  • State nature reserves;
  • National parks;
  • Natural parks;
  • Wildlife sanctuaries;
  • Other territories.


State nature reserves

  • these are completely removed from economic use specially protected natural complexes and objects that have environmental, scientific, environmental and educational significance, as examples of the natural environment, typical or rare landscapes, places where the genetic fund of flora and fauna is preserved (Article 6 of the Law on Specially Protected Natural Areas).

It is PROHIBITED on the territory of the reserve:

  • Any activity that contradicts the objectives of the state natural reserve and the regime of special protection of its territory established in the regulations on this state natural reserve.
  • In the territories of state natural reserves, the introduction of living organisms for the purpose of their acclimatization is prohibited.
  • It is prohibited to be on the territory of the reserves individuals without permission from a reserve employee




Forbidden:

  • It is prohibited to carry out any activity not provided for by the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”, and zones in which economic and other activities are limited in order to preserve natural and cultural heritage and their use for recreational purposes.
  • It is prohibited to change the intended purpose of land plots located within the boundaries national parks.
  • Human activities that violate the rules are prohibited fire safety in forests.



Forbidden:

  • It is prohibited to change the intended purpose of land plots.
  • Activities that entail a change in the historically established natural landscape, reduction or destruction of environmental, aesthetic and recreational qualities natural parks, violation of the regime for maintaining historical and cultural monuments.
  • Within the boundaries of natural parks, activities that entail a decrease in the ecological, aesthetic, cultural and recreational value of their territories may be prohibited or limited.

Natural Park

It is a protected large area of ​​natural or cultural landscape; used for: recreational (for example, organized tourism), environmental, educational and other purposes.




Reserve

- a protected natural area, in which, unlike nature reserves, not the natural complex, but some of its parts are protected: only plants, only animals, or their individual species, or individual historical, memorial or geological objects.


Forbidden:

  • In the territories of state natural reserves, any activity is permanently or temporarily prohibited or limited if it contradicts the goals of creating state natural reserves or causes harm to natural complexes and their components.


Legal regulation of all specially protected natural areas is carried out:

  • Constitution Russian Federation from 1993
  • Federal Law “On Environmental Protection” dated January 10, 2002 No. 7-FZ
  • Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Areas” dated March 14, 1995 No. 39-FZ
  • Land Code of the Russian Federation dated 25.10.2001 No. 136 - Federal Law


List of sources used:

Normative legal acts

1 Constitution of the Russian Federation/ URL: http:// http://www.constitution.ru/

2 About environmental protection: the federal law January 10, 2002 N 7-FZ / URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34823/

3 On specially protected natural areas: Federal Law of March 14, 1995 No. 33-FZ / URL: http://base.garant.ru/10107990/#help Educational and scientific literature:

4 Environmental law: textbook / ed. S. A. Bogolyubova. -2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Yurayt Publishing House; Publishing house Jurayt, 2014. - 482 s

5 Sarkisov, O.R. Environmental law: textbook. aid for students higher professional institutions education / O.R. Sarkisov, E.L. Lyubarsky. -5th ed. revised and additional - Kazan: Center for Innovative Technologies, 2014. - 335 p.

6 Environmental law: a textbook for academic undergraduates / ed. S. A. Bogolyubova. - 5th ed., revised. and additional - M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2014. - 382 p.


List of illustration sources:

  • Slide No. 5 / URL: https://goo.gl/SCp3Rx
  • Slide number 8 / URL: https://goo.gl/8lEUXh
  • Slide number 10 / URL: https://goo.gl/Cs5Ida
  • Slide No. 11 / URL: https://goo.gl/0VsLhX
  • Slide number 13 / URL: https://goo.gl/e2Cm1g
  • Slide number 14 / URL: https://goo.gl/ipMvZw
  • Slide number 17 / URL: https://goo.gl/MvE7RV
  • Slide number 19 / URL: https://goo.gl/7sNKFu
  • Slide number 22 / URL: https://goo.gl/hZgFDf
  • Slide number 25 / URL: https://goo.gl/5mBrPy

List of video sources:

  • Slide No. 9 / URL: https://youtu.be/NUnSBQE92OI
  • Slide number 18 / URL: https://youtu.be/Sb4pbm816ng
  • Slide No. 23 /URL: https://youtu.be/ovkzCdTdQSI


Specially protected natural areas of Russia

In total, there are currently 204 operating in Russia SPNA federal level .


"On specially protected natural areas" dated March 14, 1995

« Specially protected natural areas (SPNA) - areas of land, water surface and air space above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health value, which are withdrawn by decisions of authorities state power wholly or partially from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established. Specially protected natural areas are classified as objects of national heritage.”


Reserve is a protected area where the entire natural complex is preserved in its natural state. Any species is prohibited in the reserve economic activity. It is created to preserve rare and endangered species of plants and animals and restore their numbers.

National Park is a specially protected area with intact natural complexes and unique natural and anthropogenic objects. Tourists are allowed to visit the national park on special routes , that is, it plays the role of a recreational facility.

Wildlife sanctuaries – these are territories where certain types and forms of economic activity are permanently or temporarily prohibited. The reserve protects individual natural components, for example, one or more species of plants and animals.


Barguzinsky Reserve created January 11, 1917 (December 29, 1916 old style)

Russia's first state reserve was created on the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal to preserve and restore the sable population. The area is 374 thousand hectares, including the water area of ​​Lake Baikal 15 thousand hectares.

In 1986, the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was awarded biosphere status. After 10 years, the reserve, along with other Baikal protected areas, was included in the list UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage "Lake Baikal".


Located in the Volga River delta, in the desert zone. Covers an area of ​​more than 62 hectares Caspian lowland, lying 28 m below sea level. Up to 50 species live here commercial fish, including sturgeon. There are 250 species of birds (herons, cormorants, pink pelicans). The most common mammals are wild boars, wolves, foxes, and otters. There are more than 290 plant species in the reserve. There are relics (salvinia, chilim), and a fabulous flower grows - the lotus.


created in 1920

ILMENSKY RESERVE , one of the oldest in Russia. Created in the North Chelyabinsk region for the protection of mountain landscapes Southern Urals and exceptional mineral wealth of the subsoil. The reserve is surrounded by pine and birch forests, meadows, swamps and steppes. There are about 1,200 species of plants, 48 ​​species of mammals, 163 of birds, 6 of reptiles, 3 of amphibians. Nesting site of whooper swan and gray crane. Lynx, wolf, capercaillie, and gray partridge are common. There is a mineralogical museum.


Purpose of creation:

Protection and comprehensive study of unique flora and characteristic forest-steppe communities. The reserve is located on the Eastern slope of the Central Russian Upland, on the banks of the Don and its tributary Bystraya Sosna, in the Zadonsky district of the Lipetsk region.


One of the oldest in the European part of Russia. Created in order to save the disappearing at the beginning from death XX century river beaver. The territory of the reserve occupies the northern half of the Usmansky pine forest, famous for the fact that its ship pines more than 300 years ago served as the basis for the construction of Peter the Great. I Russian fleet. In 1985, the reserve received the status biosphere reserve and began working under the UNESCO “Man and the Biosphere” program.


Bashkir Nature Reserve created in 1930

Located in the central part of the Southern Urals and in the bend of the river. White. Area 72 thousand hectares. Created for the protection and study of typical forest and forest-steppe landscapes. The mountains of the Southern Urals are covered with forests of pine, larch, and birch. Common animals include: elk, roe deer, Brown bear, lynx, pine marten, Siberian weasel, chipmunk, capercaillie, hazel grouse, red deer are acclimatized, trout and grayling are found in the rivers. In the bend of the river. White mixed and broadleaf forests. Within the reserve there is Kapova Cave.


Kandalaksha State nature reserve located on more than 370 islands. From 705 sq. Its area is almost 500 km in water area and its most abundant inhabitants are sea colonial birds. Water Barents Sea heated warm current There is no Gulf Stream and no ice cover in winter, but summer temperatures are low and the vegetation here is tundra. Famous bird colonies are formed on the rocky shores of the islands.


One of the largest in Russia. Mountain country, decorated with a necklace of more than two and a half thousand lakes, the largest of which is Teletskoye. The pearl of the plant kingdom is cedar. Animals Snow Leopard, Mountain sheep argali, golden eagle, black vulture, Altai snowcock and many others are listed in the Red Book.

Since 1998, the reserve has been included in the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage List.


Ussuri Nature Reserve founded 1932

The Ussuri Nature Reserve is located in the Primorsky Territory, in the southwestern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin ridge. Founded to protect the natural complexes of Southern Primorye. Located in cedar-broadleaf, black fir, elm and ash forests. There is ginseng, lemongrass, wild grapes from rare species Animals under protection are tiger, leopard, red deer, and Himalayan bear.


This is the northernmost of the reserves Far East occupies two islands of the Chukchi Sea - Wrangel and Herald, as well as the adjacent water area and is located on the territory of the Magadan region. The purpose of the creation is to preserve and study the ecosystems of the island part of the Arctic, as well as species such as the polar bear, walrus, white goose and many other species of Beringian flora and fauna with high level endemism.


It is located in the interfluve of the Reseta and Vytebeti rivers, the right tributaries of the Zhizdra, which flows into the Oka. Once upon a time there was an abattoir (defense) zone of the Moscow state, guarded with XVI By XVIII centuries, thanks to which you can see preserved oak forests on the territory of the reserve. Together with broad-leaved and small-leaved forest plantations they are a refuge for many rare species of plants and animals. Since 2000, the bison, a very rare animal listed in the Red Book, has had full authority on the territory of the reserve.


The national park is located in Yukhnovsky, Iznoskovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Peremyshlsky, Babyninsky and Kozelsky districts Kaluga region in the valleys of the rivers Ugra, Zhizdra and Oka.

Ugra National Park was created for the purpose of protecting and recreational use Central Russian landscapes. There are rare plants - water chestnut chilim, protected plants - snow-white water lily, yellow water lily, marsh whitewing, floating salvinia, umbrella susak. Floodplain lakes are the habitat of the muskrat, a species listed in the Red Book of Russia. The park is home to elk, wild boar, roe deer, beaver, and muskrat. An interesting natural monument is "Devil's Settlement" - a pile of sandstone boulders left by a glacier, where rare plants are noted - microscopic luminous moss and relict centipede fern. Beavers are found on Vyssa, and waterfowl are numerous in the Oka floodplain. In the territory national park There are historical, cultural and archaeological monuments: Stone Age sites, medieval settlements, burial mounds, memorial estates. Associated with the Ugra Valley major battles during the period of the Tatar-Mongol and Polish-Lithuanian invasions, the war of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War. Near Zhizdra there are famous centers of spiritual life - the Optina Pustyn and Shamordino monasteries, associated with the names of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.

In 2002, the UNESCO diploma awarded the status of a biosphere reserve.


Every year April 22 is celebrated - Earth Day .

National parks and reserves of Russia joined the holiday in 1995, since then

April 22 is celebrated in our country as International holiday reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and natural monuments.

Class hour on the topic: “January 11 – Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks”

Target: contribute to the formation of a caring attitude towards nature.

Tasks : develop cognitive interest to events in the life of the country;

cultivate curiosity and careful attitude to nature home country;

contribute to the formation communication skills schoolchildren;

continue to work on developing students’ speech when presenting material.

Equipment : m/m projector, screen, computer, presentation on the topic “Specially protected natural areas.”

Progress of the event:

1 SLIDE Introductory speech by the teacher.

2 SLIDE Specially protected natural areas (SPNA) - areas of land, water surface and air space above them, where natural complexes and objects are located that have special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health value, which are withdrawn in whole or in part from economic use and for which a special protection regime has been established.

3 SLIDE In Russia there are more than 13 thousand protected areas of federal, regional and local significance, the total area of ​​which (including marine areas) exceeds 200 million hectares, which is 11.9% of the territory of Russia. Of them:

102 nature reserves;

46 national parks;

70 natural reserves;

Natural monuments.

4 SLIDE Look carefully at the map. This slide depicts the territory of our country and reserves are indicated with red dots. They are located in different natural areas, have their own characteristics, but the most important thing that unites them is the desire of man to preserve nature with all its diversity. This will be discussed in our class today.

5 SLIDE January 11 - Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks. An official holiday that has been celebrated annually in the Russian Federation since 1997 on the initiative of the Security Center wildlife and the World Wildlife Fund.

6 SLIDE The choice of ecologists to hold the “Day of Nature Reserves and National Parks” fell on this date - January 11th - not by chance. It was on this day, in 1916, that the first Russian Empire state reserve, called the Barguzinsky Reserve.

7 SDAYD Barguzinsky Biosphere Reserve.

8 SLIDE The area of ​​the reserve is 374 thousand hectares. The goal is to preserve and study the Barguzin sable. In 1986, Barguzinsky state reserve assigned biosphere status. The reserve is located on the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal, on the slopes of the Barguzinsky ridge. More than half of its territory is mountain tundra, a third is occupied by mountain taiga forests, and only slightly more than 16% of the reserve’s territory is located on the Baikal coast.

9 SLIDE The reserve is home to 132 species of fungi, 212 species of lichens, 1241 species of lower algae, 1024 species higher plants, incl. 886 vascular and 147 mosses. Of these, 38 plant species and 9 lichens are included in the Red Book of Russia.

The protected plants of the reserve are shown on the slide. (PAUSE)

10 SLIDE The reserve protects 41 species of mammals: elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrews, black-capped marmot. In the waters of the reserve there are Baikal omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen,

lenok and other types of fish. The protected animals of the reserve are shown on the slide. (PAUSE)

11 SLIDE “Wrangel Island” is a state nature reserve.

12 SLIDE The Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve was established on March 23, 1976. Square security zone- 795,593 hectares.

It occupies two islands of the Chukchi Sea - Wrangel Island and Herald Island, and the adjacent water area. Located on the territory of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Goal: conservation of unique animals of the Arctic.

13 SLIDE The nature of the Arctic is characterized by the uniqueness of both flora and fauna.

*Inhabited by arctic fox, ermine, wolverine, walruses, wild reindeer, wolves, red foxes wander in. But the most famous resident of the islands is the polar bear.

*Wrangel and Herald Islands are known as the world's largest concentration of ancestral dens polar bear. In some years, up to 300-500 bears make dens in the reserve.

*In 1975, 20 musk oxen were brought to the islands for acclimatization. Currently there are 800–900 of them on the island.

14 SLIDE * Among the birds lives the white goose, which forms its only large nesting colony of several tens of thousands of pairs preserved in Russia and Asia.

* Brent geese, common eiders and common eiders nest regularly,

very small quantity Siberian eider, pintails and waders.

* On steep sea ​​shores- bird markets, numbering in the 60s 50-100 thousand thick-billed guillemots, 30-40 thousand kittiwakes, 3 thousand cormorants.

15 SLIDE The flora of Wrangel Island has no analogues in the Arctic in its richness. To date, 417 species and subspecies of plants have been identified in the reserve. Endemics also include a variety of anemone, subspecies

Lapland poppy, Gorodkov and Ushakov poppies, Wrangel's cinquefoil. Quantity known species mosses - 331, lichens - 310 species.

16 SLIDE Astrakhan Nature Reserve. Purpose of creation: conservation of the nature of the Volga River and the Caspian coast, protection of nesting and migration sites of waterfowl, fish spawning grounds and rare plants- lotus, chilima, pondweed, cattail.

17 SLIDE The reserve was established on April 11, 1919 by the decision of the public Academic Commission at Astrakhan University. The area of ​​the reserve is 67,917 hectares.

Located in the lower reaches of the Volga River delta, in the Astrakhan region. The slide shows the location of this reserve.

18 SLIDE In total, the reserve is home to 280 species of birds, of which 72 species rare birds, including 40 species that nest, 22 species that occur during migration, and 10 species that are vagrant, that is, they appear occasionally.

White cranes, the Siberian Cranes, one of the rarest birds on the planet, stop here during their migration; Dalmatian pelicans, little cormorants, spoonbills, and Egyptian herons nest here. All these species are listed in the International Red Book.

19 SLIDE The reserve is home to 60 species of fish: sturgeon (beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon), herring (Caspian belly, Volga herring, blackback), carp (roach, bream, carp, rudd, chub, asp, sabrefish, silver crucian), pike , pike perch, perch, gobies, stickleback and others.

20 SLIDE Mammals Astrakhan Nature Reserve are represented by 17 species, of which: wild boars, wolves, foxes, otters, stoats, water rats, baby mice, etc.

21 SLIDE To plants with beneficial properties, include: fodder - 118 species, medicinal - 59, melliferous - 41, decorative - 40, food - 26, technical - 20, essential oil - 10, dyeing - 9, oilseed - 6 species. There are 77 weeds and 7 species of poisonous plants.

The reserve's vegetation is represented by four types - shrub, forest, meadow and aquatic.

22 SLIDE Woody vegetation is part of the group of deciduous floodplain forests. Bedside willow forests are of great water conservation importance, restraining the erosion and collapse of banks and the shallowing of river beds. Species composition woody vegetation is presented on the slide.

23 SLIDE Meadow vegetation forms three types of meadows: swampy, true and steppe. Representatives of meadow vegetation are on the slide. (PAUSE)

24 SLIDE Aquatic vegetation is represented by real aquatic and amphibious vegetation. The present aquatic vegetation of the reserve occupies 6.7 thousand hectares. Vegetation water bodies- on the slide

25 SLIDE The slide shows rare and endangered plant species of the Astrakhan Nature Reserve (PAUSE).

26 SLIDE Another protected natural site is the Losiny Ostrov National Park.

27 SLIDE The slide shows the territory of this natural object. Please note that part of this park is located on the territory of our Balashikha district.

28 SLIDE Losiny Ostrov is one of the first national parks in Russia. Located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region (Balashikha urban district, Korolev urban district, Shchelkovsky district and the urban settlement of Mytishchi. The largest forest area in Moscow.

total area national park - 116,215 km². The forest occupies 96.04 km² (83% of the territory), of which 30.77 km² (27%) are located within the city of Moscow. The rest is occupied by reservoirs - 1.69 km² (2%) and swamps - 5.74 km² (5%).

29 SLIDE The park is divided into three functional zones: 1. Specially protected zone 47%; 2. Area for walking and sports 27%, open to limited visits along established routes;

3. Recreation area 26%, open to mass tourists.

The national park includes several forest parks:

1.Alekseevsky forest park

2.Mytishchi Forest Park

3.Yauza Forest Park

4.Losinoostrovsky forest park

5.Losino-Pogonny forest park

6. Shchelkovsky forest park

30 SLIDE Losiny Ostrov has been known since 1406. In 1564, Ivan IV hunted bears here. The first forestry was founded here in 1842.

In 1844, forester Vasily Gershner began the creation of man-made forests on Losiny Ostrov. The idea of ​​creating a national park was put forward by the head of the forestry, collegiate adviser Sergei Vasilyevich Dyakov, back in 1912. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer “green belt” around Moscow.

31 SLIDE Most of the forest was cut down during the Great Patriotic War. In 1979, by a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies, Losiny Ostrov was transformed into a natural park, and on August 24, 1983, by a decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a national park was formed.

32 SLIDE The national park is located in the subzone of deciduous-spruce forests of the temperate zone. Losiny Ostrov is home to 32 species of woody plants and 37 species of shrubs. Forest-forming tree species - birch (46% of the forested area), pine (22%), spruce (16%), linden (13%),

oak (3%).

33 SLIDE Species of herbaceous plants classified as rare and subject to protection in Moscow and the Moscow region are widely represented. Here is the only place in the near Moscow region where liverwort nobly grows naturally.

34 SLIDE The slide presents representatives of the fauna of the Losiny Ostrov National Park.

35 SLIDE Call of the Tiger National Park.

36 SLIDE The national park was created for the purpose of preserving and restoring the natural complexes of the Primorsky Territory. Formed on June 2, 2007. The Call of the Tiger National Park is located in the south-eastern part of Primorsky Krai. The length from north to south is 42 km, from west to east 39 km.

37 SLIDE The slide shows animals listed in the Red Book of Russia. (PAUSE).

38 SLIDE Vegetable world Call of the Tiger National Park is distinguished by its rich species diversity. In the protected area you can see not only modern views plants, but also representatives of ancient flora. The size of cedars is surprising: they are often more than 400 years old; these taiga giants began their life under Ivan the Terrible. Plants of the Primorsky Territory - on the slide.

39 SLIDE THINK (summarizing the material in the form of questions).



Similar articles