Scenario for an event on the topic of protected areas of Kuzbass. Flora, fauna and the best attractions of nature reserves and national parks of the Kemerovo region

Flora. The vegetation cover of the park is dominated by black taiga. Forests are represented by mountain types of communities. Communities with Siberian pine and Siberian fir predominate. Spruce, pine, downy birch, and aspen are much less common. In the age structure, the most significant proportion is of middle-aged and ripening plantings. Specific gravity Mature plantings account for only about one-fifth of the forested land. The most common are tall-grass and broad-grass types of forest communities. The proportion of moss and shrub-forb forest types is less significant, with bird cherry and mountain ash in the undergrowth, and in the grass cover with female moss grass, bracken, northern borax, tall larkspur, and forest damselfish. The share of other forest types is insignificant. In the forests of the mid-mountain part of Shoria, a unique and rich mountain flora is preserved Southern Siberia. Its botanical attractions include such rare plant species as Siberian kandyk, lady's slipper grandiflora, lady's slipper, and rhodiola rosea.

I picked a flower and it withered.

I caught a beetle - and it died in my palm.

And then I realized that you can only touch beauty with your heart.

Pavol Gvezdoslav, Slovak poet, humanist

2016, Mariinsk

The reserve was founded in 1989.

Unique in Kuznetsk Alatau for inland regions northern hemisphere is the existence of small forms of glaciers at unusually low absolute altitudes - 1200-1500 m above sea level. mind. No glaciers have been found in any of the inland regions of the northern hemisphere at similar latitudes. There are 32 glaciers on the territory of the reserve, 6.79 square meters. km. Of these, the largest in Kuzbass is the Glacier of expedition members with an area of ​​0.3 square meters. km. Located in the vicinity of the Middle Kanym Mountain.

Lake Srednetersinskoye

The most deep lake Kuzbass. Its depth is 60 meters.

Rybnoye Lake

The largest mountain-glacial lake in the region, its length is 1000 m, width is 500 meters. The Verkhnyaya Ters River, one of the the most beautiful rivers reserve. In the lake

The lake form of grayling inhabits permanently.

Mount Bolshoy Kanym, height 1872 m above sea level. mind.

Mountain Suitcase

The Kiya River originates in the area of ​​the Suitcase char on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the second source is located on Mount Medvezhiy char.

Mount Suitcase, height – 1357 m above sea level. mind. The remnant of the most ancient relief of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge. At the foot there is a high moss bog, on the slopes there are thickets of Radiola rosea and Leuzea sofloridae, here are the summer stations of reindeer, roe deer, and maral. Rare species of birds nest - peregrine falcon, saker falcon.

Krestovskie swamps

Located at the foot of Pestraya Mountain (1347 m above sea level)

Raised bogs with typical vegetation. During spring-autumn migrations, ungulates concentrate here.

The park was organized in 1990 by Shorsky national park located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagol administrative district. Length of territory national park from north to south 110 km, from east to west 90 km. On the territory Mountain Shoria There are 25 natural monuments (geological, water, botanical, complex), of which 6 are the most accessible and visited:

Saga Waterfall

- a unique hydrological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. Saga Waterfall - located in a small canyon 200 meters from the left bank of the Mras-Su River. The Sholbychak stream falls from a height of 15 meters, breaking on the stones, and a lake with a small grotto calms down. There are many rare and medicinal herbs in the canyon.

"Kizas caves"

- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky State Natural National Park. Limestone outcrop on the right bank of the Mras-su River, above the mouth of the Kizas River. Length – about 200 m.

Cave "Nadezhda"

- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. The Nadezhda Cave is located 2.5 km below the mouth of the Kizas River, on the right turn. Length – about 200m.

"Monument to a Soldier"

- a geological natural monument located on the territory of the Shorsky National Park.

Rock "Drinking Elephant"

- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. Located on the left bank of the Mrassu River.

Vaucluse "Kabuksky"

- hydrological natural monument. The Vaucluse is a large spring fed by karst groundwater.

The Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve today is a dynamically developing modern multidisciplinary cultural complex that successfully combines museum specifics. In 20 years, practically from scratch, it has turned into a real museum of the 21st century and is rightfully the pride of Kuzbass.

The rock on which the drawings of ancient people are preserved


Ancient sanctuary.

View of the Tom River.

Other unusual exhibits of the reserve.



There is just a temple

There is a temple of science

And there is also a temple of nature,

With scaffolding reaching out

Towards the sun and winds.

He is holy at any time of the year,

Open to us in hot and cold weather.

Come here, be a little hearty,

Do not desecrate his shrines.

A. Smirnov

We are immensely rich

In our thickets and groves

So many different birds

You're just amazed.

And, of course, it’s alarming

That sometimes we are godless

We don't keep what we have

We do not spare, we do not regret,

Not responsible for anything.

Like just a little bit

To us on this planet

All that remains is to live and rule.

Not like the owners,

This is how we destroy our good.

And we are proud of nature

And we love the fatherland.

References

1. Atlas of the Kemerovo region.

2. Kovrigina, the world of Kuzbass and its protection: [Text] / , . – Kemerovo, 1995. – 111 p.

3. Soloviev, Kemerovo region. Nature [Text] / . – Kemerovo: Kuzbass”; , 2006. – 384 p.

4. Soloviev, notebook on the region: creative assignments in geography native land for students in grades 6-10 of general education institutions in the Kemerovo region [Text] / . – Kemerovo, 2003. – 184 p.

Electronic resources

1. http://ecokem. ru

2. http://krasivye-mesta. ru

3. http://shpilenok.

4. http://subscribe. ru

5. http://trasa. ru

The nature in the Kemerovo region is very rich - this is the taiga, where rare relict forests are found; alpine meadows, steppe and forest-steppe; cedar and spruce forests; a lot of lakes and rivers. But every year the state of nature becomes worse. People interfere more and more often in her life. The diversity of animal species is decreasing, forests are disappearing, rivers are drying up, and lakes are becoming swamped. The earth may become uninhabitable for human life if measures are not taken. There is only one way out - to preserve nature. This can be done with the help of nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, natural monuments.

Slide 3

On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve of federal significance, the Shorsky national park, and the Tomsk Pisanitsa historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve.

Slide 4

“Kuznetsky Alatau” Chulym Tom State nature reserve “Kuznetsky Alatau” was created on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The reserve contains the sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob, the Tom and Chulym rivers.

Slide 5

The purpose of creating the reserve is to protect weakly forest ecosystems, as well as protecting the reindeer population.

Slide 6

Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau nature reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and cedar pine Siberian Spruce Cedar pine Siberian fir There are many clearings in fir forests. They grow: tall wrestler, Siberian skerda, variegated thistle, nettle, tall honeysuckle. Along the valleys of taiga rivers, downy birch, willow, currant, bush alder and rowan grow.

Slide 7

In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve. The reserve contains 41 species of little-studied and rare birds, whose numbers are gradually declining. Typical sedentary inhabitants of the taiga are wood grouse, nutcracker, jay, jay, nuthatch and others. jay nutcracker capercaillie kuksha nuthatch

Slide 8

The reserve's fish fauna consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers. grayling taimen In slow-moving waters there are pike, perch and burbot. pike perch burbot

Slide 9

The mammal fauna of Kuznetsk Alatau includes 65 species. The majority are inhabitants of the taiga. These are the badger, tiny shrew, otter, Altai mole, chipmunk, red-gray vole and others. badger shrew otter vole Brown bear, fox, wolf and elk are also widely represented in the forests of the reserve. bear Fox wolf moose

Slide 10

The reserve's protection regime makes it possible to effectively protect non-nomadic animals, such as sable, and preserve migratory animals, such as reindeer. sable Reindeer affects the most nomadic species of animals - roe deer, elk, deer. roe deer elk deer

Slide 11

Shorsky National Park Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of a decree of the Soviet Government dated December 27, 1989. The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the Tashtagol district. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km. The national park was created with the aim of preserving unique areas of cedar growth, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as preserving the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.

Slide 12

Currently, more than 60 rare and endangered plant species listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Kemerovo region have been identified on the territory of the national park. These are species such as: curly lily (saranka), Siberian princeling, single-seeded ephedra, Siberian thyme, Altai rhubarb and other species. lily thyme ephedra princely rhubarb

Slide 13

Maral root, kandyk-iris, Asian swimsuit, which grow on the territory of the reserve, are also listed in the Red Book. maral root swimsuit kandyk-iris

Slide 14

cedar aspen Siberian fir The leading plants of the national park are cedar, Siberian fir, and aspen.

Slide 15

black stork golden eagle gray heron peregrine falcon needle-tailed swift falcon 6 species of birds are also listed in the Red Book: black stork, gray heron, needle-tailed swift, golden eagle, falcon, peregrine falcon.

Slide 16

The park is home to about 60 species of mammals. Among them are muskrat, weasel, white hare, squirrel, and musk deer. muskrat squirrel White hare musk deer

Slide 17

There are many natural monuments located on the territory of the national park. One of them is the Saga waterfall. The Saga waterfall occupies 30,000 square meters. m, located on the Sholbychak stream (left bank of Mrassu) 300 m from the Mrassu river. An eighteen-meter waterfall falls in several cascades into a small, icy lake. At the waterfall there is a small grotto that turns into a cave with a very narrow entrance.

Slide 18

"Royal Gate" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the Mrassu River. The rocks are 100 meters high and drop steeply into the water. They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tint. In cloudy weather they become a moody gray with a purple tint.

Slide 19

Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! The strong, original and talented Shor people have lived here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection. For this purpose, the State Natural National Park "Shorsky" was created.

Slide 20

Tomsk Pisanitsa This special museum is located approximately 60 km. from the city to pine forest on the banks of the Tom River in the open air. It all started with the discovery of ancient drawings or writings on the coastal rocks. This is where the name came from - Pisanitsa, which gave the name to both the rocks - Pisanaya Rocks, and the nearby village - Pisanaya. The drawings were discovered back in the 16th and 17th centuries, but other than being of narrow interest to specialists and researchers, they no longer had any significance. It was only in the 70-80s of the last century that work began on the restoration and preservation of rock paintings.

Slide 21

The rocks were assigned protected status and around them, in fact, the creation of an open-air museum began. A staircase was built, which is a descent to the rock, and educational activities were launched among the population. Over the years (especially in recent years 20) exhibitions were created telling about the mythology of the peoples who inhabited Siberia, and, in particular, Kuzbass, architectural and ethnographic complexes, a small zoo

Slide 22

The flora of Tomsk Pisanitsa is rich and varied. About 400 species of higher plants (1/4 of the flora of the Kemerovo region) were found on its territory, of which 39 species of trees and shrubs, numerous herbaceous plants. Of these, 5 species are tertiary relicts, one species, feather feather grass, is included in the Red Book. About 40 species are rare in Kuzbass and need protection. FEATHER GRASS

Slide 23

The fauna is diverse. The reserve is crossed by an ancient moose trail leading to the crossing of the Tom River, and moose regularly pass along it. In winter, wolves and lynxes come running. The permanent inhabitants of the museum-reserve are fox, mink, weasel, ermine, weasel, badger, hare, squirrel, chipmunk. There are many small rodents - mice and voles, and there are 3 species of bats. MINK COLUMNS WEASEL

Neonila Fedorovna Egorova - geography teacher, Svetlana Yuryevna Egorova - teacher, GSUVOU KSOSH named after. E.G. Felde, Kemerovo region, p. Verkhotomskoe.

Form: correspondence travel to the fascinating places of your native land.

Epigraph:“Spreading the blue expanses proudly,

You bloom like May

beautiful region, Kuznetsk region.”

Target: nurturing love and respect for the small Motherland, development cognitive interest to the unique beauty and diversity of nature of their native land. Creating emotional situations that affect the child’s feelings, introducing him to the ecological culture of the region.

Equipment: map of Kuzbass, marks of reserves, computer presentation.

Presenter 1: Today we will take a trip to the unique places of the Kemerovo region. You will learn about the protected areas of our region: nature reserves, nature reserves, natural monuments, and national parks. I would like you guys to feel how dear these territories are to our people and why they are protected.

As you already know, all our lands, subsoil, waters, forests are declared by law to be the property of the whole people and are under state protection. The forms of protection are varied, but the goal is the same - to reliably protect this or that natural complex from possible destruction and preserve it for future generations.

If the state declares some area as a protected area, this means that it plays a huge role as a reserve. clean air, water as a habitat for the most valuable species of animals or plants. This means that in the future, perhaps, its value will be so great that it cannot be repaid by any other wealth.

Presenter 2. According to the degree of severity of the reserve regime, the following protected areas are distinguished: reserves, biosphere reserves, sanctuaries, natural monuments, landscape parks, cultural natural objects.

Presenter 1. Reserve- This is the most important form of special, strict nature protection. What is a reserve?

Imagine a scientific research institute. We walk along a long corridor. Our attention is drawn to a sign with the inscription: “Quiet!” Experience is underway! There, behind the laboratory door, some problem is being solved.

Exactly the same warning sign serves as a full house with the inscription “Border of the reserve”, or “Caution! Protected area."

The reserve is also a laboratory, only in living nature. On the lands of the reserve, any construction, deforestation, hunting, fishing, tourism, picking mushrooms, berries, grazing livestock, plowing fields, that is, within the boundaries of protected area exclusively scientific environmental protection activities are carried out, no interventions - “it preserves the beauty of the earth, a pristine corner of nature.” It’s not for nothing that “Chur Zapovedna” called his book about nature reserves that way famous writer and nature conservationist Oleg Volkov. The creation of nature reserves is the most effective measure to preserve the gene pool of living organisms on our planet.

In the 70s of the 20th century, biosphere reserves began to be created, the purpose of which was to preserve standard areas of the biosphere. There are scientific works in the field of environmental management and protection environment. Today in Russia there are 99 nature reserves, 18 of which are biosphere reserves, including our Kuznetsk Alatau, which we will talk about later.

Presenter 2. Reserves. There are many of them in our country and they are diverse. Only in our Kemerovo region there are more than 22 of them. “Order” is very old Russian word and means a prohibition on something. “Ordered” means “don’t touch or do it wisely.” Unlike nature reserves, nature reserves are formed only temporarily, to solve some problem; No scientific work is carried out here and the security regime is less strict. In nature reserves economic activity is permitted only to the extent that it does not disturb the peace and does not cause harm to protected objects.

Presenter 1. National parks– these are territories that have special ecological, historical and aesthetic value. They are used for scientific, cultural, educational purposes, and for regulated tourism. There are 31 national parks in Russia, including our Gorno-Shorsky national park of Russian significance.

Presenter 1. Natural monuments– these are individual unique natural objects (waterfalls, caves, rocks, geysers, ancient trees) that have scientific, historical, cultural and aesthetic significance. One should not confuse a natural monument with a nature reserve. A natural monument is, first of all, the object itself (a tree, a cave), and a nature reserve is a corner of the earth. There are a huge number of natural monuments in our region. We will meet some of them today.

Presenter 2. Museums - reserves– this phrase seems strange at first glance. These two words seem to contradict each other - the museum is designed to receive visitors, and the more, the better, but the reserve, on the contrary, is closed to the public. Nevertheless, museums and reserves exist - these are complexes of historical and architectural buildings. They are inseparable from the parks surrounding them, that is, a museum with an entire natural complex. For example: “Solovetsky Islands”, “Written Rocks” in the Kemerovo region.

(Music “Now a birch tree, now a rowan tree”).

Presenter 1. The world in which we live is beautiful and great, and in this world there is a corner dear to the heart, where you were born, where you live and study, here are your roots, here the planet begins for you, life itself begins here. This is your small Motherland, whose name is Kuzbass!

Presenter 2. They say: Gray Ural, Sunny Crimea, Pearl Sevan...

But what should we call our Kuzbass, what should we compare it with, what epithet should we choose? Let's try to go on an absentee trip to some unique places in our native land.

(Music background).

Student: historical background. As of March 22, 2011, there were officially 18 specially protected areas in the region: (on map) State Nature Reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau", State Natural Shorsky National Park, 13 zoological reserves, special staircase "Celestial Teeth", 24 natural monuments with a total area of ​​1 million 388 thousand 664 hectares or 14.2% of the territory of the entire region.

Presenter 1. If you know the highest point in the Kemerovo region " Upper tooth"and tell me in which mountains it is located, you will find out (or maybe even know) the name biosphere reserve, where the kingdom of sable, reindeer, elk, morality is, where there are strict restrictions on aviation: jet planes have no right to overcome the sound barrier over its territory; all flights must be carried out at a significant altitude so as not to disturb the peace of the inhabitants of the reserve. The area of ​​the reserve is more than 400 thousand. kV. km, it is located near Mount Tserkovnaya in the Kuznetsk Alatau and is called (what?) –

The reserve is home to 22 species of rare, endangered plants, 27 species of medicinal plants, including radiola rosea (golden root), leuzea safflower (maral root), lady's slipper. 100 species of mammals are protected: deer, elk, roe deer, sable, and musk deer are also found. Wild reindeer constantly live and migrate within the Kuznetsk Alatau. The bird fauna is represented by more than one hundred and fifty species: 25 of them are rare and endangered, such as the black stork and golden eagle.

Musical screensaver.

Presenter 2. There are wonderful poems by one of the Kuzbass poets about mountain Shoria, let's listen.

Reader. Oh Shoria, you are my quiet joy and my pain,

I love you both in bitter and happy moments,

And I believe that the secret is ancient, eternal, yours.

Kept where the edge is majestically quiet.

Presenter 2. And we are going to the south of the Kemerovo region, to the mountainous Shoria to get acquainted with the most important natural monument - Shorsky National Park. The nature of the park is amazing: it is clean and transparent mountain rivers, uniquely beautiful surroundings of mountains, beautiful taiga flowers, trees, grass. They say about it: “Tourists relax here and preserve nature.” The park was formed by Decree of the Union of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 386 of December 27, 1989. The area of ​​the national park is 338 thousand 345 hectares.

Student. Shorsky National Park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

The terrain is complex and mountainous. Average height above sea level 500-800 m, individual peaks reach 1600-1800 m. High ridges enclosing Mountain Shoria from the west with the Salair ridge, from the south - Altai mountain system and from the east by the Kuznetsk Alatau and Western Sayan ridges, create a unique microclimate. Snow lasts for more than six months, from October to April. The prevailing winds are from the south and southwest.

In the territory of the national park there are fast and turbulent mountain rivers. One of which is the Mras-Su River, which amazes with its beauty and is a tributary main river Kuzbass - Tom River. The fauna of the national park is rich, there are many commercial and hunting species: white hare, squirrel, sable, American mink, weasel, otter, wolverine, fox, wolf, lynx, elk. Except listed types there are Siberian moles, chipmunks, water vole, muskrat, common hamster, ermine, weasel, steppe polecat, badger, brown bear, wild reindeer, musk deer, roe deer, deer. From rare species Birds in the park include black stork, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, and osprey. The rivers are inhabited by grayling, lenok, taimen .

(Music background).

Presenter 1. The hike continues. We are at "Royal" at the "gate". These royal gates are also a natural monument. These rocks are picturesque, they contain magnetic ore, this monument is located in the lower reaches of the Mrassu River, on the road to Kabarza.

Presenter 2. Eat interesting riddle. Where in Kuzbass is a haystack smaller than a haystack? Of course, you may not know that a haystack is a mountain atGavrilovsky Bor, its height is 557m.

In the old days they said: “It is dangerous to touch the Kopna hill.” God forbid you disturb the aquifer, the village will be flooded and filled with water! And how much gold there is! It's all underwater.

The legend says. God Ilios did a great job here. He poured golden life-giving rays onto the earth and gave her eternal metal. And adits and gold mines appeared, passions flared up! Gold destroyed people, and itself went under water. They say “Gavrilovsky bor is good!

There is also an invitation: “Come to the “mine” - come in peace, take care of antiquity, take care of nature.

Presenter1. Our journey continues. We are near the city of Spassk - the “golden capital” of the oldest large mine on Kuznetsk land. A majestic picture opens before us - the Spassky “palaces”. This is a granite family of rocks, a natural monument.

The rocks are strict, gloomy, inaccessible, unique. Spassky Palaces – good school for tourists and beginner climbers.

(Film about the Siberian linden tree).

Presenter 2. There is a popular saying: Whoever looks ahead 50 years will plant a poplar there. And those who have 200 - plant a linden tree. How can we understand this? Yes, that’s how you understand that you need to know about linden.

Student. In the taiga of Mountain Shoria you can find a tree that is completely unusual for our forests - the Siberian linden. And if you walk a few hours from Mundybash along old road towards Kuzedeev, you can find yourself in a mysterious and very ancient kingdom called “Linden Island”.

The natural monument is located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the basin of the right tributaries of the Kondoma River, the Small Tesh River and the Bolshoy Tesh River. ( Show on map). Siberian linden - its habitat consists of separate areas - “islands”. The largest site is “Kuzedeevsky Linden Island”. Occupied area 11,030 hectares.

The island turned 100 years old, Kuzbass residents cherish the linden island like the apple of their eye. They did not allow the island to be dug, they did not allow mining there coal, the Siberian women became a wall to protect the linden tree. People said: pine - cedar - feeds, linden - shoes, millions of Russian peasants put on linden bast shoes. The bast shoes wore out quickly; they were required for 1 year - 1 person - 40 pairs. For one pair of bast shoes, you need to tear off the bark of 3 young bast shoes. So they destroyed the linden tree. Now they are taking care of it. This is honey medicine, freshness and beauty!

Presenter 2. So that’s where the saying “Rip off like a stick” comes from.

Presenter 1. This is also suitable for humans. “Kuzedeevsky Linden Island Reserve” is a unique relict grove of Siberian linden, which has been preserved here since the pre-glacial era.

Sergei Dmitrievich Tivyakov about “Linden Island”.

Presenter 2. Our journey continues.

Student. In the Mariinsky district, on the left bank of the Kiya River, there is a nature reserve Chumaisko – Irkutyanovsky(p show on the map). Its lakes are rich in carp, its river is rich in fish, its forests are rich in animals. It is difficult to get to the reserve by river! You can run into the Bandit Threshold. You can fall into the “Dead Pit”, you can get lost among the hundred-meter cliffs of the “White Stone Reach”, you can end up in a caral cave. And in the caves, “chandeliers” are multi-colored, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow, stalactites hang from the ceiling like icicles, below are white stalagmites like marble columns, and between them are bottomless lakes with cold water, deep grottoes and wide cracks. There is the “Giant” mountain and the “Father and Son” family of stones, and the “lonely” ledge and many nameless rocks. Sable and beaver are protected by law here. And in the Chumai Museum there is a document about the Chumai peasant uprising.

Presenter 1. Next to the Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky reserve there is another protected area - the Barzassky reserve - beaver and elk. Very close to the Mariinsky Highway, along which prisoners walked to hard labor.

The age-old taiga roars here, and the cedar trees stand like giants,

and dark coniferous firs rustle among the birches

are protected by law and people are worshiped,

for kindness, attention - they say thank you.

Presenter 2. Our route runs along the right bank of the Tom River. And we find ourselves in an open-air museum. This region is the most interesting in Kuzbass. How did it arise? This surprised, surprises and will continue to surprise historians of Russia and Kuzbass.

Presenter 1. The most remarkable monument, truly a masterpiece of world art, is Tomsk writing. And it is located near the village of Kolmogorovo in the Yashkinsky district. (Show on map). Imagine rocks on which ancient people wrote in unusual ways. And they wrote with drawings, from which we learn how they lived, what animals roamed there, how they hunted with an ax and a spear, how they got food so as not to die of hunger. These rocks were called “written”. Scientists at Kemerovo University not only copied the drawings, but also interpreted the artistic intent of the ancient man.

Presenter 1. Tomsk pisanitsa is a unique natural complex that allows education based on its own history.

(Music background).

Presenter 1. So our journey through some amazing, unique places in Kuzbass has ended, with extraordinarily beautiful open spaces, countless gifts of nature, about which we are now showing great concern and which need careful attitude to them and security. Well, we'll go back to our school.

Consolidation. So guys, what was our topic today?

What protected areas were we talking about today?

How many specially protected areas are there in Kuzbass? (18).

Give examples. As of March 22, 2011, there were officially 18 specially protected areas in the region: (on map) State Nature Reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau", State Natural Shorsky National Park, 13 zoological reserves, special staircase "Celestial Teeth", 24 natural monuments with a total area of ​​1 million 388 thousand 664 hectares or 14.2% of the territory of the entire region.

What tasks are performed when organizing protected areas?

(preservation of living organisms, environmental protection, prevention of the development of destructive processes).

So what should we call our Kuzbass, what should we compare it with, what epithet should we choose?

Reader. Spreading its blue expanses proudly,

You bloom like May

My native land, mighty son of Siberia,

beautiful region, Kuznetsk region.

Teacher. Guys, you have just heard wonderful words about the wealth, beauty, and power of our region. And here there is not only concern for people, but also concern for the preservation of nature for ourselves and other generations.

Sources of information

  1. Soloviev, L.I. Geography of the Kemerovo region. Nature [Text]: textbook, manual / L.I. Soloviev. - Kemerovo: Skif-Kuzbass, 2006.
  2. http//www.shor-np.kemv.ru/ Website “Shorsky National Park”.

3. http//www.kuz-alatau. ru/ "Kuznetsky Alatau".

Part II. SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

Section 2. STATE NATURAL RESERVES OF THE KEMEROV REGION

Resolution of the Board of Administration of the Kemerovo Region dated October 14, 2009 No. 412

“On state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region” the validity period of existing state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region has been extended. As of December 31, 2009, there were 12 state nature reserves of regional significance operating in the Kemerovo region, intended to restore the number of game animals (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

State nature reserves of the Kemerovo region

p/p

Name of the state reserve

Location (administrative region)

Main protected species

Area, hectares

total

including

forested

occupied by herbaceous ecosystems

busy water bodies

Antibessky

Izhmorsky, Mariinsky, Chebulinsky

Beaver, roe deer

47738,7

34696

9781

121,8

Barzassky

Kemerovo

Beaver

62469,4

58967,9

2108,3

197,0

Belsinsky

Mezhdurechensky

Sable, maral, reindeer

77334

69563

Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky

Krapivinsky, Belovsky

Integrated species conservation

63378

48890,9

11900,1

342,1

Gorskinsky

Guryevsky

Capercaillie

12980,3

4921,9

4022,6

57,5

Kitat

Yaysky

Beaver, moose

47951,1

30126,27

16360,4

193,12

Nizhne-Tomsk

Yurginsky

Elk, roe deer

28485,5

15825,2

9786,1

593,8

Written

Yashkinsky, Kemerovo

Elk

29415,5

18887,8

9406,8

323,9

Saltymakovsky

Krapivinsky

Elk

31795,4

28077

2581

Salairsky

Promyshlennovsky, Guryevsky

Elk, capercaillie

38169

32116,2

2407,3

62,9

Razdolny

Yurginsky, Topkinsky

Roe deer, elk

14118,6

6227

6505

Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky

Chebulinsky, Tisulsky

Maral

23897,1

22571,2

991,5

145,8

Total:

477732,6

370870,4

76483,1

2383,92

2.1. Reforming the regional PA system

The total land area of ​​protected areas in the Kemerovo region is 1315505.6 hectares - one of the highest figures in Russia. However, despite this, the existing system of protected areas is not effective enough to conserve natural complexes and maintaining the normal functioning of components natural environment. Protected natural areas of federal significance, occupying 60% total area Protected areas have a relatively low impact on the restoration of the air basin of the Kemerovo region. Due to the fact that they are geographically located in the east and southeast of the region, in conditions of the predominance of western transport of air masses, they have a greater impact on the Republic of Khakassia than on the Kemerovo region. The established migration routes of ungulates show that the wintering grounds of roe deer, elk, and deer are located outside the region - in the Republic of Khakassia. State nature reserves of the Kemerovo region provide only the protection of hunting and commercial species of animals.

Specially protected natural areas The Kemerovo region currently consists of isolated and semi-isolated areas of nature of varying degrees of preservation, not connected with each other, and, therefore, not a normally functioning system of protected areas. Existing specially protected natural areas do not cover many landscapes of the Kemerovo region. There is a complete lack of protection for landscapes of the steppe and southern taiga (sub)type; landscapes of subtaiga, forest-steppe, foothill light-coniferous mountain-taiga types and taiga-forest-steppe type of light-coniferous-birch forests can be traced only on the territory of zoological reserves. The protection of swamps is actually carried out only in the territory of protected areas of federal significance, which include only swamps of mid- and high-mountains, swamps of lowland areas ( unique complex Shestakovsky swamps) remain unprotected. Therefore, there is a need to establish comprehensive protection or organize new protected areas to protect these types of landscapes.

2.2. State nature reserve"Antibessky"

The Antibessky Nature Reserve is located in forest-steppe zone the northern part of the region in the territory of Izhmorsky, Mariinsky and Chebulinsky districts (Fig. 2.1). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Letyazhka, Izhmorsky district. Its area is 47738.7 hectares. The reserve got its name from the Antibes River, in the basin of which it is located.

The reserve was created for the purpose of protecting and reproducing the beaver. The territory of the reserve is characterized by hilly and ridged terrain with wide swampy valleys of small streams and rivers. Thickets of common willow and aspen grow abundantly along the river banks. This made it possible to release it in the river in 1960. Antibes and its beaver tributaries, which have taken root well.

Rice. 2.1. Grass and forb meadow of the Antibessky nature reserve

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Antibessky state nature reserve, carried out in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity.

The vertebrate fauna of the reserve is typical for the flat taiga of the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau and is represented by 235 species of vertebrates, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 158 species of birds and 52 species of mammals.

Of the entire composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 14 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

The flora of the reserve includes 566 species of higher vascular plants. Bryophytes growing on the territory of the reserve have not been sufficiently studied. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 13 plant species.

The territory of the Antibessky reserve is of significant interest as an object for preserving the biodiversity of the Kemerovo region. In the northwestern part of the reserve there is a complex of Antibes swamps. Swamp ecosystems of this type and scale are unique for the Kemerovo region; they include a large number of representatives of the orchid family, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.3. State Nature Reserve "Barzassky"

The reserve is located in the low-mountain taiga in the north of the region in the Kemerovo region and covers part of the Barzas River basin, from which it received its name (Fig. 2.2). The reserve covers an area of ​​62,469.4 hectares. It was created for the purpose of breeding in the Kemerovo region river beaver(Basin of the Barzas River). From the territory of the reserve, beavers are actively spreading to surrounding lands and currently do not require special protection measures.

The territory of the reserve has a hilly topography and is covered with fir and aspen taiga. Cedar is found among tree plantations. Significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests on the site of old clearings and burnt areas. A numerous network of rivers and streams with willow thickets creates favorable conditions for beavers to live in. Along with beavers, the reserve is home to elk, roe deer, wood grouse and black grouse; brown bear, mink, weasel, otter, sable, squirrel, etc. However, in recent years the number of bear, elk and sable has been declining.


Rice. 2.2. Dark coniferous forest on the bank of the river. Barzas

A comprehensive environmental survey carried out in 2006 on the territory of the Barzassky state nature reserve showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory are not characterized by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 226 species of vertebrate animals, which is 46.1% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish – 13 species, amphibians – 2 species, reptiles – 2 species, birds – 154 species, mammals – 52 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 261 species of higher vascular plants and 28 species of bryophytes.

Among plants and animals, a large number of species are of economic and environmental importance: 10 plant species and 18 animal species found on the territory of the Barzassky reserve are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region; 3 species of birds - in the Appendix of the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.4. State Nature Reserve "Belsinsky"

The reserve is located on the territory of the Mezhdurechensky district in the river basin. Belsu on the western slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Fig. 2.3). Its area is 77334 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the city of Mezhdurechensk. The terrain of the reserve is mountainous, maximum heights reach 2178 m above sea level. The reserve is located in the mid-mountain belt of dark coniferous taiga with a predominance of fir and cedar.


Rice. 2.3. Dark coniferous forest on the bank of the river. Belsu

The Belsinsky Nature Reserve was created for the purpose of protecting and reproducing sable, but a complex of game animals is subject to protection in it, since the migration routes of ungulates, mainly deer and roe deer, pass here; there are elk and reindeer.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Belsinsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity. At the same time, this territory is home to a significant number of valuable and rare species of plants and animals.

The fauna of the reserve is quite diverse, the main hunting and commercial species are especially well represented. All species of ungulates and predators living in the Kemerovo region are found here without exception. The abundant food supply attracts sable, otter, mink and other valuable game animals. Reindeer live on the slopes of the mountains bordering the river valley. Belsu. There are some in the river valuable species fish: taimen, uskuch, grayling, etc. However, in terms of biological diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, it does not fundamentally stand out against the background of the mountain taiga territories of the Kemerovo region; 164 species of vertebrates live here, of which 14 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 1 species reptiles, 99 species of birds and 46 species of mammals.

The flora of the Belsinsky reserve includes 345 species of vascular plants belonging to 216 genera and 60 families. Most rich in species composition families are represented: Asteraceae, Poaaceae, Rosaceae, Sedgeaceae, Cloveaceae, Ranunculaceae, Celeryaceae, Legumeaceae, Norichaceae.

18 species of plants, 4 species of animals, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

The Belsinsky Nature Reserve, together with the Kuznetsky Alatau Nature Reserve, performs an important function in preserving mountain and taiga ecosystems, as well as certain species of rare and economically valuable plants and animals.

2.5. State Nature Reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky"

The Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve is located on the left bank of the river. Tom in Belovsky and Krapivinsky districts (Fig. 2.4). Its area is 63,378 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The river flows along the eastern border of the reserve. Bungarap, along the southwest - river. Inya, on the western - r. Mungat, Taradanovsky Uval is located in the center.


Rice. 2.4. The border of the Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve along the river. Tom

The reserve was created for the purpose of protecting and reproducing the beaver. Currently, beavers have mastered the valleys of taiga rivers and have begun to settle outside the reserve. On the territory of the reserve there is one of the largest winter moose camps in the region.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the state natural reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky", carried out in 2007, showed that the richness of flora and fauna is determined by the location of the reserve on the border of three landscape formations - floodplain-valley landscapes (Tom River, Inya River), Kuznetsk forest-steppe basins and mountain dark coniferous forests of the Kuznetsk Alatau. Therefore, the territory of the reserve combines species belonging to different ecological and geographical complexes. The fauna of the reserve is represented by 304 species of vertebrates, including 1 species of lamprey, 23 species of fish, 3 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 216 species of birds and 56 species of mammals. The territory of the reserve is home to the easternmost and only population of the common newt in Kuzbass. A special place occupied by game animals and birds. On the territory of the reserve these species are diverse and quite numerous. Among the hunting species, almost all representatives of the commercial fauna of the Kemerovo region are found. Due to the inaccessibility of most areas of the reserve, the presence of diverse and sufficiently large habitats has created good conditions for the reproduction of most game species: mink, beaver, muskrat, weasel, bear, hog and waterfowl.

Of the variety of animals registered in the reserve, 46 species of vertebrates and 5 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region. For a number of species (newt, grass snake, peregrine falcon), the territory of the reserve is the only place where stable and relatively numerous populations exist.

656 species of higher plants belonging to 100 families grow on the territory of the reserve. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae family - 71 species, the Poaceae family (Potaceae) - 55 species, the Legumeaceae and Ranunculaceae - 34 species each, Rosaceae - 33 species, Apiaceae and Sedgeaceae - 23 species each, and Cloveaceae - 22 species. 28 species recorded rare plants included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.6. State Nature Reserve "Gorskinsky"

The Gorskisky Nature Reserve is located in the Guryevsky district in the foothills of the Salair Ridge and has a hilly topography. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Kochkurovka, Guryevsky district. The main watercourses are the Biryulya and Ur rivers. Its area is 12980.3 hectares. The main forest-forming species is pine. Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forest-steppe and shrubs (Fig. 2.5). Pine forests with numerous fields and meadows attract roe deer, elk and other valuable game animals to the reserve.


Rice. 2.5. Forest-steppe of the Gorskinsky reserve

The original purpose of the reserve is the protection of wood grouse. Subsequently, the Gorskinsky reserve was defined by its profile as a complex zoological one, where capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and partridge are subject to protection.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the reserve, carried out in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is characterized by increased biological diversity, which is explained by the large mosaic of biotopes in a relatively small area.

The fauna of the reserve is quite rich: 183 species of vertebrate animals live here, including 13 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 118 species of birds and 47 species of mammals. On the territory of the reserve there are 5 rare species of animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve includes 612 species belonging to 87 families and 327 genera. The largest families of flora are: Asteraceae - 76 species, Cereals - 58 species, Legumes - 36 species, Rosaceae - 35 species, Brassicas - 30 species, Ranunculaceae - 28 species, Sedgeaceae - 26 species and others. The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve contains 18 species included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.7. State Nature Reserve "Kitatsky"

The Kitatsky reserve is located in the northern part of the Kemerovo region, on the territory of the Yaya district, its area is 47951.1 hectares, the relief is flat. The main rivers in the reserve are Kitat, Katat, Kuerbak (Fig. 2.6). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Ulanovka.


Rice. 2.6. Communities of aquatic plants of the river. Kitat

The composition of tree plantations is dominated by dark coniferous species (fir, cedar); significant areas are occupied by secondary birch and aspen forests in cleared areas and burnt areas. More than a third of the reserve's territory is occupied by open forest-steppe areas where agricultural production is carried out.

The main objective of the reserve is to preserve and ensure the reproduction of the beaver, the number of which has stabilized at optimal level. The functional status of the reserve is determined by the large number of semi-aquatic mammal species (mink, otter, beaver, muskrat) inhabiting the Kuerbak and Kitat rivers. Of these, the only protected species is the otter.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Kitatsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity.

The vertebrate fauna is typical of lowland taiga West Siberian Plain. According to preliminary data, 233 species of vertebrates live here, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 156 species of birds and 52 species of mammals. The list of protected species in the Kemerovo region includes 10 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects. For the north of the Kemerovo region, the fauna of the reserve is not unique in terms of species composition and the presence of protected species. It is typical of the southern lowland taiga and subtaiga (birch) forests. Many species of commercial fauna belong to the category of common or small in number (fox, sable, weasel, ermine, polecat, gray partridge). The reserve has lost its significance as a winter stop for elk or roe deer, since their numbers are quite low.

In total, 366 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 67 families have been recorded on the territory of the reserve. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae family - 35 species, the Poaceae family - 34 species, and the Rosaceae family - 27 species. On the territory of the reserve, only 2 species of rare and protected plants are noted, included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.8. State Nature Reserve "Nizhne-Tomsky"

The reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northwestern part of the Kemerovo region - in the Yurga region. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makurino. Its area is 28485.5 hectares. The relief of the reserve is a slightly undulating flat plain, dissected in the central part by a wide valley of the river. Tom, with a large number of floodplain lakes (Fig. 2.7). Significant areas of the reserve are occupied by coniferous forests, among which pine is more common, and fir, spruce and cedar are less common. Open forest-steppe areas (more than a third of the reserve's territory) are developed for agricultural land. Numerous aspen and birch groves are a convenient habitat for Siberian roe deer and elk.

The purpose of the reserve is the comprehensive protection of wildlife, including elk, roe deer, wood grouse, black grouse and partridge.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Nizhne-Tomsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory are very unequal in concentration of rare species. The vast majority of rare species are concentrated in the limited eastern part of the reserve - in the floodplain of the river. Tom.

On the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve, 272 species of vertebrate animals have been identified, which is 56.2% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish – 23 species, amphibians – 2 species, reptiles – 4 species, birds – 196 species, mammals – 47 species.

The fauna of the reserve contains 20 species of vertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, of which 3 species of fish, 1 species of reptiles, 12 species of birds, 4 species of mammals. Of the vertebrate animals living on the territory of the reserve, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds and 1 species of mammals are included in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.


Figure 2.7. General view Nizhne-Tomsk nature reserve in the Varyukhinskaya Kurya area

The flora of higher vascular plants of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve includes 662 species belonging to 339 genera and 92 families. Spore plants include 18 species, of which 11 species are ferns. The most numerous in terms of the number of family species are: Asteraceae - 85 species, Poaceae (Poagrass) - 50 species, Sedgeaceae - 38 species, Rosaceae and Legumes - 35 species each, Cruciferae - 32 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 22 species of plants found on the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk Nature Reserve.

2.9. State Nature Reserve "Pisany"

The reserve is located in the northwestern part of the region, in the forest-steppe part of the Yashkinsky and Kemerovo districts on the right bank of the river. Tom in the lower part of the river basin. Written (Fig. 2.8). Its area is 29415.5 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Pacha Yashkinsky district. The relief of the reserve is a hilly plain, strongly dissected by ravines. Among the tracts of aspen-birch forests there are pine and cedar forests. The Pisany reserve is complex. The reserve has established a protective regime for elk, roe deer, otter, black grouse, hazel grouse, common weasel, hare, squirrel, fox, mink and lynx.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Pisany state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in the concentration of rare species. Largest number rare species were noted along the Tom River and in the vicinity of the Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve.


Rice. 2.8. Right indigenous bank of the river. Tom of the Pisany reserve

The fauna of the Pisany reserve is represented by 258 species of vertebrate animals (53.3% of the fauna of the region), of which: fish - 18 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 188 species, mammals - 45 species.

The fauna of the reserve and the immediate adjacent territories includes 30 species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 21 species, mammals - 5 species.

The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 2 species.

The fauna of invertebrate animals of the Pisany reserve has been studied fragmentarily. Research concerns only rare species. In total, 4 species of invertebrate animals are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, of which hymenoptera - 2 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Pisany reserve contains 6 species of invertebrate animals - candidates for the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of declining species (category A) and stable species (category B), of which dragonflies - 1 species, hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera – 4 species. Provided their habitats are preserved, their numbers can be restored.

When assessing the significance of the reserve, it is necessary to take into account that most rare birds stay on the territory of the reserve temporarily, during migrations and migrations. Many of them are waterfowl.

The flora of the reserve includes 615 species of higher vascular plants, of which 20 plant species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.10. State Nature Reserve "Razdolny"

The Razdolny reserve is located on the territory of the Yurginsky and Topkinsky districts. Its area is 14118.6 hectares. The terrain of the reserve is hilly. The Iskitim and Kamenka rivers originate on the territory of the reserve.

The main type of vegetation is forest-steppe, sometimes swampy (Fig. 2.9). Birch and aspen pegs sometimes form quite large arrays. In addition, there are several isolated pine forests. The steppe areas, which occupy almost half of the reserve's territory, are used for agriculture. The reserve is located in a densely populated area with a well-developed network highways. Settlements There are no species inside the reserve, but there are quite a lot of them along its borders.

The Razdolny reserve is complex, but its main purpose is the protection of moose and roe deer in their winter camp.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Razdolny state nature reserve, carried out in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity.


Fig.2.9. Cattail-forb swamp on the territory of the Razdolny nature reserve

The fauna of the reserve is typical of the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin. The absence of large bodies of water on the territory of the reserve explains the relative poverty of the vertebrate fauna. According to preliminary data, 188 species of vertebrates live here, of which 9 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 130 species of birds and 44 species of mammals.

Of the entire composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 5 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

There are 495 plant species belonging to 82 families growing on the territory of the reserve. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae (60 species) and Poaceae (Potaceae) families - 43 species. 6 plant species are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.11. State Nature Reserve "Salairsky"

The Salairsky nature reserve is located on the northeastern tip of the foothills of the Salairsky ridge in the territory of the Promyshlennovsky and Guryevsky districts. Its area is 35,449 hectares. The center of the reserve is the village. Zhuravlevo, Promyshlennovsky district. The reserve is located in the foothills of the Salair Ridge (Fig. 2.10). The main watercourses are the Istok, Chebura, and Kasma rivers.

Forest areas are represented mainly by fir-aspen taiga, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen small forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas. Small areas of open forest-steppe areas are used for agriculture. The Salairsky reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of elk.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Salairsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that, despite the long history of development of the ridge, the vegetation cover still contains significant areas of natural undisturbed vegetation, fragmented areas of which are scattered throughout the entire territory of the ridge. On the territory of the Salair Reserve there are various plant communities: steppe, forest, meadow, swamp, and semi-aquatic, which suggests the presence of rich flora and fauna.


Rice. 2.10. Steppe communities on rocky outcrops

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 241 species of vertebrate animals (49.8% of the fauna of the region), of which: fish - 9 species, amphibians and reptiles - 6 species, birds - 170 species, mammals - 56 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 26 species of vertebrates, of which: birds - 19 species, mammals - 7 species (only bats), the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 1 species of amphibians, 3 species of birds and 2 species of mammals.

On the territory of the reserve, 11 species of invertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region were noted, of which: dragonflies - 3 species, hemipterans - 1 species, hymenoptera - 5 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Salair Reserve contains 4 species included in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of endangered species (category A) and stable species (category B).

The floristic diversity of the studied area amounts to 682 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 95 families and 343 genera. Vascular spore plants (horsetails, ferns) are represented by 24 species, of which 15 species are ferns. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 27 plant species.

2.12. State Nature Reserve "Saltymakovsky"

The Saltymakovsky reserve is located on the territory of the Krapivinsky district. Its territory covers part of the river basin. Taydon and a significant part of the Saltymakovsky ridge. In the lowlands of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge, the reserve borders the protective zone of the Kuznetsky Alatau State Nature Reserve. Its area is 31,795.4 hectares, the terrain of the territory is low-mountain, the maximum heights reach 720 m above sea level (Fig. 2.11). The main watercourses are the Taydon and Ilmen rivers. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The Saltymakovsky reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of elk. Dark coniferous taiga (fir and cedar) predominates; large areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch and aspen small forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas.

A comprehensive environmental survey of the Saltymakovsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory is rich, diverse and is of significant interest from the point of view of practical solutions to the problems of preserving biological diversity.


Rice. 2.11. General view of the Saltymakovsky reserve

The fauna of the reserve contains 262 species of vertebrate animals (54.1% of the fauna of the region), including cyclostomes - 1 species, fish - 20 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 184 species, mammals - 50 species.

The territory of the reserve is home to 37 species of vertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, of which: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 26 species, mammals - 7 species. The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 3 species.

On the territory of the Saltymakovsky reserve, 4 species of invertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region were noted. The Red Book Appendix includes 4 species of invertebrates: dragonflies - 1 species, Hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 2 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 564 species of higher vascular plants, of which 23 species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

2.13. State Nature Reserve "Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky"

The Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky nature reserve is located on the territory of the Tisulsky and Chebulinsky districts. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makaraksky, Tisulsky district. Its area is 23897.1 hectares. The territory of the reserve has low-mountain relief and is drained by the river system. Kiya with a tributary of the river. Casing (Fig. 2.12). Little rainfall occurs in winter time(up to 200 mm), leads to the formation of a thin snow cover, which attracts marals and roe deer from all surrounding areas for wintering here.



Rice. 2.12. River valley Kiya

Comprehensive environmental survey carried out on the territory of the state nature reserve

“Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky” in 2007 showed that the flora and fauna of the reserve are diverse. This is determined by its location at the junction of the forest-steppe regions of the northeast of the region and the mountain-taiga territories of the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

The reserve is home to 255 species of vertebrates, of which 1 species of lamprey, 22 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 171 species of birds and 55 species of mammals. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 18 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects.

The flora of the reserve is represented by 403 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 73 families. The dominant position is occupied by flowering plants - 378 species. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae family - 45 species, the Poaceae family - 32 species, the Rosaceae family - 26 species, and the Legume family - 23 species. In the flora of the reserve, 20 species of rare plants were identified, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region with different protection statuses, of which 4 species are the large-flowered lady's slipper (Cypripedium macranthon), the clotted flower (Neottianthe cucullata), the helmeted orchis (Orchis militaris) and the leafless chinstrap (Epipogium aphyllum) are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.



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