Bank vole and mouse breeding. Bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)

The field mouse is a small rodent distributed throughout the world. Refers to the most numerous species of mammals - mouse classification. There are more than 100 species on earth. They adapt perfectly to any living conditions. There are no mice only high in the mountains, in areas covered with ice.

Appearance

The small animal is called differently: field vole, meadow vole, little one, striped vole. The appearance is familiar to everyone, since field mice are frequent cohabitants of people. In cold weather or with the onset of other unfavorable conditions V natural environment moving into barns, warehouses, sheds, outbuildings, and houses. They often live in gardens, vegetable gardens, and personal plots.

Description of the field mouse:

• The maximum body length is no more than 12 cm, the average size is 10 cm excluding the tail. The thin tail makes up 70% of the body length.
• The body is oblong, the hind feet are elongated. When running, they always come forward.
• Long muzzle, small round ears, oblong nose.

Appearance very attractive, harmless, sweet. The red nose is especially interesting. does not differ from the general proportions of most species of these rodents.

The coat is short, hard and uneven in color. The belly is always lighter, the back has a black stripe. You can distinguish a vole by the stripe on its back. Coat color varies depending on the region. The vole mouse can be gray, brown, ocher, or red. IN summer period darker, begins to change towards winter. Below are field mice in the photo; you can clearly see the differences between the animal and other rodents.

Interesting!

The unique teeth of a vole grow throughout its life. Except for a row of small teeth on the upper jaw. On the lower jaw there is a pair of long incisors. They appear in the second month of a mouse’s life and grow by 1-2 mm every day. To prevent excessive growth of teeth, rodents are forced to constantly grind them down. They bite hard objects that they have no idea nutritional value, but surrounding them.

It’s not hard to guess how much a small animal weighs. The small animal gains weight no more than 30 g. On average, a field mouse weighs 20 g.

Food cravings

What the field mouse eats interests most of the population. Because pests chew on almost everything - wood, concrete structures, bricks. Some are plastic, rubber and other synthetic materials.

Lifestyle

In countries with warm climate meadow mouse is active all year round. In our area, with the onset of cold weather, mice do not hibernate, but the process of reproduction of the new generation slows down. Relatively well tolerated low temperature. They can safely spend the winter on the field.

How field mice overwinter depends on the objects around them, natural conditions. In the warm season, rodents live in the field, with an increase in numbers, the onset of unfavorable weather, disasters - fire, drought, flood, premature frosts, they settle in gardens and vegetable gardens. Each individual makes its home at a depth of about 1 m; in winter it goes down to 3 m. Usually the meadow mouse spends the winter in a hole.

Interesting!

The vole's abode includes a nest where pups are born and mature, several chambers with food supplies, and labyrinths of passages with obligatory access to water.

In addition to the burrow, wintering occurs in haystacks, haystacks left on the field, stacks, barns, sheds, and outbuildings. The bravest or most arrogant sneak into the house. The question of where voles live in winter can be answered ambiguously - wherever possible.

Hibernation is not typical for the field mouse. The rodent living in our area cannot hibernate. If there is not enough food, if the animal was unable to store food, it risks dying. In winter, it occasionally comes to the surface during a thaw.

On a note!

Some species of voles sleep in winter and can wake up when it gets warmer. They prefer to sleep in a hole. Accumulate useful material starts in the summer, a layer of fat is deposited, which disappears during the winter.

Features of behavior

Field mice are extremely active and mobile, which is due to their metabolic characteristics. The rodent eats about 6 times per day, but quickly uses up energy. Can't stand hunger, even more thirst. Without food or water, it lives no more than a week.

They adapt well to new conditions. They move along mastered lines, defined trajectories. They mark their territory with urine. Activities intensify with the onset of darkness. They are active during the day in dark rooms.

Mice are extremely cautious, which makes them shy in the eyes of humans. The slightest rustle or sound makes the rodent run for cover and hide in a hole. Enemies of mice: lizards, snakes, rats, dogs, cats, wild animals. Danger lurks at every step. The list of who eats the field mouse can go on for a long time.

The small rodent tries not to run far from the hole, moving away by 1 m. It prefers to move in the shade, under bushes, in tall grass. Each individual is assigned its territory. They live in flocks, where there is a leader - a male, and several dominant females.

On a note!

Life expectancy in wildlife is 1 year, although according to genetic data they can live up to 7 years. The predators who hunt field mice every day are to blame for everything. How long they live in artificial conditions depends on the conditions of detention and proper nutrition. Average age- 3 years.

Features of reproduction

The field mouse becomes sexually mature after 3 months. A young female gives birth to from 1 to 3 cubs, an adult – up to 12 in one litter. Pregnancy lasts about 25 days.

The cubs are born blind, naked, absolutely helpless. A photo of field mice after birth is presented below. The female takes care of the young offspring for up to 1 month, then the young are expelled. They arrange their own housing and get food.

9-10 days after birth, the mouse is again ready for fertilization. Reproduces new offspring up to 4 times per year. The favorable period for this begins in May and lasts until October.

Sabotage

A field mouse can cause enormous damage agriculture. It digs numerous holes in the fields, damages ears of wheat, and leaves mounds of earth. As a result, this makes harvesting difficult and the grain loses its marketable appearance.

Settling in barns, warehouses, and other premises where people began to store cereals, grain, flour, mice eat a third of the reserves over the winter. The product is contaminated with feces and urine. There is an unpleasant mouse smell in the room.

On a note!

The vole doesn't bite. When he sees a person, he tries to quickly hide. But, when backed into a corner, it is capable of piercing sharp teeth. Dangerous due to the spread of viral, bacterial, fungal infections, tularemia, plague, fever, rabies.

Rodent control

An increase in the number of mice in the field threatens serious losses for agricultural workers. There is no less damage from rodents in the garden. To destroy pests, poisonous baits are used. They are fighting. Products with a strong odor are used indoors. Preventive measures are also important.

In this post there will be scary, nasty, cute, kind, beautiful, incomprehensible animals.
Plus a short commentary about each. They all really exist
Watch and be surprised

SNAP TOOTH- a mammal from the order of insectivores, divided into two main species: the Cuban slittooth and the Haitian. The animal is relatively large compared to other types of insectivores: its length is 32 centimeters, its tail is on average 25 cm, the weight of the animal is about 1 kilogram, and its body is dense.


MANED WOLF. Lives in South America. The long legs of the wolf are the result of evolution in matters of adaptation to the habitat; they help the animal to overcome obstacles in the form of tall grass growing on the plains.


AFRICAN CIVET- the only representative of the genus of the same name. These animals live in Africa open spaces with high grass from Senegal to Somalia, southern Namibia and in the eastern regions South Africa. The size of the animal can visually increase quite significantly when the civet raises its fur when excited. And her fur is thick and long, especially on the back closer to the tail. The paws, muzzle and tail end are completely black, most of the body is spotted.


MUSKRAT. The animal is quite famous due to its sonorous name. It's just a good photo.


PROCHIDNA. This miracle of nature usually weighs up to 10 kg, although larger specimens have also been observed. By the way, the length of the echidna’s body reaches 77 cm, and this is not counting their cute five to seven centimeter tail. Any description of this animal is based on comparison with the echidna: the legs of the echidna are higher, the claws are more powerful. Another feature of the echidna’s appearance is the spurs on the hind legs of males and the five-fingered hind limbs and three-fingered forelimbs.


CAPIBARA. Semi-aquatic mammal, the largest of modern rodents. It is the only representative of the capybara family (Hydrochoeridae). There is a dwarf variety, Hydrochoerus isthmius, which is sometimes considered as a separate species (lesser capybara).


SEA CUCUMBER. HOLOTHURIA. Sea egg pods, sea ​​cucumbers(Holothuroidea), a class of invertebrate animals such as echinoderms. Species eaten as food are common name"trepang".


PANGOLIN. This post simply could not do without him.


HELL VAMPIRE. Mollusk. Despite its obvious similarity with octopus and squid, scientists have identified this mollusk as a separate order Vampyromorphida (lat.), because it is characterized by retractable sensitive whip-shaped filaments.


AARDVARK. In Africa, these mammals are called aardvark, which translated into Russian means “earthen pig.” In fact, the aardvark is very similar in appearance to a pig, only with an elongated snout. The structure of the ears of this amazing animal is very similar to that of a hare. There is also a muscular tail, which is very similar to the tail of an animal such as a kangaroo.

JAPANESE GIANT SALAMANDER. Today it is the largest amphibian, which can reach 160 cm in length, weigh up to 180 kg and can live up to 150 years, although the officially registered maximum age giant salamander is 55 years old.


BEARDED PIG. IN different sources The bearded pig is divided into two or three subspecies. These are the curly bearded pig (Sus barbatus oi), which lives on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, the Bornean bearded pig (Sus barbatus barbatus) and the Palawan bearded pig, which live, as the name suggests, on the islands of Borneo and Palawan, as well as on Java , Kalimantan and the small islands of the Indonesian archipelago in South-East Asia.




SUMATRAN RHINO. They belong to the odd-toed ungulates of the rhinoceros family. This type Rhinoceroses are the smallest of the entire family. The body length of an adult Sumatran rhinoceros can reach 200–280 cm, and the height at the withers can vary from 100 to 150 cm. Such rhinoceroses can weigh up to 1000 kg.


SULAWESI BEAR COUSCUS. An arboreal marsupial living in the upper layer of lowland tropical forests. The fur of the bear cuscus consists of a soft undercoat and coarse guard hairs. Coloration ranges from gray to brown, with a lighter belly and limbs, and varies depending on the geographic subspecies and age of the animal. The prehensile, non-haired tail is approximately half the length of the animal and serves as a fifth limb, making it easier to move through the dense tropical forest. The bear cuscus is the most primitive of all cuscus, retaining primitive tooth growth and structural features of the skull.


GALAGO. Its large fluffy tail is clearly comparable to that of a squirrel. And his charming face and graceful movements, flexibility and insinuation, clearly reflect his cat-like traits. The amazing jumping ability, mobility, strength and incredible dexterity of this animal clearly show its nature as a funny cat and an elusive squirrel. Of course, there would be a place to use your talents, because a cramped cage is very poorly suited for this. But, if you give this animal a little freedom and sometimes allow him to walk around the apartment, then all his quirks and talents will come true. Many even compare it to a kangaroo.


WOMBAT. Without a photograph of a wombat, it is generally impossible to talk about strange and rare animals.


AMAZONIAN DOLPHIN. Is the largest river dolphin. Inia geoffrensis, as scientists call it, reaches 2.5 meters in length and weighs 2 quintals. Light gray juveniles become lighter with age. The Amazon dolphin has a full body, with a thin tail and narrow muzzle. A round forehead, a slightly curved beak and small eyes are the characteristics of this species of dolphin. Occurs Amazonian dolphin in rivers and lakes Latin America.


MOONFISH or MOLA-MOLA. This fish can be more than three meters long and weigh about one and a half tons. The largest specimen of the sunfish was caught in New Hampshire, USA. Its length was five and a half meters, there is no data on weight. The shape of the fish’s body resembles a disk; it was this feature that gave rise to the Latin name. The moon fish has thick skin. It is elastic, and its surface is covered with small bony projections. The larvae of fish of this species and young individuals swim in the usual way. Adults large fish swim on their sides, quietly moving their fins. They seem to lie on the surface of the water, where they are very easy to notice and catch. However, many experts believe that only sick fish swim this way. As an argument, they cite the fact that the stomach of fish caught on the surface is usually empty.


TASMANIAN DEVIL. Being the largest of modern predatory marsupials, this black animal with white spots on the chest and rump, with a huge mouth and sharp teeth has a dense physique and a stern disposition, for which, in fact, it was called the devil. Emitting ominous screams at night, massive and clumsy Tasmanian devil looks like little bear: the front legs are slightly longer than the hind legs, the head is large, the muzzle is blunt.


LORI. Feature lori – big size eyes, which may be bordered by dark circles, with a white dividing stripe between the eyes. The face of a loris can be compared to a clown mask. This most likely explains the animal's name: Loeris means "clown".


GAVIAL. Of course, one of the representatives of the crocodile order. With age, the gharial's muzzle becomes even narrower and longer. Due to the fact that the gharial feeds on fish, its teeth are long and sharp, located at a slight angle for ease of eating.


OKAPI. FOREST GIRAFFE. Traveling around Central Africa, journalist and African explorer Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904) repeatedly encountered local aborigines. Having once met an expedition equipped with horses, the natives of the Congo told to the famous traveler what they have in the jungle wild animals, very similar to his horses. The Englishman, who had seen a lot, was somewhat puzzled by this fact. After some negotiations in 1900, the British were finally able to purchase parts of the skin of the mysterious animal from the local population and send them to the Royal Zoological Society in London, where the unknown animal was given the name “Johnston's Horse” (Equus johnstoni), that is, it was assigned to the equine family . But imagine their surprise when a year later they managed to get a whole skin and two skulls of an unknown animal, and discovered that It looked more like dwarf giraffe times ice age. Only in 1909 was it possible to catch a living specimen of Okapi.

WALABI. TREE KANGAROO. The genus of Tree kangaroos - wallabies (Dendrolagus) includes 6 species. Of these, D. Inustus or the bear wallaby, D. Matschiei or Matchisha's wallaby, which has a subspecies D. Goodfellowi (Goodfellow's wallaby), D. Dorianus - the Doria wallaby, live in New Guinea. In Australian Queensland, there are D. Lumholtzi - Lumholtz's wallaby (bungari), D. Bennettianus - Bennett's wallaby, or tharibin. Their original habitat was New Guinea, but now wallabies are found in Australia. Tree kangaroos live in tropical forests mountainous regions, at altitudes from 450 to 3000m. above sea level. The body size of the animal is 52-81 cm, the tail is from 42 to 93 cm long. Wallabies weigh, depending on the species, from 7.7 to 10 kg for males and from 6.7 to 8.9 kg. females.


WOLVERINE. Moves quickly and deftly. The animal has an elongated muzzle, a large head, with rounded ears. The jaws are powerful, the teeth are sharp. Wolverine is a “big-footed” animal; its feet are disproportionate to the body, but their size allows them to move freely through deep snow cover. Each paw has huge and curved claws. Wolverine is an excellent tree climber and has keen eyesight. The voice is like a fox.


FOSSA. The island of Madagascar has preserved animals that are not found not only in Africa itself, but also in the rest of the world. One of the rarest animals is the Fossa - the only representative of the genus Cryptoprocta and the largest carnivorous mammal, living on the island of Madagascar. The appearance of the Fossa is a little unusual: it is a cross between a civet and a small puma. Sometimes the fossa is also called the Madagascar lion, since the ancestors of this animal were much larger and reached the size of a lion. Fossa has a squat, massive and slightly elongated body, the length of which can reach up to 80 cm (on average it is 65-70 cm). The fossa's paws are long, but quite thick, with the hind paws being higher than the front paws. The tail is often equal to the length of the body and reaches up to 65 cm.


MANUL approves of this post and is here only because he has to be. Everyone already knows him.


PHENEC. STEPPE FOX. He assents to the manula and is present here insofar as. After all, everyone saw him.


NAKED MORAVARY gives the Pallas's cat and fennec cat pluses in their karma and invites them to organize a club of the most fearful animals in RuNet.


PALM THIEF. Representative of decapod crustaceans. The habitat of which is West Side Pacific Ocean and tropical islands Indian Ocean. This animal from the family of land crayfish is quite large for its species. The body of an adult reaches a size of up to 32 cm and a weight of up to 3-4 kg. For a long time it was mistakenly believed that with its claws it could even split coconuts, which he then eats. To date, scientists have proven that crayfish can only feed on already split coconuts. They, being its main source of nutrition, gave the name palm thief. Although he is not averse to eating other types of food - the fruits of Pandanus plants, organic substances from the ground and even their own kind.

How to determine the presence of a vole mouse in a summer cottage, effective methods rodent control? These questions interest many gardeners. But which of them show the best results, how to prevent a new rodent invasion? Everything you need to know about voles can be found in the following material.

Features and description of the rodent

The vole mouse differs from its relatives in its small size. An adult can reach no more than 13 centimeters in length, with the tail taking up the majority (up to 70%). The mouse has a pointed muzzle and small brown eyes. The animal's ears are tilted slightly forward, but pressed to the head. The seemingly cute rodent causes irreparable damage to agriculture, despite its small size.

The mouse's fur is very coarse and tough. In most cases, the color of the rodent is beige, gray or brown. The abdomen of the mouse is painted white, and there is a clear black line on the back. The exact color of a rodent depends on its age; young individuals are dark in color, slightly older mice are lighter in color, older rodents are almost beige and have gray hairs.

Mice live in natural shelters or in self-dug holes. What is noteworthy is that small animals are able to dig a hole up to four meters in length. One exit necessarily leads to a reservoir; the burrow also includes a nesting area and several storage areas for food supplies. The latter are usually located at a depth of more than one meter. The favorite habitats of pests are swamps.

Vole mice differ from their relatives in some features that make it easy to recognize a rodent:

• voles are the only representatives of the rodent class that have a black stripe on their back;
• in size, field mice are slightly larger than their relatives;
• voles are very similar to daurian hamsters, the only distinctive feature– presence of a long tail;
• unlike other species, the vole has a long period of puberty - about 100 days;
• mice love to settle in feeding areas, destroying the harvest;
• Voles also have one feature that is not characteristic of other species - they are able to settle near swamps.

Interesting to know! Rodents are active in the evening and at night. In autumn and winter they are awake even during the day. It is noteworthy that mice do not hibernate for winter period of the year.

Reasons for appearance

Why do voles appear in summer cottages? Rodents need food, constant availability of water and heat. All these qualities are possessed by warehouses and basements that are available in the country. Rodents are also able to feast on human supplies located in secluded corners of the kitchen. Paths for pests to pass include: ventilation ducts, open windows and doors, cracks in the floor and walls.

It is very easy to spot a pest in your summer cottage. The main signs of animal activity are the presence of minks and feces throughout the house, in secluded places. Pests also leave their marks everywhere. This is due to the fact that rodents’ teeth grow throughout their lives and need to be sharpened. What does a vole eat? It is common for mice to gnaw the bark of trees and the lower parts of bushes in the winter.

Harm to humans

When a rodent enters the cellar, it completely destroys all winter supplies. In spring, pests feed on young shoots and bark, causing significant damage to the crop that has not yet emerged. Considering the damage caused by mice, immediately begin exterminating rodents, otherwise loss of food and plantings in the garden cannot be avoided.

How to get rid of a mouse-vole

Humanity has come up with many methods to combat voles, all of them can be divided into several main categories:

• , which are time-tested;
• physical methods that involve the use of mechanical devices: traps, traps, mousetraps. This category includes the natural enemy of mice - the cat;
• chemicals: various aerosols, poisons, poisoned baits. show excellent results, but are often dangerous for humans or animals living on the territory of the dacha.

When selecting the desired method against voles, take into account the characteristics of the room in which there are pests and the presence of animals.

Folk remedies and recipes

Folk recipes against voles:

Many people prefer to use proven mechanical methods, but keep in mind that you will have to regularly remove the carcasses of dead individuals. If the number of rodents is very large, then the bait may not work (the mouse may eat the bait and dodge the mousetrap). Many people prefer to have a cat, but “fluffies” live in the country with their owners only until winter. Not every cat is able to instill fear in mice; most pets themselves are afraid of rodents or simply do not want to hunt them.

Homemade traps show excellent results:

Chemicals

Effective drugs:

• wax tablets "Storm". Place the product in boxes, holes, and drainage pipes. The tablets have a repellent effect; if a pest tastes the product, it will die within two weeks;
• universal “Granules”. They are made from natural wheat grains. The product has a cumulative effect (an infected mouse carries the poison on its paws and fur, affecting its relatives);
• glue "Musquidan". Effectively copes with voles not only in the summer cottage, but also indoors. It is recommended to apply it to cardboard and place the bait in the middle. If the mouse gets on the glue, it becomes tightly glued and quickly dies.

You can get rid of voles by introducing summer cottage plot natural enemies: owls (one individual eats up to two thousand mice per year), martens, and foxes feed exclusively on mice and voles. Weasels are capable of penetrating rodent burrows and destroying their offspring.

The field mouse is a dangerous rodent that can destroy a lot of crops. If a pest is detected, immediately begin to fight it, use useful recommendations specialists.

Bank vole is the most common subspecies of forest voles. Animals make up the main branch the food chain for predators and birds. This cute rodent is recognized as a major pest for parks. The vole is dangerous to humans, as it carries a life-threatening infection.

Characteristic

The animal's head is small, with a thickening in the frontoparietal region. The facial region is lowered down with narrowed nasal bones. The zygomatic arches are low. The animal's eyes are black, slightly convex. The roots of the animal's teeth form earlier than those of other representatives of the species and have thin enamel. The eardrums are small, but this does not affect the sensitive hearing of the rodent.

The color of the bank vole can vary from light red to rusty. Tail white at the bottom and dark at the top. The surface of the vole's tail appears bald, but in fact it is covered with a thin layer of short hairs, between which scales of skin are visible. The size of the animal rarely reaches more than 120 mm, and the tail is no more than 65 mm. In appearance, the mouse resembles a cute and harmless creature, but if you encounter such an animal, it is better to be careful, since the bank vole’s teeth are sharp and in case of danger it will defend itself.

Lifestyle

The bank vole, a photo of which can be seen in this article, often lives in deciduous forests. Likes to settle on the edges and woodlands. In taiga zones it likes to live in berry spruce forests. In the south, small animals prefer to inhabit forest islands near fields, where they willingly go to feed. In the north, the bank vole prefers to coexist with humans, inhabiting houses and barns.

In the Urals, the animal chooses the most unusual way of life among the stones. If a person sees a vole, then he can be completely sure that several animals live around. The rodent never lives alone, but chooses a couple or a whole family. The vole spends the most active part of its time moving and can only rest a little at night. These mice are quite lazy in terms of home arrangement. Contrary to opinions, this cute animal rarely digs holes for itself, and if it does, it is very shallow, which makes the vole easy prey for predators. Typically, animals build a home by making a small bedding among tree roots, brushwood, and under fallen trees. Sometimes the most nimble mice climb trees and settle in bird nests.

Reproduction and offspring

Bank vole, whose offspring can feel safe in big family, reproduces only if there is a sufficient amount of food. If the animal feels safe and comfortable, it is capable of producing offspring at the age of 30 days. This is even before they reach puberty. Basically, animals begin to reproduce 50-60 days after birth.

In one year, a female can give birth to 4 litters of small rodents. On average, their number ranges from 6 to 13 cubs. And if we imagine that there is more than one bank vole in a family, the offspring, no matter how many, can fill a small area of ​​the forest. The animal's gestation period lasts for half a month. The cubs are born naked and blind, weighing 10 grams each. Already two weeks after birth, babies can safely come out of hiding and can feed on their own. This one breeds in spring, summer and winter.

Nutrition

In all seasons, the vole’s favorite delicacy is the seeds of branched plants. The diet of rodents also includes green parts of plants and insects. IN winter time Voles prefer to gnaw on tree roots and shoots of berry bushes.

These small animals do not store reserves, so if necessary they can eat whatever they find. Therefore, in winter they often prefer human housing, where they have something to eat every day. If the rodent lives in the forest, then it can feed on the roots of the tree all winter, which leads to the death of the plant. That is why bank voles are considered the main pests of forests.

Habitat

The bank vole, whose characteristics show that the animal is unpretentious, lives in almost every corner of the planet. The range stretches from Scotland and Scandinavia to southern Italy, Turkey and Yugoslavia.

Also small animal can be found in all regions of Russia. Unfortunately, not all voles are able to survive in cold climate conditions, but this does not in any way reduce their total number. Voles also constitute the main diet for predatory animals, which supports their populations.

The main enemies of the animal

• Gray owl. It is a large bird with strong wings and powerful hearing. She is able to detect the movement of a vole even under a large layer of snow. Thanks to its tenacious paws, the tawny owl dives into the snow and takes out its prey. Thanks to bank voles, this predator survives the winter without knowing hunger.
• The flexible predator is able to pursue a vole due to its small size and agility. Weasel rodents are the main diet in winter.
• Kestrel. The rufous falcon mainly hunts gray voles, but does not reject red-haired representatives of the species.
• Marten. IN summer time this animal can eat berries and insects, but in winter the main diet for the marten is voles. On average, an adult marten can even attack a squirrel, but this is much more difficult than finding a small rodent under the snow.

Maliciousness

The bank vole (taxonomy classifies it as a rodent) is the main pest of forests. When the number of rodents increases, they actually destroy the gardens and young trees of the reserves.

Animals living near fields cause enormous damage to the crop, polluting and often infecting it with various viral infections, which requires human control over the animal population. If voles begin to live next to humans, they often contaminate food and livestock feed. The rodent also causes a lot of trouble, spoiling things and gnawing through loopholes. In Europe, hemorrhagic fever infections and outbreaks of renal syndrome are common. It is this subspecies of the vole that carries the dangerous