Armored personnel carrier with two engines. Armament of domestic armored personnel carriers

Is the most popular armored personnel carrier in Russian army. This wheeled vehicle was created taking into account the experience of previous military conflicts. The BTR-80 crosses small water obstacles, quickly picks up speed, and has good maneuverability coupled with weapons, armor for the engine and crew. There is also fire-fighting equipment and radiation protection - a tribute to the possibilities modern weapons. The main task of the machine is Fast shipping landing on the battlefield and providing cover. In the case of organizing a defense, an armored personnel carrier is dug into the ground, and a tower with a machine gun is turned into a pillbox.

In which troops is it used?

The scope of application of armored personnel carriers is quite wide. If we talk about the BTR-80, specifications allow the use of this transport in the most different troops. It is mainly used by motorized riflemen. In any textbook on tactics you can find battle schemes in different situations a motorized rifle platoon and three armored personnel carriers.

High speed and maneuverability make the BTR-80 an ideal vehicle for airborne units. The ability to cross water obstacles and the ability to transport landing ships allow it to be used in operations Marine Corps. Eight-wheeled vehicles easily slide down ramps straight into the water, within a few minutes, under the cover of artillery, they reach the shore and begin the assault on land, while under the armor “black berets” are waiting in the wings.

It is also possible to drop equipment from aircraft; after landing, the armored personnel carrier immediately enters the battle. Modern parachute systems allow tanks and armored personnel carriers to be dropped immediately with their crew, with minimal risk to people.

In addition, it is actively used in the CIS countries, Estonia, Turkey, etc.

Places of military glory

Since 1976, the main armored personnel carrier in the Soviet Union has been the BTR-70 - a good vehicle, but it inherited the shortcomings of its predecessor, the BTR-60PB. It had high fuel consumption, an insufficiently thought-out landing and landing system, and unreliable power point. In the early 80s, the design bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant designed a new armored personnel carrier - the BTR-80, the characteristics of which allow it to be used in the most different conditions. New technology earned its fame through hard work, having traveled the roads of all military conflicts of the USSR and the CIS since the late 1980s: Moldova, Tajikistan, Chechnya, Nagorno-Karabakh, etc.

BTR-80 was used as the main vehicle in the wars in the North Caucasus. The troops were transported directly on the roof of the transport vehicle. In the event of a military clash on the way, the soldiers jumped off and took cover behind the armored sides.

For foreigners, the Russian soldier is associated not only with the Kalashnikov assault rifle, but also with the BTR-80. Technical characteristics allow the equipment to be effectively used in anti-terrorist operations. This is the most popular wheeled vehicle in the Russian army; modifications based on the BTR-80 are used by assault units, communications units, artillery, and also as a mobile first aid post.

Appearance

Many combat vehicles have approximately the same appearance as the BTR-80. The photo below is presented for better understanding of the information. The body is made of armored steel, welded rigidly and reliably. The main elements are the bow, stern, sides, roof and bottom. The transport vehicle has a whole collection of hatches: for the winch in the bow, there are also inspection hatches, for the air gun, driver and commander hatches, the fighting compartment and a hatch above the power plant. There is also a wave-reflective shield in front.

The turret is made in the form of a truncated cone and has embrasures for installing coaxial machine guns. Welded from armored steel.

BTR-80. User manual

The armored personnel carrier is driven like a regular car, there is a steering wheel, pedals and a gear shift lever. On new models there is even automatic transmission transmission The visibility is a bit small for a driver, but this is not a racing car either. The main thing is to see everything that is in front, and the BTR-80 with its mass and power will not even notice what is on the side. It does not have the same maneuverability as tracked vehicles, but is indispensable in battles on level ground. Fast travel landing will allow you to create a numerical and fire superiority at the right points. Blocking streets and certain areas of the city, crossing a river, pinning down enemy infantry with machine-gun fire - the BTR-80 was created to perform precisely such tasks.

Technical changes to the engine

In the 80s, designers of the Gorky Automobile Plant were tasked with creating an armored personnel carrier, eliminating the shortcomings of the BTR-70. The design of the BTR-80 is very different from its predecessor. First of all, instead of two carburetor engines, they installed one diesel engine from a KamAZ vehicle - a 4-stroke 8-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel engine. This engine is less likely to explode, and its volume is 30 percent larger than its predecessor. A turbocharger is installed to increase power. As a result, the BTR-80 has 260 hp and accelerates to 100 km/h. This is in ideal conditions. On the highway - 80 km/h, on dirt roads - from 20 to 40 km/h. Can cross water obstacles at a speed of 9 km/h.

The use of one engine led to other changes. In the transmission, mechanical force is supplied to a 5-speed gearbox through a dry friction double-disc clutch with a hydraulic drive. All gears, except the first, are equipped with synchronizers.

Increased cross-country ability through differential locking

The differential of the BTR-80 has been improved compared to the BTR-70. From the gearbox the torque is transmitted to a two-stage transfer box. Differential distribution is carried out in two streams: to the first-third and second-fourth BTR-80 bridges. The center differential lock is forced and is activated in difficult road conditions. At the same time, the differential locks only when the front axles are engaged. To increase service life and avoid breakdowns due to overloads, the transfer case is equipped with a torque-limiting clutch.

BTR-80 survivability

The armored personnel carrier has bullet-resistant tires with adjustable pressure. After all, it depends on mobility how long one will live on the battlefield. this technique. The design of the BTR-80 is such that the failure of one or two wheels will not stop it. The technical characteristics are even such that the energy of the explosion will damage only one wheel, and the anti-personnel armored personnel carrier of this model is not at all dangerous.

The desire to provide protection for the crew is understandable, but the thicker the armor, the heavier the vehicle and the slower it moves. The description of the BTR-80 allows you to recognize in it the features of the BTR-70, the differences in appearance insignificant, especially for those not versed in military equipment. The BTR-80 has a longer hull and slightly improved armor. Even in this case, the weight increased by 18 percent - to 13,600 kg. Thanks to changes in the chassis and engine, mobility remains the same. The cruising range, thanks to the diesel engine, has increased to 600 km on the highway.

Increased firepower equipment at the expense of the crew. The shooting ports on the sides of the hull are turned towards the front hemisphere, and an embrasure has also appeared, allowing the commander to fire.

Movement on water

An amphibious vehicle can be easily distinguished by its raised nose - the same as that of the BTR-80. The photo above shows the process of disembarking from the ship. A second car is floating in the background, and the first one has already reached the shore. Operation of the BTR-80 when crossing a water obstacle is simple. The design includes one water jet with an axial pump located in the aft part. Movement on the water is controlled using the steering wheel. In addition to the two front axles, which move on land, water rudders and a damper help turn on water. An armored personnel carrier is a heavy vehicle, and this could not have happened without it.

Initially, the BTR-80 was conceived without a water cannon, but the command navy a vehicle was required that was capable of landing from ships and adapted to the needs of the Marine Corps. Marine units - from assault troops to command communications - all sit on the BTR-80.

Equipment BTR-80

The technical characteristics of the BTR-70 needed to be expanded to adapt to the conditions modern warfare. The BTR-80 was equipped with a BPU-1 turret machine gun mount, the vertical guidance angle of which is 60 degrees. Together with 1PZ-2, it allows anti-aircraft fire. Like a ninja from movies, the BTR-80 can create a smoke screen and hide: for this purpose, the 902B system, which consists of six grenade launchers, is installed on the roof.

At first, the armored personnel carrier, like its predecessor, was armed with a KPVT paired with a PKT.

During the creation of this technology, Afghanistan was the main testing ground for use, however, the designers took care of combat in cold climates. At temperatures from -5 to -25 o C, a pre-heater is provided, arranged on the principle of an electric torch device. When the engine warms up, a flame torch is formed from the combustion of diesel, which also increases the temperature.

The R-123 radio station initially present in the armored personnel carrier was replaced with a newer and more efficient R-163-50U.

BTR-80 with automatic cannon

In 1994, a modification of the BTR-80A armored personnel carrier was put into service. For the first time, a landing vehicle was equipped with a 30-mm 2A72 automatic gun, with 300 rounds of ammunition. A similar gun is used on landing troops, as well as on Ka-50, Ka-52 and Mi-28 helicopters. Tank armor at 120 mm it is capable of penetrating a burst of eight shells from such a BTR-80 cannon.

The technical characteristics of the new turret allow it to hit targets with a large elevation angle - up to 70 degrees. Shot range - up to 4 km. The same PKT of 7.62 caliber with 2000 rounds is paired with the gun. All weapons are located outside the habitable compartment so that powder gases do not enter the premises. For shooting at night, a TPN-3-42 “Crystal” night vision sight is installed, range aimed shooting with its use - up to 900 m.

Other modifications of the BTR-80

The characteristics of the armored personnel carrier allow for its further improvement. For needs internal troops The BTR-80S was developed, which has a 14.5-mm KPVT gun instead of an atomic cannon. Photographs of OSNAZ units always depict this equipment.

The BTR-80M was developed after a fire at the Gorky Automobile Plant. No one expected that production and equipment would be restored in less than a year, so they used the weaker YaMZ-238 engine, but KI-128 tires are more resistant to damage.

For the field command posts Several variations of command and staff vehicles were developed, for example the BTR-80K, equipped with an additional communication device. Machines were also created to control artillery and establish communications, having large antennas instead of weapons. There are even self-propelled howitzer with a 120 mm gun.

Cumulative anti-tank shells are a real scourge for armored vehicles. As a result, armored personnel carriers began to be equipped with mesh screens, which also protect against bullets. large caliber. There is experience in installing dynamic protection on the BTR-80, and the chassis is starting to be covered with screens from the T-72.

Modifications based on the BTR-80 are also being created in other countries.

The armored vehicles of Russia and the world, photos, videos, watch online, were significantly different from all their predecessors. To provide a large reserve of buoyancy, the height of the hull was noticeably increased, and to improve stability, its cross section was given a trapezoidal shape. The required bullet resistance to the hull was provided by rolled cemented armor with an additionally hardened outer layer of the KO brand (Kulebaki-OGPU). In the manufacture of the hull, armor plates were welded on the inner soft side, and special stocks were used to facilitate assembly. To simplify the installation of units, the upper armor plates of the hull were made removable with a seal on fabric gaskets lubricated with red lead.

Armored vehicles of the Second World War in which the crew of two people was located near the longitudinal axis at the back of each other's heads, but the turret with weapons was shifted 250 mm to the left side. The power unit is shifted to the starboard side in such a way that access for engine repairs was possible from inside the tank's fighting compartment after removing the safety partition. At the rear of the tank, along the sides, there were two gas tanks with a capacity of 100 liters each, and directly behind the engine there was a radiator and a heat exchanger, washed by sea water when moving afloat. At the stern, in a special niche, there was a propeller with navigable rudders. The balance of the tank was chosen in such a way that when afloat it had a slight trim to the stern. The propeller was driven by a cardan shaft from a power take-off mounted on the gearbox housing.

Armored vehicles of the USSR in January 1938, at the request of the head of the ABTU D. Pavlov, the tank’s armament was to be strengthened by installing a 45-mm semi-automatic gun or a 37-mm automatic gun, and in the case of installing a semi-automatic gun, the crew was to be increased to three people. The tank's ammunition was supposed to consist of 61 rounds for the 45 mm cannon and 1,300 rounds for the machine gun. The design bureau of plant No. 185 completed two projects on the “Castle” theme, for which the Swedish Landsverk-30 tank was used as a prototype.

The Wehrmacht armored vehicles did not escape troubles with engine boost. To what has been said, we can only add that this crisis was actually overcome only in 1938, for which the tank received not only a forced engine. To strengthen the suspension, thicker leaf springs were used. Rubber tires made of neoprene, a domestic synthetic rubber, were introduced, the production of tracks from Hartfield steel by hot stamping began, and high-frequency-hardened fingers were introduced. But all these changes to the tank were not introduced simultaneously. The tank hull with inclined armor plates could not be manufactured on time. However, the conical turret with improved protection was submitted on time, and the tank with the same hull, reinforced suspension (due to the installation of thicker leaf springs), a forced engine and a new turret entered testing at the NIBT test site.

Modern armored vehicles went under the code T-51. It retained the process of transition from tracks to wheels, like the prototype, by lowering special levers with wheels without a person leaving. However, after adjusting the requirements for the tank, making it a three-seater (it was decided to retain backup control for the loader), and strengthening its armament to the BT level, it was no longer possible to implement the Landsverk-type wheel drive. In addition, the tank's wheel drive transmission was overly complex. Therefore, soon work on the “Castle” theme was carried out on the T-116 tank, in which the “change of shoes” was carried out according to the BT type - by removing the track chains.

Division of machines by purpose and annual standards for their operation.

Armored vehicles, depending on their purpose, are divided into armored weapons and armored vehicles

BTV: tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles

BTT: MTO, tractors, BREM

The group of combat vehicles includes tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, bases of these vehicles used for the installation (mounting) of other types of military equipment. This group includes all command and control vehicles. It contains only new and overhauled machines, technically sound, equipped with the required equipment and spare parts, with an established minimum service life until the next repair.

The combat group's vehicles are kept in storage most of the time; periodically, usually no more than twice a year, in accordance with combat training plans, they are removed from storage and used in tactical exercises.

The group of combat training vehicles includes vehicles allocated from the combat group in accordance with the regulations “On the procedure for operating armored vehicles in Peaceful time for daily training of troops."

The number of vehicles in a combat training group is determined based on the calculation of the needs for vehicles necessary to ensure the implementation of the combat training program for troops.

The group of combat training vehicles includes combat vehicles with the most operating time, those of earlier production, as well as those with the worst technical condition. Vehicles of this group are used for training crews and conducting tactical exercises for units. The use of combat training vehicles is organized to ensure constant combat readiness.
At least 60% of vehicles in a combat training group must have a service life
at least 1,000 km before the next repair.

The group of combat vehicles includes mobile means of maintenance and repair of armored vehicles, tank tractors, ARVs, and MTOs. It contains new and overhauled, technically sound, with an established irreducible service life until the next repair. Are in storage. They are used to provide tactical exercises for units and formations, exercises in overcoming water obstacles, as well as to provide fire-fighting measures.



The group of combat training vehicles includes vehicles of the same type, used in repair units and units for training specialists and ensuring the operation of armored vehicles.

Groups of combat and combat vehicles contain only new and overhauled, technically sound vehicles, equipped with the required equipment and spare parts, with an established minimum service life:

Tanks; BMP; ARV – 3,500 km;

armored personnel carrier; – 10,000 km.

Installation procedure for the T-72 drive wheel.

1. Wipe dry the journal of the final drive shaft, the inner cone and install it on the final drive shaft.

2. Liberally lubricate the unpainted surfaces of the labyrinth, the splines of the drive wheel and the final drive shaft with Litol 24 lubricant.

3. Mount the drive wheel and install it on the shaft

4. Wipe the outer cone dry, install it on the final drive shaft and tap it until it fits tightly. Fill the holes in the outer cone with ZZK-3u putty, and the final drive shaft with Lithod 24 lubricant.

5. Place the rubber ring on the drive wheel mounting plug. Lubricate the thread and end of the plug with lubricant. Install the toothed washer on the pins of a special key to the drive wheel plug

6. Screw the plug into the final drive shaft and tighten it with a special wrench, making sure that the holes for the bolts in the toothed washer coincide with the holes in the drive wheel hub

7. Install the toothed washer and secure it with bolts spring washers

8. Place the gasket on the lubrication hole plug and screw it in until it stops. Seal the plug with wire

Ticket 26 1. Combat and technical characteristics of the BMP-2.

Options BMP-2
Total information
Weight in combat equipment, t 14+2%
Crew, people 3 (7)
Overall height, mm
Ground clearance, mm.
Weapons:
A gun: 2A42
Caliber, mm.
Rate of fire, h/min. 200-300
Direct shot range, m BOD/KUM.
Greatest sighting range, m
Machine guns: PCT
Coaxial PKT gun, mm. 7,62
Flare gun, mm.
Ammunition:
- cannon shots, total (AZ), pcs.
- cartridges for PKT, pcs.
- cartridges for on-board PC, pcs.
- grenades for RPG-7, pcs.
- hand grenades F-1, pcs.
- cartridges for a signal pistol
Mobility and permeability:
Travel speed, km/h:
- average on a dirt road 40-50
- maximum on the highway
- afloat
Power reserve:
- on main fuel tanks, km. Up to 600
- capacity of fuel tanks, l.
Obstacles to be overcome:
- max elevation angle, degrees.
- ditch width, m. 2,5
- wall height, m. 0,7
- ford depth float
- water preg. With OPVT width/depth, (m) float
Power point:
- engine brand UTD-20S1
- engine's type diz
- engine power, kW/hp.
Special equipment:
- protection system against weapons of mass destruction GROOVE
- fire-fighting equipment PPO
-camouflage means TDA
- equipment for underwater driving float

General design of the BTR-80 chassis.

The chassis of the BTR-80 is made according to the 8x8 wheel arrangement with two pairs of front steered wheels. The vehicle's suspension is independent, wishbone, torsion bar, with double-acting telescopic shock absorbers. Wheels with split rim. KI-80N tires are tubeless, thick-walled, bulletproof, with adjustable pressure. Allows short-term movement without overpressure. The armored personnel carrier is equipped with a centralized tire pressure control system. Working pressure - 50-300 kPa. The BTR-80 can continue to move even if one or two wheels fail completely. Braking systems: service (acts on all 8 wheels), parking (acts on the transmission), anti-roll device (locks the transmission).

Movement on water is ensured by the operation of a single-stage, single-shaft water-jet propulsion unit with a four-blade propeller. When moving on land, the outlet window of the water cannon is closed by an armored flap: when moving on water, closing the flap leads to the direction of water into the reverse channels and the creation of reverse thrust or braking force on the water. To control an armored personnel carrier on water, the vehicle's front steered wheels and water rudders are used, located in the box of the vehicle's afloat control unit.


BTR-80 - Soviet armored personnel carrier. Created in the early 1980s as a further development of the BTR-70 armored personnel carrier, taking into account the shortcomings of the latter identified in the Afghan war, and was intended to replace it in motorized rifle troops.

BTR-80 - video

The BTR-80 entered mass production in 1984, and, having been modernized several times, is still in production as of 2012. The latest modifications of the BTR-80, equipped with enhanced weapons, are classified by many experts as wheeled infantry fighting vehicles. Applied Soviet troops in the Afghan war, and since the 1990s has been the main armored personnel carrier Armed Forces Russia and a number of other former Soviet republics and was used in almost all major armed conflicts on post-Soviet space. The BTR-80 was actively supplied and exported; in total, as of 2011, the BTR-80 is in service with at least 26 states.


History of creation and production

By the early 1980s, the main armored personnel carrier of the USSR was the BTR-70, launched into mass production in 1976. The experience of their operation soon showed that, despite considerable improvements compared to the earlier BTR-60, most of the main shortcomings of its predecessor were transferred to it almost unchanged. One of them was the relatively complex and unreliable design of the power plant consisting of twin carburetor engines, which were also characterized by increased fuel consumption and a number of other disadvantages compared to a diesel engine. An equally serious problem remained the unsatisfactory disembarkation and landing of troops and crew, which only slightly improved compared to the BTR-60. Unsatisfactory, as shown Afghan war, the security of the car also remained. Added to all this on the BTR-70 were problems with the new design of the water-jet propulsion unit, which often became clogged with algae, peat slurry and the like while afloat.


To correct these shortcomings, the GAZ-5903 armored personnel carrier was designed in the design bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant under the leadership of I. Mukhin and E. Murashkin in the early 1980s. While maintaining the same layout of the BTR-70, the new vehicle differed from it in a number of changes. Instead of a pair of carburetor engines, one diesel engine of higher power was installed, and large double hatches were installed in the sides of the hull for boarding and disembarking the crew. The body itself has become 115 mm higher and longer, and 100 mm wider, although the overall height of the car has increased only by 30 mm. The desire to provide the crew with the ability to fire from under the protection of the armor was further developed, for which the shooting ports on the sides of the hull were replaced by ball mounts turned towards the front hemisphere. The armored personnel carrier's armor was strengthened only slightly, but even so, the weight of the GAZ-5903 increased by 18% compared to the BTR-70, from 11.5 to 13.6 tons, although the mobility of the vehicle generally remained unchanged, and the range only increased. After successful state tests, the GAZ-5903 was put into service in 1986 Soviet army under the designation BTR-80.


Design

The BTR-80 has a layout with the control compartment located in the front, the combined landing and combat compartment in the middle, and the engine-transmission compartment in the rear of the vehicle. The regular crew of the BTR-80 consists of three people: squad (vehicle) commander, driver and gunner; in addition to them, the armored personnel carrier can transport seven troops inside, in the airborne compartment, and the same number outside, on the armor.

Armored hull and turret

The BTR-80 has poorly differentiated bulletproof armor protection. The armored body of the conveyor is assembled by welding from rolled sheets of homogeneous armor steel with a thickness of 5 to 9 mm. Most of the vertical armor plates of the BTR-80, with the exception of the lower side and rear ones, are installed with significant angles of inclination. The armored hull of all BTR-80s has a streamlined shape, which increases its seaworthiness and is equipped with a folding wave-reflective shield that fits in the stowed position on the middle frontal plate of the hull, thus slightly increasing its protection.


In the frontal part of the hull there is a control compartment, in which, on the left and right, respectively, are the driver and commander of the armored personnel carrier. Behind it is a landing squad, combined with a combat one. Six paratroopers in the aft part of the troop compartment are located in it on two longitudinal plastic seats in the center, sitting facing the side. In the front part, immediately behind the driver’s and commander’s seats, there are two single seats for the remaining members of the landing party, with the right seat facing the direction of the vehicle to ensure the possibility of firing, and the left seat, occupied by a member of the landing party, who in combat conditions becomes a turret gunner , turned with his back to the board. Near the seats of all members of the landing force, except for the turret gunner, there are eight ball mounts on the sides with horizontal aiming angles from ±15 to ±25° for firing from personal weapons. The ball installations are deployed in the direction of the front hemisphere, as a result of which the rear hemisphere is a dead zone for paratroopers; there is also a small dead zone in the front left. Also, two more hatches for firing at the upper hemisphere, without ball mounts, are available in the landing hatches in the roof.


The BTR-80, like its predecessors, has two rectangular landing hatches in the roof, but the main means of disembarkation and landing on it are large double-leaf side doors located immediately behind the turret. The top lid of the side door folds forward as the vehicle moves, and the bottom one opens down, becoming a step, which, unlike its predecessors, allowed troops to board and disembark from the BTR-80 on the move. The driver and commander, as on previous models of armored personnel carriers, have two individual semicircular hatches above their workplaces. In addition, the BTR-80 hull has a number of hatches and hatches that served for access to the engine, transmission and winch units.


Armament

The BTR-80 is armed with a twin mount of a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT. The installation is placed on trunnions in the frontal part of the turret, its guidance in the vertical plane, within the range of −4...+60°, is carried out manually using a screw mechanism, horizontal guidance is carried out by rotating the turret. The machine guns were aimed at the target using a 1PZ-2 periscopic monocular optical sight, which had a variable magnification of 1.2× or 4× with a field of view of 49° and 14°, respectively, and provided fire from the KPVT at a range of up to 2000 meters at ground targets and 1000 m against air targets, and from the PCT - up to 1500 meters against ground targets. The KPVT is designed to combat lightly armored and unarmored enemy vehicles, including low-flying air targets, and has an ammunition load of 500 rounds in 10 belts, equipped with B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullets, armor-piercing tracer BZT, armor-piercing incendiary bullets with a tungsten carbide core, BST , incendiary ZP and incendiary instant action MDZ. The PKT is designed to destroy enemy personnel and firepower and has an ammunition load of 2000 rounds of ammunition in 8 belts.


Surveillance and communications equipment

During the daytime, in non-combat conditions, the driver and commander of the BTR-80 monitor the terrain through two hatches in the upper frontal armor plate of the hull, closed by windshields. In combat conditions or when moving at night, they monitored the terrain through periscope viewing devices various types. The driver on early production vehicles had three TNPO-115 periscope viewing devices for viewing the front sector; on subsequent series vehicles, another TNPO-115 was added to them in the upper left zygomatic armor plate of the hull. In night conditions, the central forward-facing device was replaced by a periscopic binocular passive night vision device TVNE-4B, which worked by enhancing natural light, or by illuminating it with an FG125 headlight with an infrared filter. The field of view of the device along the horizon was 36°, vertically - 33°, and the viewing range at normal conditions- 60 meters when illuminated by a headlight and 120 with natural illumination of 5·10−3 lux.


The main means of observation for the vehicle commander is the TKN-3 combined binocular periscope electro-optical viewing device with day and passive night channels. TKN-3 had a magnification of 5× for the day channel and 4.2× for the night channel, with a field of view of 10° and 8°, respectively. The installation of the device allowed it to rotate within ±50° horizontally and swing within −13 - +33° in the vertical plane. The device was connected to an OU-3GA2M spotlight with a removable infrared filter, which served for illumination in conditions of insufficient natural light. The night vision range for TKN-3 was 300-400 meters. In addition to the TKN-3, the commander has three TNPO-115 devices - two for viewing the front sector and one installed in the right upper zygomatic armor plate.


For a turret gunner, the main means of observing the terrain is the gun sight; in addition, he has periscopic viewing devices: TNP-205, located on the left side of the turret and TNPT-1, installed in the roof of the turret and providing rear visibility. The landing force had two TNP-165A periscope viewing devices installed in the hull roof behind the turret, at the machine gunners' seats, as well as four TNPO-115 devices installed in the upper side armor plates of the hull on both sides of the doors.

For external communications, the R-123M radio station was installed on the BTR-80 of early releases, which was replaced by the more modern R-163 or R-173 on vehicles of later releases. For internal communications, the BTR-80 is equipped with a tank intercom R-124 for three subscribers - the commander, driver and turret gunner.


Engine and transmission

The BTR-80 uses a KamAZ-7403 engine with a turbocharger installed in the engine camber. The BTR-80 with the YaMZ-238M2 engine has the index BTR-80M.


Modifications

Soviet and Russian

— BTR-80 - basic modification with weapons from a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT

— BTR-80K - command version of the BTR-80, with weapons retained and additional communications and headquarters equipment

- BTR-80A - modification with weapons from a 30-mm 2A72 automatic cannon and a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun, installed in a new monitor-mounted turret. Classified by many experts as wheeled fighting machine infantry

— BTR-80S - a variant of the BTR-80A for the Russian National Guard troops, equipped with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT in a monitor-mounted turret

— BTR-80M - a variant of the BTR-80A with a YaMZ-238 engine (240 hp) and KI-126 tires with increased bullet resistance. It differs from its predecessors in the increased body length.


Hungarian

In Hungary, the CURRUS enterprise, based on the BTR-80, developed a family of special vehicles with the installation of various additional equipment, taking into account NATO requirements:

— BTR-80 SKJ - armored medical vehicle
— BTR-80 VSF - radio-biochemical reconnaissance vehicle
— BTR-80 MVJ - repair and recovery vehicle
— BTR-80 MPAEJ - maintenance and repair vehicle
— BTR-80 MPFJ - engineering vehicle


Ukrainian

— BTR-80-KBA-2 - Ukrainian modernization of the BTR-80 (the BTR-80 turret was dismantled, a combat module with a 30-mm KBA-2 automatic cannon and a device for shooting smoke grenades was installed instead)
— BTR-80UM - Ukrainian modernization of the BTR-80. A Ukrainian engine produced by the Tokmak Yuzhdizelmash plant with a capacity of 300 horsepower and a new turret with machine gun and cannon weapons (23 mm automatic cannon and 7.62 mm machine gun) were installed. The first demonstration model of the BTR-80UM was presented during exercises in September 1998
— BTR-80UP - Ukrainian-Polish modernization of the BTR-80, developed for Iraq. Protection has been strengthened, new diesel engines with a capacity of 300 hp have been installed. p., new tires and new electrical and pneumatic systems, the water jet installation was removed. In addition to the linear armored personnel carrier, 7 specialized modifications have been developed


Performance characteristics of the BTR-80

Crew, people: 3
Troops, people: 7
Years of operation: 1986 - present

Weight of BTR-80

— 13.6 tons

Dimensions of BTR-80

— Case length, mm: 7650
— Case width, mm: 2900
— Height, mm: 2350..2460
— Base, mm: 4400
— Track, mm: 2410
— Ground clearance, mm: 475

Armor BTR-80

— Armor type: rolled steel
— Body forehead, mm/deg.: 10
— Hull side, mm/deg.: 7..9
— Hull stern, mm/deg.: 7
— Tower forehead, mm/deg.: 7
— Tower side, mm/deg.: 7
— Feed cutting, mm/deg.: 7

Armament of the BTR-80

— Firing range, km: 1..2 (KPVT); 1.5 (PCT)
— Sights: 1PZ-2
— Machine guns: 1 × 14.5 mm KPVT; 1 × 7.62 mm PKT

Engine BTR-80

— Engine type: KamAZ 7403
— Engine power, l. p.: 260

Speed ​​BTR-80

— Highway speed, km/h: 80
— Speed ​​over rough terrain, km/h: 20..40 on the ground; 9 afloat
— Cruising range on the highway, km: 600
— Cruising range over rough terrain, km: 200..500 on dirt roads
— Specific power, l. s./t: 19.1

— Wheel formula: 8×8/4
— Suspension type: individual torsion bar with hydraulic shock absorbers
— Climbability, degrees: 30
— Wall to be overcome, m: 0.5
— Overcoming ditch, m: 2
— Fordability, m: floats

Photo of BTR-80






Performance characteristics
armored personnel carrier BTR-80
Wheel formula: 8x8;
Crew (landing force), persons: 2 (8);
Combat weight, kg: 13600;
Overall dimensions, mm: length – 7650, width – 2900, height – 2450, ground clearance – 475, wheelbase – 4400, track – 2410;
Reservation, mm/deg.: hull front – 10, hull side – 7..9, hull rear – 7, turret front – 7, turret side – 7, turret rear – 7;
Weapons: one 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun, one 7.62 mm PKT machine gun;
Engine: KamAZ 7403, 260 hp. With.;
Specific power, l. s./t: 19,1;
Maximum speed, km/h: on the highway – 80..90, on the ground – 20..40, afloat – 9;
Maximum speed afloat, km/h: 9,5;
Cruising range on the highway, km: 600;
Fuel capacity, l: 300;
Obstacles to be overcome: rise, deg. - thirty; wall, m - 0.5; ditch, m – 2; ford, m - floats


The BTR-80 armored personnel carrier, developed under the leadership of chief designer A. Masyagin and put into service in 1986, embodied Afghan experience in its design combat use armored personnel carriers. The vehicle, developed by the GAZ Design Bureau, has been mass-produced since 1986 at the Arzamas Machine-Building Plant, specialized in the production of wheeled armored personnel carriers.

One of the main differences between the BTR-80 and its predecessor is the diesel power plant. Initially, the armored personnel carrier was equipped with a KAMAZ-7403 diesel engine (260 hp), unified with the engine of one of the most popular military and national economic vehicles. However, since 1993, after a major fire at a plant in Naberezhnye Chelny, for a long time stopped the production of diesel engines, less powerful engines from the Yaroslavl plant YaMZ-238M2 (240 hp) are installed on production vehicles. New bullet-resistant tires KI-80 or KI-126 were installed, allowing the vehicle to continue moving after the complete failure of one or two wheels. Due to the larger double-leaf side hatches (the lower sections are used as a step), landing from an armored personnel carrier (including while on the move) is significantly simplified. Based on the experience of combat use of an armored personnel carrier in mountain conditions Afghanistan, the area of ​​fire from small arms landing.

1 - illuminator of the commander’s observation device; 2 - 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun; 3 - embrasure for firing a machine gun; 4 - launcher systems 902B “Cloud”; 5 - embrasures for firing from machine guns; 6 - upper door leaf of the side hatch; 7 - lower door leaf of the side hatch; 8 - 7.62 mm PKT machine gun; 9 - air supply covers; 10 - wave-reflective shield; 11 - water-jet propulsion valve; 12 - FVU hatch cover; 13 - outer casing of the muffler and ejector; 14 - commander's hatch cover; 15 - hatch cover for firing from a machine gun; 16 - cover of the upper hatch of the fighting compartment; 17 - engine air intake hood when operating afloat; 18 - niche cover for batteries; 19 - spare parts box; 20 - FVU air intake cap; 21 - winch cable release hatch cover; 22 - fuel tank filler caps

The vehicle received an improved BPU-1 turret machine gun mount with a vertical guidance angle of 60° and a new optical sight 1PZ-2, providing the possibility of anti-aircraft shooting. To set up camouflage smoke screens, the vehicle was equipped with a 902B system, including six grenade launchers mounted on the rear wall of the turret.

Early series of BTR-80 were equipped with R-123 radio stations, which were later replaced by more modern R-163-50U. During serial production, other improvements were made to the design of the machine. Further development The BTR-80 became the BTR-80A (GAZ-59029), adopted by the Russian Army in 1994 and entered mass production in the same year. Work on the creation of this armored personnel carrier was carried out by GAZ JSC under the leadership of A. Masyagin under the theme “Riot”. The highlight of this armored personnel carrier was the fundamental new complex weapons. For the first time on domestic cars this class instead heavy machine gun it was decided to install a powerful 30-mm automatic gun 2A72 with an ammunition load of 300 shells, created at the KBP under the leadership of A. Shipunov on the basis of the 2A42 gun used on combat vehicles BMP-2, BMD-2 and BMD-3, as well as combat helicopters Ka- 50, Ka-52 and Mi-28.

The new gun allows the armored personnel carrier to fight not only light armored targets, but also disable enemy tanks by hitting surveillance devices and other less protected parts. A burst of eight armor-piercing shells fired from a 2A72 cannon is capable of “breaking through” 120 mm tank armor.

The design of the new turret allows firing at high elevation angles (up to 70), hitting enemy planes and helicopters at a range of up to 4000 m. A 7.62-mm PKT machine gun (2000 rounds of ammunition) is paired with the cannon. All weapons are placed on a carriage located outside the habitable compartment, which reduces gas pollution in the interior of the vehicle when firing. The vehicle is equipped with a TPN-3-42 “Crystal” tank night sight, which allows it to hit targets at a range of up to 900 m at night.



Similar articles