Photos of mushrooms with names for children. Flashcards Mushrooms download! Riddles about mushrooms

Vivid pictures with mushrooms, a story about each mushroom and coloring pages with mushrooms. Studying amazing world surrounding nature, don’t forget to tell your children more about mushrooms -

unique inhabitants natural world occupying a middle position between the animal and plant kingdoms.

Lesson on the topic “Mushrooms” - we think, reason, find out

If you ask kids which group mushrooms belong to, they will no doubt answer – plants.

The following arguments can be given as evidence:

sedentary lifestyle;
passive nutrition (substances dissolved in water).

This is where you can give them a surprise by telling them that the structure of a fungal cell is more reminiscent of an animal cell - for example, a beetle or a scorpion, since it is covered with a chitinous (shell) shell. In addition, mushrooms cannot, under the influence sun rays produce their own nutrients, as plants do, which means this also serves as a distinguishing feature.

Ask the kids: where can you most often find a mushroom in the forest? Of course, under the tree. It is not for nothing that many mushrooms get their names from the names of their best friends - the trees under which they grow (aspen, birch). What explains this proximity? Just because mushrooms cannot provide themselves with all the necessary substances, as plants do. Therefore, many of them try to make friends with trees in order to get the products they lack through their roots.

We are thinking about what large groups do all mushrooms divide? Of course, there are edible mushrooms and non-edible mushrooms.

Let the children remember the most famous representatives of each group, and you help them, armed in advance with photo cards depicting mushrooms.

For better assimilation and greater clarity, attach cards with the name of the group on the board or table: “Edible mushrooms” and “Non-edible mushrooms.” After discussion, send each picture to the appropriate group. At the same time, it is better to study twin mushrooms in parallel, this will teach kids to be careful in the process of collecting them.

The video presentation “Edible Mushrooms” will help you in studying edible mushrooms:

Cards with images of mushrooms

As a rule, children know the following types:

Champignon. This mushroom is specially grown in greenhouses, since, unlike many of its fellows, it does not need proximity to trees. Which two distinctive feature champignon need to be remembered? The first is pink or dark brown plates under the cap. The second is the reddish or yellow tint of the mushroom pulp. And, of course, you need to remember the unique aroma of this mushroom, which cannot be confused with anything else if you inhale it at least once.

Let’s immediately remember the name of the double of this noble mushroom? Of course, the pale grebe. We look at her image and look for distinctive features. The most observant will be able to note:

white color of the plates under the cap;
the presence of a specific sac at the base of the mushroom stalk.

We add that the flesh of the pale toadstool always remains pale when cut, which is why this mushroom got its name.

Russula. This mushroom is distinguished by the brightness and variety of colors of its cap. It differs from toadstools in its thick stem, fleshy cap and fragile flesh. And it owes its name to the fact that it does not require long cooking, since it does not contain harmful substances.

Boletus. One of the brightest representatives of the union of mushrooms and trees. It is distinguished by the unusual (speckled) color of its stem and the tubular structure of its cap.

Boletus. From its name it is clear that this mushroom is especially friendly with aspen. And his cap is bright red - the same as aspen leaves in autumn.

Camelina differs from other mushrooms not only in its color, but also in the fact that its cut acquires a blue tint over time.

Honey mushrooms. Friendly mushrooms that grow on the stumps of cut down or dead trees. One of the latest mushrooms, appearing only at the beginning of autumn.

Butter. Unusual mushrooms, growing in coniferous forests. Their cap is covered with a layer of oily liquid, which is why they got their name.

Milk mushroom. Everyone's favorite, the king of salted mushrooms. Different unusual shape and a short leg. It is found in two types - wet (its surface is covered with fringe and slightly damp) and dry - with a smooth cap.

White mushroom, boletus. A noble representative of his species. It has a very thick, fleshy light-colored leg and a cap with a tubular bottom structure.

Chanterelles. Unusual red mushrooms, in which the stem smoothly turns into a cap with a wavy edge.

Speaking of chanterelles, you immediately need to remember them dangerous double– false chanterelles, and pay attention to their differences from real ones: bad smell, bright color (with a reddish tint), smooth edges hats.

Let us immediately remember the most famous non-edible mushroom -. Let's discuss where this name could come from. Children remember the fact that fly agaric is very dangerous for various insects, and our ancestors placed its mushrooms on the windows to prevent flies from flying into the house.

Every kid knows what this mushroom looks like, its color is so unique. Children will also be interested to know that the fly agaric cap can be not only red, but also brown or yellow.

And finally, let's remember another unusual representative of the mushroom kingdom - the truffle. This delicacy mushroom grows in deciduous forests, and under a layer of earth. Therefore, to extract it they use various ways. Pigs and specially trained dogs are especially good at finding truffles.

For greater clarity, we use a poster depicting all common edible and non-edible mushrooms, among which we find familiar ones, and also study previously unseen mushrooms.

Through a poster on which images of mushrooms are drawn, we smoothly move on to the next, reinforcing part of the lesson - pictures with mushrooms. Some of them display the main features of each mushroom, making it recognizable. On others we see the general outlines of mushrooms. You can offer your kids riddles or poems about mushrooms that match the pictures.

A picture for children of a mushroom (poems about mushrooms, riddles about mushrooms) are used to consolidate knowledge of the names of the main parts of the mushroom; with the help of them we try to remember how and in what parts, as well as in their characteristic habitat, the mushrooms that we studied today differ from each other.

Riddles about mushrooms

For example, you can offer the following poems and riddles:

My hat -

Where the needles are.

Glistens in the sun

It slips in your hands. (oiler)

With a thick leg, small,

He hid in the moss... (boletus).

If I get into the basket -

You will have a supply for the winter.

I taste very good!

Did you guess it? This is... (milk).

They lead a friendly round dance

Red sisters.

Everyone will immediately understand:

In front of him... (chanterelles).

Sits bravely on a stump

A bunch of brave guys.

Everyone can easily recognize them:

Who doesn’t know about….(again)?

All shades and colors

Those mushrooms have caps.

Collect them without haste,

Very fragile...(russula).

Look at the video riddles about mushrooms:

As a conclusion to the lesson, to include motor memory in the work, in the final part we invite the kids to work with coloring. The mushroom coloring page puts kids in a calm mood.

Mushroom coloring pages

At the end of the work, you need to consider all the results and even make an impromptu exhibition of mushrooms painted in bright colors.

Presentation of “mushrooms for children” on video:

Pictures with mushrooms

Some people might find pictures with funny mushroom houses useful.

Summary of GCD in middle group on the topic: “Oh, mushrooms, mushrooms”

Komova Lyubov Nikolaevna, teacher at MBDOU “Kindergarten No. 90”, Cherepovets.
Description of material: I bring to your attention a summary of the direct educational activities on the topic: “Oh, mushrooms, mushrooms.” This material will be useful to teachers of children in the 5th year of life at a preschool educational institution.

Target: Introduction to mushrooms.
Tasks:
Educational: Expand children's knowledge about mushrooms (name, place of growth, structure); teach them to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms.
Educational: Develop children's active vocabulary (names of mushrooms)
Educational: Bring up careful attitude to nature, friendliness.
Materials and equipment:
Basket with mushrooms covered with a handkerchief
Audio recording “Sounds of the forest”
Caps of edible mushrooms according to the number of children
Squirrel (be-ba-bo)
Mushroom dummies ( porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, fly agaric, toadstool)
Educational areas:
Cognitive development
Social and communicative development
Preliminary work:
1. Reading “Mushrooms” by V. Kataev, “Under the Mushroom” by V. Suteev
2. Looking at the album with illustrations “Mushrooms”
Progress:
The teacher brings a basket covered with a handkerchief into the group. Attracts children's attention.

Educator: Children, look what I have in my hands! Want to know what's there?
Children: Yes!
Educator: In summer it grows in the forest,
It doesn't go into the basket itself.
He needs to bow down
Cut off the leg, don’t be lazy,
Then he will take off his hat,
It makes delicious food.
What's growing under the hat?
Doesn't go into the basket itself?
Children: Mushroom.
The teacher removes the handkerchief and shows the children mushrooms.
Educator: Children, where do you think these mushrooms come from?
Children:(children's assumptions)
Educator: Where do mushrooms grow?
Children: In the forest.
Educator: I propose to go into the forest and find out who sent us such a gift.
The children agree.
The teacher plays the audio recording “Sounds of the Forest”
Educator:
We are going to the forest today. Children walk in circles
That forest is full of miracles!
It rained in the forest yesterday - Shake the brushes
This is very good. Clap your hands
We will look for mushrooms Place palm to forehead
And collect it in a basket. Crouching and picking mushrooms
Here are the butterflies sitting Pointing to the right
On the stump - honey mushrooms. Pointing to the left
Well, and you, fly agaric, They shake their fingers.
Decorate the autumn forest.
Good forest, old forest. Children walk in circles
Full of fabulous wonders!
We're going for a walk now
And we invite you with us!
Educator: Here we are in the forest. Look how many mushrooms there are around. Let's take a closer look.
Children sit on a rug (in a clearing).
Slide No. 1 White mushroom

Educator: At the hill on the path
The mushroom stands on a thick stalk.
A little damp from the rain
The porcini mushroom is large and important.
Educator: This mushroom is called a porcini mushroom. It has a stem and a cap. ( Shows) What color is the mushroom cap?
Children: The hat is brown.
Educator: What color is the mushroom stem?
Children: The leg is white.
Educator: The porcini mushroom has a very thick and strong stem. If you cut this mushroom, then in the middle it will be white. Hence the name of this mushroom. The white mushroom is considered the king of mushrooms (the main one in the forest). Because he is the most big mushroom in the forest and valuable (tasty). Mushroom pickers love it very much. Who are mushroom pickers?
Children: People who pick mushrooms.
Slide No. 2 Boletus

Educator: How good are they?
Tough guys in red hats!
I'll get them early in the morning
I'll collect it under the aspen tree.
This mushroom is called boletus. It grows under aspen, which is why it is called boletus.
Educator: What does the boletus have?
Children: Leg and cap.
Educator: What color is the hat?
Children: The hat is red.
Educator: And the leg?
Children: The leg is white with black.
Slide No. 3 Boletus

Educator: Before us is another mushroom.
Educator: This is a boletus. Why do you think it is called that?
Children: Grows under a birch tree.
Educator: Under the birch tree ahead -
Boletus, look,
On a tall slender leg...
The leg is a little speckled!
How is it different from boletus?
Children: With a hat. The boletus has a brown cap.
Slide No. 4 Chanterelles

Educator: Here are the beautiful foxes.
Very friendly sisters.
It is not easy for them to hide.
It can be seen very far away.
Educator: Who can tell why these mushrooms are called that?
Children: They are red, like foxes.
Educator: Children, what mushrooms did we find in the clearing?
Children: Chanterelles, boletus, boletus, porcini mushroom.
Educator: All these mushrooms can be eaten, you can cook different dishes from them (fry, dry, boil mushroom soup). Therefore, all of them can be called edible.
The outdoor game “Mushroom Picker and Mushrooms” is being played
According to the counting, a mushroom picker is selected, the rest of the children are mushrooms (they put a cap with a picture of a mushroom on their head)
Educator: Here is a forest clearing,
There are edible mushrooms here.
I invite everyone to the game,
We play, you drive!
Mushrooms grow in a clearing, at the teacher’s signal “The mushroom picker is coming,” the children run away and the mushroom picker catches. The game is played several times.
After the game, the children sit down.
A squirrel appears.
Squirrel: Hello children!
Children: Hello, squirrel!
Squirrel: What are you doing in the forest?
Children: We want to know who sent us a basket of mushrooms as a gift.
Squirrel:It's me. In summer there are a lot of mushrooms in the forest. But you need to be careful, in addition to edible mushrooms, inedible ones also grow in the forest.
Educator: Squirrel, let's introduce the children to inedible mushrooms.
Slide No. 5 Fly agaric

Educator: This mushroom grows in the forest
Don't put it in your mouth!
He's not sweet at all
Specks on the hat
Red like a tomato
Inedible fly agaric!
Look what a fly agaric looks like.
Children: White leg, red cap with white dots.
Educator: It is beautiful and bright, but very dangerous because it is poisonous. Under no circumstances should you touch it with your hands or even kick it.
Slide No. 5 Pale grebe

Educator: Here is another mushroom that is poisonous to humans.
Pale-faced grebes
They roam the clearing in a flock.
I won't play with them.
I'll go around and forget about it.
Why should you avoid these mushrooms?
Children: They are poisonous, inedible, and should not be touched.
Educator: Never eat
Unfamiliar berries...
And mushrooms are toadstools
No need to put it in your mouth:
Your head will spin
My stomach hurts
And from poisoning
The doctor won't save you.
Educator: What mushrooms did we meet?
Children: Edible and inedible.
Didactic game “Collect mushrooms”
Models of familiar mushrooms are laid out in the clearing; children collect only edible ones.
Squirrel: Look how many mushrooms are in the clearing! Children, help me collect edible mushrooms.
Educator: Finding mushrooms is not difficult.
You need to take them carefully.
You need to know them well
So as not to collect toadstools.
After the children have collected mushrooms, the teacher asks each one what mushroom he found.
Educator: What can we call all the mushrooms that we collected?
Children: Edible mushrooms.
Educator: What mushrooms are left in the clearing?
Children: Inedible, poisonous.
Educator: Let's name them.
Children: Fly agaric, pale grebe.
Educator: We played enough with mushrooms,
And now it's time for us to visit mom.
The children thank the squirrel and return to the group.

Flashcards Mushrooms download – good material for games and activities with kids at home. The cards introduce children to different mushrooms - edible, inedible and poisonous. Well develop thinking, memory, increase vocabulary, teach to generalize and classify.

Educational cards Mushrooms, set consists of two folders.

The first folder contains 24 individual and 4 general cards; they are intended for younger preschoolers.

The second folder for older preschoolers (real photos of mushrooms) consists of 56 individual and 10 common cards.

To get started, download and print the cards. Link -

For greater density, glue them onto cardboard and cover them with sketch on both sides. This way they will last longer

Adults can come up with different games and activities themselves. For example:

We look at pictures with small children and learn the names of mushrooms.
With the older kids we will classify mushroom cards into different groups. Learn general words - “Edible mushrooms”, “Inedible mushrooms”, “Poisonous mushrooms”

Games with cards

What are the mushrooms called?

This is less of a game and more of an interesting conversation with children. We show the cards and introduce them.
Kids will learn why one mushroom is called “boletus”, another is called “boletus”, and the third is “chanterelle”. Older children can independently answer questions posed by their parents.

What are the names of the mushrooms that grow:

Under the birch tree?
Under the aspen tree?
On stumps?

What are the names of mushrooms that have a cap:

Redhead?
Oily?

What are the names of mushrooms whose names are similar to:

Forest animal;
Pet.

Show me the picture

Arrange the mushroom cards face up. The adult says the name of the mushroom, the child needs to show it in the picture.

Guess where it is

Take 3 or 4 cards. Together with your child, name each mushroom shown in the picture. After this, turn the pictures over, face down.
Task: remember the names of the mushrooms shown in the picture and show where this or that mushroom is hidden.

Which mushroom has disappeared

Place 3 - 4 mushroom cards in front of the child (for older children 5 - 6). Invite the child to close his eyes while you remove one picture. Task: Guess which mushroom disappeared?

Lay it out separately

Give the child a general mushroom card. Mix the rest of the cards, ask the child to find the same pictures in the common pile as on the common card, name them and put them on top of the common card.
If two or three children participate in this game it will be even better, because then you can arrange a competition. Whoever fills out their general card the fastest wins.

Edible – inedible

The adult shows cards and, and the kids answer whether they can eat them or not. In the end, let’s summarize why we call some mushrooms “edible”, others “inedible”, and others “poisonous”?
The game develops attentiveness, memory, intelligence; teaches you to correctly name and distinguish mushrooms.

Mushroom clearing

Place the Mushrooms flashcards throughout the room. Assignment for the child: Collect only edible mushrooms, leave poisonous ones in the same place.
Try not to give your baby any hints about the choice. When the child completes the task, look at all the collected mushrooms together, pay attention to mistakes (if any) and be sure to praise the child for his efforts.

I know such mushrooms

The game involves several children or a child and an adult. The first participant, starting the game, says the words; “I know such mushrooms: chanterelle”
The second repeats the words of the first and adds his own: “I know such mushrooms: chanterelle, volushka.”
The third continues the chain further, he repeats the words of the second and adds his own word: “I know such mushrooms: chanterelle, trevulushka, fly agaric.”

The task is to continue this chain, repeating the words correctly, without mixing up anything.
Tip: the chain should not be long. To begin with, 5–6 words will be enough.
The game perfectly develops attention and memory.

Fourth wheel

Place the Mushrooms flashcards on the table. Task: Find an extra card. For example:

Russula, boletus, butterdish, fly agaric. (Amanita is a poisonous mushroom);
Fiberwort, fly agaric, fly agaric, toadstool (Moss fly agaric is an edible mushroom);
Serushka, russula, morel, violin (The beginning of the word is the sound C).

Don’t rush to explain, let the child think and find the answer on his own. You will definitely ask why he thinks this is unnecessary.

The game develops logical thinking, attention, memory, increases general level child development

In the future I plan to make flashcards on other topics. In order not to miss anything interesting, follow the publications on the site and subscribe to our news (form on the right side in the sidebar).

What are mushrooms?

Mushrooms, unlike plants, do not contain the pigment chlorophyll, which gives green leaves and extracts nutrients from carbon dioxide. Mushrooms are not able to produce nutrients on their own, but obtain them from the object on which they grow: wood, soil, plants. Eating prepared substances brings mushrooms closer to animals. In addition, this group of living organisms vitally needs moisture, so they are not able to exist where there is no liquid.

Mushrooms can be cap, mold and yeast. It is the hat ones that we collect in the forest. Molds are the well-known mold, yeasts are yeast and similar very small microorganisms. Fungi can grow on living organisms or feed on their waste products. Mushrooms can create mutually beneficial relationships with higher plants and insects, this relationship is called symbiosis. Mushrooms are a must digestive system herbivores. They play a very important role in the life of not only animals, plants, but also humans.

Scheme of the structure of a cap mushroom

Everyone knows that a mushroom consists of a stem and a cap, which is what we cut off when we pick mushrooms. However, this is only a small part of the mushroom, called the “fruiting body”. Based on the structure of the fruiting body, you can determine whether a mushroom is edible or not. The fruiting bodies are made up of intertwined threads called hyphae. If you turn the mushroom over and look at the cap from below, you will notice that some mushrooms have thin plastics there (this lamellar mushrooms), and for others it’s like a sponge (sponge mushrooms). It is there that the spores (very small seeds) necessary for the reproduction of the fungus are formed.

The fruiting body makes up only 10% of the mushroom itself. The main part of the fungus is the mycelium; it is not visible to the eye because it is located in the soil or tree bark and is also an interweaving of hyphae. Another name for mycelium is “mycelium”. Large area mycelium is necessary for mushroom collection nutrients and moisture. In addition, it attaches the fungus to the surface and promotes further spread over it.

Edible mushrooms

The most popular edible mushrooms among mushroom pickers include: porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, butterfly, moss fly, honey fungus, milk mushroom, russula, chanterelle, saffron milk cap, and trumpet mushroom.

One mushroom can have many varieties, which is why mushrooms with the same name can look different.

White mushroom (boletus) Mushroom pickers adore it for its unsurpassed taste and aroma. It is very similar in shape to a barrel. The cap of this mushroom is pillow-shaped and pale to dark brown in color. Its surface is smooth. The pulp is dense, white, odorless and has a pleasant nutty taste. The stem of the porcini mushroom is very voluminous, up to 5 cm thick, white, sometimes beige in color. Most of it is underground. This mushroom can be collected from June to October in coniferous, deciduous or mixed forests And appearance it depends on where it grows. You can eat white mushroom in any form.

Common boletus

Common boletus (boletus) It is also a rather desirable mushroom for mushroom pickers. His hat is also pillow-shaped and colored either light brown or dark brown. Its diameter is up to 15 cm. The flesh of the cap is white, but may turn slightly pink when cut. The length of the leg is up to 15 cm. It widens slightly downward and has a light gray color with brown scales. The boletus grows in deciduous and mixed forests from June to late autumn. He loves light very much, so most often he can be found on the edges. Boletus can be consumed boiled, fried and stewed.

Boletus

Boletus(redhead) is easy to recognize by interesting color his hat, reminiscent of autumn foliage. The color of the cap depends on the place of growth. It varies from almost white to yellow-red or brown. At the point where the flesh breaks, it begins to change color, darkening to black. The leg of the boletus is very dense and large, reaching 15 cm in length. In appearance, the boletus differs from the boletus in that it has black spots drawn on its legs as if horizontally, while the boletus has more vertical spots. This mushroom can be collected from the beginning of summer until October. It is most often found in deciduous and mixed forests, aspen forests and small forests.

Oil can

Oil can has a fairly wide cap, up to 10 cm in diameter. It can be colored from yellow to chocolate, and has a convex shape. The skin can be easily separated from the flesh of the cap and it can be very slimy and slippery to the touch. The pulp in the cap is soft, yellowish and juicy. In young butterflies, the sponge under the cap is covered with a white film; in adults, it leaves a skirt on the leg. The leg has the shape of a cylinder. It is yellow at the top and may be slightly darker at the bottom. Butterfly grows in coniferous forests on sandy soil from May to November. It can be consumed pickled, dried and salted.

Kozlyak

Kozlyak very similar to an old oil can, but the sponge under the cap is darker, with large pores and there is no skirt on the leg.

Mosswort

Mokhoviki have a cushion-shaped cap with velvety skin from brown to dark green. The leg is dense, yellow-brown. The flesh may turn blue or green when cut and has a brown color. The most common are green and yellow-brown moss mushrooms. They have excellent taste qualities and can be consumed fried and dried. Before eating it, be sure to clean the cap. Moss mushrooms grow in deciduous and coniferous forests temperate latitudes from mid-summer to mid-autumn.

Dubovik

Dubovik grows mainly in oak forests. In appearance, the shape resembles a porcini mushroom, and the color resembles a moss mushroom. The surface of the cap of young mushrooms is velvety; in damp weather it can be mucous. The hat becomes covered from touching dark spots. The flesh of the mushroom is yellowish, dense, red or reddish at the base of the stem, turns blue when cut, then turns brown, odorless, mild taste. The mushroom is edible, but it is easily confused with inedible ones: satanic and gall mushrooms. If part of the leg is covered with a dark net, it is not an oak tree, but its inedible double. In olive-brown oak, the flesh immediately turns blue when cut, while in poisonous double slowly changes color, first to red, and then turns blue.

All the mushrooms described above are spongy. Among sponge mushrooms, only gall mushroom And satanic mushroom, they look like white, but immediately change color when cut, and the pepper is not edible, because it is bitter, more about them below. But among the agaric mushrooms there are many inedible and poisonous ones, so the child should remember the names and descriptions of edible mushrooms before going on a “quiet hunt”.

Honey fungus

Honey fungus grows at the base of trees, and meadow honey fungus- in the meadows. Its convex cap, up to 10 cm in diameter, is yellowish-brown in color and looks like an umbrella. The length of the leg is up to 12 cm. In the upper part it is light and has a ring (skirt), and at the bottom it acquires a brownish tint. The pulp of the mushroom is dense, dry, with a pleasant smell.

Autumn honey fungus grows from August to October. It can be found at the base of both dead and living trees. The cap is brownish, dense, the plates are yellowish, on a stalk white ring. Most often it is found in birch groves. This mushroom can be eaten dried, fried, pickled and boiled.

Autumn honey fungus

Summer honey fungus, like autumn honey fungus, grows on stumps all summer and even in autumn. Its cap along the edge is darker than in the middle and thinner than that of the autumn honey fungus. There is a brown ring on the stem.

Summer honey fungus

Honey fungus has been growing in meadows and pastures since the end of May. Sometimes mushrooms form a circle, which mushroom pickers call a “witch’s ring.”

Honey fungus

Russula

Russula They have a round cap with easily peelable skin at the edges. The cap reaches 15 cm in diameter. The cap can be convex, flat, concave or funnel-shaped. Its color varies from red-brown and blue-gray to yellowish and light gray. The leg is white, fragile. The flesh is also white. Russula can be found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. They also grow in the birch park and on the river bank. The first mushrooms appear at the end of spring, and greatest number occurs in early autumn.

Chanterelle

Chanterelle- an edible mushroom that is pleasant in appearance and taste. Its velvety hat is red in color and resembles a funnel shape with folds along the edges. Its flesh is dense and has the same color as the cap. The cap smoothly transitions into the leg. The leg is also red, smooth, and tapers downwards. Its length is up to 7 cm. The chanterelle is found in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. It can often be found in moss and among coniferous trees. It grows from June to November. You can use it in any form.

Gruzd

Gruzd has a concave cap with a funnel in the center and wavy edges. It is dense to the touch and fleshy. The surface of the cap is white and can be covered with fluff; it can be dry or, on the contrary, slimy and wet, depending on the type of milk mushroom. The pulp is brittle and releases when broken white juice with a bitter taste. Depending on the type of milk mushroom, the juice may turn yellow or pink when scraped. The leg of the milk mushroom is dense and white. This mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed forests, often covered with dry foliage so that it is not visible, but only a mound is visible. You can collect it from the first summer month to September. Milk mushrooms are well suited for pickling. Much less often they are fried or consumed boiled. The breast can also be black, but the black tastes much worse.

White milk mushroom (real)

Dry milk mushroom (podgruzdok)

Aspen mushroom

Black milk mushroom

Volnushka

Volnushki They are distinguished by a small cap with a depression in the center and a beautiful fringe along the slightly turned up edges. Its color varies from yellowish to pink. The pulp is white and dense. This is a conditionally edible mushroom. The juice has a very bitter taste, so before cooking this mushroom, it needs to be soaked for a long time. The leg is dense, up to 6 cm in length. Volnushki love damp areas and grow in deciduous and mixed forests, preferring birch trees. They are best harvested from August to September. Volnushki can be eaten salted and pickled.

Ryzhik

Saffron milk caps they are similar to volnushki, but larger in size, they do not have a fringe along the edges, they are light orange in color, and the flesh when cut is also orange, turning green along the edges. The mushroom does not have bitter juice, so it can be cooked immediately without soaking. The mushroom is edible. Ryzhiki are fried, boiled and pickled.

Champignon

Champignons They grow in the forest, in the city, and even in landfills and basements from summer to autumn. While the mushroom is young, its cap has the shape of a half ball of white or grayish color, reverse side the caps are covered with a white veil. When the cap opens, the veil turns into a skirt on a leg, exposing gray plates with spores. Champignons are edible, they are fried, boiled, pickled without any special pre-treatment.

Violin

A mushroom that squeaks slightly when you run a fingernail over it or when the caps are rubbed, many call it a squeaky mushroom. It grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, usually in groups. The violin is similar to a milk mushroom, but unlike the milk mushroom, its plates are cast in a yellowish or greenish color, and the cap may also not be pure white, moreover, it is velvety. The flesh of the mushroom is white, very dense, hard, but brittle, with a faint pleasant odor and a very pungent taste. When broken, it secretes a very caustic white milky juice. The white pulp turns greenish-yellow when exposed to air. The milky sap dries and becomes reddish. Skripitsa is a conditionally edible mushroom; it is edible when salted after soaking.

Valuy (bull) has a light brown cap with whitish plates and a white stem. While the mushroom is young, the cap is curved down and slightly slippery. Young mushrooms are collected and eaten, but only after removing the skin, long-term soaking or boiling of the mushroom.

You can find such fancy mushrooms in the forest and meadow: morel, string, dung beetle, blue-green stropharia. They are conditionally edible, but lately are being consumed less and less by people. Young umbrella and puffball mushrooms are edible.

Poisonous mushrooms

Inedible mushrooms or foods containing their poisons can cause severe poisoning and even death. The most life-threatening inedible, poisonous mushrooms include: fly agaric, toadstool, false mushrooms.

A very noticeable mushroom in the forest. Its red hat with white specks is visible to the forester from afar. However, depending on the species, the caps can also be of other colors: green, brown, white, orange. The hat is shaped like an umbrella. This mushroom is quite large in size. The leg usually widens downward. There is a “skirt” on it. It represents the remains of the shell in which young mushrooms were located. This poisonous mushroom can be confused with golden-red russula. Russula has a cap that is slightly depressed in the center and does not have a “skirt” (Volva).

Pale grebe (green fly agaric) even in small quantity can cause great harm to human health. Its cap can be white, green, gray or yellowish. But the shape depends on the age of the mushroom. The cap of a young pale grebe resembles a small egg, and over time it becomes almost flat. The stem of the mushroom is white, tapering downward. The pulp does not change at the site of the cut and has no odor. Pale grebe grows in all forests with aluminous soil. This mushroom is very similar to champignons and russula. However, the plates of champignons are usually darker in color, while those of the toadstool are white. Russulas do not have this skirt on the leg, and they are more fragile.

False honey mushrooms can be easily confused with edible honey mushrooms. They usually grow on tree stumps. The cap of these mushrooms is brightly colored, and the edges are covered with white flaky particles. Unlike edible honey mushrooms, the smell and taste of these mushrooms are unpleasant.

Gall mushroom- double of white. It differs from boletus in that upper part its legs are covered with a dark mesh, and the flesh turns pink when cut.

Satanic mushroom also similar to white, but its sponge under the cap is reddish, there is a red mesh on the leg, and the cut becomes purple.

Pepper mushroom looks like a flywheel or oil can, but the sponge under the cap is purple.

False fox- an inedible counterpart to the chanterelle. By color false fox darker, reddish-orange, white juice is released at the break of the cap.

Both the moss fly and the chanterelles also have inedible counterparts.

As you understand, mushrooms are not only those that have a cap and a stem and that grow in the forest.

Yeasts are used to create some drinks, using them during the fermentation process (for example, kvass). Molds are a source of antibiotics and save millions of lives every day. Special types mushrooms are used to give products, such as cheeses, a special taste. They are also used to create chemicals.
Fungal spores, through which they reproduce, can germinate in 10 years or more.
Meet and predatory species mushrooms that feed on worms. Their mycelium forms dense rings, once caught, it is no longer possible to escape.
The oldest mushroom found in amber is 100 million years old.
An interesting fact is that leaf-cutter ants are able to independently grow the mushrooms they need for nutrition. They acquired this ability 20 million years ago.
There are about 68 species of luminous mushrooms in nature. They are most often found in Japan. These mushrooms are distinguished by the fact that they glow in the dark. green, this looks especially impressive if the mushroom grows in the middle of rotten tree trunks.
Some fungi cause serious diseases and affect agricultural plants.

Mushrooms are mysterious and very interesting organisms, full of unsolved secrets and unusual discoveries. Edible species are very tasty and useful product, and inedible ones can cause great harm to health. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish them and you should not put a mushroom in the basket that you are not completely sure about. But this risk does not prevent one from admiring their diversity and beauty against the backdrop of blooming nature.

Speech therapy sessions with children are much more productive if you use a special visual material. This is especially necessary when personal experience The baby (on the topic under discussion) is not too big. For example, preschoolers rarely see mushrooms and have vague ideas about their different types, so high-quality images of these “ forest gifts"allow not only to develop children's speech, but also to significantly enrich knowledge about the surrounding world and nature.

If you want to use pictures of mushrooms for activities with children, then you should consider several rules for their use:

Give your child the opportunity to take a good look and study new images in each drawing, and only then use them for educational exercises or games.
Pay attention to the quality of the pictures. It is best to use special speech therapy illustration sets produced for kindergarten, but you can also take realistic images from the Internet or use photographs.
Be sure to choose a variety handout– both subject pictures and plot ones. The first are small cards with single images of mushrooms, and the second are illustrations of a real (hedgehog with mushrooms) or fairy-tale (series of pictures Under a mushroom) situation on the topic. For the development of speech in preschoolers, both types of visual material are necessary.
Any illustration for classes must be made in a realistic manner, accurately repeating all the elements external structure one or another object.
It is most convenient to use cards with names that older preschoolers can read themselves.
Images of mushrooms on a transparent background significantly expand the possibilities of using them when composing stories.

Cards by Glen Doman on the topic “Mushrooms”:

Quests

Representatives of this natural kingdom so many that each type allows you to offer the child special tasks. To do this, of course, you need to choose suitable pictures with mushrooms for children, as close as possible to natural ones.

Russula

What color are the caps of these mushrooms?
Explain what their name says?

Count: one honey fungus - two honey mushrooms - three...
Think and tell us why honey mushrooms are often called “friendly”?

Compare the fox and the fox. How is the chanterelle mushroom similar to the red animal?
What kind of fox can you see in the kitchen? (fried, boiled, pickled, dried, salted, fresh)

Where does boletus like to grow most? Which tree “gave” its name to him?
What can you call a grove in which only aspen boletuses grow? (aspen, aspen)

boletus

What happens if you pull out mushrooms by the roots, rather than trim them with a knife? Why can't this be done?
In which forest can boletus be found most often (in a birch grove, in a birch forest).

Boletus (white mushroom)

Describe the appearance of the boletus.
Explain why it is also called “white”?
Can someone hide under a mushroom if it has grown very large?

Why can't you pick fly agarics?
What other inedible mushrooms do you know?

Pale grebe

Tell me about what it is poisonous mushrooms and why pale toadstools considered so dangerous to people?
Why doesn't anyone pick up harmful mushrooms?

Games

Different pictures of mushrooms for children allow you to conduct many different kinds of speech therapy games. Here are some examples:

Collecting mushrooms

Each player chooses one picture of a mushroom and tries to describe it external features. If the other player guesses right, the card goes to him. The one who collects the most pictures wins.

How are we similar?

An adult chooses two cards (boletus-boletus, white-boletus, russula-fly agaric) and invites the children to see as many differences between them as possible. The last one to answer wins.

Cheerful cooks

Invite the children to “cook” a lunch of different edible mushrooms that they know. Everyone must choose one picture and name a dish that can be prepared with one or another mushroom (for example: porcini mushroom soup, pickled boletus, boletus mushrooms in sour cream, salted milk mushrooms, etc.

Oh, what a honey fungus we have!

The image of any mushroom is transmitted from one player to another. Everyone names one of its signs, distinctive features external building. The winner is the participant who can see and name some detail last.

Tales from storytellers

Ask each player to choose one specially selected picture of a mushroom for children. Then everyone has to come up with short story about your character. Tell about his character, habits, activities. For example, Borovik is the king of all mushrooms in the forest, he is strict and important, busy from morning to evening state affairs, loves to play football and play the balalaika. Older preschoolers can be asked to come up with (in a circle) a whole story about the mushroom kingdom; everyone can draw illustrations for the fairy tale together.

Mosaic: find a piece

Make cut-out pictures from the cards and invite your child to assemble them. You can use drawings of poisonous and edible mushrooms for this game.

Full basket

Invite your child to select several cards (he will need a small basket for this), memorize them well and repeat all the names by heart without looking into the basket again. Each player can try to become a mushroom picker by collecting their own set of cards.

Riddles

It is very useful to teach riddles on a chosen topic with children. This helps not only to train the preschooler’s memory and attention, but also significantly increases his vocabulary, and also allows him to automate difficult sounds. Here is a selection of suitable riddles called Basket of Mushrooms for Kids:

Coloring pages

Coloring pictures is very important for the development of a baby’s fine motor skills, for his speech development. For younger preschoolers need to offer larger, simpler outline images of the most famous mushrooms(white, fly agaric), and for older children it would be more correct to select drawings with miniature honey mushrooms, chanterelles, and russula. Make sure that children do the work only with pencils; it is this condition that ensures the value of coloring books.