Which countries are included in the Eurasian Union. Eurasian Economic Union of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation

Every year the world moves further along the path of globalization and integration. Ties within economic and political unions are becoming stronger, and new interstate associations are emerging. One of such organizations is the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Let's learn more about the work of this regional association.

The essence of the EAEU

What is the Eurasian Economic Union? This international association, aimed at the economic integration of a number of countries located in Europe and Asia. Currently, it includes only a number of states of the former Soviet Union, but this does not mean that theoretically the EAEU cannot expand beyond the borders of the previously existing USSR.

It should be noted that members of the Eurasian Economic Union are expanding cooperation among themselves not only in economic terms, but also in political and cultural aspects.

Organizational goals

The main goal that the Eurasian Economic Union sets for itself is to deepen economic interaction between its member countries. This is expressed in local tasks, such as stimulating trade circulation between countries, removing customs and tax restrictions on trade, developing cooperation and developing common economic projects. The result of deepening cooperation should be the growth of the economies of the participating countries and an increase in the living standards of their citizens.

The main tool for achieving the strategic goal is to ensure free trade, which is expressed in unimpeded movement commodity values, capital, work force and other resources within the borders of the EAEU.

Background of creation

Let's find out how such an organization as the Eurasian Economic Union was formed.

The beginning of the reintegration of states in the open spaces former USSR marked the creation of the CIS. The agreement on the formation of this entity was signed in December 1991 between the heads of the RSFSR, Belarus and Ukraine. Later, until 1994 inclusive, all Soviet republics, except the Baltic countries, joined it. True, Turkmenistan takes part in the organization as an association; the Ukrainian parliament has never ratified the agreement, therefore, although the country is a founder and participant in the association, it is not legally a member, and Georgia left the CIS in 2008.

At the same time, during their work, the Commonwealth institutions have shown their low efficiency. The decisions of the CIS bodies were in fact not binding on its members and were often not implemented, but economic effect from cooperation was minimal. This has forced the governments of some countries in the region to think about creating more effective systems of interaction.

The President of Kazakhstan made a statement about the need to create a closer union than the CIS, which would imply systemic integration of the economies of the participating countries, as well as a common defense policy. By analogy with European Union he called the hypothetical organization the Eurasian Union. As we can see, the name stuck and was used in the future to create a new economic structure.

The next step on the path of mutual integration was the signing in 1996 between the leaders of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan of the Agreement on Deepening Integration. Its action covered both economic and humanitarian spheres.

EurAsEC is the predecessor of the EAEU

In 2001, the integration aspirations of the above countries, as well as Tajikistan, which joined them, found expression in the creation of a full-fledged international organization - the Eurasian economic community. In 2006, Uzbekistan became a member of the EurAsEC, but only after two years it suspended its participation in the organization. Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia received observer status.

The purpose of this organization was to deepen economic cooperation in the region, as well as the implementation of some tasks that the CIS could not cope with. It was a natural continuation of the integration processes that were launched by the 1996 agreement, and the Eurasian Economic Union was the result of common efforts.

Organization of the Customs Union

One of the main tasks of the EurAsEC was the organization of the Customs Union. It provided for a single customs territory. That is, within the borders of this interstate association, customs duties were not levied when moving goods.

The agreement on the formation of the Customs Union between representatives of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus was signed back in 2007. But before the organization could begin to fully function, each of the participating countries had to make appropriate changes to their domestic legislation.

TS began its activities in January 2010. First of all, this was expressed in the formation of identical customs tariffs. The Unified Customs Code came into effect in July. It served as the foundation on which the entire TS system rests. This is how the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union was formed, which is still in force today.

In 2011, a common customs territory began to function, which meant the abolition of all customs restrictions between the CU countries.

During 2014-2015, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia also joined the Customs Union. Representatives power structures Tunisia and Syria expressed their desire for their countries to join the CU organization in the future.

The Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union are, in fact, components of the same regional integration process.

Education of the EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union is the final result of the integration aspirations of a number of countries of the former Soviet Union. The decision to create this organization was made at the summit of the heads of EurAsEC members back in 2010. Since 2012, the Common Economic Space began to function, on the basis of which the formation of the EAEU was planned.

In May 2014, an agreement was agreed between the heads of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus on the creation of this organization. In fact, it came into force at the beginning of 2015. Due to this fact, the EurAsEC was liquidated.

Participating countries

Initially, the founding countries of the EurAsEC organization are the states that were most interested in economic integration in the region. These are Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia. Later they were joined by Armenia and Kyrgyzstan.

Thus, currently the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are represented by five countries.

Extension

The United Eurasian Economic Union is not a structure with fixed borders. Hypothetically, any country that meets the requirements of the organization can become its member. Thus, in January 2015, Armenia became a member of the union, and in August Kyrgyzstan joined the organization.

The most likely candidate to join the community is Tajikistan. This country cooperates closely with the EAEU states within the framework of other regional organizations and does not remain aloof from integration processes. Tajikistan is a member of the CIS, the collective defense organization of the CSTO, and at one time was a full member of the EurAsEC community, which ceased to exist after the EAEU began functioning. In 2014, the President of Tajikistan announced the need to study the possibility of the country joining the EAEU.

In 2012-2013, negotiations were held on the possible future entry into the organization of Ukraine, since regional cooperation without this country, according to experts, could not give the maximum effect. But the political elite of the state was committed to integration in the European direction. After the overthrow of the Yanukovych government in 2014, the possibility of Ukraine joining the EAEU can only be realistic in the long term.

Controls

Members of the Eurasian Economic Union formed the governing bodies of this international organization.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the governing body of the EAEU at the highest level. It includes heads that represent the states of the Eurasian Economic Union. This body decides all the most important questions of a strategic nature. He holds a meeting once a year. Decisions are made exclusively unanimously. The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are obliged to comply with all decisions of the Supreme Council of the EAEU.

Naturally, a body that meets once a year cannot fully ensure the constant functioning of the entire organization. For these purposes, a commission of the Eurasian Economic Union (Eurasian Economic Commission) was created. The tasks of this structure include the preparation and implementation of specific integration measures, which are provided for by the general development strategy developed by the Supreme Council. On this moment The commission employs 1,071 people who have received the status of international employees.

The executive body of the commission is the Collegium. It consists of fourteen people. In fact, each of them is an analogue of ministers in national governments and is responsible for a specific area of activity: economy, energy, customs cooperation, trade, etc.

Economic interaction

The main goal of creating the EAEU is to deepen economic integration between the countries of the region. Therefore, it is not surprising that economics comes first in the organization’s tasks.

Within the boundaries of the organization, the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union, adopted back in 2010, before the start of the functioning of the EAEU, is in force. It provides for the free movement of goods without customs control in the territory of all countries of the organization.

Application economic instruments, provided for by the EAEU development concept, is intended to reduce the cost of goods that cross the border due to the absence of a customs margin on them; increase competition, which should cause an increase in product quality; bring tax legislation in all countries to a common denominator; increase the GDP of the organization’s members and the welfare of their citizens.

Criticism

At the same time, there are many critical reviews of the work of the EAEU among economic analysts. Moreover, they exist as ardent opponents of existence similar organization, and among its moderate supporters.

Thus, the fact that the project was actually launched before all the nuances of its mechanisms had been worked out and agreements had been reached on the prospects of the EAEU has been criticized. It is also noted that in fact the union is not so much pursuing economic goals, as much as it is political, but in economic terms it is not beneficial for all its members, including Russia.

Prospects

At the same time, the prospects for the EAEU with making the right choice the economic course and coordination of actions between the participants look quite good. A significant economic effect is noticeable even under the conditions of sanctions imposed on Russia by Western countries. In the future, it is planned that the effect of participation in the EAEU will be expressed in a 25 percent increase in GDP for all its participants.

In addition, there is a possibility of further expansion of the organization. Many countries of the world are interested in cooperation with the EAEU without joining the union. For example, a free trade zone will soon begin to operate between the community and Vietnam. The governments of Iran, China, India, Egypt, Pakistan and a number of other states have also expressed interest in establishing such relations.

Subtotals

It is still too early to talk about how successful the implementation of the EAEU was, because the organization is barely functioning more than a year. At the same time, certain intermediate results can be drawn right now.

It is a great achievement that the organization actually works and is not a structure created just for show. This is especially significant in the context of international economic sanctions against the country, which, in fact, is the cementing basis of the union - Russia.

At the same time, despite many positive aspects, it should be noted that the EAEU does not function as clearly as those who saw the future of this organization only in rosy colors would like. There are many disagreements both at the level senior management participating countries, and in terms of coordination small parts, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of economic returns of this project generally.

But let’s hope that the shortcomings will be resolved over time, and the EAEU will turn into a clear mechanism that works effectively for the benefit of all its members.

Eurasian Economic Union - international organization regional economic integration, which has international legal personality and created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increased competitiveness national economies and creating conditions for sustainable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the Member States. The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in sectors of the economy.

The Eurasian Economic Union is the successor to the Eurasian Economic Council, which operated from 2001 to 2014. In October 2014, the heads of state discussed the results of 14 years of work of the EurAsEC and came to the conclusion that the format of this union had justified itself, but had exhausted itself. The Interstate Council of the EurAsEC adopted the Agreement “On the termination of the activities of the Eurasian Economic Community.” On May 29, 2014, an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed in Astana. The document will come into force on January 1, 2015. In October 2014, Armenia joined the EAEU, and on December 23, President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambaev signed the Treaty of Accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the Eurasian Union. In order to become a full member of the EAEU, the country needed time to bring its infrastructure to common standards. On May 8, 2015, Kyrgyzstan officially joined the Eurasian Economic Union. A protocol on this was signed in Moscow at a meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council by the heads of the member countries of the union.

The current member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are: the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Kyrgyzstan.

The macroeconomic effect from the integration of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan into the EAEU is created due to:

Reduced prices for goods due to reduced costs of transporting raw materials or exporting finished products.
Stimulating “healthy” competition in the common market of the EAEU through an equal level of economic development.
Increasing competition in the common market of member countries due to the entry of new countries into the market.
Increase in average wages, thanks to reduced costs and increased productivity.
Increasing production due to increased demand for goods.
Increasing the well-being of the people of the EAEU countries, thanks to lower food prices and increased employment.
Increasing the return on investment of new technologies and products due to increased market volume.

Supreme Eurasian Economic Council– highest body of the Union, which includes the Presidents of the Union member states. It meets at least once a year and the decisions taken by the Council are binding in all member states.

Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council– a body composed of the heads of government of member states. Meets at least twice a year.

Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main tasks of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union.

Union Court – Judicial authority Union, ensuring the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The most important tasks of the EAEU are to accelerate the technological development of industrial complexes of the EAEU countries, import substitution of industrial goods in the common market of the union and increasing exports of manufacturing products.

Activities:

Currently, the participating countries are discussing the experience of creating national networks of industrial cooperation and subcontracting, the functioning of exchanges and regional centers of industrial outsourcing as effective tools for searching and interaction of industrial partners in the EAEU states.

The issue of the formation and functioning of Eurasian technology platforms as an effective tool for implementing industrial cooperation within the Union. They will be created on the basis of public-private partnership. To date, seven pilot Eurasian technology platforms have already been formed (“Supercomputers”, “Medicine of the Future”, “LEDs”, “Photonics”, “Light Industry”, “Technologies of the food and processing industry of the agro-industrial complex” and “Bioenergy”). With the help of these platforms, the internal market of the EAEU will not only be filled, but the export of its products to third countries will also develop.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is currently the main integration project in the post-Soviet space of the Commonwealth Independent States. The EAEU is “an international organization for regional economic integration, possessing international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union” (EAEU. Official website).

The Agreement “On the Eurasian Economic Union” was signed on May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) and entered into force on January 1, 2015. The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in sectors of the economy. The fundamental principles of the EAEU were created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of the national economies of the member countries and creating conditions for stable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the member states.

As of July 1, 2015, members of the EAEU are the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Russian Federation.

EAEU governing bodies:

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest body of the Union, which includes the presidents of the Union member states;
The Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council is a body composed of heads of government of member states;
The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main objectives of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union;
The Court of the Union is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

Key milestones in the development of the EAEU

1994– in Moscow the idea (N.A. Nazarbayev) of forming the Eurasian Union of States was first voiced; in the presented integration project The name Eurasian Union was used for the first time.

1995– the Agreement on the Customs Union was signed in Moscow (by the governments of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the other hand), aimed at “ further development balanced and mutually beneficial relations" between the parties, namely, to remove obstacles to free economic interaction between economic entities of the parties, ensure free exchange of goods and fair competition, and ultimately guarantee sustainable development national economies.

1996– an Agreement on deepening integration in the economic and humanitarian fields was signed in Moscow (by the presidents of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation).

1999– the Agreement on the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space was signed in Moscow (by the presidents of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation).

2000– the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was established in Astana (by the presidents of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation) in order to effectively promote the process of forming the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space.

2003– in Yalta, an Agreement was signed on the formation of a Common Economic Space (by the presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Ukraine), ensuring the free movement of goods, services and labor.

2007– the Agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of the Customs Union of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation was signed in Dushanbe, which sets the goal of “ensuring the free movement of goods in mutual trade and favorable conditions trade of the Customs Union with third countries, as well as the development of economic integration of the parties.”

2010– the Customs Union of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation began to function: the Unified Customs Tariff was introduced, customs clearance and customs control at internal borders were abolished, unimpeded movement of goods was ensured on the territory of the three states; 17 basic international treaties were adopted, creating the basis for the beginning of the functioning of the Common Economic Space; The Declaration on the formation of the Common Economic Space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (by the presidents of the three countries) was signed in order to ensure harmonious, complementary and mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries, international economic associations and the European Union with the goal of creating a common economic space.

2011– the Declaration on Eurasian Economic Integration was signed (by the presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation), which declared the transition “to the next stage of integration construction - the Common Economic Space (SES)”, based “on the principles of compliance with generally accepted norms international law, including respect for the sovereignty and equality of states, the affirmation of fundamental human rights and freedoms, the rule of law and market economy"; a decision was made “On the entry into force of international treaties forming the Common Economic Space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation”, which determined the entry into force of the agreements forming the Common Economic Space from January 1, 2012.

2012– entry into force of international treaties forming legal basis The single economic space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, creating the basis for the free movement of not only goods, but also services, capital and labor; the beginning of the work of the Eurasian Economic Commission with headquarters in Moscow.

2014– signing of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) (by the presidents of the CU and SES member states), the Treaty on the accession of the Republic of Armenia to the EAEU, the Treaty on the accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the EAEU.

2015– entry into force of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

In Astana (Kazakhstan) by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Came into force on January 1, 2015.

The Eurasian Economic Union was created on the basis of the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus and the Common Economic Space as an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality.

Within the framework of the Union, freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in key sectors of the economy.

The idea of creating the EAEU was laid down in the Declaration on Eurasian Economic Integration adopted by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan on November 18, 2011. It set out the goals of Eurasian economic integration for the future, including proclaiming the task of creating the Eurasian Economic Union by January 1, 2015.

The creation of the EAEU means a transition to the next stage of integration after the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space.

The main goals of the Union are:

— creating conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their population;

— the desire to form a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources within the Union;

— comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The highest body of the EAEU is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. The SEEC considers fundamental issues of the Union's activities, determines the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration and makes decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the Union. Meetings of the Supreme Council are held at least once a year. To resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities, extraordinary meetings of the Supreme Council may be convened at the initiative of any of the member states or the chairman of the Supreme Council.

The implementation and control over the execution of the EAEU Treaty, international treaties within the Union and decisions of the Supreme Council is ensured by the Intergovernmental Council (IGC), consisting of the heads of government of the member states. Meetings of the Intergovernmental Council are held as necessary, but at least twice a year.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union with headquarters in Moscow. The main tasks of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union.

The Court of the Union is the judicial body of the Union, ensuring the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The activities of the Union's bodies are financed from the Union's budget, which is formed in Russian rubles through shared contributions of the Member States.

Presidency of the SEEC, EMU and the EEC Council (level of vice-premiers) in Russian alphabetical order by one member state for one calendar year without the right of extension.

In 2017, Kyrgyzstan presides over these bodies.

The Union is open to entry by any state that shares its goals and principles, under conditions agreed upon by the member states. There is also a procedure for leaving the Union.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

IN modern world many countries unite into unions - political, economic, religious and others. One of the largest such unions was the Soviet Union. Now we see the emergence of the European, Eurasian, and also Customs unions.

The Customs Union was positioned as a form of trade and economic integration of a number of countries, which provides not only a common customs territory for mutually beneficial trade with the absence of duties, etc., but also a number of points regulating trade with third countries. This agreement was signed on October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe; at the time of its conclusion, the union included the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

The first article of the contract on the movement of goods within this territory states the following:

There is no customs duty. And not only for goods of own production, but also for cargo from third countries.
There are no economic restrictions other than compensatory and anti-dumping ones.
The countries of the Customs Union apply a single customs tariff.

Current countries and candidates

There are both permanent member countries of the Customs Union that were its founders or joined later, and those that have only expressed a desire to join.

Participants:

Armenia;
Kazakhstan;
Kyrgyzstan;
Russia;
Belarus.

Candidates for membership:

Tunisia;
Syria;
Tajikistan.

TS managers

There was a special CU commission, which was approved at the time of signing the agreement on the Customs Union. Its rules were the basis legal activities organizations. The structure worked and remained within these legal frameworks until July 1, 2012, that is, until the creation of the EEC. The highest body of the union at that time was a group of representatives of the heads of state (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian Federation), Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev (Republic of Kazakhstan) and (Republic of Belarus)).

The following prime ministers were represented at the level of heads of government:

Russia - Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev;
Kazakhstan - Karim Kazhimkanovich Masimov;
Belarus - Sergei Sergeevich Sidorsky.

Purpose of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union, with the main goal of creating a single regulatory body, meant the formation common territory, which will include several states, and all duties on products will be abolished on their territory.

The second goal was to protect one’s own interests and markets, primarily from harmful, poor-quality, and also competitive products, which makes it possible to smooth out all the shortcomings in trade economic sphere. This is very important, since protecting the interests of one’s own states, taking into account the opinions of the members of the union, is a priority for any country.

Benefits and prospects

First of all, the benefits are obvious for those enterprises that can easily purchase from neighboring countries. Most likely, these will only be large corporations and companies. As for future prospects, contrary to some economists’ forecasts that the Customs Union will entail a decrease in wages in participating countries, at the official level the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan announced an increase in wages in the state in 2015.

That is why the world experience of such large economic entities cannot be attributed to this case. Countries that have joined the Customs Union can expect, if not rapid, but stable growth in economic ties.

Agreement

The final version of the Agreement on the Customs Code of the Customs Union was adopted only at the tenth meeting, 10.26.2009. This pact spoke of the creation of special groups that would monitor activities to bring the revised draft treaty into effect.

The countries of the Customs Union had until July 1, 2010 to make changes to their legislation to eliminate contradictions between this Code and the Constitution. Thus, another contact group was created to resolve problems arising from differences between national legal systems.

All the nuances related to the territories of the Customs Union were also finalized.

Territory of the Customs Union

The countries of the Customs Union have a common customs territory, which is determined by the borders of the states that have entered into an agreement and are members of the organization. The Customs Code, among other things, determines the expiration date of the commission, which was July 1, 2012. Thus, a more serious organization was created, which has much more powers and, accordingly, more people in your state in order to fully control all processes. On January 1, 2012, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEC) officially began its work.

EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union includes member countries of the Customs Union: the founders - Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan - and the recently joined states, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia.

The establishment of the EAEU implies more wide range relationships in the freedom of movement of labor, capital, services and goods. Also, a coordinated economic policy of all countries must be constantly pursued, a transition must be made to a single

The total budget of this union is formed exclusively in Russian rubles, thanks to the share contributions made by all member countries of the Customs Union. Their size is regulated by the Supreme Council, which consists of the heads of these states.

Russian has become the working language for the regulations of all documents, and the headquarters will be located in Moscow. The financial regulator of the EAEU is in Almaty, and the court is in the capital of Belarus, Minsk.

Bodies of the Union

The highest regulatory body is the Supreme Council, which includes the heads of participating states.

A judicial body was also created, which is responsible for the application of treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a regulatory body that provides all the conditions for the development and functioning of the Union, as well as the development of new proposals in the economic sphere regarding the format of the EAEU. It consists of the Ministers of the Commission (Deputy Prime Ministers of the Union member states) and the Chairman.

Main provisions of the Treaty on the EAEU

Of course, the EAEU, compared to the CU, has not only broader powers, but also a much more extensive and specific list of planned work. This document no longer has any general plans, and for each specific task the path for its implementation is determined and a special working group is created that will not only monitor the implementation, but also control its entire progress.

In the received agreement the countries of the single Customs Union, and now the EAEU, secured an agreement on coordinated work and the creation of common energy markets. The work on energy policy is quite large-scale and will be implemented in several stages until 2025.

The document also regulates the creation of a common market for medical devices and medicines by January 1, 2016.

Great importance is given to transport policy on the territory of the EAEU states, without which it will not be possible to create any joint plan actions. The development of a coordinated agro-industrial policy is envisaged, which includes the mandatory formation of veterinary and phytosanitary measures.

Coordinated provides the opportunity to translate all planned plans and agreements into reality. In such conditions, they are developed general principles interaction and ensure effective development of countries.

A special place is occupied by labor, which regulates not only the free movement of labor, but also the same working conditions. Citizens who go to work in the EAEU countries will no longer need to fill out migration cards(if the period of their stay does not exceed 30 days). The same simplified system will apply to medical care. The issue of exporting pensions and offset length of service, which has been accumulated in a member country of the Union.

Expert opinions

The list of countries of the Customs Union may soon be replenished with several more states, but, according to experts, in order for full growth and influence on Western similar unions of the type to be noticeable, it is necessary big job and expansion of the organization. In any case, the ruble will not be able to become an alternative to the euro or dollar yet for a long time, and the impact of recent sanctions has clearly shown how western politics to please their own interests, and that neither Russia itself nor the entire Union can actually do anything about it. As for Kazakhstan and Belarus specifically, the conflict in Ukraine showed that they will not give up their benefits to please Russia. The tenge, by the way, also fell sharply due to the fall of the ruble. And on many issues, Russia remains the main competitor of Kazakhstan and Belarus. However, at the moment the creation of the Union is adequate and the only the right decision, capable of helping to somehow strengthen relations between states in the event of further Western pressure on Russia.

It is now known which countries in the Customs Union are more interested in its creation. Despite the fact that even at the stage of its inception it was constantly plagued by all sorts of problems, the joint coordinated actions of all members of the Union make it possible to solve them as quickly as possible, which makes it possible to look into the future with optimism and hope for the rapid development of the economies of all states participating in this treaty.

Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter - EAEU)- an international organization for regional economic integration with international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, consistent and unified policy in sectors of the economy.

The goals of creating the EAEU are:

comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies;
creating conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their population.

Within the EAEU:

In relation to third EAEU countries, uniform non-tariff regulation measures are applied, such as:

prohibition of import and (or) export of goods;
quantitative restrictions on the import and (or) export of goods;
exclusive right to export and (or) import goods;
automatic licensing (supervision) of export and (or) import of goods;
permitting procedure for the import and (or) export of goods.

Member states of the Eurasian Economic Union

History of the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union

The official start date for the formation of the Customs Union can be considered 1995, when an Agreement on the creation of the Union was concluded between the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Belarus. The purpose of this Agreement was to establish economic interaction between the parties, ensure free exchange of goods and fair competition.

On February 26, 1999, the Agreement on the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space was signed. The parties to the Treaty were Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and since 2006 - Uzbekistan. Until the early 2000s, the participating countries were actively engaged in the process of establishing cooperation in various fields of activity (including sociocultural, scientific).

In 2000, a decision was made to establish the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC). The members of the community were the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan.

In 2003, the Agreement on the formation of the Common Economic Space (SES) was signed. Work began on preparing the legal framework for the SES, which later became the basis for the functioning of the Union. Most important events In the process of forming the Customs Union, two informal summits of the heads of state of the EurAsEC took place.

At an informal summit on August 16, 2006, the heads of state of the EurAsEC decided to form a Customs Union within the EurAsEC, according to which Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia were instructed to prepare a legal framework. A year later, on October 6, 2007, at the EurAsEC summit, a package of documents was approved and signed, marking the beginning of the creation of the legal framework of the Customs Union (agreements on the creation of the Single Customs Territory and the formation of the Customs Union, on the Commission of the Customs Union, protocols on amendments to the Treaty on the Establishment EurAsEC, on the procedure for the entry into force of international treaties aimed at forming the legal framework of the customs union, withdrawal from them and accession to them). In addition, an Action Plan for the formation of a customs union within the EurAsEC was approved.

Officially, on January 1, 2010, the Customs Union of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation began to function. The united states began to apply a single customs tariff and uniform non-tariff regulation measures in foreign trade with third countries, and also streamlined tariff benefits and preferences for goods from third countries, and the Customs Code of the Customs Union came into force. Gradually, customs clearance and customs control began to be abolished at the internal borders of the participating countries of the Customs Union, and points for accepting notifications were eliminated.

In 2012, international treaties came into force, forming the legal basis for the Common Economic Space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, creating the basis for the free movement of not only goods, but also services, capital and labor.

With the signing of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union on May 29, 2014, the participating countries of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space marked the beginning of a new, closer interaction. On October 10, 2014, the Republic of Armenia joined the Treaty on the EAEU. On December 23, 2014, the Treaty on the Accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the EAEU was signed.

Structure of the unified customs legislation of the Eurasian Economic Union

In connection with the formation of the regulatory legal framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, the customs legislation of the participating states is changing. First of all, in addition to the current national legislation, two more levels of regulation have appeared: international agreements member states of the Customs Union and the Decision of the Customs Union Commission (currently the Eurasian Economic Commission). At the moment, the customs legislation of the EAEU is a four-level system:

Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union

Go to more high level integration required major changes in the legal framework of the Union. Work on the creation of a new Customs Code took several years; the process required numerous approvals of amendments by the Union member states. On December 26, 2016, the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union was adopted, which replaced the Customs Code of the Customs Union adopted in 2009. The new EAEU Labor Code came into force on January 1, 2018. The document combines many international treaties and agreements of the Customs Union (for example, the Agreement on determining the customs value of goods moved across the customs border of the Customs Union), which will lose force in whole or in part.

The EAEU Customs Code contains a number of new provisions relating not only to the structure of the Code itself (the new EAEU Customs Code contains 4 appendices, which were not in the CU Customs Code), but also to the rules of customs regulation in the Union. Thus, in the draft EAEU Customs Code, the conceptual apparatus was updated, the “single window” principle was introduced, the priority of electronic declaration was declared, some changes were made to customs procedures, the institution of an authorized economic operator was reformed, etc.