The importance of forests in nature and human life. Lesson on the world around us "Russia is a land of forests"

Forest is an ecological a complex system, with many links. Trees, shrubs, lichens, grasses, mosses, fungi, animals and various microorganisms are all components of forests. Each plant or Living being is an integral part of the forest zone and is included in the food chain. Plants produce oxygen and sugar. Herbivores feed on plants and distribute their seeds. And predators feed on these herbivores.

Thus, the forest is the basis for the life of the animal world within. Rivers, streams and various lakes are also an important component of the forest.

(Bamboo forest)

Forests are growing in different conditions, both cold and hot. Forests include not only coniferous, deciduous, mixed and evergreen. Jungles, taiga, jungles and other green spaces are also forests. Natural and artificial forests are distinguished. The creator of the first is nature, and the second is man. Today forests occupy 1/3 of the land, although in the distant past forest lands were much more numerous.

The meaning of forests in nature

In nature, forests are of great importance. Many species of plants grow in them, live a large number of animals and microorganisms. In addition, forests perform a number of natural tasks. One of them is the production and purification of oxygen. The amount of oxygen produced by one tree is enough for three people.

Another significant function of forests in nature is to reduce dust levels. Every year, 1 hectare of forest stops up to 100 tons of dust. Forests regulate and improve the water balance of water bodies located within or nearby the forest. This happens due to the fact that forest floor accumulates moisture formed in the spring. It is she who helps maintain the full flow of rivers and reservoirs.

The forests serve as sound insulation; they can reduce the noise level from the road by 11 decibels. Forested areas prevent strong winds, increase humidity and air quality, and can also moderate the climate. They serve air filter, purifying the air from harmful chemical substances. An important function of forests is to protect the soil from mudflows, landslides and various geological processes.

The importance of forests in human life

The forest has always played a huge role in human life. Today, the importance of forests is only increasing due to the fact that their number is noticeably decreasing. The role of forests in human life can be divided into three components - environmental, economic and social.

The environmental role lies in the quality environment and conservation of nature. Any living creature needs vital conditions for life. It is trees that contribute to the fact that modern people breathe clean air and have the opportunity to exercise agriculture and benefit from it.

For modern man, the forest plays a big role economic role. Wood grows in forests, from which building materials, paper, furniture, wood fuel, food, material and medicinal products are made.

The main material resource is wood. But berries, mushrooms and medicinal plants that grow only in forests are also in demand by humans. Despite the fact that people are looking for a replacement for forest resources, wood will always be in demand. Fossil fuels that replace wood are running out and are much more expensive than wood. Replacing paper bags with plastic ones has caused great harm to the earth's cover due to the fact that plastic is not recycled. The forestry industry often becomes a city-forming activity and requires a large number of workers and equipment. Therefore, the role of forests will always be very important both for the environment and the modern world.

The social role of the forest lies in the fact that it is a historical link. Forest is an element of the development of peoples, their cultures and attitudes towards nature. Since ancient times, the forest has been a source of resources necessary for survival - here you can find food, water, and shelter. Folk songs, fairy tales and stories always play an important role in forests. Today, forests serve as a place for people to relax, relax and breathe fresh air.

Do you know how many gifts the forest gives us? The significant benefits of forests affect our health, industry, rivers, and fields. Unfortunately, people do not fully appreciate such generous gifts.

Industry

Thanks to the forest, factories receive basic industrial products consisting of wood. These are wood resins, wood flour, from which linoleum, wood-laminated plastic, cellulose, turpentine, alcohol, particle boards, fibreboards, etc. are made. The list can be continued for a long time.

Wood is used on the farm, it acts as timber and lumber, such as timber, plywood, boards. What does forest give us in the industrial sphere? Railways, construction buildings, bridges, power line supports and much more.

Many items necessary for humanity are made from processed products and from wood itself: chairs, school boards, teachers' chairs, desks, ceilings, floors, window frames, school roofs, walls. Smaller items: materials for sneakers, briefcases, toys, fabrics for outerwear, skis, clubs, sleds, soccer balls. This list is also far from complete.

What benefits does forest bring to the national economy?

The national economy cannot do without forest materials from which they are made: handles for shovels, boats, sleds, matches, carts, plywood, furniture, varnishes, fishing floats, wheel rims, etc. Each of us can continue this list ourselves. Think for a minute, what would happen if there was no wood? What would we end up with?

Spruce wood

White with a yellowish tint, having a silky tint, pliable and sonorous, spruce wood has been valued by mankind for a long time. It was used to build royal chambers, temples, huts, bridges and barns. Spruce wood gave us the opportunity to develop creatively, thanks to the following instruments: guitar, violin, balalaika and other musical sources.

Just one cubic meter of such wood produces 600 half-silk suits, 400 pairs of magnificent silk stockings and 250 kg of cellulose.

Pine resin

For farming, resin (pine resin) is extracted from the forests. To do this, use specially prepared notches to cut the tree bark and collect the resin in a vessel. Rosin is obtained from pine sap - a substance that produces garden putty, driers, high-quality soap, synthetic rubber, plastics, varnishes, and artificial leather.

Benefits of the forest

Are you still asking what the forest gives to people? The forest feeds man! Berries, mushrooms, animal and poultry meat are all the merit of the forests. The forest clothes the man! Forest animals are rich in warm natural fur, in which people are dressed in cold winter time. The forest teaches a person, it gives him all the necessary school subjects. The forest heals with its beneficial medicinal herbs. The forest saturates our lungs with carbon dioxide and oxygen.

We can talk about the benefits of forests for a very long time. But the conclusion will always be the same - they need to be protected and not forgotten about how important this is for each of us.

Attention, TODAY only!

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Sabirova Alina, Happy Vlad, Okishor Anna, Popov Nikita, Bogdanova Oksana

The goal of the project is to trace the image of the forest and find out its significance in human destiny.

The guys put forward a hypothesis: perhaps the forest is not only a source of raw materials and clean air, but the forest is alive soul.

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Preview:

Performed by: Popov Nikita, Okishor Anna,

Bogdanova Oksana, Happy Vlad,

Sabirova Alina

Head: Sabirova R.G.,

primary school teacher

G. Serov, 2014

1. Introduction.

2. What does the forest give to a person?

3.How are people and forests connected?

4.How to behave in the forest?

5. Conclusion.

6. Application.

Introduction.

You can see so many miracles in the forest,
The forest inspires us in life,
The trees sometimes laugh, sometimes they cry,
Sometimes they voice with their branches, sometimes they gossip.

Their life is filled with beauty
Sometimes kind, and sometimes powerful,
And like a person, the forest has a destiny,
It can be fatal, it can be joyful.

Our work is dedicated to the forest.

It was not by chance that we turned to this topic.

The forest is a green friend, a spacious house,

Everyone is comfortable in that house.

The dense forest is covered in mystery,
He keeps many secrets.

All the guys really wanted it

Get closer to forest resources.

The goal of our project is to trace the image of the forest and find out its significance in human destiny.

To achieve the goal, we have set ourselves the following tasks:

1. Study the literature on this topic.

2. Determine the role of the forest in human destiny.

3. Carry out measures to protect the forest.

We have chosen the following working methods:

Questionnaire, interview
Working with literature
Propaganda work
Analysis and synthesis

We structured our work as answers to the questions:

1What is a forest for?
2. What damage has man done to forests?
3. How are forests and people connected?
4. How to behave in the forest?

We put forward a hypothesis: perhaps the forest is not only a source of raw materials and clean air, but the forest is a living soul.

What does the forest give to a person?

Before starting to work with the literature, we decided to conduct a survey among students and received the following results:

Do you love the forest? - 19 people. - yes 1 person - no

What pleases you most about the forest?

Beauty - 11 people

silence - 5 people

peace of mind - 4 people

As we can see from the survey, the vast majority of children are connected with the forest, so we consider the topic to be relevant.

Forests are often called the green ocean, and rightly so. Forests are part of nature; man cannot do without them, just like without water or air. They are spread across vast expanses of the country. This is our national wealth and we must manage it wisely. The forest is a friend and protector of man. He feeds, clothes, heals people. Scientists have calculated that one hectare of forest purifies 18 million cubic meters of air over the course of a year and absorbs in one hour as much carbon dioxide as 200 people exhale during that time.

It is difficult to list everything that the forest gives to people. Until now, another 2/3 of humanity cooks with wood fuel. From the green treasury, our country annually receives 400 million m3 of wood, which serves as a source for 200 thousand species various materials, substances and compounds: construction parts, paper, cardboard, furniture, plastics, artificial silk and fur, protein concentrates, glucose and much, much more.

In addition, the forests are rich in food and medicinal herbs, berries and mushrooms. Hunting is developing in the forests, and fish farming is developing in forest reservoirs. The forest protects rivers from shallowing, fields from drought. The forest is cool on a hot day, a break from city noise, and a refuge from the freezing wind and blizzard. The forest air has healing properties. Hygienists have calculated that the noise of trees, the sound of falling water and almost all noises occurring in nature have a frequency within the range1000 vibrations per second.These noises create a useful, much needed acoustic background..

The leaf surface traps dust and industrial emissions and purifies the air. On one hectare spruce forest Up to 32 tons of dust settles on the needles. People cannot live without forests and rivers. As soon as you cut down trees along the banks of rivers, they immediately become shallow, the soil is washed away and ravines are formed.

It is difficult to list everything that the forest gives to people:

What are we planting when we plant forests?
Masts and yards - hold the sails,
The deckhouse and the deck, the ribs and the keel -
Wander the sea in storm and calm.
What are we planting when we plant forests?
Radio masts - catching voices,
The table at which you will write,
Pen, ruler, pencil case and notebook.
What are we planting when we plant forests?
Light wings - fly to the skies,
House and swing, shuttle and bench,
And your wooden horse.
What are we planting when we plant forests?
The thicket where the badger and the fox roam,
The thicket where the squirrel hides her baby squirrels,
A thicket where crows cry in the morning.
What are we planting when we plant forests?
The leaf on which the dew falls
Air for the lungs, and moisture and shade,
This is what we are planting today!

As we can see, forests are very important for humans. Without it, a full human life on our territory is impossible.

What damage does man do to forests?

A person receives a lot from the forest, but he himself often becomes, intentionally or unintentionally, the source of many troubles: the destruction of forests by improper management, destruction by fires, and poaching. Where there are relatively few people and economic impact on forests is insignificant, forests more or less successfully cope with the consequences of human impact. But in populated areas, where forests are frequently visited by people and used for a variety of economic activity, people have to make some efforts to ensure that the forest does not die, does not lose its attractiveness for recreation, its ability to save water, air and the human environment in general.
According to research by one information and review magazine, over the past 50 years, humans have destroyed 70% of the world's forests. About 30% of the forests still remaining on Earth are fragmented and dying out; deforestation is proceeding at a very high speed.

The use of forests for recreation and tourism, to one degree or another, also harms our green friend. The presence of even one person in him does not pass without a trace, especially if he believes that everything is permitted to him. But families or large groups usually go to the forest. Here we cannot do without fires, which leave behind lifeless areas of land for several years.

This means that we ourselves are destroying our “beloved nature” – mushroom pickers, hunters, tourists, participants in cheerful picnics. Therefore, when sitting down with a nice company by the fire, we must remember that our joy can easily turn into disaster, an irreparable loss for nature and society.

Changes in forest cover that are imperceptible at first glance are caused even by walking through the forest, as a result of which grass and young trees that have slightly risen above the ground are trampled. The people noticed: one person leaves a trail in the forest; a hundred - a path; a thousand - desert.

Even mature trees suffer from the same reason. To a large extent, trees also weaken from damage to the bark by knives and axes. No wonder the proverb says: “Whoever removes the bark from a tree kills it.”

Drying birch...

Zaruba - almost to the core

Birch tears

They run both bright and innocent.

From a deep wound

Cool moisture flows down...

Ah, the juice treat!

To whom

You turned around

A blessing?..

People should always remember that a tree is their friend. The Nature Conservation Society, nature lovers and everyone in general should not only protect green spaces, but also contribute to their increase

The time has come to understand

That the loss of forests must be replenished.

Future generations will suffer -

Grow quickly new forest will not work!

Forests of Russia are not a free store
We need to take care of them, and protect them, and cherish them.
And the man, alas, is not a master at all,

And the first one who will suffer from the pain caused to the forest.

It's time to understand how important it is to protect the forests of our Earth
From the crafts of people, from the terrible drought...

Can't be destroyed in vain

Respiratory organs of the Earth,
Otherwise, you will be happy to breathe clean air

We won't be able to experience it anytime soon!

Everyone must understand that not only the forester

The forest must be protected from sparks and smoke,

For many people the forest is talking, living -

We need to take care of it together!

The forest gives strength, without a doubt,
Let the environment improve
And the forest will give those people inspiration,

Who will remember the law: “Protect the forest!”

How are forests and people connected?

Russian forest! No landscape is as rich in colors as the Russian forest. And how much poetry is contained in it! The forest is beautiful at any time of the year. There are many songs, proverbs, sayings, riddles, and jokes about the forest.
Our forests excite every person who loves his homeland, beneficial influence on his soul. The beauty of the forest is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets, writers, composers, and artists. Many poems, paintings, and musical works were born out of love for nature and the forest.

There is nothing nicer to wander and think here,

It will heal, warm, and feed the Russian forest...

Life seems different and my heart doesn’t hurt,

when overhead, like an eternity, the forest is noisy.

Forest... This special world, which attracts us with its mystery, beauty, cheerful noise. The forest, like a magician, takes possession of a person’s emotional world, gives rise to a feeling of admiration in him, peace of mind, bright poetic moods, flashes of manifestation of versatile talents.

It is thanks to the love of the forest that we can read interesting works by such writers as K. Paustovsky, M. Prishvin, V. Bianchi, I. Sokolov - Mikitov. The artist I. Shishkin can be called the singer of the forest.

Any ordinary person, having been in the forest and interacted with the trees, is filled with special energy.

Love for the homeland has always been a national trait of Russian poets; they were able to find deep meaning in the inconspicuous, outwardly shy Russian nature.

A wonderful person lives in our village - Sergei Semenovich Merzlyakov, he is the grandfather of our classmate. Sergey Semenovich with early childhood loved to walk through the forest, he was captivated by the beauty of the Ural forests. Communication with nature gave him inspiration. He poured out all his feelings and impressions in his poems.

The winds shake the willow branches,

Shaking off the long winter sleep,

Having difficulty combing your mane

Bare crowns woven into braids.

In the warmth of spring breath,

Spreading out the emerald plush,

The pine tree is full of charm,

Taking my first shower in April.

We had a meeting with a wonderful poet and received answers to the following questions:

At what age have you been writing poetry?

From the age of 15.

What is your creativity most devoted to?

Of course. Nature, our rich Ural forests.

What does the forest mean in your life?

The forest is my whole life! I really love going to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries, I love fishing on forest lakes, I love just admiring the beauty and breathing clean, healthy air.

Are there any poems that were written after communicating with nature, with the forest?

Almost all poems are born after communication with nature, inspiration appears.

The forest can be called a sage, since he is always ready to listen carefully and with his calmness helps to make the right decision.

The forest is a doctor who heals the soul. But only a kind person who has an open soul himself.

We enter the forest as if into a wonderful fairy tale tower,
Into a world of coolness, silence and magic.
We enter, holding our breath, into the riot bright colors,
In the triumph of good over dark evil,
To behold forest fairy tale,
To become kinder and better later.

The forest helps you find peace and feel at home:

I am human! I'm not given

Become a forest dweller

But, having opened only a window into nature,

I am becoming different.

Nourishes the forest with its energy

And gives me strength.

And every time I rush faster

To the call of birds, animals.

I can't comprehend with my mind

But I feel in my soul

That the forest is my second home:

I find peace here!

It is no coincidence that psychologists advise people who experience mental anxiety, wander around pine forest, communicate with nature. hear her voice.

How to behave in the forest

A person, being in the forest, cannot help but influence forest ecosystem, especially if he is in the forest for a long time, picking mushrooms or berries, making a fire, putting up a tent. But a person's influence can be different. Those who treat the forest with care leave barely noticeable traces, which can completely disappear in a week. Careless vacationers who do not care about nature and other people leave mountains of garbage and damaged trees in the forests, and often their vacation ends in a forest fire. Careless and thoughtless vacationers cause no less damage to the forest than attackers - poachers, “black loggers”, arsonists. To ensure that our stay in the forest does not lead to trouble and does not leave unpleasant traces, we must follow a few simple rules.

Fire safety.The biggest disaster that can be caused by a person in the forest is a forest or peat fire. A forest fire can start from the slightest source- an abandoned unextinguished match, a cigarette butt, a spark from a motorcycle or car muffler, a smoldering gun wad, and, of course, from an unextinguished fire or dry grass set on fire in the forest or nearby. Dry moss or lichen, forest litter, or peat can smolder for hours before the smoldering turns into an open flame. Therefore, often a person does not even know that he has become the culprit forest fire- but the forest, nevertheless, burns down (and sometimes not only the forest burns down, but also the houses located next to it, and even entire villages).
In order to avoid becoming an unwitting culprit of a forest fire, you must follow a few simple rules.
Firstly, never set fire to dry grass anywhere. The vast majority of spring forest and peat fires arise precisely as a result of arson of dry grass (in addition, arson of dry grass burns down several hundred houses in our country every year; grass smoke causes enormous damage to people suffering from diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory organs). Not every person is able to cope with a grass fire, especially on a windy day - as a result, dry grass burns sometimes spread for many kilometers, causing fires in forests and shelterbelts, destroying young tree growth.

Secondly, do not make fires unnecessarily, and if you do make them, do so only where there is no danger that the fire will start to smolder peat, forest litter or rags accumulated between the stones. In forests with thick moss or lichen cover, or with thick forest litter, it is necessary to clear the fireplace and the adjacent strip of flammable residues. The fire should not be left unattended, and before leaving it must be carefully extinguished - so that there is not the slightest trace of smoke from it, and so that the heat cannot be felt with your hands.

Thirdly, do not allow sparks, unextinguished matches, cigarette butts, firecrackers, firecrackers and similar objects that could become a source of smoldering and fire to fall on the ground. In summer, in a dry forest, and especially on a peat bog, you need to behave as if you were in a powder warehouse - this will be the only correct and safe behavior for the forest.

Fourthly, if you find a fire in the forest (an abandoned fire, smoldering moss or litter, burning grass), try to extinguish the fire on our own, and if this does not work out, report it to the authorities as quickly as possible fire department or the nearest forestry by calling 8-800-100-94-00 (this is the all-Russian forest guard telephone number), 01, 112, or any other emergency phone number known to you.

Maintaining cleanliness.One of the most noticeable traces of human presence in the forest is garbage. Forests near cities, towns and main roads throughout the country very quickly turn into continuous dumps of a wide variety of waste, mainly left by citizens resting in the forests. Although, according to the current forest legislation, forests must be protected from pollution, no one can cope with millions of citizens littering in the forests. And the more littered the forest is, the more willing its subsequent visitors are to leave their trash in it.

Only through the common efforts of all people can forests be saved from garbage. A cultured person who respects himself and others should under no circumstances leave any waste from his life in the forest - all garbage should be taken with him and thrown away where it is collected and disposed of. Only for quickly degradable organic waste an exception can be made, but they should also be hidden, since any garbage in the forest may lead the next visitor to the idea that littering is common here.

IN exceptional cases, if for some reason it is impossible to take all the garbage with you, safe and degradable waste can be buried, having previously taken measures to ensure that it decomposes as quickly as possible. Non-flammable waste that cannot be taken with you should be burned, and cans should be burned. Glass and plastic must be taken with you - they practically do not decompose in natural environment, and burning plastic is dangerous in itself.

If possible, it is worth removing the trash left by other people - after all, we have only one Earth, and someone always has to correct the consequences of the bad manners of others.

Maintaining silence.The noise made by people can cause a lot of trouble to the forest and its inhabitants. Many animals and birds, especially during the breeding season (spring and summer), are very sensitive to extraneous loud sounds. Loud screams, music, firecrackers, the noise of motorcycles and mopeds and other similar sounds can frighten animals and birds, force them to abandon their nests, offspring, and move to other areas. Noise is one of the main reasons why animal world Forests around cities, businesses, roads and other places where there are a lot of people and technology are much poorer than the fauna of wild forests.

Loud sounds made by some people often greatly disturb other people from resting and enjoying the silence of the forest. For most of those who like to relax in the forest, pick mushrooms and berries, silence is one of the main advantages of such a vacation. It can be very unpleasant for these people to listen to loud music and the screams of other vacationers, from which, especially in the suburbs and other densely populated areas, there is often simply nowhere to hide.

Finally, someone who constantly makes loud noises in the forest has virtually no chance of encountering interesting wild animals. Animals are not very afraid of a person who simply walks quietly through the forest, but most animals and birds are afraid of a person who walks through the forest with the radio on, rides a motorcycle, screams loudly for no reason.

Therefore, the most correct thing is to always try to behave as quietly as possible in the forest - not only for the sake of the forest itself, but also out of respect for other people relaxing in this forest.

Compliance with laws and regulations.According to Russian forestry legislation, citizens have the right to be in the forest freely and free of charge, to collect mushrooms, berries, nuts, and medicinal plants for their own needs. But there are also things that cannot be done in the forest without special permission, or even cannot be done at all.

Without a special permit (purchase and sale agreement), citizens do not have the right to harvest wood from the forest. According to current legislation, one or another responsibility is provided for the harvesting of any wood, including dead and fallen trees. Illegal logging carries very serious penalties - damages (which depend on many conditions and can be very large even for one tree), heavy fines, and even imprisonment for up to six years.

Without special permission (usually a purchase and sale agreement), you cannot harvest Christmas trees and other coniferous trees For New Year's holidays, even if cutting down a particular tree will not cause damage to the forest - for example, under a power line or on the side of a road.

Rare and endangered plants listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation or regional Red Books must not be damaged or destroyed. These species include many beautifully flowering plants that people love to collect in bouquets (which is why such plant species are becoming rare or even disappearing). Therefore, collecting bouquets of beautiful forest flowers may well turn into a violation, and even a crime. It is best not to pick beautiful flowers in the forest - this will not only help preserve rare species plants, but will also allow other people to look at them.

You must not damage or destroy various forestry signs (posts, posters, etc.), forest tree plantings, and various forestry equipment left in the forest during non-working hours.

You cannot set fire to the forest or leave an open fire in the forest, you cannot litter the forest - these are not only good manners, but also a requirement of the current forest legislation. Liability for setting fire to a forest, including accidental one, and for organizing an illegal dump in a forest can be very severe.

We organized a meeting with a representative of our Serovsky forestry, chief specialist in reforestation Svetlana Vladimirovna Novoselova and found out interesting information:

The area of Serovsky forestry is 428,012 hectares

Every year, for artificial reforestation, pine and spruce seedlings are planted on an area of 200 hectares (of which 110 hectares are in burnt areas). For this purpose, 600 thousand seedlings are used.

Over the past 3 years, all fires have occurred due to human fault:

2011 - 47 fires, area -472 hectares

2012 - 2 fires, area - 22.5 hectares

2013 - 3 fires, area - 12.7 hectares

The forest is our wealth, so it needs to be preserved. It is impossible to list all the disasters that come from the destruction of forests, so people must reconsider their attitude towards the forest.

Conclusion

So, while working on the project, we decided that our hypothesis was confirmed:

The forest gives us not only material benefits, but the forest’s living soul, which rejoices with us and cries in pain, the forest is our friend, the source of everything beautiful, the healer of our souls.

Our forests excite every person who loves his homeland and have a beneficial effect on his soul. The beauty of the forest is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets, writers, composers, and artists.

There is nothing nicer to wander and think here,

It will heal, warm, and feed the Russian forest...

Life seems different and my heart doesn’t hurt,

When the forest is noisy overhead, like an eternity.

Bibliography

1.In a birch grove. Stories./ V. Gakina-M.: Children's literature, 1976

2. Great paintings by Russian artists./A. Astakhov - M.: White City, 2009

3.Yu. Dmitriev, N. Pozharitskaya. Book of Nature.-M.: Children's literature, 1990

4. Hello, sun! - M.: Children's literature, 1976

5. S. Merzlyakov. I love you, birch Rus'

6. I. Sokolov-Mikitov. Russian Forest - M.: Children's Literature, 1984

The role of forests in human life is difficult to overestimate; trees have long been used as a building material, they were used to make boards, which were later used to build comfortable houses, furniture, dishes, and decorations. The forest is the lungs of the planet; it is the green leaves of plants that saturate the atmosphere with oxygen. Finally, they found their refuge in the forest thickets different kinds animals. We invite you to find out in more detail what the forest gives people.

Oxygen

Without forests, life itself on planet Earth would be impossible. Trees, shrubs and grasses, thanks to their green leaves, are capable of photosynthesis - absorption from the atmosphere carbon dioxide and release of oxygen. Therefore, in natural history lessons, when considering in 3rd grade what the forest gives us, it is necessary to convey to children the idea that plants are very important, without them people would be unable to breathe. Among living organisms, only green representatives of the flora are capable of synthesizing oxygen and enriching the atmosphere with it.

In economics

Our distant ancestors lived in forests, using their gifts as food. Modern man also continues to use natural resources. What does the forest give us? A lot of things:

materials for construction;
paper;
wood fuel;
furniture.

Of course, in order to save money, people have learned to create artificial materials, but still natural wood is very highly valued.

Medicines

When working on the project “What does the forest give to people”, one more aspect should be revealed - medicinal plants. Centuries ago, folk healers used coltsfoot, cornflower, chamomile, calamus and other representatives of the flora to treat numerous ailments. Now medicinal properties These and many other plants have been scientifically proven, therefore their extracts and oils are widely used not only in pharmacology, but also in cosmetology.

Thus, blueberries are an excellent remedy for preventing heart and vascular diseases.

Food

A large number of mushrooms grow in the forests, which are very tasty; they can be fried, pickled, or pickled. The rich one is especially loved mushroom soup. Without forests, people would never have known this unusual taste!

Forest thickets contain trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants:

blueberry;
Rowan;
raspberries;
blueberry;
strawberries

Their berries are distinguished by a whole range of useful properties and are loved by children and adults.

Finally, wild animals, which found their home among the trees - a source of food for people since time immemorial, our ancestors used their meat for food, made clothes and shoes from their skins, and tools and weapons from bones, fangs and tusks. It is the ability to create them that is the key difference between humans and animals. Therefore, when studying in grade 3 what the forest gives people, it is necessary to voice to children the idea that without the forest and its inhabitants, human existence itself would become impossible. But that's not all, forest resources truly huge.

Useful properties of berries

Considering what the forest gives us, it should be noted that most of it has big amount useful properties. Thus, lingonberries, which prefer to grow in pine forests, contain a lot of sugar, so they are actively used for making jam. In addition, the leaves of the plant are used for medicinal purposes; they have a disinfectant effect.

Blueberries are a wonderful gift of the forest. Her delicious berries help improve vision, are used in the fight against scurvy, are in a great way prevention cancer diseases. The plant itself prefers rain forests.

Wild raspberry is a natural antipyretic.

Also, berries grown in forests have a large number advantages:

Thanks to their growth far from civilization, they are environmentally friendly and completely safe for health.
Due to the content of a large number of antioxidants, these gifts of the forest are a wonderful means of preventing aging.
They are rich in vitamins, but do not accumulate harmful substances and heavy metals.

All this allows us to answer the question of what the forest gives us: healthy products, big number vitamins

Role in the life of aboriginal peoples

There are some peoples who still survive only at the expense of forests: they hunt, collect berries and mushrooms, and often these types of activities are the main methods of obtaining food.

Such dependence on nature is inherent primarily in indigenous peoples who live far from civilization and do not have the opportunity to exist in any other way. Sometimes such peoples come into contact with the outside world, exchanging plants or animals they have obtained in the forests for the benefits of civilization: clothes, shoes, equipment.

Other useful properties

Concluding our consideration of the question of what the forest gives us, let us note a few more points:

A large number of trees are an obstacle to rivers, preventing water from spreading over long distances.
The roots of trees and bushes protect the soil cover from being washed away.
In the wilderness, a large number of living creatures find a home: animals, birds, insects, many species are rare or endangered. Therefore, it is through forests that it is possible to preserve the species diversity of plants and animals. Active leads to the fact that animals have nowhere to live.
Recreational tourism. The opportunity to go into the forest for a while, put up a tent - great option for a wellness holiday that will give you a lot of positive emotions.
Use for home improvement in the now popular eco-style.

All this proves that forests are of great importance for humans, which is why the wealth bestowed by nature itself should be treated with care, consciously and rationally using this resource.

The answer to the question of what the forest gives us cannot be unambiguous. Without trees and shrubs, grasses and wild animals, life itself on the planet is not possible.

From childhood, every person knows what a forest is - from fairy tales, excursions, and travel. Everyone has been in the forest. Let's talk about what are the benefits of forest.

Air Factory

People do not always notice, appreciate and think about what nature has given them. This can be said about air. A man breathes air. What's special here? It cannot be otherwise. How to live without air? Clean air saturated with oxygen - wealth, the heritage of all humanity, the entire planet.

But where does it come from? fresh air? Humanity, it would seem, should have used it up long ago, poisoned by carbon dioxide, which is released during breathing and during decay. organic matter. But we also need to take into account the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by factories, factories, and transport. But air is still relative clean and completely breathable. Why? Because the green substance in the leaves of plants on the planet - chlorophyll, in the light absorbs excess carbon dioxide and releases pure oxygen. This miraculous process is called photosynthesis. And one of the outstanding roles in this process, enormous in scale and significance, belongs to trees. The forest is useful because one hectare of it per year clears eighteen million cubic meters of air! And the forest area, according to the UN, is 4.1 billion hectares! Currently, when some cities and industrial centers on our planet poison themselves with harmful gases and carbon dioxide, only forests and parks are able to “ventilate” them. No other air conditioners can cope with this task so effectively. This means that the forest can rightfully be called air factory. Even if the forest performed only a sanitary and hygienic role, humanity would be grateful to it for this alone. invaluable. But he also has other, no less important roles.

Guardian of the Sources

Source- a symbol of purity. IN the most pure water . Who has been preserving its freshness and crystal purity for us for centuries? And here the main role belongs to the forest. Here is another of its global benefits of forests on planet Earth. Not to mention the needs of industry, a person simply cannot live a day without a sip of water. From infancy to old age, we use water. Every day and night we pollute it, but the forest tirelessly and freely cleanses it, turning the muddy slurry that was once water into crystal springs. You could say it gives birth to water again. (By the way, terrestrial plants, including forests, spend 16,000,000,000,000 tons of water per year on evaporation. Or in other words - 160 Aral seas they drink to the bottom).

After a thunderstorm, everyone has seen muddy, dirty streams rushing into a ravine or into a nearby stream. But has anyone seen a similar picture in the forest? Hardly. The forest does not allow surface movement of water, but forces it to seep through the ground and soil, forming reserves of clean water. Filtered through the smallest capillaries of soil and soil, the water again comes to the surface - fresh, cool, spring water.

The forest serves man

Forest selflessly serves man. It started a long time ago, from the time when our ancestor first got up from all fours, straightened his back and picked up a knotty club. The club turned out to be strong, strong and very useful in the harsh primeval forests. Moreover, even before the club, man had to use the services of trees more than once. He used them to escape predatory animals and spent the night in dense treetops if there was no suitable cave. Then man learned to make fire, built a primitive hearth and, finally, was able to cook meat for himself, which turned out to be much tastier than raw meat. In inclement weather he warmed himself by the fire. It took a long time before people learned to mine and burn coal, oil. Opening , did not reduce the demand for wood, however, like the fission of the atomic nucleus in the twentieth century. Tree! There is a tree at every step! Easy to process, durable, convenient, beautiful, harmless! always relevant. It's hard to name any industry National economy where no forest materials are used. Products and products derived from them surround us on all sides. And despite fairly successful attempts to replace wood with other materials, the need for it is increasing from year to year.

The tree provides an endless variety of products, without which we cannot imagine modern life. Just listing them creates an impressive picture: paper, rayon, rayon, turpentine, aspirin, thymol, creosote, acetic acid, methyl and ethyl alcohol, acetone, formaldehyde, camphor, charcoal, essential oils, rosin, latex...What about wood as a building material? Tables, chairs, furniture cabinets, parquet, telegraph poles, plywood. Well, an ordinary, irreplaceable board. The list of useful things made from wood is endless.

What else is a forest useful for?

It just so happened that we are accustomed to dividing everything around into useful, useless and harmful, that is, judging things from a practical point of view. And this look seemed to justify itself. Although sometimes some things go from useful to useless, and vice versa. Although forests have never been classified as useless, but man needed fields for farming - and the mighty trees retreated under the onslaught of an iron ax and merciless fire. The soils of the fields obtained in this way remained fertile for a long time, the farmer abandoned them and burned them again, cut them down, and plowed them up. Abandoned fields were exposed to wind and water erosion deep ravines were formed. Now we know that forests prevent destructive floods, soil erosion and the formation of ravines, dust storms and delays dry winds, thereby increasing the overall yield of agricultural crops. The forest is also useful that it increases moisture circulation, purifies water, traps cold Arctic air masses in the north, and hot winds of Central Asian deserts in the south. The forest is a regulator and keeper of moisture in the soil and air. And who hasn't had to go for