Goals of the Commonwealth: – implementation of cooperation between. Regional instruments of economic and political cooperation presentation Zolotukhin control over the adoption and application of multilateral trade agreements

Fundamentals of cooperation Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the USSR (25 June 1988) Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (“PCA”) (signed June 1994, entered into force 1 December 1997 due to events in Chechnya). : EU Collective Strategy towards Russia (4 June 1999). Strategy for the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the EU for the medium term (years), (November 22, 1999). The idea of ​​creating “four common spaces”

Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the EU and the USSR On June 25, 1988, after 15 years of negotiations, an agreement was concluded; the agreement was rather symbolic and included the areas of trade, as well as scientific research, connections in the field of transport, environment

Signed in June 1994, entered into force on December 1, 1997 due to events in Chechnya Economic relations: 1. asymmetry between the level of customs duties levied by the Community and the average level of duties adopted in Russia 2. foreign investment in Russia remains very weak Political dialogue: 1. Provisions related to human rights: introducing a re-consultation procedure in case of difficulties or conflicting interpretations of the situation related to human rights Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (“PCA”)

Collective EU strategy towards Russia Cologne, June 3-4, 1999 EUROPEAN COUNCIL Three blocks of interrelated problems: a) the status of Russia as an independent center of a multipolar world; b) cooperation and partnership between the Russian Federation and the EU directly in a bilateral mode; c) to their joint representation, interaction in the outside world as a partnership between the Russian Federation and the EU. the country wishes to retain the right to independently determine its domestic and foreign policies

November 22, 1999 It is noted that the partnership will be built on a mutually beneficial basis. The goal of Russia's accession to the EU is not set. The Russian Federation must maintain freedom to determine and pursue its domestic and foreign policies. During this period, the partnership between the Russian Federation and the EU can be expressed in joint efforts to create a collective security system in Europe, in activities to create a free trade zone, in a high level of mutual trust and cooperation. Goals in the military-political field: 1. Ensuring European security by the Europeans themselves, without isolation from the United States and NATO, but also without the monopoly of the latter on the continent. 2. Practical cooperation with Russia in the field of security (peacekeeping), crisis resolution, various aspects of arms limitation and reduction. 3. Military-technical cooperation, taking into account the prospect of creating a European “defense identity”, prevention and elimination local conflicts and crime in Europe. Strategy for the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the EU for the medium term (years).

Four security spaces May 31, 2003 and a common economic space; common space of freedom, security and justice; space for cooperation in the field of external security; space for scientific research and education, including cultural aspects

"Road map" for the common economic space 1) General issues of trade and economic cooperation: a) development of harmonized and compatible standards, regulations and procedures for assessing the conformity of goods b) Improving the legislative and enforcement systems for the protection of intellectual property rights in order to increase competitiveness and improve the investment climate through bringing regulatory systems closer to the best international standards and agreements c) Improving the investment climate, promoting and facilitating mutual investments 2. Trade facilitation and customs: Facilitate, standardize and automate procedures related to foreign trade, including transit operations; 3.Telecommunications, information society and e-commerce: cooperation to create a common space Information Society Russia - EU 4) Environment: Promoting environmental protection and compliance with international environmental agreements such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as regional conventions such as the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on protection and use of transboundary waterways and international lakes, in order to ensure sustainable development 5) Space – joint development of technologies, joint use of the ISS and space exploration, applied space developments

"Road map" for a common space of freedom, security and justice 1) Commitment to common values, democracy and the rule of law, their application by judicial systems; 2) respect for human rights; respect and observance of the principles and norms of the MP, including humanitarian provisions; respect for fundamental freedoms, including ensuring freedom and independence of means mass media. In the field of security, the task is to improve cooperation to counter terrorism and all forms of organized crime, and other types of illegal activities in order to ensure security. In the field of justice, the goal is to promote efficiency judicial system Russia and EU members and judicial independence, develop judicial cooperation.

"Road map" for a common external security space 1) Russia and the EU will intensify cooperation in the fight against terrorism through the exchange of information, through consultations in Moscow and Brussels. 2) Russia and the EU intend to conduct enhanced dialogue and cooperation, fight terrorism and cooperate in crisis management, in the fight against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Russia and the EU intend to devote Special attention ensuring international stability.

Simplify visa procedures Promote adoption of comparable degree systems higher education, integration of cooperation within the European Higher Education Area in accordance with the Bologna Process. Bologna Process In the field of culture: a structured approach to cultural cooperation, promoting increased accessibility of culture for the population, the dissemination of art and culture, intercultural dialogue, deepening knowledge of history and cultural heritage peoples of Europe. "Road map" for the common space of science and education

Today, the EU consumes 13% of Russian oil and 24% of Russian gas; 50% is the EU's share in the structure of Russia's foreign economic relations, of which 75% is oil and gas. 4% - Russia's share in the EU system of foreign economic relations 40% - FDI share in the Russian economy Russia had the opportunity to protect its market from the export of certain European goods until it joined the WTO. As a result, the weighted average tariff of the EU towards Russia did not exceed 1%, while in the Russian Federation this figure remained at the level of 16-18%. Economic relations. Trade.

Russian gas and oil supplies account for more than 25% of total energy consumption in EU member states and there is potential for their growth. Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia are almost completely dependent on Russian gas, and Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic are two-thirds or more dependent. As for oil, Russia supplies the EU with 44% of its total imports. - about 80% of Russian exports, mainly energy, are imported duty-free; Currently, the volume of capital investments of European investors in the Russian oil and gas complex is about $55-58 billion. The volume of capital investments of Russian investors in EU member countries exceeds $7 billion. The gas crisis with Ukraine has sunk the interests of the EU. Energy dialogue

1. Consequences for Russia: Foreign trade reorientation Closing the markets of the acceding countries from Russian exports of agricultural products. Consequences for Russia from the application of EU anti-dumping rules: (The damage to Russia from EU anti-dumping procedures is millions of dollars per year. In the EU-26 space, it will increase significantly.) 2. Threats: Expansion plans did not take into account the interests of Russia Europe without Russia and the CIS EU expansion by east simultaneously with NATO J. Delors: EU members (strategy of separating allies of the post-Soviet space gravitating towards Russia) The likelihood of the emergence within the EU of states susceptible to anti-Russian rhetoric EU enlargement

Russia's claims to the EU relate to: EU proposals to conduct a dialogue with Russia within the framework of the New Partnership program, a single plan for cooperation between the EU and neighboring states, which puts Russia at the level of North African states; Unsettled issues of transportation of goods and passengers between the main territory of Russia and the Kaliningrad region; Infringement of the rights of Russian-speaking minorities in Latvia and Estonia; Attempts by the EU to resist the continued foreign policy influence(?) of Russia on post-Soviet space; The EU's claims against Russia concern: violations of human rights in Chechnya and civil liberties; maintaining Russian military bases in Transnistria and Georgia, Russian intervention in intra-Georgian conflicts; low domestic Russian energy prices compared to world prices; Russia's collection of compensation payments from European airlines for their use of the non-stop Trans-Siberian route. The lack of progress in relations between Russia and the EU led, in particular, to the postponement of the EU Russia summit, planned for November 11. The summit nevertheless took place on November 25, 2004, but was almost entirely devoted to discussing the results of the presidential elections in Ukraine and did not bring any progress in relations between EU and Russia. Problems:

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In accordance with the decision of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CIS member states dated March 26, 2010, based on the letter of the Department of General Education of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated December 13, 2010 No. 03-390, it was recommended to conduct in December 2010 - January 2011 in general education institutions lessons (classroom hours) dedicated to the Commonwealth of Independent States. Week of the One class hour Today at modern school an important role in the development of a child is given to socialization - the assimilation of moral standards and rules, patterns of behavior necessary for the development of positive personality traits. A necessary part of personal development is the cultivation of love for one’s native country, its laws and symbols. Therefore, the key objectives of the class hour were: on the basis of the knowledge acquired by schoolchildren at the previous level, to expand their understanding of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the symbols of each state and the legislative framework, the role of the CIS in the international arena, and the economic interaction of the CIS member states; promote respect for social norms and values, laws and symbols of the CIS member states.

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Goals and objectives of a single lesson Goal: To show students the importance of cooperation between the countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the spiritual, economic, political and social spheres Objectives: To acquaint students with the history of the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, with the achievements of the CIS countries in various fields public life. Develop meaningful attitudes towards intercultural and interethnic problems modern society. Foster a tolerant, humane attitude and respect for national differences, a desire for cultural interaction

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What is the CIS? CIS stands for Commonwealth of Independent States, which was formed on December 8, 1991 in the Belarusian capital of Minsk. Initially, the CIS included the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukraine and Belarus. Later they were joined by other allied states: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The most recent state to join the CIS was Georgia. The CIS was created for cooperation between countries in many areas: politics, economics, culture, science, etc.

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History of the creation of the CIS December 8, 1991 - in Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus) the leaders of Russia - President B. Yeltsin and Secretary of State G. Burbulis, of Ukraine - President L. Kravchuk and Prime Minister V. Fokin and Belarus - Chairman of the Supreme Council of the BSSR S. Shushkevich and Chairman of the Council of Ministers V. Kebich announced the cessation of the activities of the USSR “as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality.” The formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, open for accession, was announced former members Union and other states, and an agreement was signed on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Agreement formulates the main directions and principles of cooperation, defines the scope joint activities, implemented on an equal basis through the coordinating structures of the Commonwealth. The contracting parties undertook to guarantee all the norms arising for them from the treaties and agreements of the former USSR.

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Member states of the organization According to the current Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the founding states of the organization are those states that, at the time of adoption of the Charter, signed and ratified the Agreement on the Creation of the CIS of December 8, 1991 and the Protocol to this Agreement of December 21, 1991. The member states of the Commonwealth are those founding states that assumed the obligations arising from the Charter within 1 year after its adoption by the Council of Heads of State. To join the organization, a potential member must share the goals and principles of the CIS, accepting the obligations contained in the Charter, and also obtain the consent of all member states. In addition, the Charter provides for categories of associate members (these are states participating in certain types of activities of the organization, on the terms determined by the agreement on associate membership) and observers (these are states whose representatives may attend meetings of Commonwealth bodies by decision of the Council of Heads of State). The current Charter regulates the procedure for the withdrawal of a member state from the Commonwealth. To do this, the Member State must notify the depositary of the Statute in writing 12 months before withdrawal. At the same time, the state is obliged to fully fulfill the obligations that arose during the period of participation in the Charter.

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The main stages of the development of the CIS On December 11, 1991, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia announced their accession to the CIS. On December 13, 1991, on the initiative of the President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev, a meeting of the heads of Kazakhstan and 4 republics took place Central Asia in Ashgabat. They also agreed to join the CIS, but on the condition of absolute equality with the parties that signed the Belovezhskaya Accords. On December 21, 1991, in Alma-Ata, the heads of 9 republics: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine signed the Declaration on the Formation of the Commonwealth of Sovereign States. Later they were joined by Azerbaijan, Georgia and Moldova - in total, the CIS included 12 republics out of 15 that were part of the USSR. At subsequent meetings of their leaders, Councils of Heads of State, Heads of Government, Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Defense, Coordination and Advisory Committee, Council collective security etc. The Interparliamentary Assembly was formed. Unlike previous union bodies, they did not have power functions, but could only coordinate the interests of the republics. On January 22, 1993, the Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States was adopted in Minsk. The Charter of the Commonwealth defines the conditions for membership of states in the CIS, formulates the goals and principles of interstate cooperation, interaction in the economic, social and legal fields, in the field of interparliamentary relations, enshrines sovereign equality all its members.

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State Date of ratification of the Agreement on the creation of the CIS (dated December 8, 1991) Date of ratification of the Protocol to the Agreement on the creation of the CIS (dated December 21, 1991) Date of ratification of the CIS Charter Azerbaijan not signed September 24, 1993 December 14, 1993 Armenia February 18, 1992 February 18, 1992 March 16, 1994 Belarus December 10, 1991 10 December 1991 January 18, 1994 Kazakhstan 23 December 1991 December 23, 1991 April 20, 1994 Kyrgyzstan not signed March 6, 1992 April 12, 1994 Moldova April 8, 1994 April 8, 1994 June 27, 1994 Russia December 12, 1991 December 12, 1991 July 20, 1993 Tajikistan not signed June 26, 1993 August 4, 1993 Turkmenistan not signed 2 December 6, 1991 not signed Uzbekistan January 4, 1992 January 4, 1992 February 9, 1994 Ukraine December 10, 1991 December 10, 1991 not signed Georgia not signed December 3, 1993 April 19, 1994

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The main stages of development of the CIS In September 1993, the heads of state of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed the Treaty on the Establishment of an Economic Union, which laid down the concept of transforming economic interaction within the Commonwealth of Independent States, taking into account the prevailing realities there. In March 1994 General Assembly The UN granted observer status to the Commonwealth of Independent States. Key milestones on the path to the formation of the CIS were the conclusion of the Agreement on the creation of a free trade zone on April 15, 1994, as well as the Agreement on the creation of the Interstate Economic Committee as a permanent body of the Economic Union, and the Agreement on the creation of the Payments Union of the CIS member states on October 21, 1994. Subsequently, the development of the CIS was characterized by the creation of interstate subregional structures, bodies responsible for solving special issues regional agenda, further development of the regulatory framework of the Commonwealth, creation of coordinating interdepartmental supranational organizations.

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Which countries are part of the CIS? The countries that united in the CIS used to be part of the USSR, then separated, and then united again, but as part of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The CIS includes the following countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Russia. The CIS also included Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Turkmenistan is a member of the CIS as an observer. The capital of this country is Ashgabat. The population density in Turkmenistan is 9.6 people per square kilometer. The main languages ​​of Turkmenistan are Russian and Turkmen. The main religion in this country is Islam.

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Members of the CIS - 11 states Working language - Russian Executive Secretary - Sergey Lebedev (RF) Country Chairman (RF) Education - December 8, 1991 Population 273,006,000 people. Official website of the CIS - http://cis.minsk.by/

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Charter goals and directions of activity of the CIS implementation of cooperation in political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields; comprehensive and balanced economic and social development participating states within the framework of a common economic space, interstate cooperation and integration; development of equal and mutually beneficial partnership in the economic sphere through the formation of a free trade zone; ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with generally recognized norms of international law and OSCE documents; cooperation between participating states in ensuring international peace and security, implementation of effective measures to reduce the arms race and military spending, eliminate nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction, achieve general and complete disarmament; achieving closer interaction between the CIS states and the UN and other international organizations in the sphere of resolving international conflicts; assistance to citizens of participating states in free communication, contacts and movement in the Commonwealth; mutual legal assistance and cooperation in other areas of legal relations; pooling forces and means in the fight against organized crime, international terrorism and other manifestations of extremism; peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between members of the Commonwealth.

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Governing bodies of the CIS Interaction of countries within the Commonwealth of Independent States is carried out through its coordinating institutions: the Council of Heads of State, the Council of Heads of Government, the Interparliamentary Assembly, the Executive Committee, etc.

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Council of Heads of State The Council of Heads of State, as the highest body of the Commonwealth, discusses and resolves any fundamental issues of the Commonwealth related to the common interests of the participating states. The Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth at its meetings makes decisions regarding: amendments to the CIS Charter; creation of new or abolition of existing bodies of the Commonwealth; optimization of the CIS structure; improving the activities of Commonwealth bodies; hearing reports on the activities of CIS bodies; appointment (approval) of heads of bodies falling within its competence; delegation of powers to lower authorities; approval of regulations on CIS bodies within its competence.

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Council of Heads of Governments The Council of Heads of Governments of the CIS coordinates cooperation between executive authorities in economic, social and other spheres common interests CIS member countries. The Council of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth resolves the issues of: implementing the instructions of the Council of Heads of State given to the Council of Heads of Government; implementation of the provisions set out in the Treaty establishing the Economic Union, as well as the practical functioning of the free trade zone; adoption of joint industrial development programs, Agriculture and other sectors of the economy and their financing; development of transport systems, communications, energy systems, cooperation in matters of tariff, credit, financial and tax policy; development of mechanisms aimed at creating a scientific and technological space; creation of Commonwealth bodies within its competence; appointments (approvals) of heads of Commonwealth bodies within its competence; financial support for the activities of Commonwealth bodies.

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Governing bodies of the CIS The Council of Foreign Ministers of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CMID) was created by the Decision of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of September 24, 1993 to coordinate foreign policy activities. Interparliamentary Assembly The Interparliamentary Assembly of Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States (IPA) was formed on March 27, 1992 on the basis of the Alma-Ata Agreement, signed by the heads of parliaments of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The Assembly was established as a consultative institution to discuss issues and consider draft documents of mutual interest.

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Russia Russia is the largest state in the world, occupying a significant part of Europe and Asia and one of three countries that is washed by the seas of three oceans at once: the Baltic and Black Seas of the Atlantic Ocean; Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi seas of the Arctic Ocean; Bering, Okhotsk and Seas of Japan Pacific Ocean.

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Moldova Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe. The country took its name from the Moldova River in Romania. The origin of the name of the river is not known for certain; there are two main versions: a) the waters of the river were used for quarrying of minerals, and “molde” is the German term for such mining b) the name came from the Gothic language, in which “mulda” means "dust". Moldova is part of the CIS.

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Ukraine Ukraine is a state in Eastern Europe; in the south it is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. The name “Ukraine” apparently comes from either the Slavic “border territory” (outskirts) or from “country” (edge). It is also possible that the first syllable "uk" is a corruption of "yug". Ukraine is part of the CIS.

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The territory of the state is 33.7 thousand sq. km. The population as of January 1, 2003 is 3 million 618.5 thousand people. The capital of Moldova is the city of Chisinau. In accordance with the Constitution adopted on July 29, 1994, the Republic of Moldova is a sovereign and independent, united and indivisible state. On July 27, 2000, the law introducing a parliamentary form of government in the Republic of Moldova came into force. In accordance with the amendments to the Constitution, a parliamentary form of government was introduced in the country. The president remains the head of state, but he retains mainly representative functions. The President, in particular, is deprived of the right to initiate the procedure for amending the Constitution and the right to appoint judges of the Constitutional Court. The law provides for the election of the President in parliament. September 17, 2009 constitutional Court Moldova officially recognized the interim performance of the duties of the President of the Republic of Moldova by the Chairman of the Parliament, Mihai Ghimpu.

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Belarus is a state in Eastern Europe, landlocked. The territory of the country is flat, the eastern part is located on the Central Russian Upland. The highest point is Mount Dzerzhinskaya, 345 m. There are about 11,000 lakes and a large number of rivers in Belarus (the largest: Dnieper, Western Dvina, Neman, Western Bug, Pripyat, Sozh, Berezina). Belarus is part of the CIS.

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Kazakhstan is a large state in Central Asia. Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied by plains (steppes, semi-deserts, deserts), with the exception of the center of the country, where the destroyed mountains of the Kazakh small hills and the east with the ridges of the Tien Shan, Altai and Dzungarian Alatau are located. In the east is the highest point of the country - Khan Tengri Peak, 6995 m. Largest rivers- Irtysh, Syrdarya, Ural, Ili, Ishim, Tobol. Kazakhstan has access to the Caspian and Aral Sea(which are essentially lakes); There are many other large lakes in the country: Balkhash, Zaisan, Sassykol, Alakol, Kamystybas, Tengiz and others. The name of the country comes from the people inhabiting it (Kazakhs) and the Persian suffix -stan, meaning “land” - i.e. "land of the Kazakhs". Kazakhstan is part of the CIS.

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The Republic of Azerbaijan occupies the southeastern part of the Caucasian Isthmus and covers an area of ​​over 86.6 thousand square meters. km. The population of the Azerbaijan Republic as of May 1, 2004 is 8 million 289 thousand people. The capital is the city of Baku. Azerbaijan includes the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic. According to the Constitution adopted on November 12, 1995, the Azerbaijani state is a democratic, legal, secular, unitary republic with a presidential form of government. The head of state is the President, and he also has executive power. The President is elected for a term of 5 years. Legislative power is exercised by the Milli Majlis, elected for 5 years. The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is Ilham Heydarovich Aliyev.

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The Republic of Armenia occupies an area of ​​29.8 thousand square meters. km, the population as of 01/01/2003 is 3 million 210.8 thousand people. The capital of Armenia is the city of Yerevan. According to the Constitution adopted on July 5, 1995, the Republic of Armenia is a sovereign democratic, social, legal state. The legislative body of the Republic of Armenia is the National Assembly, consisting of 131 deputies. The term of office of the National Assembly is 4 years. The head of state and executive power is the President, elected for a five-year term. Executive power is exercised by the Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and ministers. The President of the Republic of Armenia is Serzh Azatovich Sargsyan.

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Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked state in Central Asia. "Kyrgyzstan" apparently comes from the Persian "land of forty tribes." Kyrgyzstan is part of the CIS.

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The territory of the state is about 200 thousand sq. km. The population as of January 1, 2003 is 5 million 012.5 thousand people. The capital of the state is the city of Bishkek. The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan), according to the Constitution adopted on May 5, 1993, is sovereign, unitary, democratic republic, built on the principles of a legal, secular state. On February 2, 2003, a referendum took place. By a majority vote of voters, Law No. 40 of February 18, 2003 “On the new edition of the Constitution” was approved and signed by President A. Akaev Kyrgyz Republic. The President is the head of state. He is elected for a term of five years. Parliament, the Jogorku Kenesh, is a permanent highest representative body. The Jogorku Kenesh exercises legislative power, as well as control functions. He is elected for five years. Executive power in Kyrgyzstan is exercised by the Government, ministries subordinate to it, state committees, administrative departments, other executive bodies and local state administration. The President of the Kyrgyz Republic is Roza Isakovna Otunbaeva.

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The territory of the state is 447.4 thousand square meters. km. The population as of January 1, 2001 is 24 million 916.4 thousand people. The capital of Uzbekistan, the city of Tashkent, is one of the largest cities in the east. In accordance with the Constitution adopted on December 8, 1992, Uzbekistan is a sovereign democratic republic. The highest state representative body is the Oliy Majlis, which exercises legislative power. The Oliy Majlis is elected for 5 years. The President is the head of state and executive power, at the same time the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers. The president is elected for a term of five years. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is Islam Abduganievich Karimov.

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The territory of Turkmenistan is 488.1 thousand square meters. km. The population as of May 1, 2004 is 6 million 385.7 thousand people. The capital is the city of Ashgabat. Turkmenistan was declared an independent state in October 1991 as a result of a popular referendum. According to the Constitution adopted on May 18, 1992, Turkmenistan is a democratic legal and secular state. State government carried out in the form presidential republic. The President is the head of state and executive power, the highest official Turkmenistan. The highest representative body of people's power is the Khalk Maslakhaty (People's Council) of Turkmenistan. The Mejlis (parliament) is the legislative body of Turkmenistan. The Cabinet of Ministers is an executive and administrative body. The Cabinet of Ministers is headed by the President. The President of Turkmenistan is Berdimuhamedov Gurbanguly Myalikgulyevich.

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Each nation creates and respects its own national-state symbols. The unity of culture and history of each country is built on the common language of its symbols. Each element of state symbols contains deepest meaning. These symbols reflect the history of the origin of the state, its structure, its goals, principles, national and other traditions, features of the economy and nature. When turning to state symbols, it is important to understand that in addition to the official elements approved as such - the coat of arms, flag, anthem - there are others significant characters for each state - the Constitution, the President, historical monuments, etc.

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Questions Why do we need a coat of arms? Why do we need a flag? Where can I see the image of the flag and coat of arms? Name the colors State flag of your country, compare with the colors of the flags of other countries.

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Coat of arms and flag At all times, color was given special meaning. White is the color of peace and purity of conscience, red is fire and courage, blue is the sky, loyalty and truth, green is natural wealth. the colors of the national flags are associated with popular ideas of beauty. White and red colors have long been used in national folk costumes. Shirts were made from white linen, and elegant sundresses and other clothes were made from red fabric. In the folk art of the Slavic peoples, white and red colors have a special meaning: White color is a symbol of purity, and red is a symbol of life. Blue color resembles the color of the sky, which means it symbolizes the high and pure. Green color symbolizes natural wealth. That is why these colors were often used by peasants for their clothing and decorating their houses. We notice these colors in architecture, for example, white cathedrals and red walls, towers and an elegant combination of blue and white in the decoration of churches. Guests and tourists coming from other countries see the State flag and National emblem. We also see the coat of arms on the banknotes of countries, on seals confirming the authenticity of important documents.

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The national anthem is a solemn song or melody that is performed on special, solemn occasions, during national holidays, raising the National Flag, ceremonial meetings, during military rituals and sports competitions. When the anthem of any country is played, people stand up and men take off their hats. This is how respect for the country whose anthem is played is shown. Remember Olympic Games. When our athletes win gold medals, the anthem of our country is played and the flag of our state is understood. Every morning in our country begins with the National Anthem, which is played on the radio.

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Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

• This is a subregional international organization, which includes 6 states - Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (June 15, 2001).

• The total territory of the states is 61% of the territory of Eurasia, the demographic potential is 1/4 of the world's population. Official languages ​​are Russian and Chinese.

• Headquarters in Beijing.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

• The goal of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is to stabilize the situation in Central Asia, strengthen friendship and good neighborliness between member states, and develop cooperation in political, economic, scientific and other fields.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

• Main tasks of the SCO

• -maintaining peace and stability in the region,

• -development of trade and economic cooperation.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

• Agreement on confidence-building in the military field in the border area (1996).

• Agreement on mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area (1997).

• Declaration on maintaining and ensuring peace, security and stability in Wed. Asia, as well as the development of cooperation in political, trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural, educational, energy, transport, environmental fields (2001).

• Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism (2001).

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

• Basic documents and agreements of the SCO:

• The Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Agreement between the SCO member states on the Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure and the Declaration of the Heads of the SCO member states (2002).

• Agreements defining the operating procedure of the main bodies of the SCO, the mechanism for forming the budget and other issues related to the current work of various divisions of the SCO (2003).

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

• Main bodies and structure of the SCO:

• 1. Council of Heads of State - annual SCO summits in the capitals of the participating countries.

• 3. Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (CMFA). Prefaces high-level meetings, coordinates the positions of participants and prepares key documents for signing by heads of state.

• 4. Meetings of heads of ministries and departments are held on a regular basis.

• 5. Secretariat (Beijing) – up to 40 people.

• 6. Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) (Bishkek).

GUUAM group of countries

• GUUAM

GUUAM group of countries

• On October 10, 1997, the presidents of these states (excluding Uzbekistan) held a meeting during the Council of Europe summit in Strasbourg, at which they discussed the creation of a political and advisory forum GUAM.

• On April 24, 1999, at the Washington NATO summit, Uzbekistan joined GUAM.

• At the Millennium Summit in 2000 in New York, it was announced that GUUAM would be transformed into an international organization.

GUUAM group of countries

• GUUAM was structured at the Yalta summit in 2001:

• the highest body of GUUAM is the annual meeting of the bloc's heads of state;

• working body – committee of national coordinators.

• The charter document of GUUAM, the Yalta Charter, was adopted.

GUUAM group of countries

• The main economic component of GUUAM is promoting the direction of US energy policy in the Caspian region and Central Asia, ensuring its own state national interests, countering Russian influence, blocking Iran...

GUUAM group of countries

• G+U+U+A+M

• Multilateral regulation is a relatively new phenomenon in the history of world relations.

History of the formation of multilateral regulation in international relations

History of the formation of multilateral regulation in international relations

History of the formation of multilateral regulation in international relations

History of the formation of multilateral regulation in international relations

• Since the 70s, an intensive process of forming a common legal space began. This was greatly facilitated by the activities carried out within the framework of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT-1947), aimed at establishing the compatibility of national systems for regulating foreign trade.

• GATT is a system of restraining unilateral actions and maintaining a normal climate in international trade relations.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - GATT

• GATT functions:

• implementation of multilaterally agreed rules governing the behavior of governments in international trade;

• serving as a forum for trade negotiations aimed at liberalizing trade and making it more predictable;

• fulfilling the role of an international court resolving global economic disputes and conflict situations.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - GATT

• During the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (1993), an agreement was adopted on the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), of which the GATT becomes part.

• On January 1, 1995, the GATT structurally became part of the WTO, but having become part of the WTO, it largely retains its autonomy.

• The WTO began to operate on January 1, 1995.

• Main activities:

• monitoring the adoption and application of multilateral trade agreements;

• serving as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations;

• settlement of trade disputes between member countries;

• monitoring countries' trade policies;

• collection, study and provision of information on the development and use of international trade mechanisms.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Parkhomets I.Yu., Geography teacher, Lugansk

UN (UNITED NATIONS)

General Secretary: Ban Ki-moon January 1, 2007 Ban Ki-moon of the Republic Korea was elected as the eighth General Secretary of the United Nations and took up this post with 37 years behind him. summer experience as part of government and in the international arena

Headquarters – Apartment:

Headquarters

UN in New York, where

representatives gather

192 countries to produce

consensus on global

problems.

Briefly about the UN:

• The number of UN member states is 192.
• Date of creation of the UN: October 24, 1945.
• As of June 30, 2010, the Secretariat's staff totaled about 44 thousand employees.
• Number of current peacekeeping operations: 16.
• Official languages: English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, French.
• First memorable date, announced by the General

The UN Assembly is United Nations Day - October 24, 1947 (anniversary of the entry into force of the charter and adoption of the flag)

General Secretary: Thorbjorn Jagland - former prime minister minister and speaker of parliament Norway. He also holds the post Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Prize committee.

Headquarters – Apartment:

• France,
• Strasbourg.

Creation: 1949 The Council of Europe was created in the wake of calls for unification of Europe and building a kind of “United States of Europe" after World War II. One of Winston is considered the most active supporter of this idea Churchill. There are currently 48 states in the Council of Europe.

Goals:

a) The aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve more

close union between its members for the protection and advancement

ideals and principles which are their common heritage, and

promote their economic and social progress.

b) This goal will be pursued through the authorities

Council by considering issues of common interest

interest, concluding agreements, conducting joint

actions in economic, social, cultural, scientific,

legal and administrative fields, as well as through

protection and development of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

NATO (North Atlantic Organization) Agreement)

General Secretary: Anders Fogh Rasmussen - Danish politician, general since 2009 NATO Secretary. In 2001-2009 was head of the Danish government

Headquarters – Apartment:

Brussels, Belgium

Briefly about NATO: the world's largest military-political bloc, uniting most European countries, the USA and Canada. Appeared on April 4, 1949 in the USA. Then the states The USA, Canada, Iceland, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Portugal became NATO members. NATO currently consists of 28 states

Goals:

The current Strategic Framework, published in 1999,

defines NATO's primary objectives as follows:

- act as the basis for stability in the Euro-Atlantic region;

- serve as a forum for consultation on security issues;

- to deter and protect against any threat of aggression

against any NATO member state;

- contribute to effective conflict prevention and

actively participate in crisis management;

- promote the development of comprehensive partnerships,

cooperation and dialogue with other countries of the Euro-Atlantic region.

General Secretary: Secretary General of the Council European Union (EU), supreme EU Representative for External Affairs politics and security Javier Solana.

Political centers:

• Brussels,
• Luxembourg,
• Strasbourg.

Motto:

In varietate concordia

(Consent in Diversity)

EU - economic and political unification of 27 European states. Aimed at regional integration, The Union was legally established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 on the principles of the European Communities.

General Secretary: Secretary General Organizations economic cooperation and development (OECD) - Angel Gurría .

Headquarters – Apartment:

Chateau de la Muette,

France.

OECD objectives

The OECD carries out extensive analytical work,

platform for organizing multilateral negotiations on economic issues.

A significant portion of the OECD's activities is related to

combating money laundering, tax evasion, corruption and bribery. With the participation of the OECD, some

mechanisms designed to put an end to the practice of creating so-called “tax oases” by a number of states.

OSCE Security Organization and Cooperation in Europe

General Secretary: OSCE Secretary General Marc Perrin de Brichambaut

Headquarters – Apartment:

Vienna, Austria

OSCE (eng. OSCE, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the largest in the world regional organization dealing with issues security. It unites 56 countries located in North America, Europe and Central Asia. Former name - “Meeting on Security and Cooperation in Europe" (CSCE) Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe - CSCE).

"Meeting on Security and

cooperation in Europe" was convened at

initiative of the USSR and socialist

states of Europe as always

current international forum

representatives of 33 European states, and

also the USA and Canada to develop measures

reducing military confrontation and

strengthening security in Europe.

Goals of the OSCE

Basic means of ensuring security and solving the main tasks of the organization:

• “First basket”, or political-military dimension:

arms proliferation control;

diplomatic efforts to prevent conflicts;

measures to build trust and security;

• “Second basket”, or economic and environmental dimension:

economic and environmental safety.

• "Third Basket", or human dimension:

protection of human rights;

development of democratic institutions;

election monitoring;

• The organization's staff is about 370 people employed in governing bodies organization, as well as approximately 3,500 staff working in field missions.

CEO: Pascal Lamy (8 April 1947) head ( CEO) WTO since 2005.

Headquarters – Apartment:

Geneva, Switzerland

• Dark Green: Founders of the WTO (January 1, 1995)
• Light green: Subsequent members

153 member states

Objectives and principles of the WTO:

The purpose of the WTO is not to achieve any goals or results, but

establishment general principles international trade. The work of the WTO, like the GATT before it, is based on basic principles, including:

Equal rights

All WTO members are required to provide most favored nation trade (NBT) treatment to all other members.

The NBT regime means that preferences granted to one of the

members of the WTO automatically apply to all other members

organizations.

Reciprocity

All concessions in easing bilateral trade restrictions must be reciprocal.

Transparency

. WTO members must fully publish their trade

rules and have authorities responsible for providing information

other WTO members.

Member states of the Eurasian economic union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Russian Federation and from May 14, 2015 Kyrgyzstan. The EAEU was created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increased competitiveness national economies and creating conditions for sustainable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the Member States.

Economic and political

centers:

• Almaty
• Astana
• Yerevan
• Minsk
• Moscow
• Bishkek

“Countries of Independent States” - Ancient Castle of Armenia. The total length of the borders is 12,187 km. In what month and year was the agreement on the creation of the CIS signed? The capital is the hero city Moscow. What did the charter say? Official language- Russian. Coast of Azerbaijan. National Flag of Kazakhstan. Republic of Azerbaijan, a state in western Asia, in Transcaucasia.

"Russia and the CIS" - Azerbaijan. Moldova. CIS bodies. CIS emblem. Samsonov, Viktor Nikolaevich (1993-1997) Prudnikov, Viktor Alekseevich (1997-2001). Chairmen of the Council of Heads of State. Russia and the CIS. Joint organizations in the CIS. Kyrgyzstan. Areas of joint activities of member states: Kazakhstan. Members of the Commonwealth. Ukraine.

“Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States” - The blue color resembles the color of the sky, which means it symbolizes the high and pure. The most recent state to join the CIS was Georgia. Armenian flag. Ukraine. The CIS also included Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Flag of Kazakhstan. The Republic of Uzbekistan. Mother of God. Each nation creates and respects its own national-state symbols.

“CIS countries” - Labor migration. Exports of the CIS countries – 700 billion dollars. V. Technical regulation. Package I (development and signing before 01/01/2011, entry into force on 07/01/2011). Agreement on common principles of regulation in the field of intellectual property protection. 10. II package (development and signing before 07/01/2011, entry into force 01/01/2012).

"CIS Banks" - CIS banks are on the verge of change. 6. Thus, the Russian VTB has subsidiaries in six CIS countries. Rice. 1. Dynamics of assets of banks in the CIS countries. Penetration of CIS banking systems. 2. 3. Fig. 2. Ratio of bank loans to GDP in the CIS countries, %. 5. Not for everyone... Growth potential is still high, but...

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