Cool watch about MT Kalashnikov. Class hour: “Mikhail Kalashnikov is a symbol of Russian technical thought”

Born on November 10, 1919 in the village of Kurya Altai Territory. Since childhood, he was interested in technology and studied with interest the structure and operating principles of various mechanisms. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai Turkestan-Siberian station. railway. Communication with machinists, turners, and depot mechanics strengthened Mikhail’s interest in technology and aroused the desire to do something himself.

In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he qualified as a tank driver and served in a tank regiment in the city of Stryi ( Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities and developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a tank life counter.

Latest invention was enough The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was summoned to report about it to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District and received his first award - a personalized watch from the commander, Army General G.K. Zhukova. After a conversation with the commander, it is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the production of prototypes, and after completion of tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for modification and launch into series.

Great Patriotic War began the Great Patriotic War began in August 1941 in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, in October sergeant, in October near Bryansk he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. seriously wounded. In the hospital In the hospital, Kalashnikov was tormented by one thought: how to help the front? This thought brought him to the library, forced him to sit down at his desk. He really got excited about the idea of a drawing table. He really got excited about the idea of creating his own model of automatic weapons. I began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing my own impressions of the battles and the opinions of my comrades in arms.

In 1944, Kalashnikov working at the Central Research Site small arms(NIPSMVO) of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army, created prototype self-loading carbine, which, although it did not go into production, partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle.

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov Hero Russian Federation, Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, Laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Knight of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, member of the Union of Writers of Russia, since 1971 Doctor of Technical Sciences, awarded in 1969 military rank colonel, in 1994 - major general, in 1999. - Lieutenant General.

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Family
3 Contribution to weapons development
- 3.1 Automata
- 3.2 Machine guns
- 3.3 Hunting rifles
4 Recognition and awards
- 4.1 Orders
- 4.2 Medals
- 4.3 Awards
- 4.4 Acknowledgments
- 4.5 Certificates
- 4.6 Other honors
5 Bibliography

Introduction

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov(born November 10, 1919, Kurya, Altai province) - an outstanding designer small arms in the USSR and Russia, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1971), Lieutenant General (1999).

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Hero of the Russian Federation, holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, member of the Union of Writers of Russia. Member of the CPSU since 1952, deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR (1950-1954).

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov is the only person, awarded the title of Hero of Russia and twice the title of Hero of Socialist Labor at the same time.

1. Biography

Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which nineteen children were born and eight survived.

In 1930, the family of his father, Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as a kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk region, the village of Nizhnyaya Mokhovaya. From childhood he was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and operating principles of various mechanisms. At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature. After finishing the seventh grade, with the permission of his parents, he returned to Altai, to Kurya, but was unable to get a job. After studying there for another year, he decided to return to his mother and stepfather in Siberia, where, having corrected the date of birth in the documents, he received a passport. A few months later, after returning to Kuryu, he first became acquainted with the design of the weapon, having disassembled with my own hands Browning pistol. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai station of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway. Communication with machinists, turners, and depot mechanics strengthened Mikhail’s interest in technology and aroused the desire to do something himself.

In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in a tank regiment in Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank. The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was summoned to report about it to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District, Army General Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. After a conversation with the commander, it is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the production of prototypes, and after completion of the tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for modification and launch into series.

He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and was seriously wounded near Bryansk in October. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of creating my own model of automatic weapons. He began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing his own impressions of the battles, the opinions of his comrades in arms, and the contents of the books in the hospital library. The advice of one paratrooper lieutenant, who had worked at some research institute before the war and had a good knowledge of small arms systems and the history of their creation, was also useful.

The first Kalashnikov submachine gun.

At the direction of the doctors, he was sent for further treatment on a six-month leave. Returning to Matai, with the help of depot specialists, three months later he created a prototype of his first model of a submachine gun. From Matai he was sent to Alma-Ata, where he produced a more advanced model in the training workshops of the Moscow Aviation Institute, which was evacuated to the capital of Kazakhstan. Later, the sample was presented to the head of the Military Engineering Academy named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky to A. A. Blagonravov - an outstanding scientist in the field of small arms.

Although Blagonravov's review was generally negative, he noted the originality and interestingness of the development and recommended that Senior Sergeant Kalashnikov be sent for further training. Later, the Kalashnikov submachine gun was presented to the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. Noting some shortcomings and a generally successful design, GAU specialists did not recommend adopting the Kalashnikov SMG for service for technological reasons. The conclusion read:

Since 1942, Kalashnikov has been working at the Central Small Arms Research Site (NIPSMVO) of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. Here, in 1944, he created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which, although it did not go into production, partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle. Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic weapons chambered for the 7.62×39 intermediate cartridge of the 1943 model. The Kalashnikov assault rifle won the 1947 competition and was adopted for service. During development, he gets to know his future wife- draftsman of the Degtyarev Design Bureau Ekaterina Moiseeva.

In 1948, by order of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N.N. Voronov, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant for his author’s participation in the creation technical documentation and organizing the production of the first pilot batch of his AK-47 assault rifle. By May 20, 1949, the task was completed: 1,500 machine guns manufactured at the Motozavod successfully passed military tests and were put into service Soviet army.

Subsequently, at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, on the basis of the AK47 design, under the personal supervision of Kalashnikov, dozens of prototypes of automatic small arms were developed, but Kalashnikov himself, due to frequent visits to the shooting range and range shooting, received hearing impairment, which could not be restored later even with the help of modern medicine.

In 1971, based on the totality of research and design work and inventions, Kalashnikov was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. He is an academician of 16 different Russian and foreign academies.

In 1989, Mikhail Timofeevich decided to meet with Eugene Stoner, the creator of the main competitor of the AK, the M16 assault rifle. In the USA, Kalashnikov was greeted like a movie star, even though almost no one in the world knew his face. In 1969, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the military rank of colonel, in 1994 the military rank of major general, and in 1999 the military rank of lieutenant general.

In an interview with the weekly A New Look"(2011) Nikas Safronov noted:

2. Family

Family of M. T. Kalashnikov:

Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).
Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
Wife - Kalashnikova Ekaterina Viktorovna (1921-1977) - design technician by profession.
- Son - Victor (1942).
- Daughters: Nellie (1942), Elena (1948) and the tragically deceased Natalya (1953-1983).

3. Contribution to weapons development

Designer Mikhail Kalashnikov (1949)

3.1. Slot machines

In the early 50s of the 20th century, lightweight AK and AKN assault rifles with a night vision device (7.62 mm) were created. In 1959, the AK 7.62 mm, AKM (modernized Kalashnikov Avtomat), AKMS, AKMSU with a folding stock and their modifications: AKMN, AKMSN with a night vision sight (7.62 mm) were adopted.

In the 70s, production began of a new set of 5.45 mm weapons designed by Kalashnikov: AK-74, AK74N with a night vision sight, AK-74 with a grenade launcher, AKS74 with a folding stock (adopted for service in 1974), AKS74U shortened with The folding stock is developed on the basis of the AKS74 (adopted into service in 1979), and its modifications with the AKS74UN night sight, AKS74UB with a silent firing device (SBS) and a silent under-barrel grenade launcher. In 1991, the AK74M 5.45 mm caliber and its modifications with optical and night sights (AK74MP, AK74MN) were put into service and into mass production. All Kalashnikov assault rifles can be equipped with knife bayonets, PBS and under-barrel grenade launchers.

In the 90s, the development of the new “hundredth” series of Kalashnikov assault rifles for the most common cartridges in the world (7.62x39 mm, 5.56x45 mm NATO, and Russian 5.45x39 mm) developed on the basis of the AK was carried out -74M: AK-101 (5.56 mm), AK-102 (5.56 mm), AK-103 (7.62 mm), AK-104 (7.62 mm), AK-105 (5.45 mm), as well as completely new AK-107 (5.45 mm) and AK-108 (5.56 mm), designed with a balanced automatic system, developed on the basis of the AK-74M and AK-101, respectively.

3.2. Machine guns

Since the mid-50s, development of machine guns was also carried out: in 1959 it was put into service Kalashnikov light machine gun(RPK), in 1963 - RPKS with a folding stock and a night vision sight, later - RPK74 and RPKS74.

Also in service are Kalashnikov machine guns- PK (1961), PKS (1961), PKM (1969) PKMS - in the easel version, adopted for service in 1969, in 1962 the Kalashnikov tank machine gun (PKT) 7.62 mm was adopted for service - a tank machine gun and its modernized modification of PKMT, as well as armored personnel carrier machine gun PKB (7.62 mm) and PKMB.

In the 70s, production of a new set of weapons was launched: RPK74 (created on the basis of the AK74), RPKS74 with a folding stock, RPK74M and modifications with a night sight RPK74N. The development of 5.45 mm weapons turned out to be labor-intensive and technologically complex, however, mass production was established.

3.3. Hunting rifles

In the 70s, the first industrial batch of self-loading hunting carbines based on AKs was manufactured, but only with the beginning of conversion in the 80s did they return to the development of rifled and smooth-bore hunting weapons based on AKs.

In 1992, the production of self-loading hunting rifle"Saiga" with optical sight(7.62mm), then the Saiga 5.6, Saiga 5.6C carbines chambered for the 5.6x39 hunting cartridge, as well as Saiga-410, Saiga-20 and others were developed.

4. Recognition and awards

Lifetime monument to Mikhail Kalashnikov in Izhevsk.
Sculptor Vladimir Kurochkin

4.1. Orders

1949 - Order of the Red Star
1957 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor
1958, 1969, 1976 - Order of Lenin (three times)
1974 - Order of the October Revolution
1982 - Order of Friendship of Peoples
1985 - Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree
1994 - Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree - for outstanding achievements in the field of creating automatic small arms and significant contribution to the defense of the Fatherland
1998 - Order of St. Andrew the First-Called - behind outstanding contribution for the defense of the Fatherland
1999 - Order of Honor, (Belarus) - for outstanding services in the development of unique types of small arms, great personal contribution to strengthening the defense potential of the Union of Belarus and Russia and in connection with the 80th anniversary
2003 - Order of Dostyk, 1st degree (Kazakhstan)
2004 - Order of Military Merit - for his great personal contribution to the development of new types of weapons and strengthening the country's defense capability
2005 - Order of the Ruby Cross (International charitable foundation"Patrons of the Century").
2006 - Order of the Star of Carabobo (Venezuela)
2007 - Order of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Dimitri Donskoy, II degree (ROC)
2009 - Order of Merit for the Altai Territory, 1st degree.

4.2. Medals

2009 - Gold Star Medal
1958, 1976 - Hammer and Sickle Medal (twice)
Medal "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
Jubilee medal "Thirty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
Jubilee medal "Forty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Jubilee medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
Zhukov Medal
Medal "For Distinction in Protecting the State Border of the USSR"
Medal "Veteran of Labor" on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
Jubilee medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
Anniversary medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Anniversary medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Anniversary medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Jubilee medal "70 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
2007 - Medal “Symbol of Science”
Gold medal named after V. G. Shukhov
Medal "For outstanding contribution to the development of collecting business in Russia"

4.3. Awards

1948 - Stalin Prize
1949 - Stalin Prize
1964 - Lenin Prize
1997 - State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of design
2003 - Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education
2009 - Laureate of the All-Russian Literary Prize named after A.V. Suvorov.

4.4. Acknowledgments

1997 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
1999 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
2002 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
2007 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation

4.5. Certificates

1997 - Certificate of Honor from the Government of the Russian Federation
1999 - Certificate of Honor from the Government of the Russian Federation
2004 - “Honorary Engineer of Kazakhstan” (Kazakhstan)

4.6. Other honors

1980 - in the homeland of M. T. Kalashnikov in the village of Kurye, a lifetime bronze bust was erected to him.
1997 - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Altai Territory.”
1997 - the award of the Ministry of Economy of Russia was established - the Badge “Small Arms Designer M. T. Kalashnikov”
1999 - Union of Scientific and engineering organizations and the Government of Udmurtia established the M. T. Kalashnikov Prize
1999 - the Alrosa diamond company assigned the name “Constructor Mikhail Kalashnikov” to a jewelry diamond weighing 50.74 carats mined on December 29, 1995 (size 14.5x15.0x15.5 mm, quality Stones Black)
2002 - The cadet school in Votkinsk was named after M. T. Kalashnikov
2002 - a prize named after him was established at the School of Weaponry in Izhevsk
2004 - opened in Izhevsk Government agency culture "Museum of M. T. Kalashnikov"
2009 - Mikhail Kalashnikov received as a gift from President Hugo Chavez the highest award of the republic - a copy of the famous Simon Bolivar sword, which is a relic of Venezuela and the presentation of a copy is equivalent to the country's highest award.
The name of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded to the audience at military department Mining Institute of St. Petersburg.

5. Bibliography

Kalashnikov M.T. Notes of a gunsmith designer. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1992. - 304 p. - ISBN 5-203-01290-3
Kalashnikov M.T. From someone else's threshold to the Spassky Gate / author. literature Records of Nemchenko G. L.; total ed. Nedelin A.V. - M.: Military Parade, 1997. - 496 p.
Kalashnikov M.T. I walked the same road with you: Memoirs. / ed. advice: I. Krasnovsky [and others]. - M.: House “All Russia”, 1999. - 239 p.
Kalashnikov M.T. Kalashnikov: trajectory of fate / comp., prepared. Texts, ill. N. Shklyaeva. - M.: House “All Russia”, 2004. - P. 639.
Kalashnikov M.T. In the whirlwind of my life. - 2008.
Kalashnikov M.T. Everything you need is simple. - 2009.

Notes

Kalashnikov on the website biograph.ru - www.biograph.ru/bank/kalashnikov.htm
1 2 Gennady KASHUBA With the blessing of Georgy ZHUKOV - www.redstar.ru/2009/11/03_11/1_13.html. Red Star (11/3/2009).
Fedorov V. G. The evolution of small arms - agronka.ru/. - M.: State Military Publishing House of the Narkozhat of Defense of the USSR, 1938. - 317 p.
A. A. Buldakova Life and work of the designer - www.slaviza.ru/texts/100-103.pdf (pdf). almanac “Business Glory of Russia”. Publishing house "Slavitsa".
1 2 3 Rasim Poloskin Kalashnikov. Man and Automaton - www.1tv.ru/documentary/fi=6287&fd=201008131050#. Channel One (2009). - documentary.
Georgy Alexandrov Mikhail Kalashnikov: “Everything you need is simple” - www.aif.ru/society/article/30717. AIF No. 46 dated November 11, 09. 1997–2009 JSC “Arguments and Facts” (11/10/2009).
The distinguished guests shot at Kalashnikovs - www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=230252
80th anniversary of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - www.sinopa.ee/kalashnikov/knovosti/knovosti2000/knovosti01/k0100n.htm
Publishing House "New Look" » Nikas Safronov: Times do not choose: - www.newlookmedia.ru/?p=14537
Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - megasword.ru/index.php?pg=1010
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EAT. Ushakova“I work by calling” Documents from the Central Children's Research Institute of the Udmurt Republic for the biography of M.T. Kalashnikov - www.rusarchives.ru/publication/kalashnikov.shtml. scientific and practical journal " Domestic archives» No. 1. "Archives of Russia" (2004).
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 30, 1982
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 5, 1994 No. 2061 “On awarding the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, II degree, to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=081941
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 7, 1998 No. 1202 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called Kalashnikov M. T.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=073529
Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus of November 24, 1999 No. 688 - press.bymedia.net/?mod=p_ind&NPID=45&No=281&Date=11/25/1999
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 2, 2004 No. 1389 “On awarding the Order of Military Merit to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=024791
To the public award - with respect! - www.mecenat100.ru/category.php?id=351
His Holiness Patriarch Alexy performed Divine Liturgy in the restored St. Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk - www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/276886.html
Mikhail Kalashnikov will receive the Order of Merit for the Altai Territory - www.udmpravda.ru/default/news?news=1237819716
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2009 No. 1258 “On awarding the title of Hero of the Russian Federation to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=055281
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 16, 1976
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 25, 1975
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 12, 1985
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 1994
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 7, 1993
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 13, 1950
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of January 31, 1980
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1948
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 18, 1957
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 26, 1967
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 28, 1978
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 24, 1988
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1947
Medal “For outstanding contribution to the development of collecting in Russia” - www.simvolika.org/nagradi005.htm. ROO "Academy of Russian Symbols "Mars"". - Official site.
Regulations on the competition for the Gold Medal named after V.G. Shukhova. Information about the Laureates. - www.rusea.h11.ru/1.html. Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering public associations (1990).
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 1998 No. 657 - en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru: Decree_of the President_of the Russian Federation_dated_6.06.1998_No_657
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1178 of October 5, 2003 - ns.informika.ru/text/new/ukaz1178.html
Suvorov award to a fellow countryman - pravdapskov.ru/news/1709.html
Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 30, 1997 No. 445-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/848/423868.html
Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 3, 1999 No. 420-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/848/423684.html
Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 2002 561-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M.T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/846/422527.html
Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 1, 2007 No. 473-rp - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=41360
Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 15, 1997 No. 1479-r “On awarding the Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation and a memorable gift to Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/811/405268.html
Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 10, 1999 No. 1826-r “On awarding the Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation to Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/804/401972.html
Kalashnikov became an honorary engineer of Kazakhstan - www.dayudm.ru/lenta.php?id=9640
Hugo Chavez presented Kalashnikov with the highest award of Venezuela - news.km.ru/ugo_chaves_peredal_kalashnikovu_

download
This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/09/11 14:56:46
Similar abstracts: Kalashnikov Ivan Timofeevich,

Born on November 10, 1919 in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory, in a large peasant family. Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883–1930). Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884–1957). Wife, Ekaterina Viktorovna Kalashnikova (1921–1977) - design technician, performed drawing work for Mikhail Timofeevich. Daughters: Nellie Mikhailovna (born 1942), Elena Mikhailovna (born 1948), Natalya Mikhailovna (1953–1983). Son - Viktor Mikhailovich (born 1942).

Until 1936, Mikhail Kalashnikov studied at school. After graduating from the 9th grade, he went to work as a technical secretary of the political department of the 3rd branch of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway.

In 1938, Mikhail's army life began. His emergency service took place in the Kiev Special Military District. First, he took a course as a tank driver, then he was sent to a tank regiment stationed in the city of Stryi.

And here the creative nature of Mikhail Kalashnikov already manifested itself. In particular, he created a recorder of the number of shots fired from a tank gun. It was then that I first met G.K. Zhukov. The commander of the troops of the Kyiv Special Military District presented the young inventor with a personalized watch.

A large opening opened up before Kalashnikov. creative path. But soon the Great Patriotic War began. And of course, he, a young tanker, could not help but end up at the front. However, in October 1941, his tank was hit by a fascist shell. Mikhail Kalashnikov was seriously wounded and seriously concussed.

But lying in a hospital bed for a long time, doing nothing, was not in his character. Kalashnikov was tormented by one thought: how to help the front? This thought brought him to the library and forced him to sit down at the drawing table. And as soon as he was granted recovery leave, he immediately went to Matai station, where he worked for some time before the war. There, with the help of friends, he made his first submachine gun.

Kalashnikov felt that something needed to be adjusted in his weapon, to achieve a higher accuracy of fire. However, when he presented his sample to the outstanding weapons scientist A. A. Blagonravov, he heard praise from him. Has begun new stage in the life of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, an as yet unrecognized designer.

Its first samples were never put into service. But they enriched him with considerable experience. And this experience, when the victorious 1945 year was already underway, inspired confidence in success. Kalashnikov began work on the creation of automatic weapons chambered for the 1943 model. He did not even imagine that he would be able to solve the problem relatively quickly: the new machine passed the very first tests.

In 1948 he was sent to Izhevsk. Then the young designer did not even think that he would “settle” in this city, which was still little known to him, that it would become dear to him. It is from here that, after a short time, the first batches of machine guns will go to the troops.

But he was attracted by another idea: how to create a self-loading carbine. He worked with unprecedented passion. I changed a lot along the way. In the end, the Kalashnikov self-loading carbine turned out to be both lighter in weight and more reliable in operation. In some ways it was even superior to the Simonov version of the same carbine.

During this period, military tests of the machine gun created by Mikhail Timofeevich were successfully completed. And then the decision was made to take it into service with the Soviet Army. The history of world small arms began new era- the era of automatic weapons. He, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, was the first to open this era. The AK-47 gave him a start in the weapons world and brought him fame such as no other designer on the planet had ever known. With the advent of such a powerful machine gun, the need for a self-loading carbine itself disappeared.

On September 1, 1949, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov joined the staff of the department of the chief designer of Izhmash. He still works there today. First of all deals further development AK-47. To this brainchild of Kalashnikov are added a 7.62-mm modernized AKM assault rifle and a modernized assault rifle with a folding stock - AKMS.

After the transition to a caliber of 5.45 millimeters, a large family of Kalashnikov assault rifles appeared - the shortened AKS-74U, AK-74 and AK-74M.

Mikhail Timofeevich is also known as a designer of machine guns. Among his designs are 7.62 mm light machine guns Kalashnikov RPK and RPKS - with a folding butt; 5.45-mm Kalashnikov light machine guns RPK-74 and RPKS-74 - with a folding stock. In total, the Kalashnikov design bureau created more than a hundred samples military weapons.

Kalashnikov also has another hobby - creating hunting weapons. His Saiga self-loading hunting carbines, designed on the basis of an assault rifle, have gained enormous popularity among hunting enthusiasts in our country and abroad. Among them are the smooth-bore Saiga model, the Saiga-410 self-loading carbine, and the Saiga-20S. More than a dozen modifications of carbines are still produced today.

M. T. Kalashnikov is a world-famous designer. The famous Israeli designer Uzi Gal stated very accurately when he once told Mikhail Timofeevich: “You are the most unrivaled and authoritative designer among us.”

The popularity of M. T. Kalashnikov is limitless. Once, the American philosopher and weapons specialist Edward Clinton Ezell sent a letter with the following address: “USSR. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov." Just like “to grandpa’s village.” And this message, of course, came through carefully, although there are thousands of Kalashnikovs in our country.

As for the main brainchild of the designer - the Kalashnikov assault rifle - it is recognized as the invention of the century. This assessment was given by the French newspaper Libération, which compiled a list of outstanding inventions of the 20th century - from aspirin to atomic bomb. According to foreign experts, by the beginning of 1996, from 70 to 100 million machine guns had been manufactured in the world. It is used in 55 countries around the world. It is depicted on the banners and coats of arms of some countries.

For the creation of the AK-47 assault rifle, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the Stalin (State) Prize of the first degree. Later, the AKM assault rifle and light machine gun RGS. For this work, the designer was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1964 he was awarded the Lenin Prize. After 34 years, M. T. Kalashnikov again became a laureate of the State Prize.

In 1976, Mikhail Timofeevich was awarded the second Gold Medal “Hammer and Sickle”. Among his awards are three Orders of Lenin, “For Services to the Fatherland” II degree, orders October revolution, Red Banner of Labor, Friendship of Peoples, Patriotic War I degree, Red Star, many medals. M. T. Kalashnikov is a holder of the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called.

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Honored Worker of Industry of the USSR, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Republic of Udmurtia. He is an honorary member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Missile and Artillery Sciences, the Russian Academy of Engineering, a full member of the Petrovsky Academy of Arts and Arts, the International Academy of Sciences, Industry, Education and Art of the USA, the International Academy of Informatization, the Union of Designers of Russia, and a number of other major scientific institutions; Honorary citizen of the Udmurt Republic, the city of Izhevsk, the village of Kurya, Altai Territory.

Mikhail Timofeevich is passionate classical music. He is a regular participant traditional days music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Loves poetry. Even at school I was interested in writing poetry. His pre-war poems were published in the newspaper of the Kyiv Special Military District "Red Army".

To view the presentation with pictures, design and slides, download its file and open it in PowerPoint on your computer.
Text content of presentation slides: Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov (born November 10, 1919, Kurya, Altai province) is an outstanding designer of small arms in the USSR and Russia, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1971), Lieutenant General (1999).
ppt_y
Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Hero of the Russian Federation, holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, member of the Union of Writers of Russia. Member of the CPSU since 1952, deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR (1950-1954). Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov is the only person awarded the title of Hero of Russia and twice the title of Hero of Socialist Labor at the same time.

style.rotation In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in a tank regiment in Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank gun, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank
style.rotation
He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and in October he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of creating my own model of automatic weapons.
ppt_y With the help of depot specialists, he created a prototype of his first model of a submachine gun. From Matai he was sent to Alma-Ata, where he produced a more advanced model in the training workshops of the Moscow Aviation Institute, which was evacuated to the capital of Kazakhstan. Later, the sample was presented to the head of the Military Engineering Academy named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky to A. A. Blagonravov - an outstanding scientist in the field of small arms.
Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic weapons chambered for the 7.62×39 intermediate cartridge of the 1943 model. The Kalashnikov assault rifle won the 1947 competition and was adopted for service. During development, he meets his future wife, Ekaterina Moiseeva, a draftsman at the Degtyarev Design Bureau.
In 1948, on the orders of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N.N. Voronov, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant for his author’s participation in the creation of technical documentation and organization of the production of the first experimental batch of his AK-47 assault rifle. By May 20, 1949, the task was completed: 1,500 machine guns manufactured at the Motozavod successfully passed military tests and were adopted by the Soviet Army.
Subsequently, at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, on the basis of the AK-47 design, under the personal supervision of Kalashnikov, dozens of prototypes of automatic small arms were developed, but Kalashnikov himself, due to frequent visits to the shooting range and range shooting, received hearing impairment, which could not be restored later even with the help of modern medicine
style.rotation
ppt_y Assault riflesAK 47AKMAK 74AK 74UAK 103
ppt_y
ppt_y
ppt_y
ppt_y
ppt_y Machine gunsRPKRPK 74

Lifetime monument to Mikhail Kalashnikov in Izhevsk.
ppt_y

Slide 2

Dossier
Biography
Childhood
War time
The Great Patriotic War
The first example of a machine gun
The beginning of the creation of AKM
Adoption of AKM into service
Production of AK 74
Awarding a doctorate
Professional growth
Last years life
Weapon modifications

Slide 3

Dossier

Full name: Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich.
Date of Birth: November 10, 1919.
Place of birth: s. Kurya, Altai province, RSFSR.
Date of death: December 23, 2013 (94 years old).
Type of troops: Armed forces Russian Federation. Years of service: 1938-2013.
Rank: Lieutenant General.
Battle: Great Patriotic War.

Slide 4

Biography

Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which eighteen children were born and eight survived.
Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).
Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).

Slide 5

Childhood

In 1930, the family of Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk region, the village of Nizhnyaya Makhovaya.
Since childhood, Mikhail Timofeevich was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and operating principles of various mechanisms.
At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature.

Slide 6

War time

In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in the 12th tank division in Stryi (Western Ukraine).
Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank.

Slide 7

The Great Patriotic War

He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and in October he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of creating my own model of automatic weapons.
He began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing his own impressions of the battles, the opinions of his comrades in arms, and the contents of the books in the hospital library.

Slide 8

The first example of a machine gun

In 1941, Mikhail Timofeevich created the first sample of a submachine gun.
In 1944, he created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle.

Slide 9

The beginning of the creation of AKM

Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic 7.62 mm weapons.

Slide 11

Production of AK 74

By May 20, 1949, 1,500 machine guns manufactured at the Motozavod had been produced, successfully passed military tests and were adopted by the Soviet Army.
In the same year, the creator of the machine gun was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree and the Order of the Red Star.

Slide 12

Awarding a doctorate

Slide 13

Professional growth

In 1969, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the military rank of colonel;
In 1994, the military rank of major general;
In 1999, the military rank of lieutenant general.

Slide 14

last years of life

In 2012, Mikhail Timofeevich’s health began to deteriorate due to his advanced age. In December he was hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center (RCDC) of Udmurtia for a routine examination. By the beginning of the summer of 2013, the designer’s condition worsened again. In Moscow, Mikhail Timofeevich was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov died on December 23, 2013. Shortly before his death, he was transferred to intensive care with a diagnosis of stomach bleeding.
Mikhail Timofeevich was buried at the Federal War Memorial Cemetery.

Slide 15