In what year did pioneering end? Children of class enemies

History of the All-Union Pioneer Organization

At the end of 1921, the Central Committee of the RKSM created a special commission to develop a program and principles for the activities of a new children's organization. Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya took direct part in the work of the commission. One of the ideologists of scouting I.N. Zhukov, who sought to embody the positive aspects of the scouting movement in the children's organization, proposed the motto “Be prepared!”

May 19, 1922- The 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.

October 1922- The 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments organized in different cities Russia, to the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak".

January 21, 1924- By the decision of the Komsomol Central Committee, the pioneer organization was named after V.I. Lenin.

March 1926 - Pioneer organization became known as the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V.I.Lenin.

The first pioneer detachments, uniting the children of workers and peasants, worked at Komsomol cells of factories, factories, and institutions; participated in community cleanups, helped in the fight against child homelessness and in eliminating illiteracy.

1923- Outposts and bases began to be created in schools - associations of pioneers of a given school, regardless of their place of residence. There were up to 75 thousand pioneers in the pioneer organization.

Late 1930s- The restructuring of the All-Union Pioneer Organization according to the so-called school principle has been completed: class - detachment, school - pioneer squad. Military and defense work began in pioneer groups; circles for young shooters, orderlies, and signalmen were created, and military sports games were held.

1941-1945- A massive Timur movement has unfolded throughout the country, the emergence of which is associated with the name of the writer Arkady Gaidar and his story “Timur and His Team.”

Young pioneers helped the families of front-line soldiers, collected medicinal herbs, scrap metal, funds for tank columns, were on duty in hospitals, worked in the harvest. For the courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, pioneers Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union, thousands of pioneers were awarded orders and medals.

1962- All-Union Pioneer Organization for great job on communist education of children and in connection with the 40th anniversary she was awarded the Order of Lenin.

1970- In the World Pioneer Organization there were over 118 thousand squads, uniting 23 million pioneers. Over the entire existence of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, more than 210 million people have been in its ranks.

After “perestroika,” the All-Union Pioneer Organization abandoned its political overtones, adopting a new motto: “For the Motherland, goodness and justice.”

Mid 1980s- Attempts were made to reform the pioneer organization, but a children's and youth organization was not created on the same scale.

October 1990- The successor to the pioneer organization - "Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Unions" - an international voluntary independent union uniting children's public organizations, associations and others public associations, educated with the participation of children and in their interests.

The Union of Pioneer Organizations was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in 1992 as a non-governmental public organization, independent of political parties and movements.

Symbols and rituals in the pioneer organization

Pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a piece of the banner of the pioneer organization. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members, and pioneers. The tie was tied with a special knot. The chairman of the squad had a red tie with a yellow border. In the pre-war years, one of the attributes of the pioneer uniform was a special clip that fastened the ends of the pioneer tie. This attribute was desirable, but not required. The symbolism of the clamp is interesting. Five logs of fire mean five continents. Three flames - Comintern (3rd International). The disappearance of clamps from use in the post-war years has several reasons. First of all, this is the dissolution of the Comintern itself, in the flames of which the logs of the continents burn (accordingly, the symbolism lost its meaning). This was also facilitated by the mass psychosis that engulfed the broad masses of pioneers in the late thirties. It suddenly seemed to someone that in the flames of a fire, upon careful examination, one could find everything - from a Nazi swastika to Trotsky’s profile.

Pioneer badge was described in the Regulations on children's communist groups named after Spartak (the old name of the pioneers) dated August 28, 1923: the red waving flag depicts a hammer and sickle, a burning fire, and the motto “Be prepared!”
On December 14, 1925, a second version of the badge appeared (Lenin’s Mausoleum was added to it). In 1927, an image of Lenin appeared on the badge. In 1934, the badge was changed again - the motto changed to "Always ready!" In September 1942, the badge took the form of a five-pointed star, with a fire in the center and the motto “Always ready!” In 1944, instead of a fire, a hammer and sickle appeared in the center of the star, and three flames began to be depicted above the star. In 1962, the last example of the badge was adopted: in the center of the five-pointed star is Lenin’s profile, below it is the motto “Always Ready!”, and above the star there are three tongues of flame. There were pioneer squad badges - red with the image of a pioneer badge.

Firework- greeting the pioneers. A hand raised just above his head demonstrated that the pioneer put public interests above personal interests.

The pioneer gave a salute while in and out of formation: during the performance of the “Internationale”, the Anthem of the Soviet Union and the anthems of the union republics, when responding to the pioneer motto, at the command “Align to the banner!”, “Align to the flag!”, at the Mausoleum, at the monuments to V.I. Lenin and monuments and obelisks to fallen heroes. When submitting a report, when changing the guard at the banner, when declaring gratitude before the formation, awarding, when receiving the Red Banner, squad flag or pioneer attributes, welcoming the military and pioneer formation. At the parade, line, passing by the stands, the pioneers carried out the command “Attention!” with alignment to the right or left. During the greeting of the leaders of the pioneer organization, the honorary pioneers, the salute was given only by the senior counselor leading the column, the chairman of the squad council, squad leaders, chairmen of squad councils, and assistants at the banner.

Pioneer Banner- a red banner on which the pioneer badge and the motto “Be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!” were depicted. Two Orders of Lenin were pinned to the main banner of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. Even the pioneer detachments had banners (on household level this is a school class) - red with a pioneer badge, squad number and honorary name of the squad.

Squad flag was a symbol of honor and cohesion of the pioneers, a sign of their belonging to a specific pioneer group. With the detachment flag, the pioneers went out to training camps, parades, holidays, hikes, excursions, and work activities. On the march, the flag leader walked directly behind the leader and the chairman of the detachment council, ahead of the bugler and drummer. At a Sunday or tourist stop, the flag was installed or fixed in a visible place.

Flag had to be able to carry out the following commands: “Be equal!”, “At attention!”, “At ease!”, “March!” The flag was stored in the pioneer room next to the squad banner. Horns and drums were usually kept here.
The names pioneer bugle and drum appeared almost simultaneously with the word “pioneer”. The history of these musical instruments is as great as the history of mankind. But there is more to it than just musical instruments. The sounds of the bugle and drum are a call to the pioneers, to their unity, to their activities aimed at protecting the Motherland, serving good, and seeking and establishing justice.

Horn called the pioneers with the signals: “Listen, everyone,” “Gathering,” “To the banner,” “March,” “To the line,” “Alarm,” and some others. The detachment's bugler - this was a responsible pioneer assignment, he had to be able to carry out drill techniques with a bugle and give signals: “Listen everyone”, “Gathering”, “To the banner”, “March”, “To the line”, “Alarm” and some others. On the pioneer line, the place of the bugler was on the right flank of the formation next to the drummer, in the column of the detachment - behind the flag.

Drum accompanied the formation during campaigns, processions, and parades. The drummer of the detachment (he, like the bugler, was elected by the assembly or council of the detachment) had to be able to perform drill techniques, perform the “March”, “Fraction”.

All these symbols and rituals were borrowed by the organizers from scouting, as well as the division into groups, the institute of counselors, gatherings around the fire, elements of symbolism (for example, in the pioneer badge, three flames of a fire replaced the three petals of a scout badge, 3 ends of a tie began to mean 3 generations - pioneers, Komsomol members and communists, etc.).

Oath was pronounced by everyone joining the ranks of the organization.

It sounded like this: “I, I.F., joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, in the face of my comrades, solemnly swear: to passionately love my Motherland; live, study and fight as the great Lenin bequeathed, as he teaches Communist Party; Always follow the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union."
"Be ready!"
"Always ready!"

Law of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union All pioneers had to know it by heart.
The pioneer is devoted to the Motherland, the party, and communism.
A pioneer is preparing to become a Komsomol member.
The pioneer looks up to the heroes of struggle and labor.
The pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and prepares to become a defender of the Fatherland.
A pioneer is the best in studies, work and sports.
Pioneer - honest and faithful comrade, always boldly standing for the truth.
Pioneer - comrade and leader of the October.
A pioneer is a friend to pioneers and the children of workers of all countries.

On May 19, 1922, 90 years ago, the first pioneer organization was created, since 1926 called the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin

After October revolution Children's organizations, groups and associations began to emerge in many cities of the Soviet Union. The Communist Party instructed the Komsomol to create a unified children's communist organization.

On May 19, 1922, the Second All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere. And in October of the same year, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments organized in different cities of the USSR into the children's communist organization “Young Pioneers named after Spartak”.

In 1924, the pioneer organization was named after V.I. Lenin. And after the VIIth Komsomol Congress in 1926, at which a resolution was adopted to rename the RKSM into the Komsomol, the pioneer organization began to be called the “All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.”

The purpose of the pioneer organization is:

Preparing children school age to joining the Komsomol, and then into the ranks of the Communist Party.

In the early 1930s, pioneer associations began to be created in schools. The All-Union Pioneer organization was built on the so-called school principle: class - detachment, school - pioneer squad.

The first pioneer detachments worked at Komsomol cells of factories, factories, institutions, participated in community cleanups, helped in the fight against child homelessness and in eliminating illiteracy.

During the Great Patriotic War a mass Timur movement was organized, which also included the duties of its members:

providing assistance to the families of front-line soldiers;

Cathedral medicinal plants and herbs;

scrap metal collection;

organizing fundraising for military equipment for the front;

duty in hospitals and nursing homes;

participation in harvesting;

organization of amateur performances for military personnel and civilians.

The organizer of this area of pioneering activity was famous writer Arkady Petrovich Gaidar. His works: “Chuk and Gek”, “RVS”, “Blue Cup”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, “Timur and His Team” raised more than one generation of children and teenagers in the spirit of patriotism and selfless service to the Motherland.

Pioneers-Heroes of the Soviet Union

Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. We studied, helped our elders, played, ran, jumped, and hurt our knees. Only their relatives, classmates and friends knew their names.

The hour of testing has come and the little pranksters and mischief-makers showed the whole world how concentrated the sacred fiery love for the Motherland is in a small child’s heart. At first glance, boys and girls. On their fragile shoulders the war laid the whole burden of adversity, childish trials, misfortune and grief of the hard times of war. But the pioneer eaglets did not bend under this weight, they began stronger in spirit, more courageous, more resilient.

Little heroes of the big war! Their matured childhood was filled with such trials that even the most talented writer could hardly imagine. But it was. It happened in the history of our great country, it happened in the destinies of its little Soviet children - ordinary boys and girls.

Valya Kotik Together with my friends I decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battle site, which the partisans then transported to the detachment on a cart of hay. He tracked the location of enemy posts and the order of changing the guard. He is responsible for six enemy trains blown up on the way to the front.

Marat Kazei. His mother was captured for her connection with the partisans and subsequently hanged by the Nazis. He went to the partisans. Fought before last cartridge, and when he only had one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up... and himself.

Zina Portnova participated in operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on instructions from a partisan detachment. In December 1943, the young pioneer was brutally tortured by the Nazis, but before last minute remained persistent, courageous, unbending.

Lenya Golikov. There was a battle in his life that Lenya fought one on one with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy hit a car. A Nazi man got out of it with a briefcase in his hands. Lenya pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The briefcase contained very important documents.

All four were awarded high rank Heroes of the Soviet Union posthumously...

The most important pioneer attributes are the squad banner, squad flags, bugle and drum, which accompanied all the solemn pioneer rituals.

Pioneer uniform in common days coincided with school uniform, complemented by pioneer symbols - a red tie and a pioneer badge. On special occasions (holidays, greetings at party and Komsomol forums, meetings of foreign delegations, etc.) it was worn dress uniform. They proudly wore a red tie on their chest - a piece of the red battle flag. The pioneer tie has three ends - this is a symbol of the unity of the party, the Komsomol and the pioneers.

The pioneer organization accepted children aged 9 to 14 years. Admission was carried out individually, by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment or squad.

Those who joined the pioneer organization at the pioneer line made a solemn promise to be a pioneer of the Soviet Union. Pioneers were received in a solemn atmosphere. As a rule, during Soviet holidays, most often on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.

“I (Name, Surname), joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, in front of my comrades, solemnly promise: to passionately love my Motherland. Live, study and fight, as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches. It is sacred to observe the Laws of Pioneerism of the Soviet Union."

The goal of the pioneer organization is to educate young fighters for the cause of the Communist Party. It is expressed in the motto of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

On call:

“Pioneer, be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party!”

The answer follows:

"Always ready!"

Laws of Young Pioneers:

The pioneer is devoted to the Motherland, the party, and the ideas of social justice;

The pioneer is preparing to become a Komsomol member;

The pioneer looks up to the heroes of struggle and labor;

The pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and prepares to become a defender of the Fatherland;

The pioneer is the best in studies, work and sports;

A pioneer is an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly standing for the truth;

Pioneer - comrade and leader of the Octobrists;

A pioneer is a friend to pioneers and the children of workers of all countries;

The anthem of the pioneer organization is considered to be “March of Young Pioneers” - a Soviet pioneer song written in 1922 by two Komsomol members - pianist Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin and poet Alexander Zharov

Pioneerism in Ukraine

July 21, 2004 All-Ukrainian Pioneer Organization named after. V.I. Lenin was registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.

As in the old days, the senior mentor, assistant and organizer of the resurgent pioneer movement, is the Lenin Komsomol.

Since 1993, a lot of organizational work has been done to revive the pioneer organization.

Today there are 22 all-Ukrainian children's public organizations in Ukraine. The main difference between the pioneers is the ideological, organizational and symbolic similarity with the Soviet pioneers, which makes it possible to declare that the VPO named after. V.I. Lenin is the ideological successor and continuer of the pioneer movement of Ukraine.

Pioneerism goes through a difficult path of formation and revival.

An undeniably significant event was the holding of the 1st All-Ukrainian gathering of regional pioneer organizations in Kherson in 2010, which was attended by representatives of 15 regions of the country.

During work, the guys independently finalized and accepted the Pioneer Laws, the oath, and became acquainted with the main pioneer traditions and organizational details during events.

Today, regional pioneer organizations are registered and operating in the Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Volyn, Vinnitsa, Ivano-Frankivsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, and Kirovograd regions.

Organizations in Nikolaev, Kherson, Chernigov, Lugansk, Kharkov, Poltava, Cherkassy regions, and Sevastopol have enormous achievements.

Traditionally, in most regional centers and cities on May 19, ceremonial pioneer events are held, new additions are accepted into the ranks.

The children’s eyes light up, and ringing voices chant “Be ready! - Always ready!".

The fact that today new members are joining the Pioneer organization, ready for struggle and work, speaks of the relevance and need to restore the Pioneer organization, gives it incorruptible simplicity and strength.

Press service of Zaporozhye OK LKSMU

Today, the history of the USSR is beginning to attract more and more interest. Some are trying to find negative aspects in it, others are positive. In this article we talk about the history of the pioneer organization, which in our time causes heated discussions. Especially when questions arise about what to do with children or why current generation grew up so irresponsible. There will be no talk about how useful or harmful this organization was; you must draw these conclusions for yourself independently.

The origins of the pioneer movement

Surprisingly, the roots of this seemingly purely communist movement go back to scouting. Few people know that by 1917, many children’s scout associations had been formed in Russia. In total, this organization had about 50 thousand participants. On the eve of the Civil War, scouts provided various social assistance, were organizers of children's police units, organized searches for street children.

When Soviet power came to power, scout movement began to disintegrate in directions depending on the territory where it is located. For example, associations arose in Kazan and Petrograd “ Forest brothers", and Moscow society was built on the principles of Baden-Powell. Also, a movement of “Yukism” arose, i.e. “young communists”. They tried to combine communist ideology with the principles of scoutism. The founder of the Yukist movement was party functionary Vera Bonch-Bruevich. But in 1919, at the congress of the RKSM, they decided to disband all scout troops.

Krupskaya's proposal

From this moment begins the history of the pioneer organization in the form in which it is remembered. So, after the ban on scout troops, there was an acute shortage of organizations working with children. The idea was first formulated by N.K. Krupskaya, who gave a report in November 1921 called “On Boy Scoutism.” Soon this speech was published in the form of a small brochure, which spoke about what was needed in as soon as possible to create a children's organization that would be “scouting in form and communist in content.”

At first, Komsomol leaders, who had a negative perception of scouting, were wary of this proposal. After all, by joining the ranks of such people, they essentially preserved a tradition established under tsarism, which could not but cause concern. However, everything changed when, after Krupskaya’s next speech, a special commission was formed. At it, I. Zhukov presented his report, which was positively assessed by members of the Bureau. Immediately after this, a discussion began on the organizational side of the matter.

At the very beginning of 1922, a proposal was put forward for consideration by the commission to include children in scout organizations, and not Komsomol members, as originally proposed. At the same time, I. Zhukov proposed calling the new organization “pioneer.” He borrowed the name itself from Seton-Thompson. In addition, the pioneer organization took a lot from scouting. For example, game uniform training, organization into groups, managing children with the help of counselors, elements of symbolism, gatherings around the fire. Even the motto “Be prepared!” is not original.

First groups

February 2, 1922 was made next step on the path of development of the history of the pioneer organization. It was on this day in regional centers letters were sent out from the Central Committee bureau about the creation of a children's group under the Komsomol cell. A special bureau had already been created, which included Valery Zorin, a former scoutmaster. It was he who organized the first children's group in one of the boarding schools in Zamoskvorechye. The detachment was called “Young Scouts,” but it did not last long. And soon Zorin took up organizing children at the Kauchuk plant.

In parallel with Zorin, Mikhail Stremyakov, another scoutmaster, began working in the same direction. He organized groups at the factory apprenticeship school at the former Mashistov printing house. Usually this children's group is called the first pioneer detachment. In April, “Drum”, the first pioneer magazine, and then “Pionerskaya Pravda” began to be published there.

On March 2, a bureau of children's groups was created, whose task was to develop a charter. It was considered and adopted at the II All-Russian Komsomol Conference on May 19. Pioneer Organization Day - this is what this date will later be called. The conference not only agreed on the charter, but also decided to begin the widespread dissemination of pioneer organizations. After this, a special bureau was created to work with children, which included seven people. Among them were I. Zhukov, as well as Krupskaya, in the role of observer from the party, and Lunacharsky as an observer from the government.

Ubiquitous distribution and choice of name

From this moment on, pioneer detachments began to actively form throughout the country. At the same time, pioneer symbols are being spread and created. It was in 1922 that the text of one of the most famous pioneer songs was composed - “Raise the fires, blue nights.” In Petrograd, the first children's group appeared only on December 3. It was organized by Komsomol member Sergei Margo. The first four pioneer detachments were created from Russian groups young scouts.

In October, at the next congress of the RKSM, a decision was made to unite all pioneer detachments into single organization, which was given the name “Young Pioneers named after Spartak”. On the day of Lenin's death, the organization was named after the leader. In 1926, a special decree was issued, which indicated the new name of the children's association, which remained until last days his existence. It sounded like “All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V.I. Lenin."

Pioneers during WWII

The year of the formation of the pioneer organization became the year of the beginning of a new era in the lives of many children. After 1922, being a pioneer became as honorable as being a Komsomol member. Yes, and later it became almost impossible to become a Komsomol member without having been a pioneer.

Gradually the pioneer organization became inseparable from social life countries. It is not surprising that during the terrible disaster that befell the entire Soviet Union, she did not stand aside.

From the moment the start of the war was announced, the pioneers tried in everything to keep up with the adults and help fight the enemy not only in the rear, but also at the front. Many children joined the underground and partisan detachments. The pioneers became cabin boys on warships, scouts, helped hide the wounded from enemy soldiers, and brought provisions to partisans hiding in the forests. Children were rarely taken seriously, so it was easier for them to sneak through or find out secret information.

However, the combat mission did not always end well for the children. Thus, four children were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - Zina, Portnova, Lenya Golikov, Valya Kotikov and Marat Kazei.

After the end of the war, all the names of the dead children were included in the official list of those who received the title of pioneer heroes.

Post-war stage

History of the pioneer organization in the after war time as difficult as the history of the entire country. It was necessary to restore what had been destroyed, and here there was great importance even children's help. City children collected scrap metal and waste paper and planted green spaces. Rural pioneer detachments had a more difficult task - they raised small domestic animals, such as birds and rabbits. The best of the little workers were awarded various orders. Children also took part in the harvest and went to work at the factory. In general, wherever there were not enough hands, pioneers were hired. Huge number healthy men died in the war, so there was no way to refuse any help. Moreover, children, realizing the need, worked equally with adults, trying not to yield to them in anything.

Now this seems inhumane, but at that time the pioneers themselves wanted to help. Nobody forced the children to work. Many took on the hard work themselves.

Later years

In 1953, the pioneers of the USSR were almost renamed. After Stalin's death, many suggested adding to the name of the organization. And if earlier the All-Union Pioneer Organization was only named after Lenin, now proposals were made to add the recently deceased leader here. However, after the exposure of Stalin's personality cult, this issue was completely settled, and the organization was never renamed.

Since 1955, a tradition has emerged of including the names of outstanding children in a special book of honor. In 1958 she underwent small change organization structure. From this year, three levels of development were introduced, at each of which the child received a special badge. To reach the next stage, the pioneer had to engage in a special individual program. At the same time, all the pioneer work was combined into a two-year plan, which was aimed at helping the elders in fulfilling their seven-year plan.

In 1962, the image was changed - Lenin's profile was added to it. This was a sign that the state recognized the enormous merits of the pioneer organization. The event was caused by the presentation of the Order of Lenin to the All-Union Pioneer Organization for success in the socialist education of adolescents. Ten years later, in 1972, the children's organization was again awarded the same high award.

By this time, more than 23 million children throughout the Soviet Union were Pioneers.

Cease to exist

The pioneer organization underwent its first changes during the period of perestroika and the beginning of liberal reforms. At this time, I.N. Nikitin, chairman of the Central Union of Pioneer Organizations, proposed changes to the pioneer structure in order to democratize it. And already on October 1, 1990, at the 10th All-Union Pioneer Rally, which took place in Artek, the children's organization was renamed SPO-FDO (Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Organizations). E. E. Chepurnykh was appointed chairman of the new institution. However, he could not independently make changes and reorganize SPO-FDO. The fact is that he still remained a member of the Komsomol Central Committee. Therefore, no fundamental changes were made.

After the ban of the CPSU, proclaimed in September 1991, an extraordinary congress of the Komsomol was held, at which it was announced that the historical role of the Komsomol had been exhausted, the Komsomol organization was dissolved, and the All-Union Pioneer Organization ceased to exist. From this day on, May 19, the day of the pioneer organization, was no longer considered a holiday. Fundamental changes occurred in the country, which led to the collapse of many government institutions.

After the final collapse of the USSR, the property of the pioneer organization was confiscated. All the Palaces of Pioneers in the region were repurposed and became “Houses of Children and Youth Creativity”. Most of the pioneer camps ended up in the hands of private owners, who turned them into boarding houses and camp sites. Only a small part of them retained the status of a children's health camp.

What did the pioneers do?

The activities of the pioneer organization have always been aimed at helping the Komsomol and adults. But these were not always peaceful actions. In the early 30s, they decided to involve the pioneers in the fight against opponents Soviet power. This was positioned as the civic duty of every person loyal to the Soviets, including children. Pavlik Morozov was chosen as a model for all pioneers. According to the official version, he reported to the authorities against his own father, who helped the kulaks, and then opposed him in court. For this, Pavlik was killed by his father.

After this tense time, the fight against anti-Sovietism took on an ideological and propaganda character.

However, the pioneers were engaged not only in ideological education. It is also their responsibility to different time included:

Collection of scrap metal and waste paper.
Participation in the formation and song review.
Participation in
Participation in all-Union sports competitions “Leather Ball”, “Golden Puck”.
Carrying out the sports and military “Zarnitsa”.
Team ball games “Pioneerball” and “Sniper”.
Joined the ranks of young assistant inspectors traffic, as well as in youth voluntary fire brigades.
They organized the “Green Patrol” (engaged in the protection of forests), the “Blue Patrol” (engaged in the protection of water resources).
Classes in sports sections and clubs.
Raising service dogs and horses.

Admission procedure

The pioneers accepted children from 9 to 14 years old. Officially, this happened on a voluntary basis. Reception was carried out individually, by voting at the general council of the pioneer detachment. Those who joined the organization took the pioneer oath at the line, then they tied a red tie on him and presented him with a pioneer badge. Usually the ceremony took place in places of historical and revolutionary memory during communist holidays. For example, at the monuments to Lenin on April 22.

The solemn promise, or oath of the pioneer, had a regulated text, which was learned by heart by those entering. During the existence of the organization, amendments to this oath were made only a few times and were always agreed upon with the party. While taking the oath, the pioneer said his name and swore, joining the ranks of the pioneer organization, “in the face of his comrades” to love his homeland, live according to Lenin’s behests and observe the Laws of the pioneer organization.

Charter

The charter of the pioneer organization, also known as the pioneer law, had to be observed unquestioningly. It was not particularly long and could easily be learned by heart. According to the charter, the pioneer had to:

Be devoted to communism, the party and the Motherland.
Prepare to join the Komsomol.
Look up to the heroes of labor and struggle.
Honor the fallen soldiers and be ready to become the defender of the Motherland yourself.
To be the best in work, sports and studies.
Be a loyal and honest comrade who always defends the truth.
To be a counselor and comrade of the October students.

Hymn

The anthem of the pioneer organization was the “March of Young Pioneers.” This Soviet song was written specifically for the pioneers in 1922. The authors of the march were poet and pianist Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin. Some lines from this song are familiar even to those who have never joined the pioneers. For example, “Raise your fires, blue nights. We are pioneers - children of workers!”

In May 1922, after Krupskaya’s speech at a meeting of the Central Committee, Zharov was given the task: to come up with a song in two weeks that could become the anthem of a new children’s organization. Zharov turned to D. Furmanov for advice, who advised him to take some existing composition as a basis. At the same time in " Bolshoi Theater“The opera “Faust” was on. At the performance, Zharov heard “March of the Soldiers,” which became the basis of the revolutionary composition.

Symbolism

Like any ideological organization, this one also had its own attributes. The symbols of the pioneer organization were intended to inspire respect, as did those who were members of it. These included:

Pioneer tie- personified part of the pioneer banner and was a mandatory part of the uniform. The three ends of the tie denoted a strong connection between 3 generations, i.e. communists, then Komsomol members, and then pioneers. This item was tied with a special knot. Representatives of the squad had a yellow mark on their red tie. In pre-war times, the ends of the tie were often secured with a special clip. It was made in the form of a fire, the five logs of which represented the five continents, and the three flames represented the Third International. The disappearance of the clamp was due, firstly, to the dissolution of the Comintern, and secondly, to the fact that one of the heads of the Central Committee saw in it a similarity with Nazi symbols.
Icon- was also a mandatory symbol of pioneer organizations at school. The shape and type of the badge were described in the special Regulations on children's organizations. Throughout the history of the institution, they have changed several times.
Pioneer Banner- was a red canvas with the image of a pioneer sign and motto. Not only the pioneer detachments had banners, but also school classes.
Squad flag- personified the honor and cohesion of the guys, served to indicate belonging to some kind of pioneer group. With this banner, children went to parades, parades, training camps, excursions, hikes and even work activities. He carried the flag cloth, who walked behind the counselor in front of the drummer and bugler.
Horn- without this attribute it is impossible to imagine pioneer life. This musical instrument served to provide various signals. The position of bugler was very honorable; the most responsible and trusted guys were appointed to it. He walked immediately behind the flag.
Drum- the second most important musical instrument of the pioneers. It was necessary during processions, campaigns and parades. The drummer performed rolls and marches, and also helped perform basic drill techniques.

Pioneer organization awards

Pioneers could receive the following insignia:

“Million to the Motherland” - awarded for success in collecting scrap metal.
“Young Pathfinder” - awarded to those who could navigate the terrain.
In addition, there were many medals of various award badges for winning various sporting events.

Pioneers of the USSR often received insignia and awards common to all Soviet people, for example, the Order of the Red Banner. Unfortunately, during wartime, many such medals were awarded to the guys posthumously.

In the fall of 1918, a children's organization of young communists (YuKov) was created, but a year later it was dissolved. In November 1921, a decision was made to create an all-Russian children's organization. Children's groups operated in Moscow for several months; during the experiment, they developed pioneer symbols and attributes, the name is accepted new organization- detachments of young pioneers named after Spartak. On May 7, 1922, the first pioneer bonfire was held in the Sokolnichesky Forest in Moscow.

In the Soviet Union, the Day of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin, or, more simply, Pioneer Day, was officially celebrated on May 19. It was on this day in 1922 that the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere. The social hierarchy: October - pioneer - Komsomol member, was aimed at creating an internal ideological core in Soviet children and adolescents, the desire to grow and improve. The pioneer organization taught children how to live in a socialist society and how to coexist with their peers. Now many citizens see shortcomings in this approach to educating young people, they say, ideological clouding of the brain, which made puppets out of people. Even so, at that time the level of drug addiction and crime among young people was extremely low compared to our time. After the collapse of the USSR, Pioneer Day ceased to be an official holiday. Today Pioneer Day is unofficially celebrated by some children's organizations and companies involved in organizing children's leisure. And there will always be people who remember their young pioneer years with pleasure.

Which of the Soviet pioneers does not remember the excitement with which they were preparing to join the ranks of a mass socio-political organization? How were scarlet ties tied to the sounds of bugles and drums? How, for the first time in our lives, did we solemnly swear allegiance to the cause of Lenin and the Communist Party? The Soviet country spared nothing for the young. Beautiful Pioneer Palaces and children's camps were built. The very activity of children's communist organizations in the USSR and other socialist countries was on such a serious scale that it even surpassed in importance its “bourgeois” prototype and analogue - the scout movement. The pioneer movement differed from it in significant aspects: the system was of an all-encompassing state nature and aimed at the ideological education of children as citizens fully devoted to the Communist Party and the state. It should be noted that, as the movement evolved, the role of the scouting heritage in it declined (which can be clearly seen in the evolution of the pioneer camp from the type of sports and tourist tent camp to the type of sanatorium complex). Among the particular differences is the absence of separate organizations for boys and girls. Until 1924, the pioneer organization bore the name of Spartak, and after Lenin’s death it received his name.

"Be ready!"

"Always ready!"

Pioneer oath
I, I.F., joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, in the face of my comrades, solemnly swear: to passionately love my Motherland; live, study and fight as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches; Always follow the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union."
"Be ready!"
"Always ready!" Note. Until 1986 it was: “...to passionately love your Motherland, to live, study and fight, as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, to always fulfill the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.”

1922 edition
I promise with my word of honor that I will be loyal to the working class, I will help my fellow workers every day, I know the laws of the pioneers and will obey them.

1923 edition
I, a young pioneer of the USSR, in the face of my comrades, solemnly promise that

1) I will firmly stand for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of workers and peasants throughout the world.
2) I will honestly and steadily comply with the laws and customs of young pioneers.

1924 edition
I, a young pioneer of the USSR, in the face of my comrades, solemnly promise that I will firmly stand for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of workers and peasants of the whole world. I will honestly and steadily fulfill Ilyich’s behests, the laws and customs of the young pioneers.

1928 edition
I, a young pioneer of the USSR, in the face of my comrades, solemnly promise that: 1) I will firmly stand for the cause of the working class in its struggle for the liberation of the working people of the whole world. 2) I will honestly and steadily fulfill Ilyich’s behests - Laws of UP Laws of Young Pioneers - a set of basic rules for the life and activities of a member of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V. I. Lenin. The goals and objectives of the children's communist organization, the basic principles of communist morality, and moral and ethical standards of behavior for young pioneers are set out in a form that is imaginative and understandable to children.

For the first time, the Laws of Young Pioneers, developed by the commission of the Central Committee of the RKSM with the participation of N.K. Krupskaya, were approved by the 5th Congress of the RKSM in October 1922. In the Laws of Young Pioneers, it was highlighted as one of the main laws - “I will always strive, wherever possible, to obtain knowledge in order to use it for the benefit of the working people.”

The changes that occurred during the years of socialist construction in the conditions of activity of the pioneer organization, the deepening of the content and improvement of the forms and methods of its work were reflected in the new text of the Laws of Young Pioneers, approved in 1957 by the 8th plenum of the Komsomol Central Committee.

Laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union

The pioneer is devoted to the Motherland, the party, and communism.
A pioneer is preparing to become a Komsomol member.
The pioneer looks up to the heroes of struggle and labor.
The pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and prepares to become a defender of the Fatherland.
A pioneer is the best in studies, work and sports.
The pioneer is disciplined.
A pioneer is an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly standing for the truth.
Pioneer - comrade and leader of the October.
A pioneer is a friend to pioneers and the children of workers of all countries.
The pioneer is honest and truthful. His word is like granite.

Pioneer customs.

The pioneer does not lie in bed in the morning, but gets up straight away, like a good-for-nothing.
Pioneers make their beds with their own hands, not with someone else’s hands.
Pioneers wash thoroughly, not forgetting to wash their necks and ears, brush their teeth and remember that teeth are friends of the stomach.
Pioneers are precise and accurate.
Pioneers stand and sit straight, without hunching.
Pioneers are not afraid to offer their services to people. Pioneers do not smoke; a smoking pioneer is no longer a pioneer.
Pioneers don't keep their hands in their pockets; Those who keep their hands in their pockets are not always ready.
Pioneers protect useful animals.
Pioneers always remember their customs and laws.

Pioneer anthem

Music: S. Dyoshkin Words: A. Zharov

We, the pioneers, are the children of workers.

Chorus (after each verse):
The time is approaching /aut:era/
Happy years,
Pioneer's cry -
"Always be prepared!"

With a joyful step, with a cheerful song,
We stand for the Komsomol.

We raise the red /aut:scarlet/ banner,
Children of workers, boldly follow us!

Together we will ring out a distant song
For the pioneers of the world family

Raise your bonfires, blue nights!
We, the pioneers, are the children of workers.

1922
Signals and marches of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V. I. Lenin (Parts 1, 2)

Genre: signals and marches
Year of disc release: 1983
Disc manufacturer: USSR
Audio bitrate: 320 kbps
Duration: 00:16:11

I Signals 1. Introduction - 00:00:35 2. Attention! Listen up everyone! - 00:00:37 3. Get up! - 00:00:28 4. For lunch - 00:00:23 5. To class - 00:00:27 6. Gathering of pioneer counselors - 00:00:14 7. Bedtime - 00:00:47	II Squad line 8. Signal "Gathering" - 00:00:40 9. March "Solemn carrying out of the banner" - 00:00:23 10. Ascent and descent State flag USSR - 00:00:29 11. Soar with fires, blue nights! 12. Grand opening - 00:00:21 13. Minute of silence - 00:00:51
III Marches to accompany pioneer system 14. Solemn greeting - 00:00:36 15. Pioneer touch - 00:00:17 16. Pioneer March - 00:00:53 17. Counter march - 00:00:28 18. Ringing march - 00:00:32 19. Guard march - 00:00:22 20. Pioneer March - 00:00:43	IV Pioneer Signals military sports game "Zarnitsa" 21. Signal "Zarya" - 00:01:04 22. Alarm signal - 00:00:30 23. Air raid signal - 00:00:13 24. Alarm clear signal - 00:00:21

Symbols of the pioneer organization

Regulations on the symbols, attributes and rituals of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. IN AND. Lenin provides for use in educational work state symbols established by the Constitution of the USSR. The pioneer organization instills in children and adolescents deep respect for the Coat of Arms, Flag, and Anthem of the USSR, as well as for the Coat of Arms, Flag, and Anthem of the Union Republic. These state symbols represent heroic story, the power and greatness of the socialist Fatherland.

The educational purpose of the symbols of the pioneer organization, the importance of using state symbols in its work lies, first of all, in explaining to them in a specific, bright, imaginative, emotional and understandable form for children:

The idea of revolutionary continuity of generations of communists - Komsomol members - pioneers, loyalty of the younger generation to revolutionary, combat and labor traditions Soviet people, readiness to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union;
the socio-political meaning of the activities of the communist organization of children and adolescents;
the importance of the pioneer organization as a replacement and reserve for the Leninist Komsomol;
the need to strengthen the unity of members of the pioneer organization.

The symbolism of the pioneer organization was distinguished by the following ideological and political orientations:

The deep ideological and political content of each symbol, an inextricable connection with communist ideas;
concreteness and accuracy of expression of the ideological and political content of certain communist ideas;
brightness and emotional appeal external form symbol;
simplicity and accessibility of the disclosure of political concepts that are difficult for children.

Red banner and red flag. The Communist Party and Komsomol entrusted pioneer organizations and squads with the right to have the Red Banner, and the detachment - the red pioneer flag. These were symbols of the loyalty of the younger generation to the cause of the October Revolution, the cause of the Communist Party, a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland, honor and unity of the pioneers.

On the Red Banner of the All-Union Pioneer Organization there are two Orders of Lenin and the Commemorative Ribbon of the Komsomol Central Committee. The first Order of Lenin was awarded to the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. IN AND. Lenina was awarded on May 17, 1962 in connection with her 40th birthday for her great work in the communist education of children. The commemorative ribbon of the Komsomol Central Committee was presented to the pioneer organization on June 30, 1970 at the XVII All-Union Pioneer Rally in Leningrad for successful work in preparation for the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin. The pioneer organization was awarded the second Order of Lenin on May 18, 1972 in connection with its 50th anniversary and for its great work in educating children in the spirit of Lenin’s precepts.

The Red Banner was solemnly presented by representatives of the Lenin Komsomol to pioneer organizations of union and autonomous republics, national districts, regional and regional, city and district organizations, a school squad, and a temporary squad of a pioneer camp.

Samples of the Red Banners of pioneer organizations and squads were established by the Central Committee of the Komsomol. These banners depicted a pioneer badge and inscribed the words of the pioneer motto: “Be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!” On the ribbon attached to the flagpole is the name of the organization or squad. Commemorative ribbons for successes in all-Union and republican pioneer affairs were also attached to the flagpole of the squad. Caring attitude to the Red Banner was the sacred duty of every leader and pioneer.

Red flag was presented by a representative of the Komsomol organization to the newly created pioneer joy at the ceremonial assembly. A sample of the red flag of the detachment was also approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. On the front side of the flag was a pioneer badge. A ribbon with the honorary name of the detachment embroidered in silk, and commemorative ribbons - a reward for success in pioneering affairs, for example, were attached to the flag pole. Honorary ribbon of the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. IN AND. Lenin to the “right-flank” detachment of the All-Union March of Pioneer Detachments.

Red tie and pioneer badge.

Every pioneer wore a red tie. It was a symbol of loyalty to the cause of the Great October Revolution, a symbol of the unbreakable unity of three generations: communists - Komsomol members - pioneers. The pioneer's tie is a piece of the revolutionary Red Banner. To preserve the honor of your pioneer tie means to sacredly preserve the honor of the Red Banner. The badge is a symbol of the pioneer’s membership in the unified mass communist organization of children and teenagers of the Soviet Union. “Such an icon,” wrote N.K. Krupskaya in the brochure “RKSM and Boy Scoutism,” strengthens the connection between the organization and its members and strengthens the member’s responsibility for his actions.”

Pioneer badge.
The pioneer badge is an image of a five-pointed red star (a symbol of unity and the working people of five continents) with the profile of V.I. Lenin in the center of the star (a sign of belonging to the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin and the pioneer’s fidelity to Lenin’s covenants), above the upper rays of the star there is a pioneer fire with three flames (a symbol of the unity of generations of communists - Komsomol members - pioneers), the lower rays of the star are intertwined ribbon with the words “Always Ready!” (a symbol of the pioneer’s readiness to fight for the cause of the Communist Party).

Pioneer fireworks. The pioneer's salute means that for him the interests of society, his communist organization, squad and detachment are higher than personal ones. The pioneer gave a salute, raising a bent at an angle right hand with fingers tightly clenched above head:

Https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/62701/108533029.23/0_211944_e1f9d85f_orig.jpg when presenting him with a red tie;
during the performance of the Anthem of the Communist Party of the Internationale, the Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the anthems of the union republics, the raising of the State Flag of the USSR and the flags of the union republics;
at the Mausoleum and monuments to V.I. Lenin, memorials to the revolutionary, military and labor glory of the Soviet people, answering “Always ready!” to the words of the pioneer motto;
when presenting insignia to members of the councils of squads and detachments, rewarding during a solemn ceremony;
the pioneer also salutes the Red Banner - the flag of the detachment, and greets the counselors, pioneer and military formation with a salute.

An honorary name. Assigning a name to a pioneer organization, squad, detachment outstanding figure The Communist Party and the revolutionary movement, the hero of our Motherland was a symbol of fidelity to the glorious traditions of the struggle for communism. Examples of heroic life and struggle, “the glorious work of the Soviet people, the feat of heroes act as the high moral ideal of the pioneers,” which they were supposed to imitate. Already N.K. Krupskaya noted in her works the significant educational power of the connection between ideals and practical behavior of adolescents and children. The life and work of V. I. Lenin was proposed as the highest ideological and moral ideal for the pioneers.

The symbolism is inextricably linked with the attributes of the pioneer organization. Attributes are certain objects and signs that express the ideas, symbols and traditions of the pioneer movement in a bright and expressive form, emphasize the cohesion, unity and organization of pioneer groups, and create an emotionally attractive design for a children's communist organization.

Some of the main symbols of the pioneer organization were also its attributes (red banners of pioneer organizations and squads, red flags of detachments, a tie and a pioneer badge).

The attributes, having a symbolic meaning, reflected the revolutionary romance of pioneer life, the pathos of the heroic struggle of the people for the great cause of the Communist Party. Therefore, for example, it is wrong to consider both the horn and the drum only from the point of view of their utilitarian and practical purpose of sending signals. The bugle and drum became companions of the detachment as symbols of the battle trumpet of the Red Army regiments fiery years civil war and marching drums of the young Gavroches of the Paris Commune.

The attributes of the pioneer organization were the uniform of counselors and pioneers, insignia of elected pioneer activists, awards of counselors and pioneers, memorable emblems, signs and award badges of pioneer rallies, festivals, contests, competitions, all-Union and republican games.

Thus, the goals and objectives of the pioneer organization were determined on the basis of party directives and formulated in the Komsomol Charter and the Regulations on the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V.I. Lenin, documents of the Lenin Komsomol.

The common and unified goal of the school, the Komsomol and the pioneer organization were the tasks comprehensive development communist personality. The goal of each squad was to prepare a worthy replacement for the Leninist Komsomol.

The symbols and attributes imparted a revolutionary-romantic mood to the life and work of the pioneers, helped to organizationally and ideologically strengthen the team of members of the communist organization of children and adolescents, bring emotional and solemn elation to pioneer affairs, and create an aesthetics for the life of the collective. They expressed socio-political ideas public life, the pathos of the struggle to build socialism and communism.

Most people who turned 10 years old before 1989 remember the day when they said in front of their classmates: “I, joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin, in the face of my comrades, solemnly swear: to passionately love my Motherland, to live, learn and fight, as the great Lenin bequeathed, as the Communist Party teaches, to always fulfill the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union.” Every schoolchild who reached the age of 10 and made a promise at the ceremony to follow the laws of the pioneer organization could become a pioneer. And who couldn't be?

Children of class enemies

At the origins of the pioneer organization was Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya. In 1921, she delivered a report “On Boy Scoutism,” in which she advised Komsomol members to pay attention to the experience of children’s scout groups and create an organization “scouting in form and communist in content.” The resolution adopted on May 19, 1922 at the II Komsomol Conference read: “Taking into account the urgent need for self-organization of proletarian children, the All-Russian Conference instructs the Central Committee to develop the issue of children's movement and the use of a reorganized scouting system in it. Taking into account the experience of the Moscow organization, the Conference proposes to extend this experience on the same basis to other organizations of the RKSM under the leadership of the Central Committee.”
The Pioneers were created from the very beginning as a communist organization of proletarian children. “We are pioneers, children of workers!” - sang in a song well known to everyone. The pioneer organization accepted, first of all, children from working and poor peasant families. The children of “class enemies” - representatives of the bourgeoisie and kulaks - were barred from joining the organization.

However, it is unlikely that they wanted to go there, because the first pioneers had to really live up to the ideals of the builders of communism, including being active fighters against religion and other “remnants of the past.” The pioneers helped elders fight homelessness, taught those who wanted to read and write, and worked on an equal basis with adults when the fight against devastation was announced.
Later, in the 1930s, enrollment in pioneers became widespread; pioneer organizations existed in all schools. The children's lives became more orderly; pioneer duties included good studies and exemplary behavior at school. During this period, children of “enemies of the people” were not accepted as pioneers. There are many memories of those who had to go through the humiliating procedure of expulsion from the pioneers - their tie was removed in front of the entire school.

Hooligans and Losers

Later, in the era of developed socialism, the romance of its early years and fierce intransigence towards enemies disappeared from the life of the pioneer organization. Everyone over 10 years old began to be accepted as pioneers. It was believed that the best could become pioneers, those who study well, actively participate in the life of the school, in collecting waste paper, are Timurovites, and so on. But in fact, everyone was accepted as a pioneer. This happened according to the following scheme. The best, excellent students and activists were beautifully accepted as pioneers on Lenin’s birthday on the main square of the city, at the monument to the leader. Those who studied worse and had no special achievements - at the school at the ceremonial assembly. And then, completely unnoticed and without formality, a tie was tied to the most inveterate losers and hooligans. It was believed that they might not be accepted as pioneers at all, which is indeed extremely rare, but it happened. Each such case was considered almost an emergency. It is not surprising that such a formal attitude ultimately led to the fact that the pioneers were mired in formalism.

Children of priests

There was another category of children in the USSR who did not wear red ties - these were the children of clergy and believers. There were few such families. At the same time, the children of priests were not prohibited from joining the pioneers; on the contrary, the school would be glad that another child from the “priest’s” family abandoned the misconceptions of his parents. Such children themselves did not want to join the pioneer organization. Some - under pressure from parents, others - because of sincere religiosity. Since freedom of conscience was declared in the country and joining the pioneers was declared as voluntary, no one forced these children to tie ties.