Day of the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan. Is the army of Kyrgyzstan capable of anything? History of the formation of the armed forces

Until now, the leadership of Kyrgyzstan has treated its armed forces with amazing indifference. For 20 years, in the absence of the enemy, the Kyrgyz army fell into a state of collapse. Speaking before the deputies of the parliament of the republic, the Minister of Defense Taalaibek Omuraliev admitted that the army could not afford to purchase weapons. There are barely enough funds to buy uniforms and food for military personnel. The military equipment of the Kyrgyz army is, at best, produced in the eighties of the 20th century.

Kyrgyzstan formed its armed forces in 1992. Units of the Central Asian Military District of the Soviet Army were located on the territory of the republic, in particular, the 17th Army Corps, which included 2 motorized rifle divisions and one mountain rifle brigade.

The armed forces of Kyrgyzstan are divided into the Southwestern and Northern groups of forces. They include ground forces, air defense forces and air forces. As part of the Southwestern Group of Forces - Osh motorized rifle brigade, tank battalion, artillery and reconnaissance battalions, as well as the 24th brigade special purpose"Ilbirs." The latter is the most combat-ready unit, armed best weapon and staffed 100% by contract soldiers.

The Northern Group of Forces consists of motorized rifle division, mountain rifle brigade, anti-aircraft missile brigade, engineering, artillery and reconnaissance battalions. The analogue of “Ilbirs” in the north is the 25th special forces brigade “Scorpion”.

The Air Force consists mainly transport aviation- several dozen outdated An-12 and An-26 aircraft. Combat units include 9 Mi-24 transport and combat helicopters.

Due to the difficult internal political situation, Kyrgyzstan is attaching Special attention special forces. In addition to the above-mentioned special forces brigades of the Ministry of Defense “Ilbirs” and “Scorpion”, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the National Guard include the air assault unit “Panther” and the special forces “SHER”. Their task is to fight crime and anti-terrorist operations. The State Security Service of the President (Arstan detachment), the Drug Control Agency (Kyrgyi special forces) and the Border Service (Boru special forces) also have their own special forces. The “Boru” and “Arstan” detachments support border guards on the state border with Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, setting up barriers at passes, countering drug trafficking.

The number of armed forces of Kyrgyzstan is 15,000 people. Recruitment is carried out primarily on a contract basis. Despite the presence of well-trained special forces, the army has not become a guarantor of the stability of the state - this was demonstrated by clashes on ethnic grounds in 2010 in the south of Kyrgyzstan in Osh. When pogroms and murders of Uzbeks and Kyrgyz began, the country's armed forces were put on alert, but due to low combat readiness they were unable to fulfill the role of internal troops. Hundreds of people died as a result of inter-ethnic clashes. Soldiers of the presidential special forces unit “Artstan” also showed themselves irresponsibly during the revolutionary events of 2010, leaving their post at the presidential residence in Bishkek.

However, hundreds of officers and sergeants of the Kyrgyz army have extensive experience in participating in UN peacekeeping missions in various locations globe(Sierra Leone, East Timor, Liberia, Ethiopia, Kosovo, Sudan). The Ministry of Defense participates in the NATO Partnership for Peace program to combat drug trafficking and terrorism. Since 2001, the Kyrgyz military has been taking part in international exercises under the auspices of NATO “United Endeavor” and “Peace Shield”.

Türkiye is promoting the development of the republic's army. In 2011, the governments of Kyrgyzstan and Turkey signed an agreement on military and financial cooperation. According to the General Staff of the Kyrgyz Armed Forces, in the period 2011-2014, the Turkish side provided logistical and technical assistance to the security forces of the Kyrgyz Republic for a total amount of $12 million. Formations and units of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic acquired Turkish samples of automotive equipment, communications equipment, logistics and engineering equipment, night vision devices and medical equipment. Since 1993 in educational institutions Turkey has trained more than 120 military specialists.

Relations with the USA in Kyrgyzstan for a long time were considered a priority. Cooperation strengthened after the deployment of international troops to Afghanistan in 2001. A transit air base was opened at the Kyrgyz Manas airport to deliver cargo and troops for the anti-terrorist coalition. After 2005, when a similar base on the territory of Uzbekistan in Karshi-Khanabad was closed, the Manas airbase acquired strategic importance for the United States. The value of the base in Manas began to fall as it was withdrawn American troops from Afghanistan. Not intending to pay a premium price for staying in Kyrgyzstan, the United States gave in to Bishkek's demand to vacate the facility. By July 2014, the United States pledged to transfer Manas to Kyrgyzstan. The new Allied transit base will move to Romania.

Gradually, the leadership of Kyrgyzstan strengthened cooperation with Russia. Kyrgyzstan has been a member of the CSTO since 1992. The “Tulip Revolution” of 2005 and the Revolution of 2010 did not affect the development of cooperation with Moscow. The Russian Kant airbase is located in Kyrgyzstan. The agreement regarding the airbase is now valid for 49 years, with subsequent automatic extensions of 25 years. The base is home to 500 Russian military personnel, Su-27 fighters, Su-25 attack aircraft, Il-76 transport aircraft, Mi-8 helicopters and L-39 training aircraft. the main task Russian aviation in Kyrgyzstan - support for the CSTO Collective Rapid Deployment Forces (CRDF).

In light of the upcoming withdrawal of ISAF troops from Afghanistan, Russia has seriously begun to modernize the armed forces of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Thus, Russia’s influence in Central Asia and the threat of destabilization of the situation in the region is reduced. Moscow plans to gradually increase the number of aircraft at the Kant air base and create a reliable defense hub capable of withstanding external challenges and threats to the security of Kyrgyzstan. At the end of 2013, supplies of Russian military equipment for the armed forces of Kyrgyzstan began. The Russian leadership strives to minimize risks far from its borders, using the armed forces of the CSTO member states for stabilization. It is they who will have to counter the possible threat emanating from Afghanistan with active participation and support from Moscow.

Having declared its independence in 1991, Kyrgyzstan, as sovereign state and a full member of the world community, began to create a national army.

The young state had no experience in creating a military organization. The necessary defense infrastructure was missing. The speedy creation of the Armed Forces was hampered by socio-economic factors, as well as a lack of qualified and trained officers.

The first step towards the creation of the Armed Forces was the publication of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan dated January 13, 1992 on the formation State Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan for Defense Affairs, headed by Major General Umetaliev Dzhanybek Asanbekovich.

And already on May 29, 1992, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan “On taking (accepting) under the jurisdiction military units, units and institutions of the former Soviet Union, stationed on the territory of Kyrgyzstan" marked the beginning of the construction of the Armed Forces as the fundamental basis national security states

Adoption of the Constitution on May 5, 1993 Kyrgyz Republic defined the basic principles military policy state, construction and development of its Armed Forces. The Constitution stipulates that the Kyrgyz Republic does not have goals of expansion, aggression and territorial claims resolved military force, rejects the militarization of state life, the subordination of the state and its activities to the tasks of waging war.

The armed forces are built in accordance with the principles of: self-defense and defensive sufficiency; unconditional compliance with the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, the control of military structures by higher authorities state power; compliance organizational structure, combat and numerical strength to the tasks of ensuring military security and economic capabilities of the state; ensuring the national security of the state, the ability to adequately increase combat power when the military threat increases, maintaining combat and mobilization readiness; compliance international law and the use of peaceful experience in military construction.

The main goal of military development in the Kyrgyz Republic is the creation of small, compact and mobile Armed Forces, equipped modern weapons, military equipment, secured material means for conducting military operations in high mountain conditions, capable of short time guaranteed to provide protection territorial integrity, constitutional system, sovereignty of the state and its citizens.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. He manages the Armed Forces, appoints and replaces high command. Central authority government controlled The armed forces are the Ministry of Defense. Its Main Headquarters is the main body of operational control of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic.

The Ministry of Defense is responsible for the condition of all the Armed Forces of the country and their further development, ability to counteract in case military danger for the state.

The Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic in peacetime and war time consist of political and military departments, formations, units and institutions of the Ministry of Defense, Ministry emergency situations, Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, National Guard, State Security Committee, Border Service, Service state protection and military justice bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic.

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On May 29, 1992, by the Decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR), formations and units of the USSR Armed Forces stationed on the territory of the republic were taken under the jurisdiction of Kyrgyzstan. Not considering any state or coalition of states as its enemy, and opposing the use of military force to achieve political and economic goals, Kyrgyzstan, however, recognized the need to prepare the country to defend against a possible armed attack.

Industrial enterprises of Kyrgyzstan producing military products were part of various components of the military-industrial complex of the USSR, depended on partners outside the republic and were not interconnected. They are not able to independently produce weapons and military equipment. In this regard, the technical equipment of the armed forces is completely dependent on other states.

Armed forces

Number of soldiers: 20,800 soldiers.

Army budget: $240 million.

The armed forces (AF) of Kyrgyzstan include:

Ground troops;

Air Defense Forces;

State Border Service;

National Guard and Internal Troops.

Weapons: According to the Global Firepower portal for 2016, the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan have 150 tanks, 438 armored personnel carriers, 159 heavy equipment, 207 artillery systems, 21 military aircraft and 10 helicopters.

Combat experience - actively take part in combat operations and peacekeeping missions.

Thus, from January 1993 to 1998, a separate mountain rifle battalion of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic, in connection with “measures to stabilize the situation on the section of the state border of Tajikistan with Afghanistan,” guarded a 100-kilometer section of the Tajik-Afghan border. Over the course of 5 years, more than 4.5 thousand Kyrgyzstani served in this battalion.

In 1999, militants from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) invaded southern Kyrgyzstan. The Batken campaign lasted for a year.

Currently, Kyrgyzstan military personnel are serving in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sudan, East Timor, Ethiopia and Kosovo.

World ranking: In the ranking of the military-analytical portal Global Firepower for 2016, the army of Kyrgyzstan took 110th place out of 126 countries. A year earlier, Kyrgyzstan ranked 78th in the ranking.

On January 25, 2017, the President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambaev signed the Decree “On further measures on reforming the management system of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic." According to the document, the Ground Forces were formed under the General Staff, and the National Guard became structural unit General Staff(GS).

The main goal of the reform is to create an operational, well-equipped and well-fed army capable of responding to existing challenges.

A. Atambayev said: “The government and the Jogorku Kenesh (parliament) should already provide for an increase in spending on the Armed Forces in the 2018 budget. Because, perhaps, we will no longer receive such significant assistance as before from our allies.” Also he noted that within military reform it is necessary to continue work on equipping the troops modern types weapons and military equipment.

International military cooperation

Basics of cooperation between Russian Federation(RF) and the Kyrgyz Republic in military field were laid down by the Treaty between the two countries of July 5, 1993. Over the past years, more than 40 agreements have been signed between Kyrgyzstan and Russia at the interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental levels in various areas of military cooperation. Kyrgyzstan and Russia agreed to supply military-technical assistance to the republic totaling about $1 billion during the visit of the Russian President to Bishkek in 2012. To date, the Russian side has donated to the Kyrgyz Republic armored vehicles, artillery systems with spare parts and ammunition various types small arms.

President of Kyrgyzstan A. Atambaev said: “Russia and I will always be

strategic partners, but in the future Kyrgyzstan must rely and rely only on its armed forces, and not on the bases of Russia, America or another country. We must build our army."

For reference:

There are 4 Russian military installations on the territory of Kyrgyzstan:

CSTO Collective Rapid Deployment Forces Air Base;

Naval Test Base;

Communications center;

Autonomous seismic point.

In order to strengthen the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic, on June 24, 2015, an Agreement was signed in Astana between the governments of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan on the provision of free military-technical assistance. According to the document, Kazakhstan transferred 5 million rounds of ammunition to Kyrgyzstan free of charge. small arms, smoke grenades and bombs, as well as spare parts for anti-aircraft missile system S-75M3. On October 26, 2016, as part of the provision of military-technical assistance, an army caravan from Kazakhstan delivered weapons and ammunition to the Kyrgyz Armed Forces. In addition, in 1999, Kazakhstan sent military equipment, communications equipment and ammunition for artillery and aviation units to the Kyrgyz Republic free of charge to eliminate gangs of militants who invaded Kyrgyzstan. In 2011, Kazakhstan sent armored vehicles and small arms to the Kyrgyz Republic.

Defense-industrial complex

Independent Kyrgyzstan inherited one of the weakest defense industries in the world post-Soviet space. Production finished products in the Kyrgyz Republic, only the Dastan plant (formerly the Instrument-Making Plant named after the 50th anniversary of the Kyrgyz SSR) is engaged. This enterprise produces Shkval torpedoes and missiles for testing finished products a testing site is used on Lake Issyk-Kul. Main feature Shkval torpedoes are capable of operating at depths of up to 700 meters and speeds of more than 100 knots (200 km/h). Elements for Shkval-type torpedo warheads can be equipped with nuclear (up to 150 kilotons) and conventional (210 kg of conventional explosive) ammunition. The cost of one torpedo is about $1 million. The torpedoes are assembled from kits supplied from Russia.

In the 2000s, 98% of the products produced at the Dastan plant were torpedoes. 70% of torpedoes were supplied to India and 26% to the Russian Federation. For a number of reasons, the last batch of products was transferred to the Indian military in 2011. Also in Kyrgyzstan there were enterprises that produced various components: the Bishkek Machine-Building Plant, the Bishkek Stamping Plant, the Ainur plant for the production of high-frequency connectors, the Nur plant in the Jalal-Abad region, the Ulan enterprise and the corresponding testing grounds.

Commission for Military-Economic Cooperation (MMCEC) of the CSTO. At the meeting, current topics of military-economic cooperation between countries within the CSTO were considered and the possibilities of renewing the military-industrial complex in Kyrgyzstan were discussed. Within

Of all the armies of the states formed as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan, according to experts, is the weakest. In their opinion, combat and moral-psychological training is not at the proper level. Also in the army of Kyrgyzstan is an outdated Combat vehicles. The illusion of security is created solely through membership in the CSTO. You will find information about the structure and weapons of the Kyrgyz army in the article.

History of the formation of the armed forces

The Kyrgyz Army was created in May 1992. During the collapse of the USSR, several parts Soviet army were stationed on the territory of the young republic. Following the instructions of the president of the state, they were taken under the jurisdiction of Kyrgyzstan.

In 1993, the State Committee of the Republic was transformed into the Ministry of Defense.

Since 1999, the strength of the Kyrgyz army has been 20 thousand military personnel. Of these, 11 thousand are subordinate to the Ministry of Defense. 3 thousand serve in the National Guard, and 6800 serve in the border troops.

In 2006, at the direction of the Commander-in-Chief, SVO was formed at the base. The purpose of the air defense forces is to cover military, strategic, government and military-industrial facilities on the territory of the republic. Since that time, service in the Kyrgyz army was reduced from 18 months to one year.

In 2013, President Almazbek Atambayev signed the Military Doctrine of the Kyrgyz Republic.

2014 was the year of formation of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan - the main command body, subordinate to the Ministry of Defense, Border Service, National Guard and Internal troops(BB).

About the structure of the Armed Forces

The army of Kyrgyzstan consists of the following formations:

General Staff of the Armed Forces. It is a single center from which all armed forces in the republic are controlled.
Ministry of Defense with ground forces and military forces.
State Border Service.
National Guard and Internal Troops units.

About ground forces

Management is carried out by two regional commands: Northern and Southwestern. The first leads the following military formations:

Two machine gun and artillery battalions stationed in the cities of Narakol and Naryn.
Separate battalion communications in the city of Bishkek.
25th Special Forces Brigade "Scorpion".
Engineer battalion.
A separate tank regiment.
Units responsible for provision and chemical protection.

South-West coordinates the actions of:

68th separate mountain rifle brigade.
Machine-gun artillery and reconnaissance battalions.
Combined armored battalion in the Ala-Buka region.
Anti-aircraft artillery regiment and chemical protection and support units.

About military equipment

In service ground forces consist:

Soviet tanks T-52. The quantity varies between 100-150 units.
Soviet-made: BMP-1 (230 units) and BMP-2 (90 vehicles).
Armored combat reconnaissance vehicles BRDM-2. The quantity is 30 units.
Armored personnel carriers BTR-70 and BTR-80. The equipment of the first model is represented by 25 machines, the second - 10.
The function of anti-tank weapons is performed by the Malyutka ATGM. Kyrgyzstan has 26 complexes.
As jet systems volley fire the republic uses BM-21 "Grad" (15 units) and BM-27 "Hurricane" (6 units).

The Kyrgyz Armed Forces have the following artillery fire systems:

Self-propelled 120-mm 2S9 “Nona-S” guns (12 self-propelled guns).
Self-propelled 122-mm artillery mounts 2S1 “Gvozdika” (18 units).
72 towed D-30 gun-howitzers of 122 mm caliber.
122 mm M-30 manufactured in 1938 (35 installations).
Towed D-1 caliber 152 mm, produced in 1943. There are 16 guns in service.
120-mm M-120 mortars (30 units).
Mortar systems 2S12 “Sani”, of which there are 6 in the army of the republic.

SVO

The air defense forces in the Kyrgyz army are represented by:

Command of the Northern Military District of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan in the city of Bishkek. This is also the location of the Central command post.
5th Guards Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade.
11th air defense brigade. Location: Osh city.
44 separate radio technical battalion in the village of Grigoryevka.

Bishkek became the location of the Frunze-1 air base.

Flight Park of the Kyrgyz Republic

Kyrgyzstan has the following aviation units:

Soviet-made MiG-21 fighters in the amount of 21.
Two An-26 transport models.
Four combat training L-39s.

Of the helicopters, the republican Air Force uses transport and combat Mi-24 (2 vehicles) and multi-purpose Mi-8, of which there are 8 units in Kyrgyzstan.

Special Forces

Since 1994, the 525th Scorpion company began its activities. The fighters are armed with Pecheneg machine guns, Gyurza pistols, Kashtan submachine guns, silent sniper rifles"Vintorez" and special machine guns "Val". Military personnel wear green berets with a scorpion on them.

In 1999, the Ilbirs special forces detachment was formed. They enter the service on a contract basis. The green berets of the fighters bear the head of a leopard. There are 800 people serving in the Panther air assault unit, which became part of the National Guard. The Gyurza reconnaissance company is subordinate to the National Guard. To combat terrorism and organized crime in Kyrgyzstan, a special forces detachment “Shumkar” was created.

Its activities are within the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Illicit trafficking narcotic substances crossing the border is stopped by border troops and soldiers of the special forces units “Kyrgyi” and “Wolf”.

It was established by Decree of the Government of the Republic No. 347 of May 19, 1994 on the initiative of the Ministry of Defense of Kyrgyzstan. And the date was chosen due to the fact that on May 29, 1992, military units and institutions stationed in the country were accepted under the jurisdiction of the Kyrgyz Republic. Having declared its independence in 1991, Kyrgyzstan, as a sovereign state and a full member of the world community, began to create a national army. The young state had no experience in creating a military organization. The necessary defense infrastructure was missing. The speedy creation of the Armed Forces was hampered by socio-economic factors, as well as a lack of qualified and trained officers. The first step towards the creation of the Armed Forces was the publication of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan dated January 13, 1992 on the formation of the State Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan for Defense Affairs, which was headed by Major General Umetaliev Dzhanybek Asanbekovich.

And already on May 29, 1992, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan “On the taking (acceptance) under the jurisdiction of military formations, units and institutions of the former Soviet Union stationed on the territory of Kyrgyzstan,” the beginning of the construction of the Armed Forces was laid as the fundamental basis of the national security of the state. The adoption of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic on May 5, 1993 determined the basic principles of the state’s military policy, the construction and development of its Armed Forces.

The Constitution stipulates that the Kyrgyz Republic does not have goals of expansion, aggression and territorial claims resolved by military force, and rejects the militarization of state life, the subordination of the state and its activities to the tasks of waging war. The armed forces are built in accordance with the principles of: self-defense and defensive sufficiency; unconditional compliance with the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, the control of military structures by the highest bodies of state power; compliance of the organizational structure, combat and numerical strength with the tasks of ensuring military security and the economic capabilities of the state; ensuring the national security of the state, the ability to adequately increase combat power when the military threat increases, maintaining combat and mobilization readiness; compliance with international law and the use of peaceful experience in military development.

On this day in 1992, the armed forces of the independent Kyrgyz Republic were created