Pioneers of the USSR. History of the pioneer organization: year of formation, attributes, anthem, awards

All-Union pioneer organization was formed on May 19, 1922. It was then, at the All-Russian Komsomol Conference, that a decision was made to create a mass children's organization in the USSR, led by the Komsomol Central Committee. Later, May 19 began to be considered Pioneer Day. An organized and ceremonial celebration of this event was held every year. At first, the pioneer organization bore the name “Spartak”, and then, after the death of the country’s leader, official name was changed to the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin. Many years have passed since then. they stopped accepting people as pioneers, few people remember.

Initially, scouting served as an example for the pioneer movement. In 1917, there were children's scout associations in the country, covering up to 50 thousand people. Scouts carried out a lot of public work to help street children. Soon this movement split into several directions, the basic principles of which differed significantly. Scout troops were led famous figures, such as publisher and traveler, editor of the magazine “Around the World” V.A. Popov, famous self-taught sculptor and teacher I.N. Zhukov and others. The idea of ​​creating yuk-scouts (young communists - scouts) was proposed by Vera Bonch-Bruevich, an active party member and writer. But in 1919, at the congress of the RKSM, all scout troops were disbanded.

N.K. At the end of 1921, Krupskaya several times read the report “On Boy Scoutism,” where she called on the Komsomol to create children's association“scouting in form and communist in content.” Later, the idea of ​​​​creating a children's communist movement was put forward. I.N. Zhukov put forward a proposal to call the future organization pioneer. The symbols chosen were the following: a red tie, a white blouse, the motto “Be prepared!” and the answer is “Always ready!” It was similar to tradition scout movement, but has been partially changed. Also, the goal of the children's pioneer movement was to fight for the freedom of oppressed peoples around the world. In the future, the pioneers had to help adults in the fight against anti-Soviet elements, according to the civic duty of every progressive person, a builder of a communist society.

By the beginning of the forties, the structure of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was completely formed in accordance with the already proven school principle. Each class was a detachment, and the school was a pioneer squad. Military-patriotic work was carried out in children's groups, circles of signalmen, orderlies, and young riflemen were formed.

Before the start of the Great Patriotic War The “Timur movement,” named after the hero of A. Gaidar’s children’s book “Timur and His Team,” spread. Timurites were actively collecting scrap metal, drying medicinal herbs, provided all possible assistance to the elderly and sick people, and looked after the kids. It is difficult to overestimate everything that the pioneers did at this time, not only for individual citizens, but for the entire country.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, many children and teenagers instantly matured. Grief and overwhelming trials fell like a heavy burden on their shoulders. The pioneers were partisan detachments, whose sudden attacks on the fascist positions inflicted significant losses on them. Some of them were awarded the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union", the highest award of the state, namely:

The pioneers served in the Red Army and were given the unofficial title “Son of the Regiment.” They were intelligence officers, signalmen, and underground workers. Most of them replaced their fathers and older brothers who had gone to the front, worked at machines and in the fields, looked after the wounded in hospitals, and performed concerts for them. Not all of them managed to live to see the Great Victory Day; children, along with adults, experienced all the hardships and horrors of wartime.

In the fifties, certain processes took place in the pioneer organization that entailed a change in the active position and a loss of independence in decision-making; its work became more and more formal. In the 1960s, Leningrad teachers led by I.P. Ivanov on the basis of the new all-Union camp "Orlyonok", which was opened on Black Sea coast, tried to develop in children creativity along with past ideals. But the communard movement, which these activists tried to give rise to, was unable to go beyond the borders of a small region and remained in the arsenal of individual detachments and pioneer squads.

Until what year were there pioneers in the USSR?

With the beginning of perestroika in the country, public and political life. In the second half of the eighties of the last century, the leaders of the children's organization tried to change its goals and methods of working with schoolchildren. Due to the fact that propaganda was carried out about the need to exclude pioneers from ideological work, children's organizations of various directions appeared.

At the tenth rally of pioneers, which took place in Artek, on October 1, 1990, the delegates decided to transform the All-Union Pioneer Organization into the association “Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Organizations”, the abbreviated name SPO - FDO. But the Komsomol Central Committee did not approve this decision.

On September 27 - 28, 1991, at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol, the termination of the organization’s activities and its dissolution was announced. Together with the Komsomol, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin was automatically disbanded. The building of the Central Council in Moscow was partially transferred to the use of SPO - FDO. The pioneer palaces became subordinate to the municipalities and became known as “Houses of Children's Creativity,” and the pioneer camps became tourist centers and boarding houses.

Based on this historical data, we can say with certainty what year the pioneers were in. It was in September that the pioneer organization ceased its work. Now we can accurately answer in what year they stopped accepting people as pioneers. And a little later, on December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR announced the adoption of a declaration that spoke of the cessation of the existence of the USSR.

On May 19, 1922, the second All-Russian Komsomol conference decided to establish pioneer detachments throughout the Soviet Union. This date is considered the pioneer's birthday. The pioneer movement existed for almost 70 years and, despite the fact that it was abolished a quarter of a century ago, every Russian knows who the pioneers are and can recognize them in old photographs and postcards by their red tie, cap and white shirt. the site has collected ten little-known and unusual facts about the pioneers and their activities.

On the initiative of Krupskaya

The pioneer movement in the USSR was created on the initiative of Nadezhda Krupskaya. In November 1921, Krupskaya, during several public speaking proposed to the Komsomol to create a new children's organization based on the principles of the scout movement. The ruling elite had a negative attitude towards the scouts because of their rejection of the revolution, and therefore reacted negatively to Krupskaya’s proposal. Later, Komsomol leaders reconsidered their decision and approved the initiative, deciding to create new organization children's communist movement. It was decided to call the members of the organization pioneers, which translated from French means “pioneer.” The attributes of the movement were changed scout symbols: a red tie and a white shirt instead of green scout ones.

The pioneer movement lasted almost 70 years. Photo: Museum of Printing and Publishing

There was no knot in the tie

Initially, the pioneer tie was not tied around the neck, but was fastened with a clip. It featured a hammer and sickle and the inscription “Always ready!” and a fire in the foreground. The fire consisted of five logs and three flames, which meant five continents and the Third International - the Comintern, which was supposed to kindle the fire of revolution on them. When the Comintern was dissolved, they decided to remove the clamps. This was explained by the complexity of their manufacture. Since then, the pioneer tie began to be tied in a knot.

Pioneer song from the opera "Faust"

If you listen closely, you can hear music from the opera “Faust” in the famous pioneer song “Raise your fires, blue nights.” This is no coincidence! In May 1922, composer Alexander Zharov was entrusted with as soon as possible write a patriotic pioneer song. While visiting the opera "Faust" in Bolshoi Theater Zharov heard “The March of the Soldiers” by composer Charles Gounod and was greatly impressed. This composition was taken as a basis: it was processed and adapted for the bugle. The song quickly caught on and became very memorable and famous.

The pioneer had to be brave, smart and strong. Photo: Museum of Printing and Publishing

From Spartak to Lenin

In the year of the creation of the pioneer organization, the movement was given the name Spartak: the Komsomol leaders believed that this name would symbolize the strength, courage and patriotism of the organization’s members. The whole name sounded like this: children's communist groups named after Spartak. Such a name pioneer movement wore for two years. In 1924, after Lenin’s death, the organization was named after the leader, and in 1926 a new official name appeared: All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V. I. Lenin. It survived until the end of the movement.

Be ready!

Pioneer motto “Be prepared!” moved to the Soviet Union from Great Britain. The first letters of the phrase “be prepared” coincided with the abbreviation of the founder of the scout movement in Great Britain, Colonel Baden-Powell, so the phrase quickly took root in the country. In the Soviet Union, the motto was somewhat modified: the full expression sounded like “Pioneer, to fight for the cause of the Communist Party Soviet Union be ready! The response was the phrase “Always ready!”

More than 210 million people were among the pioneers. Photo: Museum of Printing and Publishing

Pioneer heroes

During the Great Patriotic War, did pioneers, along with adults, defend their homeland from fascist invaders? They helped soldiers at the front, in the rear, and underground; many pioneers became partisans and scouts. For their military services, tens of thousands of pioneers were awarded medals and orders, and four - Valya Kotik, Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei and Zina Portnova - were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

11 year old worker

The pioneers were engaged in socially useful activities: they collected scrap metal and waste paper, planted flowers and trees, and raised animals. The best of the best were given awards. From the entire list of distinguished children, the pioneer from Tajikistan Mamlakat Nakhangova stands out. An 11-year-old girl exceeded the norm for an adult in picking cotton seven times and was awarded the Order of Lenin.

The pioneers worked almost equally with adults. Photo: Museum of Printing and Publishing

The first Timurites

The Timur movement in the Soviet Union arose after the publication of the book “Timur and His Team” by Arkady Gaidar. Timurovites were exemplary pioneers who selflessly helped everyone in need. The first detachment of Timurites appeared in 1940 in the city of Klin, where Gaidar wrote his story. The squad consisted of only six members. The guys helped employees of orphanages and hospitals, looked after the elderly, harvested crops, and during the war years they took patronage over the families of soldiers. Timur's movement still persists in many Russian cities.

"Zarnitsa"

Even while in summer camps the pioneers worked hard and were socially active useful work and lived according to a strict daily routine. The guys’ leisure time was also not childish at all: the main entertainment in the summer camps was “Zarnitsa” - a military sports game that was very similar to soldiers’ combat exercises. As part of the game, each of the two teams had to capture the enemy's flag as quickly as possible. Each participant had shoulder straps sewn onto their shoulders. If one team member had one shoulder strap torn off, he could not run and just walked, and if both shoulder straps were torn off, he was “killed.”

The motto of the pioneers became the phrase “Be prepared!” and "Always ready!" Photo: Museum of Printing and Publishing

Millions of Pioneers

In September 1991, at the XXII Congress of the Komsomol, the role of the Komsomol was declared exhausted, and the Komsomol organization, together with the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin, officially ceased to exist. The pioneer movement became a big page in the history of Russia. Over the 69 years of the movement’s work, more than 210 million people joined the ranks of the pioneers.

Today we invite you to consider interesting topic, directly related to the history of our country. Namely, the pioneer movement in the USSR. Of course, within the framework of a short article we are unlikely to be able to cover all aspects of this large-scale phenomenon. But we will try to give the modern young reader an idea of ​​the basic principles of the existence of a pioneer organization. What was the pioneer movement like? At what age were you accepted as a pioneer? What were they doing?

People aged “forty and older” know very well the answers to these questions - in what class they were accepted into pioneers, how pioneer training camps and meetings were held, what the peers of today’s schoolchildren did during extracurricular hours. And for representatives of the younger generation below - a small “educational education”.

During the Soviet era, everyone knew the All-Union Pioneer Organization, which bore the name of V.I. Lenin - it could not have been otherwise. This mass children's movement was one of the communist organizations that existed in the USSR. The pioneer organization was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Komsomol Conference in 1922 (May 19). Since then, this day has been celebrated as Pioneer Day.

Initially, the organization was named after Spartak. In 1924, she received the name of Lenin - after his death. The pioneers traced their origins to the scout movement, but a number of aspects significantly distinguished these formations. The pioneering organization had the character of universal state coverage with a clearly expressed goal - the ideological education of children as citizens devoted to the Communist Party. Organizationally, the pioneer movement was integral part structure of the Komsomol and was controlled centrally. “Pioneers” in countries of Western culture (in the USA and England) were called reconnaissance soldiers, pioneers who explored new lands.

A little history

The scout movement in Russia at the time of the 1917 revolution was quite developed and consisted of a network of children's organizations. The total number of scouts was about 50,000 people. During Civil War Scouts provided assistance in searching for street children, formed children's police units and engaged in social assistance. The motives of scout ideology were based on the postulates of play, work and mutual assistance.

The Bolsheviks decided to combine the principles of the scout movement with communist ideology. Komsomol members, in turn, considered scoutism a bourgeois phenomenon, far from communist ideas. Already in 1919, the congress of the RKSM adopted a resolution to disband scout troops.

At the same time, the need to create our own communist organization for children grew. The idea was formulated by N.K. Krupskaya, who suggested that the Komsomol use scouting methods to create a new children's organization. Initially, this idea was received with extreme caution, but with the adoption of a positive decision in 1921, the search for suitable organizational forms. The new movement was called "pioneers", which was also borrowed from scouting practice. At what age were you accepted as a pioneer in those years? Initially, it was decided to take the Scout movement as the basis for the Komsomol organization being created, but later it was decided to unite younger children in a similar format.

Other symbolism

Symbols of the new children's movement were a slightly modified version of the scout ones. Instead of a green tie, a red one appeared, and a white (rather than green) blouse was also approved. The scout motto “Be Prepared!” remained unchanged. and the answer is “Always ready!” We transferred to the pioneer organization “by inheritance” from scouting, organizing children in the form of groups, gatherings around the fire, game forms work with pupils and the institute of counselors.

During 1922, many pioneer detachments arose in a number of villages and cities. The age at which people were accepted into pioneers and other formal aspects in those years were not yet strictly regulated. At the congress of the RKSM, it was decided to unite the scattered pioneer detachments into a children's organization of a communist orientation. The movement received its last official name - the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin - in March 1926.

About the structure of the pioneer organization

Initially, such organizations were created by RKSM cells in villages, institutions and enterprises. In 1923, their formation ceased to depend on place of residence and moved to schools. They were called “bases” and “outposts”. In fact, communist control was established over the school. Since 1929, the pioneer organization began to rebuild, focusing on school principles. The detachments corresponded to classes, the squads corresponded to schools. The age at which people were accepted as pioneers became uniform in the USSR in those years.

The scale of the organization acquired such a scale that a couple of years later they were talking with condemnation about attempts to extinguish the pioneer movement by merging it with the school system. In addition, there has been a tendency to transfer educational functions from the school to the pioneer movement. The school determined in which class they were accepted as pioneers, established a system of rewards and punishments, etc. But the process nevertheless continued.

Being a centralized link in the communist system, the All-Union Pioneer Movement in the USSR united organizations different levels- republican, regional, regional, district, city, district. The formal basis for organizing a squad at a school or children's educational institution was the presence of three pioneers. If the squad consisted of more than 20 people, it was divided into pioneer detachments.

The groups existing at pioneer camps or orphanages were of different ages. If the detachment consisted of 15 or more people, it was divided into links, at the head of each of which a leader was appointed. In fact, each detachment united students of a particular class, and the squad united students of a particular school.

About the senior pioneers

Changes affected the structure of the organization in 1982 with the introduction of the concept of "senior pioneers". In what class were these guys accepted as pioneers? The senior pioneers usually included students in the seventh and eighth grades. They were a kind of intermediate link between pioneers and Komsomol members and wore badges that combined elements of both. Theoretically, senior pioneers were instructed to continue wearing a red tie, but many tried their best to switch to new uniform clothes.

Who led the organization

The direct leadership of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was entrusted to the Komsomol - Komsomol members. Those, in turn, were controlled by the bodies of the CPSU. Any council of a pioneer organization worked under the leadership of the Komsomol committee. Reports from the councils of the pioneer organization were heard at conferences and congresses of the Komsomol. The leadership of the pioneer organization at all levels was also approved by plenums of Komsomol committees.

Methodological and organizational work with pioneer personnel was organized on the basis of numerous Houses and Palaces of Pioneers, as well as other non-school institutions. Personnel for work in these institutions, in the person of senior counselors, were “supplied” from Komsomol committees, which were involved in their selection, education and advanced training. The leadership of circles, sections, clubs and candidates for the positions of squad leaders were selected in a centralized manner.

If we talk about the so-called pioneer self-government, then the highest body of the collective unit (detachment, unit, squad) was the pioneer gathering. At the gathering of the detachment, schoolchildren were accepted as pioneers, and the worthy ones were recommended to the ranks of the Komsomol. They assessed the activities of the detachment and planned the upcoming work as a whole (as well as the contribution of each pioneer to the common cause) at the council of the squad. The composition of the detachment was selected by the detachment assembly, the link member was selected by the unit assembly. Each of the councils, in turn, elected its own chairman.

In pioneer organizations at a higher level (All-Union, Republican, regional, territorial, etc.), a pioneer rally, held once every few years, served as a form of self-government. The most active and active elite of the pioneer organization gathered in city headquarters, created under the councils of the pioneer organization at the district or city level.

In what class were you accepted as a pioneer?

Reply to this question Any representative of the older generation will give it to you. The age when they were accepted into pioneers ranged from 9 to 14 years. A nine- to ten-year-old child was most often a third grader. Here is the answer to the question: “In what class were they previously accepted as pioneers?”

Formally, this action was carried out on a voluntary basis. It was carried out individually in the form of an open vote, held at a meeting of the squad or pioneer detachment. The atmosphere of the event when they were accepted into pioneers was always presented in the USSR in a very pompous manner.

A schoolchild who joined the organization read out a solemn promise to his senior comrades (Komsomol members, communists or other pioneers) on the line. He was given and tied a red tie. Most often, the procedure for admission to pioneers was carried out in a solemn atmosphere and coincided with communist holidays.

Often it was held in some memorable historical and revolutionary place. For example, there was a widespread practice of recruiting pioneers near the Lenin monument on April 22. First of all, the admission of excellent and good students was carried out.

A little ideology

Anyone who joined the ranks of this children's organization was required to know the laws of the pioneers by heart. These postulates taught children to emulate communists, prepare to join the ranks of the Komsomol, study well and actively work for the good of the Motherland, prepare to defend it from enemies, fight for peace and build communism in everything globe. The pioneer was instructed to value the honor of the organization, be a reliable comrade, respect elders and take care of children, and act in accordance with the concepts of duty and honor.

The rights of a pioneer were proclaimed to be the opportunity to participate in the election of pioneer self-government bodies, discuss the work of the organization at meetings and in the press, criticize shortcomings and make proposals at any level, and ask for recommendations for the procedure for joining the Komsomol.

About pioneer camps

For the most part, pioneers spent their school holidays in pioneer camps. Their number in the USSR was enormous - about 40,000 summer and year-round summer and year-round summer camps. About 10 million children were sent there on vacation every year. The most famous of them is the All-Union Pioneer Camp of international status "Artek". The second most prestigious place was occupied by the All-Russian camp "Orlyonok", located in the Krasnodar Territory.

The pioneer organization, of course, had its own motto and anthem, ideologically “tied” to the declared goal - educating young fighters for the ideas of the Communist Party. The “March of Young Pioneers,” written back in 1922, was performed as the organization’s anthem. Other attributes of pioneer symbols were known to anyone to the Soviet man red triangular tie and pioneer badge of the approved form. Other elements of the organization's attributes are the squad banner, squad flags, drums and bugles. None of the solemn pioneer rituals could take place without them.

Each squad had its own pioneer room, in which all these attributes were to be stored. The squad council also met there. Most often, such a room was decorated with a counter of a ritual nature and a Lenin corner. In each class, the pioneers were instructed to publish and hang handwritten detachment and squad wall newspapers.

What did the pioneer uniform look like?

On weekdays they wore a regular school uniform along with pioneer symbols in the form of a badge and a red tie. For special occasions it was provided dress uniform clothes consisting of red caps combined with the same ties and badges, uniform white shirts with gilded buttons and emblems on the sleeves (for both boys and girls), blue trousers for boys or the same color skirts for girls. In the banner group, the dress uniform was complemented by a red ribbon worn over the shoulder, as well as white gloves.

In the Soviet Union, pioneer magazines and newspapers were published, in addition, a lot of other children's literature. Representatives of the older generation perfectly remember such publications as “Pionerskaya Pravda” (the main newspaper of the organization), magazines “Koster”, “Pioneer”, etc. Pioneer broadcasts were broadcast on radio and television every day, even in the cinema they played documentary magazines before the start of the film .

About the life of children in those years when they were accepted into pioneers

Many wonderful children's films created in Soviet period, were dedicated to children of pioneer age and showed the life of schoolchildren in pioneer camps and detachments. Undoubtedly, these films, despite their ideological “impregnation,” contributed to truly high-quality education of children and adolescents in the USSR. In addition, filmed by true masters of their craft, they were genuine works of cinematic art and it was no coincidence that they were loved by millions of viewers - both children and adults.

The Pioneer Palaces that existed in each city were repurposed after the dissolution of the Pioneer organization in 1991 into DDT (Children's Art House). The children who visited them in those years were busy collecting scrap metal and waste paper, took part in the military sports game "Zarnitsa", as well as in competitions of football and hockey yard teams organized at the all-Union level. There was even a simplified version of the volleyball game - pioneerball (a team game with a soccer ball).

Voluntary youth fire brigades were organized. The pioneers were involved in all kinds of patrols monitoring the protection of forest and water resources, or as young assistant traffic inspectors on the roads. In addition, many children were involved in sports sections and clubs of various types.

Pioneers of the USSR

The largest children's organization in the USSR - the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin - was formed on May 19, 1922, since then May 19 has been celebrated as Pioneer Day. Until 1924, the pioneer movement bore the name of Spartak, and after Lenin’s death it received his name.

By 1970, the All-Union Pioneer Organization united 23 million pioneers in more than 118 thousand pioneer squads. Let me remind you a few interesting facts about the Soviet pioneers.

Pioneer Laws:

. A pioneer - a young builder of communism - works and studies for the good of the Motherland, preparing to become its defender.
. A pioneer is an active fighter for peace, a friend to pioneers and the children of workers of all countries.
. The pioneer looks up to the communists, prepares to become a Komsomol member, and leads the Octobrists.
. A pioneer values ​​the honor of his organization and strengthens its authority through his deeds and actions.
. A pioneer is a reliable comrade, respects elders, takes care of younger ones, and always acts according to conscience and honor.

Activities of the pioneer organization:

1. Collection of waste paper
2. Collection of scrap metal
3. Formation review and songs
4. Help for pensioners (Timurov movement)
5. Military sports "Zarnitsa"
6. All-Union competition of street football teams “Leather Ball”
7. All-Union competition of yard ice hockey teams “Golden Puck”
8. Team game with a ball Pioneerball (a simplified version of volleyball)
9. Team ball game “Sniper” (similar to the game “Dodgeball”)
10. Young assistant inspectors traffic("YuID" movement)
11. Youth volunteer fire brigades (YUDPD movement)
12. “Blue Patrol” (protection of water resources) and “Green Patrol” (protection of forests)
13. Young naturalists
14. Classes in sports clubs and sections
15. Raising service horses and dogs (in the 30s)

Palaces of Pioneers. They existed in every city, after the dissolution of 1991, they were repurposed into Houses of Children's and Youth Creativity.

Pioneer camps
The vast majority of pioneers spent their school holidays in pioneer camps. In the USSR there were about 40 thousand summer and year-round pioneer camps, where about 10 million children vacationed annually. There was a kind of unspoken hierarchy between them. The most famous of them was the All-Union Pioneer Camp of the Komsomol Central Committee "Artek", which had international status. The second place in prestige was occupied by the All-Russian Pioneer Camp "Orlyonok" ( Krasnodar region, RSFSR). This was followed by the republican recreation camps “Ocean” (Primorsky Territory, RSFSR), “Young Guard” (Odessa region, Ukrainian SSR) and “Zubrenok” (Minsk region, BSSR).


Symbols of the pioneer organization
. Pioneer tie
. Pioneer badge

Pioneer paraphernalia:

The most important pioneer attributes were the squad banner, squad flags, bugle and drum, which accompanied all ceremonial events. pioneer rituals. Each pioneer squad had a pioneer room where attributes were stored and meetings of the squad council were held. In the pioneer room there was a ritual stand with pioneer attributes, a Lenin corner and a corner of international friendship. At school and in classrooms, pioneers published and hung handwritten squad and detachment wall newspapers.

Pioneer uniform

IN ordinary days coincided with school uniform, complemented by pioneer symbols - a red tie and a pioneer badge. On special occasions (holidays, greetings at party and Komsomol forums, meetings of foreign delegations, etc.) a dress uniform was worn, which included:

Red caps, pioneer ties and badges;
. for boys - uniform white shirts with gilded buttons and sleeve emblems, belted with a light brown belt with a gilded buckle, blue trousers and dark shoes;
. girls also wear uniform white shirts with gilded buttons and sleeve emblems or just white blouses, blue skirts, white knee socks and white shoes;
. in regions with hot climates, shoes were replaced by sandals, and trousers could be replaced by shorts, if this did not contradict the spirit of the event and national traditions republics.

Pioneer publications
Newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda”, magazines “Pioneer”, “Koster”, “ Young technician", "Young Naturalist", etc.
Radio and television regularly produced programs for the pioneers, the call letters of the radio newspaper “Pionerskaya Zorka” were broadcast daily, the “Orlyonok” television studio operated on Central Television, and the monthly documentary film magazine “Pioneria” was shown in cinemas before the film was shown.

1964 Moscow. Palace of Pioneers.

1964 At the pioneer camp

1964 School. More on students old uniform, which in Moscow in 1975 will be replaced by a new one.

1965 Pioneers. Bratsk

1972 Moscow. Pioneers on Gorky Street.

1975 Moscow. The pioneers go to the mausoleum.

1975 Moscow. Pioneers lay flowers at the mausoleum.

1981 Khabarovsk. Pioneers.

1987 Pioneers.

1987 Riga. Pioneers.

1987 Star City. The pioneers are still marching.

1987 At the labor lesson. Or maybe physicists.

1987 In the school cafeteria.

Well, do you remember your childhood? Are you in tears? :))
Please answer just one question: “Is this the kind of pioneering we need now?”

History of the All-Union Pioneer Organization

At the end of 1921, the Central Committee of the RKSM created a special commission to develop a program and principles for the activities of a new children's organization. Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya took direct part in the work of the commission. One of the ideologists of scouting I.N. Zhukov, who sought to embody the positive aspects of the scouting movement in the children's organization, proposed the motto “Be prepared!”

May 19, 1922- The 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.

October 1922- The 5th All-Russian Congress of the RKSM decided to unite all pioneer detachments organized in different cities Russia, to the children's communist organization "Young Pioneers named after Spartak".

January 21, 1924- By the decision of the Komsomol Central Committee, the pioneer organization was named after V.I. Lenin.

March 1926- The pioneer organization became known as the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after. V.I.Lenin.

The first pioneer detachments, uniting the children of workers and peasants, worked at Komsomol cells of factories, factories, and institutions; participated in community cleanups, helped in the fight against child homelessness and in eliminating illiteracy.

1923- Outposts and bases began to be created in schools - associations of pioneers of a given school, regardless of their place of residence. There were up to 75 thousand pioneers in the pioneer organization.

Late 1930s- The restructuring of the All-Union Pioneer Organization according to the so-called school principle has been completed: class - detachment, school - pioneer squad. Military-defense work began in pioneer groups; circles for young shooters, orderlies, and signalmen were created, and military sports games were held.

1941-1945- A massive Timur movement has unfolded throughout the country, the emergence of which is associated with the name of the writer Arkady Gaidar and his story “Timur and His Team.”

Young pioneers helped the families of front-line soldiers, collected medicinal herbs, scrap metal, funds for tank columns, were on duty in hospitals, and worked in the harvest. For the courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, pioneers Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, thousands of pioneers were awarded orders and medals.

1962- All-Union Pioneer Organization for great job on communist education of children and in connection with the 40th anniversary she was awarded the Order of Lenin.

1970- In the World Pioneer Organization there were over 118 thousand squads, uniting 23 million pioneers. Over the entire existence of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, more than 210 million people have been in its ranks.

After “perestroika,” the All-Union Pioneer Organization abandoned its political overtones, adopting a new motto: “For the Motherland, goodness and justice.”

Mid 1980s- Attempts were made to reform the pioneer organization, but a children's and youth organization was not created on the same scale.

October 1990- The successor of the pioneer organization - "Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Unions" - an international voluntary independent union uniting children's public organizations, associations and others public associations, educated with the participation of children and in their interests.

The Union of Pioneer Organizations was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in 1992 as a non-state public organization, independent from political parties and movements.

Symbols and rituals in the pioneer organization

Pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a piece of the banner of the pioneer organization. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members, and pioneers. The tie was tied with a special knot. The chairman of the squad had a red tie with a yellow border. In the pre-war years, one of the attributes pioneer uniform there was a special clip that held the ends of the pioneer tie together. This attribute was desirable, but not required. The symbolism of the clamp is interesting. Five logs of fire mean five continents. Three flames - Comintern (3rd International). The disappearance of clamps from use in the post-war years has several reasons. First of all, this is the dissolution of the Comintern itself, in the flames of which the logs of the continents burn (accordingly, the symbolism lost its meaning). This was also facilitated by the mass psychosis that engulfed the broad masses of pioneers in the late thirties. It suddenly seemed to someone that in the flames of a fire, upon careful examination, one could find everything - from a Nazi swastika to Trotsky’s profile.

Pioneer badge was described in the Regulations on children's communist groups named after Spartak (the old name of the pioneers) dated August 28, 1923: the red waving flag depicts a hammer and sickle, a burning fire, and the motto “Be ready!”
On December 14, 1925, a second version of the badge appeared (Lenin’s mausoleum was added to it). In 1927, an image of Lenin appeared on the badge. In 1934, the badge was changed again - the motto changed to "Always ready!" In September 1942, the badge took the form of a five-pointed star, with a fire in the center and the motto “Always ready!” In 1944, instead of a fire, a hammer and sickle appeared in the center of the star, and three flames began to be depicted above the star. In 1962, the last example of the badge was adopted: in the center of the five-pointed star is Lenin’s profile, below it is the motto “Always Ready!”, and above the star there are three tongues of flame. There were pioneer squad badges - red with the image of a pioneer badge.

Firework- greeting the pioneers. A hand raised just above his head demonstrated that the pioneer put public interests above personal interests.

The pioneer gave a salute while in formation and out of formation: during the performance of the “Internationale”, the Anthem of the Soviet Union and the anthems of the union republics, when responding to the pioneer motto, at the command “Alignment to the banner!”, “Alignment to the flag!”, at the Mausoleum, at the monuments to V.I. Lenin and monuments and obelisks to fallen heroes. When submitting a report, when changing the guard at the banner, when declaring gratitude before the formation, awarding, when receiving the Red Banner, squad flag or pioneer attributes, welcoming the military and pioneer formation. At the parade, line, passing by the stands, the pioneers carried out the command “Attention!” with alignment to the right or left. During the greeting of the leaders of the pioneer organization, the honorary pioneers, the salute was given only by the senior counselor leading the column, the chairman of the squad council, squad leaders, chairmen of squad councils, and assistants at the banner.

Pioneer Banner- a red banner on which the pioneer badge and the motto “Be ready to fight for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union!” were depicted. Two Orders of Lenin were pinned to the main banner of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. Even the pioneer detachments had banners (on household level this is a school class) - red with a pioneer badge, squad number and honorary name of the squad.

Squad flag was a symbol of honor and cohesion of the pioneers, a sign of their belonging to a specific pioneer group. With the detachment flag, the pioneers went out to training camps, parades, holidays, hikes, excursions, and work activities. On the march, the flag leader walked directly behind the leader and the chairman of the detachment council, ahead of the bugler and drummer. At a Sunday or tourist stop, the flag was installed or fixed in a visible place.

Flag had to be able to carry out the following commands: “Be equal!”, “At attention!”, “At ease!”, “March!” The flag was stored in the pioneer room next to the squad banner. Horns and drums were usually kept here.
The names pioneer bugle and drum appeared almost simultaneously with the word “pioneer”. The history of these musical instruments is as great as the history of mankind. But there's more to it than just musical instruments. The sounds of the bugle and drum are a call to the pioneers, to their unity, to their activities aimed at protecting the Motherland, serving good, and seeking and establishing justice.

Horn called the pioneers with the signals: “Listen, everyone,” “Gathering,” “To the banner,” “March,” “To the line,” “Alarm,” and some others. The detachment's bugler - this was a responsible pioneer assignment, he had to be able to carry out drill techniques with a bugle and give signals: “Listen everyone”, “Gathering”, “To the banner”, “March”, “To the line”, “Alarm” and some others. On the pioneer line, the place of the bugler was on the right flank of the formation next to the drummer, in the column of the detachment - behind the flag.

Drum accompanied the formation during campaigns, processions, and parades. The drummer of the detachment (he, like the bugler, was elected by the assembly or council of the detachment) had to be able to perform drill techniques, perform the “March”, “Fraction”.

All these symbols and rituals were borrowed by the organizers from scouting, as well as the division into groups, the institute of counselors, gatherings around the fire, elements of symbolism (for example, in the pioneer badge, three flames of a fire replaced the three petals of a scout badge, 3 ends of a tie began to mean 3 generations - pioneers, Komsomol members and communists, etc.).

Oath was pronounced by everyone joining the ranks of the organization.

It sounded like this: “I, I.F., joining the ranks of the All-Union Pioneer Organization, in the face of my comrades, solemnly swear: to passionately love my Motherland; live, study and fight as the great Lenin bequeathed, as he teaches Communist Party; Always follow the laws of the pioneers of the Soviet Union."
"Be ready!"
"Always ready!"

Law of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union All pioneers had to know it by heart.
The pioneer is devoted to the Motherland, the party, and communism.
A pioneer is preparing to become a Komsomol member.
The pioneer looks up to the heroes of struggle and labor.
The pioneer honors the memory of the fallen fighters and prepares to become a defender of the Fatherland.
A pioneer is the best in studies, work and sports.
A pioneer is an honest and faithful comrade, always boldly standing for the truth.
Pioneer - comrade and leader of the October.
A pioneer is a friend to pioneers and the children of workers of all countries.