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Geographical location The republic is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the topography of Karelia; moraine ridges, eskers, Kama, and lake basins appeared in abundance. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing on the territory of Karelia from marine to continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts. Summer is short and cool (in the northern regions), with a large number precipitation. Even in June there are sometimes frosts in the republic. Heat is rare and does not occur for two to three weeks in the southern regions every year. IN northern regions heat occurs extremely rarely, and no more than a few days.

Fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young, it was formed after Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, flying squirrel and brown long-eared bat are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia you can see the lodges of European and Canadian beavers. Canadian beaver, as well as muskrat, American mink are acclimatized representatives of the fauna North America. Raccoon dog is also not a native inhabitant of Karelia, she comes from Far East. Since the late 1960s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There are bear, lynx, badger and wolf. Karelia is home to 285 species of birds, of which 36 species are included in the Red Book of Karelia.

Fauna The most common birds are finches. Upland game such as hazel grouse, black grouse, ptarmigan, and wood grouse can be found. Every spring to Karelia from warm countries the geese are flying. Distributed birds of prey: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, spindle, viviparous lizard and sand lizard. Insects are practically invisible in winter, but in summer there are a lot of midges around: mosquitoes, midges, midges and horseflies of many types: true horsefly, lacewings, rainflies, deer horseflies, gray horseflies. Ticks are common in the south of the republic. In Karelia you can find rare butterfly Swallowtail

Flora As well as fauna, flora Karelia was formed relatively recently, 1015 thousand years ago. Prevail coniferous forests, to the north there are pine trees, to the south there are both pine and spruce trees. The main conifers are Scots pine and Scots spruce. Finnish spruce (north of the republic) and Siberian spruce (east) are less common. Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, some types of willows

Rivers and lakes There are several rivers in Karelia, of which the largest are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with a waterfall Kivach, Vyg. Also in the republic near lakes. Together with the swamps, they contain about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the most large lakes in Europe. Other large lakes Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozero, Segozero, Syamozero, Topozero, Vygozero, Yushkozero.

The Republic of Karelia is the legal successor of the Karelian Labor Commune. The western border of Karelia coincides with the state border Russian Federation and Finland, has a length of 798.3 km, at the same time being the border with European Union. In the east, Karelia borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south on Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north with Murmansk region. The capital of the Republic of Karelia is the city of Petrozavodsk.

Geography The Republic of Karelia is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the topography of Karelia; moraine ridges, eskers, kamas, and lake basins appeared in abundance. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The weather is changeable. The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing in Karelia from marine to temperate continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts; if frosts occur, it is only for a few days. Summers are short and warm, with plenty of precipitation. Even in June there are sometimes frosts in the republic (extremely rare). Heat is rare and occurs for two to three weeks in the southern regions, but due to high humidity it is noticeable even at 20°C. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare and lasts no more than a few days.

Geology Karelia's subsoil resources include: 489 explored deposits, 31 types of solid minerals, 386 peat deposits, 14 deposits of groundwater for domestic and drinking purposes, 2 deposits mineral waters, 10 officially recognized and over 200 registered geological monuments.

Main minerals: iron ore, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, precious metals, diamonds, mica, building materials(granites, diabases, marbles), ceramic raw materials (pegmatites, spar), apatite-carbonate ores, alkaline amphibole-asbestos. granite diabase marble

As of September 1, 2004, the distributed subsoil fund in the Republic of Karelia included 606 valid licenses: for precious metals and diamonds 14, solid non-common minerals 16, block stone 94, building stone for the production of crushed stone 76, other common minerals (mainly sand and gravel materials) 286, groundwater 120. More than 600 deposits have been put on balance. Of these, 378 peat, 77 sand and gravel material, 38 natural facing stone, 34 building stone, 27 muscovite sheets, 26 feldspathic raw materials, 21 construction sands, 13 groundwater, 9 milky white quartz, 8 ore raw materials ( iron ores, vanadium, tin, molybdenum), 8 clays, 7 small-sized muscovite, 3 kyanite ores, 7 mineral paints, 4 sulfur-pyrite ores, 3 raw materials for mineral wool, 1 shungite, 1 raw materials for stone casting, 1 quartzite, 1 dolomite for metallurgy, 1 talcum stone.

Hydrology There are several rivers in Karelia, of which the largest are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with Kivach waterfalls and Vyg. In the republic near lakes. Together with the swamps, they contain about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozevro, Segozevro, Syamozevro, Topoz Euro, Vygozevro, Yushkozevro. Since the territory of Karelia is located on the Baltic crystalline shield, many rivers have rapids and are often lined with stone banks.

Flora and fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young, it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, flying squirrel and the brown long-eared bat are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia you can see the lodges of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat and American mink, are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America.

The raccoon dog is also not an indigenous inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from the Far East. Since the end of the 1990s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There are bear, lynx, badger and wolf. Karelia is home to 285 species of birds, of which 36 species are included in the Red Book of Karelia. The most common birds are finches. Upland game such as hazel grouse, black grouse, ptarmigan, and wood grouse can be found. Every spring, geese fly to Karelia from warm countries. Birds of prey are common: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. Among the waterfowl: ducks, loons, waders, many seagulls and the largest of the diving ducks of Karelia, the common eider, valuable for its warm down. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, spindle, viviparous lizard and sand lizard.

Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently, 10-15 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, pine forests to the north, and pine and spruce forests to the south. The main conifers are Scots pine and Scots spruce. Less common are Finnish spruce (north of the republic), Siberian spruce (east), and extremely rare Siberian larch (in Zaonezhye, in areas bordering the Arkhangelsk region). Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, and some types of willow. Mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central ones, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the shores of lakes and in damp, swampy places, black alder is found (its individual locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, Smooth elm and Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is the land of berries; lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow here in abundance; raspberries, both wild and feral, grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. In the south of the republic, strawberries and currants grow abundantly. Juniper is common in the forests, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Red viburnum is occasionally found. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rare.

Mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central ones, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the shores of lakes and in damp, swampy places, black alder is found (its individual locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, Smooth elm and Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is a land of berries; lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, and cranberries grow in abundance here; raspberries, both wild and feral, grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. In the south of the republic, strawberries and currants grow abundantly. Juniper is common in the forests, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Red viburnum is occasionally found. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rarely found.

There are two nature reserves in Karelia: “Kivach” and “Kostomuksha”, as well as the Kem-Ludsky section of the Kandalaksha nature reserve. Ecological routes are laid out on their territories, there are nature museums, and scientific tourism is carried out. There are three in the republic national parks“Vodlozersky” (partly located in the Arkhangelsk region), “Paanajärvi” and “Kalevalsky”.

There are also two museum-reserves: “Valaam” and “Kizhi”. The Ladoga Skerries park is at the design and development stage. In addition, in the 2000s it was planned to create national parks“Tulos” in the Muezersky district and “Koitajoki-Tolvajarvi” based on the Tolvoyarvi landscape reserve in the Suoyarvi district, north of Ladoga.

The Republic of Karelia is the legal successor of the Karelian Labor Commune. The western border of Karelia coincides with the state border of the Russian Federation and Finland, has a length of 798.3 km, and at the same time is the border with the European Union. In the east, Karelia borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south on the Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north on the Murmansk region. The capital of the Republic of Karelia is the city of Petrozavodsk.

Geography The Republic of Karelia is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the topography of Karelia; moraine ridges, eskers, kamas, and lake basins appeared in abundance. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The weather is changeable. The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing in Karelia from marine to temperate continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts; if frosts occur, it is only for a few days. Summers are short and warm, with plenty of precipitation. Even in June there are sometimes frosts in the republic (extremely rare). Heat is rare and occurs for two to three weeks in the southern regions, but due to high humidity it is noticeable even at 20°C. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare and lasts no more than a few days.

Geology Karelia's subsoil resources include: 489 explored deposits, 31 types of solid minerals, 386 peat deposits, 14 deposits of groundwater for domestic and drinking purposes, 2 mineral water deposits, 10 officially recognized and over 200 registered geological monuments.

Main minerals: iron ore, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, precious metals, diamonds, mica, building materials (granites, diabases, marbles), ceramic raw materials (pegmatites, spar), apatite-carbonate ores, alkaline amphibole-asbestos. granite diabase marble

As of September 1, 2004, the distributed subsoil fund in the Republic of Karelia included 606 valid licenses: for precious metals and diamonds 14, solid non-common minerals 16, block stone 94, building stone for the production of crushed stone 76, other common minerals (mainly sand and gravel materials) 286, groundwater 120. More than 600 deposits have been put on the balance sheet. Of these, 378 peat, 77 sand and gravel material, 38 natural facing stone, 34 building stone, 27 muscovite sheets, 26 feldspathic raw materials, 21 construction sands, 13 groundwater, 9 milky white quartz, 8 ore raw materials (iron ores, vanadium , tin, molybdenum), 8 clays, 7 small-sized muscovite, 3 kyanite ores, 7 mineral paints, 4 sulfur-pyrite ores, 3 raw materials for mineral wool, 1 shungite, 1 raw materials for stone casting, 1 quartzite, 1 dolomite for metallurgy, 1 soapstone.

Hydrology There are several rivers in Karelia, of which the largest are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with Kivach waterfalls and Vyg. In the republic near lakes. Together with the swamps, they contain about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozevro, Segozevro, Syamozevro, Topoz Euro, Vygozevro, Yushkozevro. Since the territory of Karelia is located on the Baltic crystalline shield, many rivers have rapids and are often lined with stone banks.

Flora and fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young, it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, the flying squirrel and the brown long-eared bat, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia you can see the lodges of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat and American mink, are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America.

The raccoon dog is also not an indigenous inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from the Far East. Since the end of the 1990s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There are bear, lynx, badger and wolf. Karelia is home to 285 species of birds, of which 36 species are included in the Red Book of Karelia. The most common birds are finches. Upland game such as hazel grouse, black grouse, ptarmigan, and wood grouse can be found. Every spring, geese fly to Karelia from warm countries. Birds of prey are common: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. Among the waterfowl: ducks, loons, waders, many seagulls and the largest of the diving ducks of Karelia, the common eider, valuable for its warm down. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, spindle, viviparous lizard and sand lizard.

Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently, 10-15 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, pine forests to the north, and pine and spruce forests to the south. The main conifers are Scots pine and Scots spruce. Less common are Finnish spruce (north of the republic), Siberian spruce (east), and extremely rare Siberian larch (in Zaonezhye, in areas bordering the Arkhangelsk region). Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, and some types of willow. Mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central ones, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the shores of lakes and in damp, swampy places, black alder is found (its individual locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, Smooth elm and Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is the land of berries; lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow here in abundance; raspberries, both wild and feral, grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. In the south of the republic, strawberries and currants grow abundantly. Juniper is common in the forests, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Red viburnum is occasionally found. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rare.

Mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central ones, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the shores of lakes and in damp, swampy places, black alder is found (its individual locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, Smooth elm and Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is a land of berries; lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, and cranberries grow in abundance here; raspberries, both wild and feral, grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. In the south of the republic, strawberries and currants grow abundantly. Juniper is common in the forests, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Red viburnum is occasionally found. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rarely found.

There are two nature reserves in Karelia: “Kivach” and “Kostomuksha”, as well as the Kem-Ludsky section of the Kandalaksha nature reserve. Ecological routes are laid out on their territories, there are nature museums, and scientific tourism is carried out. There are three national parks in the republic: Vodlozersky (partly located in the Arkhangelsk region), Paanajärvi and Kalevalsky.

There are also two museum-reserves: “Valaam” and “Kizhi”. The Ladoga Skerries park is at the design and development stage. In addition, in the 2000s, it was planned to create national parks “Tulos” in the Muezersky district and “Koitajoki-Tolvajarvi” on the basis of the Tolvoyarvi landscape reserve in the Suoyarvi district, north of Ladoga.

Slide 1

Geography presentation on the topic: Karelia

Novikovsky branch of MBOU KSOSH

The presentation was prepared by 8th grade student Petr Arestov

Slide 2

Flag Coat of Arms

Slide 3

Geographical location

The republic is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, washed by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the Western Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the topography of Karelia - moraine ridges, eskers, Kama, and lake basins appeared in abundance. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Slide 4

The climate is mild with plenty of precipitation, changing in Karelia from marine to continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts. Summer is short and cool (in the northern regions), with a lot of precipitation. Even in June there are sometimes frosts in the republic. Heat is rare and does not occur for two to three weeks in the southern regions every year. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare, and no more than a few days.

Slide 5

The fauna of Karelia is relatively young, it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, the flying squirrel and the brown long-eared bat, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia you can see the lodges of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat and American mink, are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America. The raccoon dog is also not an indigenous inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from the Far East. Since the late 1960s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There are bear, lynx, badger and wolf. Karelia is home to 285 species of birds, of which 36 species are included in the Red Book of Karelia.

Slide 6

The most common birds are finches. Upland game can be found - hazel grouse, black grouse, ptarmigan, wood grouse. Every spring, geese fly to Karelia from warm countries. Birds of prey are common: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, snake, spindle, viviparous lizard and sand lizard. Insects are practically invisible in winter, but in summer there are a lot of midges around: mosquitoes, midges, midges and horseflies of many types: true horsefly, lacewings, rainflies, deer horseflies, gray horseflies. Ticks are common in the south of the republic. In Karelia you can find the rare swallowtail butterfly.

Slide 7

Swallowtail butterfly Brown bear Hare Lynx Hedgehog Fox

Slide 8

Brown long-eared flying squirrel Canadian beaver Muskrat

Raccoon dog

Viviparous lizard

godwit

Slide 9

Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently - 10-15 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, to the north - pine forests, to the south - both pine and spruce forests. The main conifers are Scots pine and Scots spruce. Finnish spruce (north of the republic) and Siberian spruce (east) are less common. Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, some types of willows

Slide 10

Fluffy birch

Silver birch or warty birch

Gray alder Black alder Siberian spruce

Slide 11

Rivers and lakes

There are about 27,000 rivers in Karelia, of which the largest are: Vodla (length - 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with a waterfall Kivach, Vyg. There are also about 60,000 lakes in the republic. Together with the swamps, they contain about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozero, Segozero, Syamozero, Topozero, Vygozero, Yushkozero.