The best pro system. The most dangerous anti-aircraft missile in the world

The development of the MiG-25 jet fighter by the Soviet Union - the fastest in the world to this day - frightened NATO and the United States, since, in their opinion, this machine, despite its similarity to a “cargo van”, had super maneuverability and a high operational ceiling, writes We Are The Mighty. However, as the portal notes, in reality the MiG turned out to be not a table...

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System S-300 "Favorit".
Photo courtesy of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern

Well-known in expert circles think tank Air Power Australia in early February presented an in-depth study on the combat capabilities of modern military aviation and current air defense systems. The American “air sword” and the Russian “shield” are taken as the basis.

ETERNAL COMPETITION

The choice of hypothetical opponents does not appear to be random. The USA has the highest potential air force and, in addition, they hold the lead in the supply of aviation military equipment abroad. Russia is the leader in the production and export of air defense equipment. It is enough to note that only one of its air defense concerns, Almaz-Antey, supplies products manufactured at its enterprises to more than fifty countries around the world (see map).

The arms market itself tells you who is the leader in which area. There is no need for experts who are prone to subjective assessments for various reasons. Because they vote in the market using funds from budgetary allocations. Thousands and thousands of specialists, officials, and high-ranking military personnel are involved in operations to determine the best and most advantageous “cost-effectiveness” ratio of a particular type of weapon. Subjectivism is kept to a minimum.

In fact, Russian air defense systems are classified as premium. This assessment of researchers from Air Power Australia is supported by their high combat reliability, destruction efficiency and relatively low price by the standards of the arms market. Let's say that Americans of this class of systems are much more expensive, despite the same reliability, efficiency and combat capabilities their products are significantly lower than Russian ones.

The conclusion of foreign experts is interesting: modern Russian anti-aircraft missile systems and radar systems have reached a level that virtually excludes the possibility of survival of US combat aircraft in the event of a military clash.

According to an Australian study, not only the American F-15, F-16 and F/A-18 aircraft, but even the promising fifth-generation multi-role fighter Joint Strike Fighter, also known as the F-35 Lightning II, are not capable of resisting Russian air defense. And in order to achieve the superiority that US military aviation enjoyed at the end of the Cold War, the Pentagon needs to field at least 400 more F-22 Raptors. Otherwise, American aviation will finally lose its strategic superiority over Russian air defense.

As analysts note, this circumstance may also affect the US position in the world. Countries such as China, Iran and Venezuela will be well aware that the Americans will not agree to open military confrontation, realizing that as a result of this, the US Air Force and Navy will lose hundreds of combat aircraft and pilots. That is, the United States armed forces risk unacceptable damage. Of course, unacceptable from the point of view of American politicians, whose careers in such a development of events will end in national disgrace.

Air Power Australia recalls that its expert Dr Carlo Coll, who defended his thesis in the field of radar technology, compared the capabilities of modern Russian anti-aircraft missile systems and American F-35 fighters and concluded that these aircraft would be easy targets. The manufacturer of the latest winged aircraft, the American corporation Lockheed Martin, has never tried to publicly challenge the expert’s statement.

The researchers also concluded that since the end of the Cold War, Russian designers have achieved significant results in modernizing air defense systems. Moreover, the opportunity to comprehensively and objectively assess the potential probable enemy at Russian engineers and scientists appeared due to military conflicts in Iran in 1991 and in Serbia in 1999. This process, as noted in the report, is in many ways reminiscent of a chess game. As a result, the Russians were able to figure out how to checkmate American combat aircraft.

Comparing the capabilities of modern air defense systems and aircraft, analysts also note that the Russian S-400 Triumph anti-aircraft missile system, produced by the Almaz-Antey air defense concern and already adopted by the Russian army, today actually has no analogues in the world. Technical capabilities"Triumph" is significantly higher than that of the American Patriot, and is twice as superior in combat performance to the well-known predecessor of the S-400 - the S-300 "Favorite" system, supplied to China, Slovakia, Vietnam and Cyprus. In the future, "Triumph" may become a core project in the military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with Arab countries, in particular with the United Arab Emirates.

And what is typical, the study emphasizes, is that Russia is building a deeply layered air defense system. If the S-300 and S-400 complexes are long-range, then they tenaciously interact with short- and medium-range complexes. They complement each other and at the same time insure, creating an insurmountable and continuous wall for the air aggressor. Short- and medium-range anti-aircraft missile systems of the Tor, Buk, and Tunguska types were supplied, in particular, to China, Iran, India, Greece, Syria, Egypt, Finland, and Morocco.

In addition to traditional customers of Russian military products, countries such as Singapore and Brazil, which have purchased man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems, are also interested in domestic air defense systems.

Russia's position in the market for sea-based anti-aircraft missile systems is also very strong. For example, the Shtil, Reef, and Klinok air defense systems are successfully operated on warships.

FROM AIR DEFENSE TO ABM

Anti-aircraft missile systems of the S-300 family are considered one of the most powerful air defense systems in the world. The development of this system began in the 1960s, when the USSR Armed Forces demanded the creation of a mobile multi-channel medium-range air defense system capable of protecting the country's skies from massive raids modern aviation using guided weapons.

Testing of the future S-300 took place in the 1970s. In order to misinform a potential enemy, according to the documents, the new air defense system was designated as the S-75M6 - another modernization of the “veteran” complex, widely known throughout the world at that time, which entered combat duty back in the late 1950s. The terms of reference provided for the development of three versions of the air defense system - S-300P for air defense, S-300V for ground forces and S-300F - a ship-based complex for the Navy.

Systems for air defense troops and the navy were mainly focused on defeating aircraft and cruise missiles, the military complex had to have greater capabilities to intercept ballistic targets in order to provide missile defense. Nowadays, the S-300 systems form the basis of the air defense of our country and Russian Ground Forces, and are also successfully sold on the world market.

Based on the S-300 air defense system, the newest S-400 system has been developed, capable of firing both new missiles and using the ammunition of its predecessor. The S-400 air defense system has the combat capabilities, mobility and noise immunity of the latest versions of the S-300 complex, combined with a longer firing range.

The S-400 system is designed to destroy all types of aircraft - airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles and cruise missiles. An important difference between the S-400 and the S-300 is new anti-aircraft missiles with active homing heads and an increased firing range. "Triumph" is capable of destroying a target at a distance of up to 400 km and at an altitude of 30 km. These indicators allow us to consider the complex not only as an air defense weapon, but also partially as an anti-missile weapon.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force, Colonel General Alexander Zelin, reveals the secrets of the S-400 Triumph complex: it can hit “a super-maneuverable small-sized target with an effective reflective surface, which a five-ruble coin has.” He is able to cope with air targets that are made using stealth technology, that is, invisible aircraft with a low effective reflective surface.

The Air Force Commander is extremely proud that the new generation S-400 anti-aircraft missile system is expected to be used to ensure the safety of participants and guests of the 2014 Winter Olympics. “Builders will build facilities in Sochi for the Olympics, and we will prepare an air defense system that will ensure the reliable holding of the Olympic Games,” the general said in a recent interview.

Of course, reliable protection of both the people who arrived at the Olympics and the Sochi residents themselves is the most important thing, no one is going to argue about the need for this. And a margin of safety won’t hurt here. Moreover, in the immediate vicinity is Georgia, against which Russian troops not so long ago fought fighting. And the fervor of anti-Russian sentiment there has not yet subsided.

However, life does not stand still. Two years ago, the Military-Industrial Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation set the task, in particular, for the Almaz-Antey air defense concern to develop advanced fifth-generation air defense and missile defense weapons. His distinctive feature will consist in the fact that fire, information and command systems and complexes will merge together.

This is the next stage in the fight for a clean and peaceful sky. The Russian reserve is high, but the closest competitor, the United States, also does not want to see itself as an outsider. The competition between technical schools and simply military potential is intensifying.

Today, August 29, at an air force base in California, USA, the latest secret American technology was launched - the Delta IV spy satellite. The object is the most powerful rocket in the entire history of mankind. Its height is 71 meters, engine performance is 17 million horsepower, and one launch of the monster cost the United States one million dollars.

Source: dailymail.co.uk

America has always been different special treatment To world organizations and their large-scale events. Therefore, the owners themselves powerful rocket in the world they decided to launch it on August 29th - the International Day of Action against nuclear tests. The funny thing is that the States have never admitted what the purpose of the development, construction and launch of Delta IV was.

Source: dailymail.co.uk

The men's online magazine MPORT remembers that not only the States have more powerful weapon. There are many more countries in the world that can also boast intercontinental ballistic missiles. Find out what you, a peaceful inhabitant of planet Earth, should be most afraid of?

The most mobile - Topol-M

Source: waronline.com

Manufacturer - Russia, first launch was carried out in 1994. Launch weight - 46 and a half tons. It is considered the basis of Russian nuclear weapons.

The most protected - Yars RS-24

Source: waronline.com

Manufacturer - Russia, first launch - in 2007. Flight range - 11 thousand kilometers. Unlike Topol-M, it has multiple warheads. In addition to warheads, Yars also carries a set of missile defense penetration capabilities, which makes it much more difficult for the enemy to detect and intercept it. This innovation makes the RS-24 the most successful combat missile in the context of global deployment American system PRO. And you can even place it on a railway carriage.

The heaviest - R-36M Satan

Source: waronline.com

First launch - 1970, weight - 211 tons, flight range - 11,200 - 16,000 kilometers. Missile systems located in silos cannot be too light by definition. Satan simply broke the record of all heavyweights.

The most accurate - Trident II D5

Source: waronline.com

Manufacturer - USA, first launched in 1987. Weight - 58 tons, flight range - 11,300 kilometers. Trident is based on submarines, and is capable of hitting protected intercontinental ballistic missile silos and protected command posts with the highest possible accuracy.

The fastest - Minuteman LGM-30G

Source: waronline.com

Manufacturer - USA, first launch - 1966. The mass of the rocket is 35 and a half tons. Range - 13,000 kilometers. It is believed that this rocket is one of the most fast ICBMs in the world and can accelerate to more than 24 thousand kilometers per hour during the terminal phase of flight.

The most sophisticated - MX (LGM-118A) Peacekeeper

Source: waronline.com

Manufacturer - USA, first launched in 1983. Weight - 88.44 tons, flight range - 9600 kilometers. The heavy intercontinental ballistic missile Peacemaker is simply the embodiment of the latest technology. For example, the use of composite materials. It also has a higher hit accuracy, and - which is especially characteristic - increased “survivability” of the missile under nuclear conditions.

The very first - R-7

In the coming year, as well as in the past, the Russian Armed Forces will receive the new generation Verba man-portable anti-aircraft missile system (MANPADS). This unique product developed by specialists from Kolomna JSC NPK Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau, which is part of JSC NPO High-Precision Complexes of the Rostec state corporation.

The new product primarily equips Ground Forces brigades (motorized rifle and tank), as well as Airborne Divisions.

The complex's equipment is supplied to the troops in kits, which include not only the MANPADS itself, maintenance equipment, training equipment, but also detection equipment with automated system management "Barnaul-T".

"Verba" adopted for service Russian army in 2015. And it became a sensation at the first public demonstration during the International Military-Technical Forum “Army-2015” in Kubinka near Moscow. This MANPADS in its characteristics and capabilities surpasses all similar products in service with countries around the world.

AND ONE WARRIOR IN THE FIELD

The man-portable anti-aircraft missile system as such is designed to be fired by one person. How can one not recall the textbook: “And there is only one warrior in the field.” To better understand the essence of this unique thing, a little.

MANPADS with guided missiles (and this is a fundamentally new step in arming the army) were first used in 1969 in the Arab-Israeli “war of attrition.” These were the Soviet Strela-2. In one day, they destroyed three Israeli A4 Skyhawk aircraft. And with only three missiles. The result shocked military experts. In the same battle, two missiles were fired at Mirage III aircraft, but the targets were outside the kill zone.

A few years earlier there was American complex"Red Eye". And since those years, MANPADS have been actively used throughout the world.

Portable systems fit harmoniously into network-centric and hybrid wars. They were originally created to cover ground forces military units and over half a century of their existence they have more than proven that they are equal combat units modern army. They are still idolized today for their simplicity and effectiveness. Over the history of their existence, Soviet and then Russian MANPADS shot down more than 700 aircraft. Used in Egypt, Iraq, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia to protect military units in the Peruvian conflict.

The famous “Stinger” made its presence felt loudly in Afghanistan starting in 1986. These MANPADS shot down more than a hundred Soviet planes and helicopters. Our special forces groups were hunting for the Stinger. IN short time Several missiles were captured, which were subsequently taken to the USSR and used to create countermeasures systems.

APPEARANCES ARE DECEPTIVE

The creators of the first domestic MANPADS - brilliant designers Boris Shavyrin and Sergei Invincible. I was lucky enough to be accompanied by KBM employees to Invincible’s apartment in a high-rise building on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment several years before the death of the master of the defense industry. I remember the majestic figure, the sparkle of a fanatic in his eyes, his magnetism. And - an incredible amount of knowledge poured out on the interlocutor like a waterfall.

MANPADS are just one of almost three dozen brainchildren of Invincible, and therefore of KBM. Among them is the Oka operational-tactical missile system, which was replaced by the Iskander, the active protection Arena tanks, all-weather anti-tank missile system Khrizantema-S and much more. Today, the general designer of KBM is Valery Kashin, a student and follower of the Invincible. Under his leadership, Igla-S was created, the development of which became Verba.

Despite the external similarity of the new product to its predecessors, this is a completely different weapon, with new characteristics. "Verba" is capable of successfully hitting not only traditional air targets - airplanes and helicopters, but also so-called low-emission targets - cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles aircrafts.

Its differences from its predecessor are significant. For the first time in the world, a fundamentally new homing head is installed on a product - an optical three-band (or three-spectral) one: it operates in the ultraviolet, near-infrared and mid-infrared ranges. This allows you to get more information about the target, which makes the complex a “selective” weapon.

The three sensors constantly check each other, making it difficult for the aircraft targeted by the missile to mislead it by using decoys. The homing head automatically “selects” false thermal targets (interference) and focuses on the object, albeit not with the strongest thermal radiation, but precisely on the one that needs to be hit. The sensitivity of the missile homing head has been increased eight (!) times. Accordingly, the zone for capturing and destroying air targets has also increased: compared to the previous generation Igla-S MANPADS - 2.5 times. The complex is equipped with a Mowgli-2 night vision sight.

The automated control system allows you to detect air targets, including group ones, determine their flight parameters and even distribute targets between shooters. The new rocket engine makes it possible to fire a shot at an object located at a distance of 6 km from the shooter. The height of the lesion is from 10 m to 3.5 km. The mass of the launcher with the power source and the missile inside in the firing position is only 17.25 kg.

In short, we are talking about a unique innovative technology. The rocket, according to KBM General Designer Valery Kashin, is “fully digital”, it is hermetically sealed, and materials that are insensitive to aggressive environments are used for its manufacture. During flight, the rocket is controlled autonomously. The homing system is designed so that it can deceive anti-aircraft missile systems goals. The fighter is required to press start, and then the rocket will do everything itself. The friend-foe recognition system significantly reduces the risk of hitting friendly aircraft.

COMPETITORS ARE YEARS BEHIND

Verba MANPADS can be used not only from the shoulder. In the future, it is possible to install turrets with the Verba missile on ships and helicopters. MANPADS "Igla-S" is used as part of shipborne installations "Gibka" and in sets of autonomous modules "Strelets" on combat helicopters. “Verba” will go the same way,” Valery Kashin said the other day. Moreover, according to him, the Verba MANPADS from the very beginning was developed taking into account the possibility of using it, in addition to the one named, on “other movable military equipment.” Which one remains to be seen.

In terms of its characteristics, the Verba complex surpasses not only the Igla-1, Igla, Igla-S MANPADS in service with the Russian army, but also their foreign analogues– American “Stinger” Block I and Chinese QW-2. American MANPADS significantly loses to “Verba” in all respects.

The Russian government has allowed the new product to be sold abroad, and there is already a foreign buyer. Manufacturers, however, have not yet said who exactly. The US military named the new Russian MANPADS one of the most “worrisome” types of weapons, and its export is a “potentially threatening event.” Russia has created the most dangerous anti-aircraft system in history, writes the American publication Business Insider.

The Israelis were also concerned about the prospect of selling Verba. They say: “Verba” is capable of breaking the resistance of most defensive systems of Western armies. IN local conflicts Over the past three decades, man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems have posed the greatest danger to military aviation.

The Israeli government has decided to equip its fleet of aircraft with DIRCM directed infrared countermeasures systems to protect against MANPADS. This system combines passive, optical missile detection detectors and directed, infrared countermeasures. The developers of the system claim that the laser beam disrupts the attack of a missile fired at an aircraft and forces it to deviate from its course. Perhaps these threats extend to MANPADS early models, but not to Verba, say Russian military experts with whom the author spoke.

Numerous exercises taking place Russian troops confirm: “Verba” confidently destroys targets simulating attack drones, helicopters and attack aircraft of a mock enemy. This MANPADS operates at extremely maximum ranges and altitudes, on oncoming and catch-up courses.

The quality and reliability of the complex have been significantly improved, its operation, maintenance and training have been simplified. Gradually, "Verba" will replace all MANPADS of earlier types. This will make it possible to completely unify the arsenals of types and branches of troops according to this species weapons.

Israeli corporation Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. published a video where, using computer graphics, she presented the capabilities of the latest AIR EW Systems radar warfare system, which is currently being developed by the Israeli defense industry.

The electronic jamming system (ERS) consists of three components: Sky Shield ESM (wide-range radar suppression), Light Shield ESM (short-range radar suppression) and an X-Guard container towed on a cable. The last element, according to the developers, should divert missile defense missiles towards itself.

According to the script of the video, a group of multirole F-16 fighters equipped with AIR EW Systems takes off to attack enemy infrastructure facilities (a thermal power plant was chosen as a conditional target).

The system disorients the enemy’s air defense - this role is played by air defense systems reminiscent of the Russian S-400 and Pantsir-S.

Anti-aircraft missiles fired at the air group are diverted by the towed X-Guard container, as a result of which the missiles are thrown off course, and the fighters strike the civilian infrastructure of the mock enemy. Electronic warfare system AIR EW Systems on this moment is in the final stages of development.

Systemic struggle

It should be noted that the Israeli military has real experience in breaking through enemy air defenses. We are talking, in particular, about air operation"Artsav-19", carried out during the conflict between Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic in 1982.

However, that operation involved a whole arsenal of offensive weapons. First, the IAI Scout UAV and Mastiff small remotely piloted aerial vehicles conducted reconnaissance, determining the location of the Syrian anti-aircraft missile systems and airfields, for which, based on the data obtained, missile strikes. Shrike homing anti-radar missiles were also involved in the operation, with the help of which the Israeli Air Force destroyed the Syrian air defense radar.

At the same time, an entire air group was responsible for the radar support of the operation, including the American carrier-based long-range radar detection aircraft E-2C Hawkeye, equipped with a radar antenna and a “friend or foe” identification system. The result of a carefully planned operation was the victory of the Israeli side over the air defense systems of the Syrian Arab Republic.

The scheme for breaking through the enemy's layered air defense system today represents a multi-stage and carefully coordinated operation using various UAVs, early warning aircraft, radar warfare systems and fighters. To detect and confuse enemy air defenses, the Israeli military, in particular, can use “dummy” ATALD (Advanced Tactical Air Launched Decoy & Aerial Target) missiles produced by the state corporation Israel Military Industries. The missile is designed to simulate the appearance of multiple targets on enemy radars. It is expected that this will force him to switch his air defenses to combat mode, which will allow the radar detection systems of the attacking side to detect the position of enemy air defense systems.

After anti-aircraft systems the enemy will be defeated by cruise missile strikes long range and attack drones, fighters equipped with electronic warfare systems can join in the operation.

As Lieutenant General of the Reserve, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force in 2003-2007 on issues of the United Air Defense System of the CIS member states Aitech Bizhev explained in an interview with RT, the air defense system is a whole complex, including systems for suppressing radio interference of the on-board equipment of attacking aircraft, fighter aircraft, as well as close and long-range air defense systems.

An attack on such a system is impossible with a single air group of fighters, the expert explained.

“In commercials, each country presents its achievements in at its best. But a true assessment can only be given based on the results of a real battle,” Bizhev emphasized. — If an attack and breakthrough of the enemy’s air defense is planned, then, for example, a group of electronic suppression aircraft should participate in the operation, which will “blind” the air defense systems with interference. And only goes after them attack aircraft, which performs combat mission. This algorithm is accepted all over the world; it is a classic scheme.”

Defender of the Sky

The fact that it is Russian models of air defense systems that appear as a conditional enemy in advertising videos of foreign defense companies is confirmation of leadership Russian developments, experts say.

“Of course, in materials aimed at promoting their products, the most best samples weapons,” explained the head of the department of political science and sociology of the Russian Economic University. G.V. Plekhanov, expert of the Association of Military Political Scientists Andrey Koshkin. — S-400 is the best air defense system in the world. This is confirmed by the fact that countries such as Türkiye and Saudi Arabia, are striving to get them, regardless of the displeasure of Washington or NATO.”

The S-400 air defense system was developed in the 2000s by NPO Almaz named after. A.A. Raspletin, in 2007, the Triumph complex was adopted by the Russian Armed Forces. It is capable of detecting targets within a radius of 600 km, the reach of the S-400 for aerodynamic targets reaches 400 km, for ballistic targets - 60 km. "Triumph" is designed to destroy all types of air targets flying at speeds up to 4.8 km/s. The complex is simultaneously capable of striking 36 targets, and thanks to the vertical launch of missiles, shelling can be carried out at 360 degrees.

The S-400 can perform missions in radio countermeasures conditions. In 2016, the Izvestia newspaper, citing sources in the Ministry of Defense, reported the supply of special stealth containers capable of sheltering anti-aircraft systems from enemy radio reconnaissance.

The only real competitor to the S-400 today is the American Patriot air defense system. However, in a number of indicators, the Russian Triumph is superior to the American complex, experts say.

Russia is actively exporting the S-400 abroad: China was the first buyer; a contract for the supply of air defense to China was signed back in 2014. Türkiye showed interest in Triumph: a supply agreement was concluded in September 2017. In addition, Saudi Arabia and India plan to purchase Russian air defense systems.

Political emphasis

In 2015, Russia deployed the Triumph air defense system in Syria, near the Khmeimim airbase. The appearance of the S-400 in the Middle East cannot but worry Israel, which has very tense relations with a number of regional powers. Tel Aviv's main regional adversary, the Islamic Republic of Iran, received the S-300 in 2016. And although there is no talk of supplying S-400 to Tehran yet, such a possibility cannot be ruled out in the future. Therefore, the issue of countering such systems is extremely relevant for the Israeli defense industry.

As the former head of the Israeli missile program Uzi Rubin said, any air defense system can be dealt with in the future.

• Founder and first director of the Israel Organization for missile defense Ministry of Defense Uzi Rubin
• cyclowiki.org

“It takes years to cope with such a system. The threat to our Air Force posed by the S-300 and S-400 is not something new.<…>Time is on our side. If you don't have funds today, they will appear tomorrow. There are no insoluble problems,” newsland.com quotes Rubin as saying.

However, the development of air defense systems also does not stand still. Currently, the Russian air defense concern Almaz-Antey is developing the S-500 Prometheus air defense system. It is assumed that the newest complex will be able to fight low-orbit satellites and space weapons, winged hypersonic missiles and UAV. As Lieutenant General Viktor Gumenny, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces, previously reported, the Russian military could receive the S-500 by 2020. However, about the export of these the latest systems It's too early to say. According to general director"Rosoboronexport" Alexander Mikheev, at the moment foreign deliveries of the S-500 are not included in the company's plans.

At the beginning of 2017, a number of online media outlets disseminated information that Israeli F-35 fighters were allegedly able to strike Syrian territory without being noticed by the Triumph air defense system. The rumors were spread with reference to Defense News, although no such publication was subsequently found on the pages of the publication. As experts explained, in reality, Russian anti-aircraft gunners are not deliberately targeting Israeli aircraft in the Syrian Arab Republic in accordance with the current agreements, and there is no talk of any “breakthrough” in this case.

Bizhev believes that the dissemination of information about the capabilities of overcoming the S-400 serves advertising purposes - arms manufacturers would like to convince potential buyers of the effectiveness of their products.

“Due to the fact that the S-400 is exported abroad, it can be assumed that we are talking about commercial and marketing ploys designed to reduce the value Russian complex", the expert explained.

In reality, foreign experts simply do not have information about the capabilities of the S-400: talk about whether any system can overcome the S-400 makes no sense - the system has never yet taken part in real combat operations, the expert notes.

“All the intelligence services in the world would like to know performance characteristics“Triumph,” Bizhev emphasized. — There are peacetime frequencies, there are wartime frequencies. No one turns on military frequencies outside of combat operations so that they are not recognized by reconnaissance aircraft of other countries.”

However, this story has not only a commercial, but also a political background, Koshkin believes. According to the expert, Tel Aviv respects Russia and its armed forces, but at the same time the Israeli side seeks to show that it is capable of overcoming even the best air defense system.

“The Israelis would like to show their power, demonstrate Arab countries, Iran: despite the fact that the Islamic world is acquiring anti-aircraft missile systems that are considered the best in the world, Israel is still a formidable force,” concluded Koshkin.