Atmospheric pressure and our well-being. What atmospheric pressure can be considered normal for humans?

Atmospheric pressure belongs to the most important meteorological elements. Changes in pressure in space and time are closely related to the development of basic atmospheric processes: the inhomogeneity of the pressure field in space is immediate cause the occurrence of air currents, and pressure fluctuations over time are the main cause of weather changes in a particular area.

Atmospheric pressure is the force with which a column of air extending from the surface of the Earth to the upper boundary of the atmosphere presses 1 cm2 earth's surface. For a long time, the main device for measuring pressure has been a mercury barometer, and the value is usually expressed in millimeters mercury, balancing the column of air.

Another measurement principle, based on the deformations of an elastic, empty metal box that it experiences when pressure changes, is used in aneroids, barographs, tide gauges, and radiosondes. Devices of this type are calibrated according to the readings of a mercury barometer.

Currently, in meteorology, atmospheric pressure is measured in absolute units - hectopascals (hPa). Normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art. = 1013.3 hPa = 1013.3 mb (1 mb (millibar) = 1 hPa). To transition from a pressure value expressed in millimeters of mercury to a value in hectopascals, you need to multiply the pressure value in millimeters by 4/3, for the reverse transition - by 3/4.

Atmospheric pressure always decreases with altitude. As a result, under the same weather conditions, on higher parts of the earth's surface the pressure will be less than on lower parts. In practice, if the calculations do not require great accuracy, the degree of change in pressure with height can be characterized using the vertical pressure gradient or its reciprocal pressure step. The pressure stage is the height to which you need to rise or fall for the pressure to change by 1 millibar. The pressure level is not constant. It increases with decreasing air density: the higher we rise, the slower the pressure changes and the higher the pressure level becomes. At the same pressure, the pressure level in warm air is greater than in cold air.

The distribution of pressure over the earth's surface and seasonal differences in it are created under the influence of thermal and dynamic factors. The first, first of all, includes the influence of the earth's surface: above cold surfaces, conditions are favorable for increasing pressure, above very heated ones - for decreasing. Dynamic factors mean processes that result in air injection (increase in pressure) in some areas and outflow (pressure decrease) in others. When both factors interact, their effect is either enhanced or weakened.

In the very general view The distribution of pressure near the earth's surface could be characterized as zonal, however, due to the influence of the topography of the earth's surface and the listed factors, zonality is violated.

When comparing maps of average long-term atmospheric pressure for January and July, a difference in the magnitude and direction of baric gradients is revealed. In winter, the gradient is much greater than in summer and is directed from southeast to northwest, while in summer the pressure change is slower. In January, the difference between the highest and lowest pressure is more than 30 hPa, in July it is only 8 hPa.

IN winter period in most of the territory of Russia, an increased background of atmospheric pressure is observed, due to the influence of a powerful Asian anticyclone, which, already in September, begins to emerge in the regions of the most low temperatures(Tuva Basin and Verkhoyansk Pole of Cold). The anticyclone reaches its maximum intensity (more than 1030 hPa) in January. Its center is located above the Mongolian Altai, the spur extends towards Yakutia.

Areas most low pressure(less than 1005 hPa) are located above , and . On the coast eastern seas the close proximity of areas of high and low pressure leads to very large pressure drops, and, as a result, persistent strong winds.

At the beginning of spring, there is a tendency towards a restructuring of pressure fields and a general slight decrease in pressure occurs. As the continent warms up, the contrasts in temperature and air pressure between land and sea are smoothed out, and the pressure field is rearranged, becoming more uniform. In summer, over the territory of Russia, due to the heating of the continent, the pressure continues to decrease, the Asian anticyclone collapses and in its place a zone of low atmospheric pressure is formed, and over the seas with a relatively cold surface - an area of higher pressure.

The annual variation of atmospheric pressure over most of the territory of Russia corresponds to the continental type, characterized by a winter maximum, a summer minimum and a large amplitude. The same annual variation in pressure is observed in monsoon region Far East. The maximum annual pressure amplitude at sea level reaches 45 hPa and is observed in the Tuva Basin. As you move away from it, it sharply decreases in all directions. The smallest annual fluctuations in air pressure occur in the north-west of Russia, where active cyclonic activity is observed throughout the year.

In areas of intense cyclogenesis, the normal annual cycle is often disrupted. Depending on the features atmospheric circulation, this is expressed in a shift or the appearance of additional highs and lows. Thus, in the north-west of Russia, the maximum pressure shifts to May, and in the northern part of Kamchatka, secondary maxima and minima appear in the annual cycle.

A purely oceanic type of annual variation in atmospheric pressure, with a maximum of summer months and a minimum in winter, observed only in the southern part of the peninsula. In the mountains it persists up to a certain height continental type annual course of pressure. In the high mountain zone, an annual cycle close to the oceanic one is established. Average annual air pressure values are highly stable over time and vary slightly from year to year, on average by 1–5 hPa.

Changes in average monthly values from year to year significantly exceed annual ones. Their range can be judged by the difference between the largest and lowest values average monthly pressure. Daily variation of pressure in temperate latitudes is weakly expressed and measured only in tenths of hectopascals. A characteristic of the average long-term daily variability of atmospheric pressure is the standard deviation.

The limits of pressure change at each specific point can be judged by its extremes. The largest difference between the absolute maximum and minimum is observed in winter months, when the processes of cyclo- and anticyclogenesis are most intense.

In addition to periodic fluctuations, which include the annual and daily cycle, atmospheric pressure experiences non-periodic fluctuations, which affect the well-being of weather-dependent people. An example of non-periodic fluctuations is inter- and intra-day pressure variability. IN autumn-winter period when deep cyclones pass, the change in pressure between observation periods (three hours) in temperate latitudes can be 10–15 hPa, and between adjacent days it can reach 30–35 hPa or more. Thus, a case was recorded when in three hours the pressure dropped by more than 17 mb, and the pressure difference between days reached 50 hPa.

Maps of average long-term pressure fields give an idea of some concepts of general pressure, which is a set of main air currents over the globe that carry out horizontal and vertical exchange of air masses. The structural elements of the general circulation of the atmosphere are air masses, frontal zones, western transport, cyclones and anticyclones.

If the Earth's surface were homogeneous, then the western-eastern transfer of air masses would be observed in the northern hemisphere, and the isobars on maps of pressure fields would have a latitudinal (zonal) direction. In fact, zonality is violated in many areas, which can be seen even from maps of average monthly pressure fields in January and July. As the integration period decreases (decade, day), the transport disturbance increases, and closed areas appear on the pressure maps. The reason for the violation of the zonality of air currents is the unequal heating of continents and oceans and, consequently, the air masses formed above them.

Areas of high pressure outlined by closed isobars are called anticyclones (Az), and areas of low pressure are called cyclones (Zn). Cyclones and anticyclones are large-scale eddies that are important structural elements of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Their horizontal dimensions range from several hundred to 1.5–2.0 thousand kilometers. When cyclones and anticyclones move, there is an interlatitudinal exchange of air masses, and, consequently, heat and moisture, due to which the temperature equalizes between the pole and the equator. If this exchange did not occur, in temperate and high latitudes it would be 10–20° lower than in reality.

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Air, surrounding the Earth, has mass, and despite the fact that the mass of the atmosphere is approximately a million times less than the mass of the Earth ( total mass atmosphere is 5.2 * 10 21 g, and 1 m 3 of air at the earth's surface weighs 1.033 kg), this mass of air exerts pressure on all objects located on the earth's surface. The force with which air presses on the earth's surface is called atmospheric pressure.

A column of air weighing 15 tons presses on each of us. Such pressure can crush all living things. Why don't we feel it? This is explained by the fact that the pressure inside our body is equal to atmospheric pressure.

In this way, internal and external pressures are balanced.

Barometer

Atmospheric pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). To determine it, they use a special device - a barometer (from the Greek baros - heaviness, weight and metreo - I measure). There are mercury and liquid-free barometers.

Liquidless barometers are called aneroid barometers(from Greek a - negative particle, nerys - water, i.e. acting without the help of liquid) (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Aneroid barometer: 1 — metal box; 2 - spring; 3 — transmission mechanism; 4 — pointer arrow; 5 - scale

Normal atmospheric pressure

Normal atmospheric pressure is conventionally taken to be air pressure at sea level at a latitude of 45° and at a temperature of 0 °C. In this case, the atmosphere presses on every 1 cm 2 of the earth's surface with a force of 1.033 kg, and the mass of this air is balanced by a mercury column 760 mm high.

Torricelli experience

The value of 760 mm was first obtained in 1644. Evangelista Torricelli(1608-1647) and Vincenzo Viviani(1622-1703) - students of the brilliant Italian scientist Galileo Galilei.

E. Torricelli sealed a long glass tube with divisions at one end, filled it with mercury and lowered it into a cup of mercury (this is how the first mercury barometer was invented, which was called the Torricelli tube). The mercury level in the tube decreased as some of the mercury poured into the cup and settled at 760 millimeters. A void formed above the column of mercury, which was called Torricelli's void(Fig. 2).

E. Torricelli believed that the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the mercury in the cup is balanced by the weight of the mercury column in the tube. The height of this column above sea level is 760 mm Hg. Art.

Rice. 2. Torricelli experience

1 Pa = 10 -5 bar; 1 bar = 0.98 atm.

High and low atmospheric pressure

Air pressure on our planet can vary widely. If the air pressure is more than 760 mm Hg. Art., then it is considered elevated, less - reduced.

Since the air becomes more and more rarefied as it rises upward, the atmospheric pressure decreases (in the troposphere on average 1 mm for every 10.5 m of rise). Therefore, for territories located on different heights above sea level, the average will be its value of atmospheric pressure. For example, Moscow lies at an altitude of 120 m above sea level, so its average atmospheric pressure is 748 mm Hg. Art.

Atmospheric pressure increases twice during the day (morning and evening) and decreases twice (after noon and after midnight). These changes are due to the change and movement of air. During the year on the continents, the maximum pressure is observed in winter, when the air is supercooled and compacted, and the minimum in summer.

The distribution of atmospheric pressure over the earth's surface has a pronounced zonal character. This is due to uneven heating of the earth's surface, and consequently, changes in pressure.

There are three zones on the globe with a predominance of low atmospheric pressure (minimums) and four zones with a predominance of high atmospheric pressure (maxima).

At equatorial latitudes, the Earth's surface warms up greatly. Heated air expands, becomes lighter and therefore rises. As a result, low atmospheric pressure is established near the earth's surface near the equator.

At the poles, under the influence of low temperatures, the air becomes heavier and sinks. Therefore, at the poles the atmospheric pressure is increased by 60-65° compared to the latitudes.

In the high layers of the atmosphere, on the contrary, over hot areas the pressure is high (although lower than at the Earth's surface), and over cold areas it is low.

The general scheme of atmospheric pressure distribution is as follows (Fig. 3): along the equator there is a low pressure belt; at 30-40° latitude of both hemispheres - high pressure belts; 60-70° latitude - low pressure zones; in the polar regions there are areas of high pressure.

As a result of the fact that in the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in winter the atmospheric pressure over the continents increases greatly, the low pressure belt is interrupted. It persists only over oceans as closed areas low blood pressure— Icelandic and Aleutian minimums. On the contrary, winter maximums form over the continents: Asian and North American.

Rice. 3. General diagram of atmospheric pressure distribution

In summer, in the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the belt of low atmospheric pressure is restored. A huge area of low atmospheric pressure centered in tropical latitudes—the Asian Low—forms over Asia.

In tropical latitudes, the continents are always warmer than the oceans, and the pressure above them is lower. Thus, there are maxima over the oceans throughout the year: North Atlantic (Azores), North Pacific, South Atlantic, South Pacific and South Indian.

Lines that are on climate map connect points with the same atmospheric pressure are called isobars(from the Greek isos - equal and baros - heaviness, weight).

The closer the isobars are to each other, the faster the atmospheric pressure changes over a distance. The amount of change in atmospheric pressure per unit distance (100 km) is called pressure gradient.

The formation of atmospheric pressure belts near the earth's surface is influenced by the uneven distribution of solar heat and the rotation of the Earth. Depending on the time of year, both hemispheres of the Earth are heated by the Sun differently. This causes some movement of atmospheric pressure belts: in summer - to the north, in winter - to the south.

Caused by the weight of air. 1 m³ of air weighs 1.033 kg. For every meter of the earth's surface there is an air pressure of 10033 kg. This means a column of air with a height from sea level to upper layers atmosphere. If we compare it with a column of water, the diameter of the latter would have a height of only 10 meters. That is, atmospheric pressure is created by its own air mass. The amount of atmospheric pressure per unit area corresponds to the mass of the air column located above it. As a result of an increase in air in this column, pressure increases, and as air decreases, a decrease occurs. Normal atmospheric pressure is considered to be air pressure at t 0°C at sea level at a latitude of 45°. In this case, the atmosphere presses with a force of 1.033 kg for every 1 cm² of earth's area. The mass of this air is balanced by a column of mercury 760 mm high. Atmospheric pressure is measured using this relationship. It is measured in millimeters of mercury or millibars (mb), as well as in hectopascals. 1mb = 0.75 mm Hg, 1 hPa = 1 mm.

Measuring atmospheric pressure.

measured using barometers. They come in two types.

1. A mercury barometer is a glass tube that is sealed at the top and the open end is immersed in a metal bowl with mercury. A scale indicating the change in pressure is attached next to the tube. The mercury is acted upon by air pressure, which balances the column of mercury in the glass tube with its weight. The height of the mercury column changes with pressure changes.

2. A metal barometer or aneroid is a corrugated metal box that is hermetically sealed. Inside this box there is rarefied air. The change in pressure causes the walls of the box to vibrate, pushing in or out. These vibrations by a system of levers cause the arrow to move along a graduated scale.

Recording barometers or barographs are designed to record changes atmospheric pressure. The pen picks up the vibration of the walls of the aneroid box and draws a line on the tape of the drum, which rotates around its axis.

What is atmospheric pressure?

Atmospheric pressure on the globe varies widely. Its minimum value - 641.3 mm Hg or 854 mb was recorded over Pacific Ocean in Hurricane Nancy, and the maximum was 815.85 mm Hg. or 1087 MB in Turukhansk in winter.

Air pressure on the earth's surface changes with altitude. Average atmospheric pressure value above sea level - 1013 mb or 760 mm Hg. The higher the altitude, the lower the atmospheric pressure, as the air becomes increasingly rarefied. In the lower layer of the troposphere to a height of 10 m it decreases by 1 mmHg. for every 10 m or 1 mb for every 8 meters. At an altitude of 5 km it is 2 times less, at 15 km - 8 times, 20 km - 18 times.

Due to air movement, temperature changes, seasonal changes atmospheric pressure constantly changing. Twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, it increases and decreases the same number of times, after midnight and after noon. During the year, due to the cold and compacted air, atmospheric pressure is at its maximum in winter and at its minimum in summer.

Constantly changing and distributed across the earth's surface zonally. This occurs due to uneven heating of the earth's surface by the Sun. The change in pressure is affected by the movement of air. Where there is more air, the pressure is high, and where the air leaves - low. The air, having warmed up from the surface, rises and the pressure on the surface decreases. At altitude, the air begins to cool, becomes denser and sinks to nearby cold areas. Atmospheric pressure increases there. Consequently, the change in pressure is caused by the movement of air as a result of its heating and cooling from the earth's surface.

Atmospheric pressure in equatorial zone constantly reduced, and in tropical latitudes - increased. This happens due to constant high temperatures air at the equator. The heated air rises and moves towards the tropics. In the Arctic and Antarctic, the surface of the earth is always cold and the atmospheric pressure is high. It is caused by air that comes from temperate latitudes. In turn, in temperate latitudes, due to the outflow of air, a zone of low pressure is formed. Thus, there are two belts on Earth atmospheric pressure- low and high. Decreased at the equator and in two temperate latitudes. Raised on two tropical and two polar. They may shift slightly depending on the time of year following the Sun towards the summer hemisphere.

Polar high pressure belts exist all year round, however, in summer they contract and in winter, on the contrary, they expand. All year round areas of low pressure remain near the Equator and in southern hemisphere in temperate latitudes. In the northern hemisphere, things happen differently. In temperate latitudes northern hemisphere the pressure over the continents increases greatly and the low pressure field seems to “break”: it persists only over the oceans in the form of closed areas low atmospheric pressure- Icelandic and Aleutian minimums. Over the continents, where the pressure has noticeably increased, winter maximums form: Asian (Siberian) and North American (Canadian). In summer, the low pressure field in the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere is restored. At the same time, a vast area of low pressure is formed over Asia. This is the Asian low.

In the belt increased atmospheric pressure- in the tropics - the continents heat up more than the oceans and the pressure above them is lower. Because of this, subtropical highs are distinguished over the oceans:

North Atlantic (Azores);
South Atlantic;
South Pacific;
Indian.

Despite large-scale seasonal changes in its performance, belts of low and high atmospheric pressure of the Earth- formations are quite stable.

There is an atmosphere around our planet that puts pressure on everything inside it: rocks, plants, people. Normal atmospheric pressure is safe for humans, but changes in it can seriously affect health and well-being. To avoid possible troubles, scientists from various specialties are studying the effects of blood pressure on humans.

Atmospheric pressure - what is it?

The planet is surrounded by an air mass, which, under the influence of gravity, exerts pressure on all objects located on Earth. Human body– is no exception. This is what atmospheric pressure is, and in simpler terms in clear language: AP is the force with which air pressure is exerted on the earth’s surface. It can be measured in pascals, millimeters of mercury, atmospheres, millibars.

Atmospheric pressure under normal conditions

A column of air weighing 15 tons presses on the planet. Logically, such a mass should crush all living things on Earth. Why doesn't this happen? It's simple: the fact is that the pressure inside the body and normal atmospheric pressure for a person are equal. That is, the forces outside and inside are balanced, and the person feels quite comfortable. This effect is achieved due to gases dissolving in tissue fluids.

What is normal atmospheric pressure? Ideal blood pressure is considered to be 750-765 mm Hg. Art. These values are considered correct for everyday conditions, but they are not true for all areas. There are low zones on the planet - up to 740 mm Hg. Art. – and elevated – up to 780 mm Hg. Art. – pressure. People living in them adapt and do not feel any discomfort. At the same time, visitors will immediately feel the difference and will complain of feeling unwell for some time.

Atmospheric pressure standards by region

For different parts of the globe, normal atmospheric pressure in mm of mercury is different. This is explained by the fact that the atmosphere affects regions differently. The entire planet is divided into atmospheric belts, and even within small areas, readings can differ by several units. True, sudden changes are rarely felt and are perceived by the body normally.

Normal atmospheric pressure for a person changes under the influence of various factors. It depends on the elevation of the area above sea level, average humidity and temperature. Over warm zones, for example, the compression of the atmosphere is not as strong as over cold ones. Altitude has a strong influence on blood pressure:

at 2000 m above sea level, a pressure of 596 mm Hg is considered normal. Art.,
at 3000 m – 525 mm Hg. Art.;
at 4000 m – 462 mm Hg. Art.

What atmospheric pressure is considered normal for humans?

Blood pressure should be determined in ideal conditions: clearly above sea level at a temperature of 15 degrees. What is normal atmospheric pressure? There is no single indicator that is fair for everyone. What normal atmospheric pressure will be for one or another person depends on the state of health, living conditions, and hereditary factors. The only thing that can be said with certainty is that optimal blood pressure is one that does not cause harm and is not felt.

How does atmospheric pressure affect people?

Not everyone feels its effects, but this does not mean that the influence of atmospheric pressure on people is absent. Sudden changes, as a rule, make themselves felt. Blood pressure in the human body depends on the force of pushing blood out of the heart and vascular resistance. Both indicators can fluctuate when cyclones and anticyclones change. The body's reaction to pressure surges depends on what normal atmospheric pressure is for that person. Hypotonic patients, for example, react poorly to low blood pressure, and hypertensive patients suffer from an even greater increase in blood pressure.

High atmospheric pressure - impact on humans

An anticyclone is characterized by dry, clear and windless weather. Elevated blood pressure is accompanied clear skies. Under such conditions, no temperature surges are observed. It's hardest on high blood pressure hypertensive people react - especially the elderly - people suffering from diseases cardiovascular system, and allergy sufferers. During anticyclones, hospitals often record cases of heart attacks, strokes, and hypertensive crises.

You can understand that your blood pressure is high by knowing what normal atmospheric pressure is for a person. If the tonometer shows a value 10-15-20 units higher than it, such blood pressure is already considered high. In addition, increased pressure is determined by symptoms such as:

headache;
pulsation in the head;
facial hyperemia;
noise and whistling in the ears;
tachycardia;
ripples before the eyes;
weakness;
fatigue.

How does low atmospheric pressure affect people?

The first to feel low blood pressure are heart patients and people suffering from intracranial pressure. They feel general weakness, malaise, complain of migraines, shortness of breath, lack of oxygen and sometimes pain in the intestinal area. The cyclone is accompanied by an increase in temperature and humidity. Hypotensive organisms react to this by dilating blood vessels with a decrease in their tone. Cells and tissues do not get enough oxygen.

The following signs are also considered characteristic of low atmospheric pressure:

rapid and difficult breathing;
paroxysmal spasmodic headache;
nausea;
loss of strength.

Weather dependence - how to deal with it?

This problem is complex and unpleasant, but it can be overcome.

How to deal with weather dependence for hypotensive patients:

Healthy and long sleep – at least 8 hours – strengthens the immune system and makes it more resistant to changes in blood pressure.
Douses or regular contrast showers are suitable for vascular training.
Immunomodulators and tonics help improve well-being.
You should not subject your body to too much physical stress.
Your diet must include foods containing beta-carotene and ascorbic acid.

Advice for hypertensive patients is slightly different:

It is recommended to eat more vegetables and fruits, which contain potassium. It is better to exclude salts and liquids from the diet.
You should take a light, contrasting shower several times throughout the day.
Measure your blood pressure regularly and, if necessary, take
During periods of high blood pressure, do not take on complex tasks that require high concentration.
Do not rise to high altitudes during a stable anticyclone.

Atmospheric air has physical density, as a result of which it is attracted to the Earth and creates pressure. During the development of the planet, both the composition of the atmosphere and its atmospheric pressure changed. Living organisms were forced to adapt to the existing air pressure, changing their physiological characteristics. Deviations from average atmospheric pressure cause changes in a person’s well-being, and the degree of sensitivity of people to such changes varies.

Normal atmospheric pressure

The air extends from the surface of the Earth to heights of the order of hundreds of kilometers, beyond which interplanetary space begins, while the closer to the Earth, the more compressed the air is under the influence of own weight, accordingly, atmospheric pressure is highest at the earth's surface, decreasing with increasing altitude.

At sea level (from which all altitudes are usually measured), at a temperature of +15 degrees Celsius, the atmospheric pressure averages 760 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). This pressure is considered normal (with physical point vision), which does not mean that this pressure is comfortable for a person under any conditions.

Atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer, graduated in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), or other units. physical units, for example, in pascals (Pa). 760 millimeters of mercury corresponds to 101,325 pascals, but in everyday life the measurement of atmospheric pressure in pascals or derived units (hectopascals) has not taken root.

Previously, atmospheric pressure was also measured in millibars, which fell out of use and were replaced by hectopascals. Normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to the standard atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar.

Pressure 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to the action of a force of 1.033 kilograms on every square centimeter of the human body. In total, air presses on the entire surface of the human body with a force of about 15-20 tons.

But a person does not feel this pressure, since it is balanced by air gases dissolved in tissue fluids. This balance is disrupted by changes in atmospheric pressure, which a person perceives as a deterioration in well-being.

For some areas, the average atmospheric pressure differs from 760 mm. rt. Art. So, if in Moscow the average pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art., then in St. Petersburg it is only 748 mm Hg. Art.

At night, atmospheric pressure is slightly higher than during the day, and at the Earth’s poles, fluctuations in atmospheric pressure are more pronounced than in the equatorial zone, which only confirms the pattern that the polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) as a habitat are hostile to humans.

In physics, the so-called barometric formula is derived, according to which, with an increase in altitude for every kilometer, atmospheric pressure drops by 13%. The actual distribution of air pressure does not follow the barometric formula quite accurately, since temperature, atmospheric composition, water vapor concentration and other indicators change depending on the altitude.

Atmospheric pressure also depends on the weather, when air masses move from one area to another. All living things on Earth also respond to atmospheric pressure. Thus, fishermen know that the standard atmospheric pressure for fishing is reduced, since when the pressure drops predatory fish prefers to go hunting.

Weather-dependent people, and there are 4 billion of them on the planet, are sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure, and some of them can quite accurately predict weather changes, guided by their well-being.

It is quite difficult to answer the question of what standard of atmospheric pressure is most optimal for places of stay and human life, since people adapt to life in different climatic conditions. Typically the pressure is between 750 and 765 mmHg. Art. does not worsen a person’s well-being; these atmospheric pressure values can be considered within normal limits.

When atmospheric pressure changes, weather-dependent people may feel:

headache; vascular spasms with circulatory disorders; weakness and drowsiness with increased fatigue; joint pain; dizziness; feeling of numbness in the limbs; decreased heart rate; nausea and intestinal disorders; shortness of breath; decreased visual acuity.

Baroreceptors located in the body cavities, joints and blood vessels react first to changes in pressure.

When pressure changes, weather-sensitive people experience disturbances in the functioning of the heart, heaviness in the chest, pain in the joints, and in case of digestive problems, also flatulence and intestinal disorders. With a significant decrease in pressure, a lack of oxygen in brain cells leads to headaches.

Also, changes in pressure can lead to mental disorders - people feel anxiety, irritation, sleep restlessly, or generally cannot sleep.

Statistics confirm that with sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, the number of crimes, accidents in transport and production increases. The influence of atmospheric pressure on arterial pressure is traced. In hypertensive patients, increased atmospheric pressure can cause a hypertensive crisis with headache and nausea, despite the fact that at this moment clear sunny weather sets in.

On the contrary, hypotensive patients react more sharply to a decrease in atmospheric pressure. The reduced concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere causes circulatory disorders, migraines, shortness of breath, tachycardia and weakness.

Weather sensitivity can be a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle. The following factors can lead to weather sensitivity or aggravate its severity:

low physical activity; poor nutrition with accompanying excess weight; stress and constant nervous tension; poor state of the external environment.

Elimination of these factors reduces the degree of meteosensitivity. Weather-sensitive people should:

include in your diet foods high in vitamin B6, magnesium and potassium (vegetables and fruits, honey, lactic acid products); limit the consumption of meat, salty and fried foods, sweets and spices; stop smoking and drinking alcohol; increase physical activity, commit walking on fresh air; organize your sleep, sleep at least 7-8 hours.

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Atmospheric pressure is the force with which a column of air presses on a certain unit of area of the Earth, often measured in kilograms per one square meter, from there they are already transferred to other units. By to the globe atmospheric pressure varies, it depends on geographical location. Normal, habitual blood pressure is extremely important for the human body to function properly. You need to figure out what atmospheric pressure is normal for a person, and how its changes can affect well-being.

When you rise to a height, the atmospheric pressure decreases, and when you go down, it increases. Also, this indicator may depend on the time of year and humidity in a particular area. In everyday life it is measured using a barometer; it is customary to indicate atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury.

The ideal atmospheric pressure is considered to be 760 mmHg, but in Russia and most of the planet in general, this figure is far from this ideal.

The normal force of air pressure is considered to be that at which a person feels comfortable. Moreover, for people from different habitats, the pressure indicators at which normal health remains will be different. A person usually gets used to the indicators of the area in which he lives. If a resident of highlands moves to a lowland, he will experience discomfort for some time and gradually get used to it.

However, even at permanent place During residence, atmospheric pressure may change, usually with changing seasons and sudden changes in weather. In this case, people with a number of pathologies and congenital weather dependence may experience discomfort, and old diseases may begin to worsen.

It is worth knowing how you can improve your condition if there is a sharp drop or increase in atmospheric pressure. You don’t have to immediately run to the doctor; there are home techniques that have been tested by many people that can help you start feeling better.

Important! It is worth noting that people sensitive to change weather conditions, you should be more careful when choosing places to spend your vacation or move.

What atmospheric pressure is considered normal for humans?

Many experts say: normal pressure for a person the figure will be 750 – 765 mmHg. It is easiest to adapt to indicators within these limits; for most people living on plains, small hills, and lowlands, they will be suitable.

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It is worth noting that the most dangerous thing is not the increased or decreased indicators, but their sudden change. If changes happen gradually, most people won't notice them. A sudden change can lead to negative consequences: Some people may faint when climbing a mountain sharply.

Pressure norm table

IN different cities Country indicators will be different, this is the norm. Detailed weather reports usually tell whether atmospheric pressure is above or below normal. at the moment time. You can always calculate the norm for your place of residence yourself, but it is easier to refer to ready-made tables. For example, here are the indicators for several cities in Russia:

City name	Normal atmospheric pressure (in millimeters of mercury)
In Moscow	747 – 748
In Rostov-on-Don	740 – 741
In St. Petersburg	753 – 755, in some places up to 760
In Samara	752 – 753
In Yekaterinburg	735 – 741
In Perm	744 – 745
In Tyumen	770 – 771
In Chelyabinsk	737 – 744
In Izhevsk	746 – 747
In Yaroslavl	750 – 752

It is worth noting that for some cities and regions large pressure drops are normal. Local residents are usually well adapted to them; a visitor will feel unwell.

Important! If weather dependence occurs suddenly and has never been observed before, you should consult a doctor, this may indicate heart disease.

The influence of atmospheric pressure on the body

For people with certain diseases or hypersensitivity, changes in weather pressure changes can have a negative impact, in some cases limiting their ability to work. Experts note: women are slightly more likely than men to react to weather changes.

People with sensitivity to change have different reactions to changes. Some people feel slight discomfort that easily goes away on its own after some time. Others require special medications to avoid exacerbation of any disease that may occur due to changing weather conditions.

The greatest tendency to negative experiences during pressure changes the following groups of people have:

People with various lung diseases, these include bronchial asthma, obstructive bronchitis, chronic bronchitis. People with various diseases of the heart and blood vessels, especially hypertension, hypotension, atherosclerosis, and other disorders. People with brain diseases, rheumatic diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, especially osteochondrosis.

It is also believed that changes in weather conditions provoke allergy attacks in allergy sufferers. In completely healthy people, the changes usually have no significant effect.

People with weather dependence experience headaches, drowsiness, a feeling of fatigue, and pulse irregularities that are not observed during normal times. However, it is advised to consult a doctor to exclude the development of diseases of the heart and nervous system.

In addition to headaches and fatigue, people with various diseases may experience joint pain, changes blood pressure, numbness in lower limbs, muscle pain. During exacerbation chronic diseases You should take the medications prescribed by your doctor.

What to do if you are weather dependent

If there is increased sensitivity to changes in weather conditions, but there are no diseases leading to it, then help cope with unpleasant sensations The following recommendations will help.

In the morning it is advised to take a contrast shower, then drink a cup good coffee to keep yourself in good shape. During the day it is advised to drink more tea, green tea with lemon is recommended. It is recommended to do exercises, several times a day.

Towards evening, on the contrary, they advise you to relax, they will help herbal teas and decoctions with honey, valerian infusion and other mild sedatives. They advise you to go to bed early and eat less salty foods during the day.

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