Where are airborne units located in Belarus? Belarusian Army: Special Forces sleeve insignia

What are they, the Special Operations Forces of the Republic of Belarus? Defending Russia looks to its nearest neighbor to find out.

Photo: Defend Russia

In addition to them, the MTRs use the latest Russian assault rifles - for example, . The butt of this machine gun is made of impact-resistant glass-filled polyamide, which clearly lightens the weight of the weapon. Its mass is 3.6 kg, rate of fire is 650 rounds per minute, sighting range— 50 m.

Photo: Defend Russia

Now the MTR has the latest kits special clothing and weapons for different environments fighters' habitats. An “underwater paratrooper” in a set of “SCUBA” underwater equipment sits coquettishly with an Airborne Forces flag. It is equipped with a breathing apparatus with a buoyancy compensator, a neoprene wetsuit with gloves and boots, fins and a diving mask. There is a “paratrooper” with a set of diving equipment SLVI-71, which allows you to work at a depth of up to 40 m.

Photo: Defend Russia

The “beekeeper” is dressed in a “summer special” set.

Photo: Defend Russia

And the sniper is dressed in a camouflage “Leshy”. To the right of it is the windproof kit "Gorka-E".

Photo: Defend Russia

The lyricism of the army names continues with the “Melted Snow” set of winter clothing for paratroopers.

We continue to talk about old military men. This time we stopped at the “capital of the Airborne Forces” - Borovukha-1 near Novopolotsk. This town holds many stories that could become movie scripts. For example, how Yanka Kupala worked here as a railway worker. About the Second World War - how a local garrison successfully crushed Wehrmacht tanks for two weeks. You can also talk about the horrors of concentration camps: here the Germans killed thousands of prisoners of war. And also about Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan and about the helicopter crews who extinguished the reactor at Chernobyl. In general, our story will be long and interesting.

Here was Kupala, Budyonny and " enemy of the people Uborevich"

The first information about Borovukha is associated with the construction of the Vitebsk-Riga railway. It was an ordinary Belarusian village and a station of the same name. The old station building no longer exists, but on the modern one there is a commemorative sign stating that in 1916 Yanka Kupala worked here as a member of the railway crew. A search on the Internet will give you this meager information. But our guide to Borovukha and the surrounding area was a local historian-enthusiast Vladimir Komissarov. In his stories, the history of the town is definitely not so boring.


The courtyard of the barracks in Borovukha in the 1930s. Photo courtesy of Vladimir Komissarov

The first Soviet units appeared here after 1918: it was necessary to strengthen the Soviet-Polish border. In the early 20s, the first two wooden barracks were built for them. A cavalry regiment and artillerymen were stationed in the nascent military town, and a balloon training base was located nearby on Lake Beloye. The town grew, and already in 1924 a brick two-story school was built here - the building still exists.

But more rapid development of the town began after 1928, and it is associated with the construction of the Polotsk fortified area. In addition to fortifications (to which we will devote a separate article), by 1935, seven four-story stone houses for the families of officers, a club, a bathhouse and a store were built here. And in 1937, Marshal Semyon Budyonny himself took part in the opening of the House of Officers.


View of the town from Borovukha station. Photo courtesy of Vladimir Komissarov

During the war, an air bomb hit the Officers' House. This is what he looked like right after the war. Photo courtesy of Vladimir Komissarov

On the streets of Borovukha in July 1941, the Germans immediately marked the Jewish population. Photo courtesy of Vladimir Komissarov

Vladimir Komissarov told an interesting fact: the water supply to old pre-war buildings was carried out through wooden pipes. They were laid in paternas - underground vaulted channels lined with brick.

Before the war, a soldiers' club was also built. Of all the Voenproekt buildings we have seen before, it stands out primarily because of its architecture: we have never seen such buildings before. Now it is used as Orthodox Church. Interesting fact: on June 21, 1941, a gypsy choir performed there, and on the 22nd they learned about the beginning of the great war.

The town also had its own amphitheater, built, as it is written in the documents, “at the direction of the enemy of the people, Uborevich” (its construction can be seen in German photos).



Behind the pillbox you can see the amphitheater. Photo courtesy of Vladimir Komissarov

During the occupation, the Germans organized the Staatlag 354 concentration camp for prisoners of war in the barracks of the tank crews. , in which, according to various sources, from 13 to 25 thousand people were killed. The dead were buried in the pit of the amphitheater. So the place of rest and holidays in Borovukha turned into a cemetery. Now on this site there is a memorial “Star”.


There is a version that the bodies could have been dumped into Bezdonka, a lake with swampy shores on the territory of the town. There is no evidence of this, but the locals do not swim in it.

However, on the outskirts of the town there are two more lakes - large, picturesque and suitable for recreation.

They say that Novopolotsk was originally planned to be built on the same bank of the Dvina as Borovukha. But in 1957-1960 there was a secret missile unit here in Koptsevo, which received nuclear warheads. Accordingly, the city was built on the other bank.

Capital of the Airborne Forces

In the post-war period, construction continued: “Uncle Vasya’s troops” - the 350th and 357th regiments of the airborne troops of the 103rd division - were stationed in Borovukha. Since that time, the town has been called the “capital of the Airborne Forces.”



Photo: Viktor Polyakov, zen.yandex.ru/polyakov

The town was given great importance in the Union: from here it’s a stone’s throw to important sites in Europe. Especially for this purpose, an airfield was built nearby, capable of receiving heavy military transport aircraft. Vladimir Komissarov says that former paratroopers still have maps of the English Channel with important objects marked in their garages.

It was in Borovukha that the latest weapons and equipment intended for the Airborne Forces were tested. For example, parachute D-1/8.


Here they also practiced landing a BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle with a crew inside. The initiative to create it belongs to the commander of the airborne troops, Vasily Margelov. To avoid injuries during landing, a simplified version of the space chair, Kazbek-D, was installed inside the vehicle. To reduce weight, the armored body was assembled by welding from rolled sheets of aluminum armor.

The first paratroopers inside the BMD-1 were Alexander Margelov (son of the Airborne Forces commander) and Leonid Zuev.


Paratroopers from Borovukha participated in all conflicts of the USSR. In 1968, during the unrest in Czechoslovakia, they took part in Operation Danube. The operation was exemplary from a military point of view: the paratroopers quickly managed to disarm and blockade an anti-aircraft artillery brigade, an arms factory, a garrison commandant's office and a number of other important objects.



Museum of Technology in Borovukha. GAZ-66, or “shishiga”, is a legendary car, known for its unpretentiousness and maintainability. In order to adapt it as much as possible for airlift, the designers sacrificed a lot, first of all, comfort and ease of control. But the design could withstand overloads of up to 9g and a landing speed of 10 m/s during parachuting on a special platform.

In 1979, the paratroopers were the first to enter Afghanistan and the last to leave in 1989. Then the paratroopers of the 103rd division served in the Transcaucasian border district subordinate to the head of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR (from 1990 to 1991). Here is what Russian General Alexander Lebed wrote about this in his memoirs: “There were “smart heads” who, taking advantage of the growing tension in society, proposed an unconventional move - to transfer the division to the State Security Committee. No division - no problem. And... they handed it over, creating a situation where the division was no longer “Vedevaesh”, but not yet “KGB”. Military officers were turned into clowns. The caps are green, the shoulder straps are green, the vests are blue, the symbols on the caps, shoulder straps and chest are airborne. The people aptly dubbed this wild mixture of forms “conductor.”



Museum of Technology in Borovukha. When this divisional-regimental airborne self-propelled artillery and mortar mount 2S9 “Nona-S” entered service in 1981, it was considered a secret vehicle. The main caliber of the 2S9 was the 120-mm rifled gun-howitzer-mortar 2A51. The 120 mm caliber was also not chosen by chance: the self-propelled gun could also use ammunition of a similar caliber, which is in service with NATO armies - it was assumed that the 2S9 would operate behind enemy lines, where the supply of ammunition was impossible.

In the already independent republic the number Airborne troops reduced: along with sovereignty, a military doctrine was proclaimed, which was of a purely defensive nature, and airborne units, the so-called first strike troops, did not fit into the new concept. In 1995, the 350th and 357th regiments were reorganized into brigades, and later included in the 103rd separate mobile brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.



Museum of Technology in Borovukha. 9P148 combat vehicle from the Konkurs anti-tank system. Created on the basis of the BRDM-2, it was equipped with a liftable launcher for five missiles in transport and launch containers. The missiles were launched only when the vehicle was completely stopped. Reloading was carried out in one and a half minutes without the crew leaving the combat vehicle. The Konkurs ATGM is designed to destroy enemy tanks and other armored targets moving at speeds of up to 60 km/h, stationary targets (firing points, fortifications such as bunkers, pillboxes) provided that the targets are optically visible.

However, the locals do not understand why, when the regiments were disbanded, it was necessary to create a brigade at a new location in Vitebsk.

In Borovukha, the equipment went straight from the pits to the training ground. And now paratroopers are transported on trailers from Vitebsk to Liozno.

Airborne Forces Day in Borovukha is probably valued more than New Year. Here is the only place in the country where this holiday is celebrated in an organized manner.

There have been no airborne units for 11 years, but still, every year on August 2, festive events are held. Money is allocated for holding, porridge, compote, concert. Belarusian and Russian artists come.

On this day, a man not wearing a vest and without a blue beret will be a “black sheep” in the town. Just in case, it is better to know the answer to the question about the number of lines on a parachute - 32. But there is no fountain in the town.


Local residents say that earlier, in the 90s, there was a rather tense crime situation in Borovukha: it was scary to go out into the yard in the evening, there were constant fights. Therefore, they created a voluntary squad of locals. The vigilantes quickly restored order - now the town is safe at any time of the day.

Who's after us?

The 350th and 357th regiments were located on the edges of the town. The barracks of the “fifty dollar” (as the 350th regiment is called here) are now empty. The buildings were preserved: the looters did not have time to work on them. Access to them was closed and security was provided. Getting into the territory will not be a problem: step over the barbed wire and you are already there. But the signs on the other side say that walking here is prohibited - a fine of 500 rubles. And there seems to be a dog here.


Two barracks appeared in the 30s, during the active construction of the town. Polotsk residents were actively involved in their construction - they were brought here for community cleanups. Another one of white brick- this is already the 70s. By the way, it looks even worse than before the war.

But the beautiful canteen building is already in disrepair, and the ceiling in one wing has collapsed.



Canteen of the 350th Regiment

It is noteworthy that the former location of the regiment is being mowed down, some buildings have acquired new doors. This means they have an owner. Well, the place is excellent: a large area with its own park and access to the lake.

It was planned that the unit's buildings would be transferred to the Olympic Reserve College, but while they were thinking about it, the helicopter regiment collapsed. Its territory seemed more compact and suitable for these purposes.



At the location of the 357th Airborne Regiment, whose territory begins at the end of the current Army Street, life has not stopped. Now it is “industrial Babylon”: it produces sewing, knitted and rubber products, wooden windows, PVC windows and doors, building metal structures, furniture, plant protection products, instrumentation, building materials, equipment for processing secondary raw materials.


Location of the 357th Regiment





Soldiers' Club. Now there's a church here

The huge House of Officers, the same one that Budyonny opened, could have been demolished in the 2000s, but its premises began to be actively bought up by small businesses. The central part is currently undergoing renovations. We arrived to try on a second-hand store sign on the left column of the front porch.


On the right hangs a memorial plaque dedicated to “bat” - the creator of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov. Did you know that he is Belarusian by nationality?



Old buildings are treated with proper care. Instead of demolition - reconstruction

A local museum opened opposite the Officers' House. The exposition was created by the residents of Borovukha - who would bring a parachute, who would bring a jacket, who would bring a flight jacket, who would bring the door from the bunker. Many exhibits are related to the Second World War - in the forests around the town you can find objects from spent cartridges to the remains of a machine gun. There is even the lower part of a German... bulletproof vest. By the way, Vladimir Komissarov was directly involved in filling the museum. The description of the military operations of the Polotsk fortified area is his merit.

Across the road they created an exhibition under open air- presented here combat vehicles Airborne Forces


Helicopters from Borovukha

The paratroopers' neighbors were pilots from the 276th separate helicopter regiment (Borovtsy airfield). From 1982 to February 1989, they carried out combat missions in Afghanistan. On April 27, 1986, personnel of the 4th squadron on Mi-26 helicopters and the 3rd squadron on Mi-8MT participated in extinguishing the reactor Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In 2003, the regiment was disbanded, and the remaining helicopters in service were moved first to Zasimovochi, then to Machulishchi.



The territory of the helicopter regiment. Now this is the College of Olympic Reserve

Sergey Kozlov, pilot first class, has lived in Borovukha since 1993. Now he is retired - he has 52 years of service. I was in Afghanistan twice, there was a business trip to Chernobyl.

Since childhood, I dreamed of becoming a pilot. My brother was a helicopter pilot, and I, a ten-year-old boy, ran around Vitebsk in his uniform, I was terribly proud!

By the beginning of the Afghan War, the army was in dire need of army aviation pilots, so pilots were recruited en masse from the reserves.



Helicopter Regiment. Photo: Viktor Polyakov, zen.yandex.ru/polyakov

Everyone was asked to write a report, which included the following lines: I wish to serve anywhere in the USSR. Not a word about Afghanistan, but everyone understood where they would be sent. I signed up voluntarily.

To retrain for a new type of helicopter, Sergei was sent to the Syzran Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. I studied on the Mi-24 for three months. Then he served for some time at the NATO borders in the GDR, where the “crocodiles” were on constant combat duty.



Mi-26 (product “90”, according to NATO codification: Halo) is a Soviet and Russian heavy multi-purpose transport helicopter. It is the world's largest mass-produced transport helicopter.
It is capable of transporting people (up to 82 people), equipment and various cargoes weighing up to 20 tons. The top speed is also impressive - 295 km/h. The helicopter can cover up to 800 km (with external tanks - up to 2350) and rise to a height of up to 6500 meters. Photo: safaniuk.livejournal.com

"Crocodiles" in the skies of Afghanistan

Sergei arrived in Afghanistan in 1984. At that time, most often it was necessary to fly to escort convoys, search for caravans, and sometimes rescue paratroopers trapped in the mountains by dushmans.

The helicopter was reliable and well protected,” recalls Sergei Kozlov. - The frontal armored glass withstood a single hit from a 30-mm projectile, and machine-gun bullets even bounced off it. The cabin was also protected by steel armor. The danger for us was posed by MANPADS (man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems), which the West actively supplied to the Mujahideen. As far as I remember, they captured one instructor, a Frenchman, with a MANPADS, and then NATO sent a special plane for him.

The Mi-24's armament made it possible to cope with any task, although not everything worked flawlessly. For example, there were some problems with the YakB-12.7 four-barreled machine gun - it sometimes jammed. We learned to solve the problem in the field.

It was a powerful weapon, and so that the machine gun would not fail in battle, only 500 cartridges were loaded into the belt instead of 1470, each of which was separately lubricated with a brush. Then the entire tape came out without problems. The rate of fire was very high, sometimes it was possible not to notice that the cartridges had already run out.

In addition to the machine gun, the Mi-24’s arsenal included unguided aircraft missiles, Shturm-S anti-tank missiles and other weapons.



American pilot Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Jeff Staton, who flew the T24 for dozens of hours, praised the helicopter’s capabilities: “It’s as durable as a tractor. Put it in the shed for a year, then charge the batteries and you can fly right away. It drives smoothly, just like an old 1962 Cadillac. Lubricate it well and you can fly it for hundreds of hours.” Photo topwar.ru

When the ammunition ran out, and this happened often, the helicopter pilots did not leave the battlefield: they simulated combat approaches to the positions of the dushmans.

Was it possible to fly away when the paratroopers were being fired upon by the spooks? We did everything we could. I'll tell you: even such psychic attacks had a terrifying effect on the Mujahideen. Imagine that a huge machine with cannons and machine guns is flying at you, and you will understand that even simulating an attack can cause panic.

50 meters above the reactor

After returning from Afghanistan, Sergei Kozlov’s military service continued at the airfield in Zasimovichi (Pruzhany). In 1986, their helicopters were sent to Chernobyl.

No one declared an alarm; the command simply gathered all the pilots in the town through messengers. The task was simple: fly to Grodno to receive new Mi-24РХР helicopters. Already on the way, we learned that they were intended for radiation reconnaissance in the area of ​​the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Sergei stayed in Chernobyl from September 2 to October 19. The task of its crew is to hover at an altitude of about 200 meters (according to instructions) and measure the radiation level. By this time the fire had been extinguished, but the study was still very intense - many of those who flew over the reactor are no longer alive.


We mostly worked at an altitude of about 150 meters - it was not so easy to hover at the required height. Sometimes, when circumstances required it, they dropped to 50 meters.

After working on the reactor, the command tried to decontaminate the expensive helicopters: they washed them with special solutions, but this did not help. Then they decided to remove the gearbox and replace it with a new one - it still fouls, they did the same with the engine - the same result. As a result, they refused to fly on these machines and allegedly sent the equipment to a repository in Ukraine.

True, there is not a single repository for radioactive helicopters now. I think they were sold somewhere in Africa.

After dangerous work in Chernobyl, Sergei Kozlov had to return to Afghanistan, where he stayed until the withdrawal of troops. Personally withdrew three Mi-24s from Kabul. Here he had a chance to try new system, designed specifically for flying in the mountains.

Thin air in the mountains of Afghanistan led to a loss of power, so the designers developed a special water injection system into the engine. Its inclusion provided an explosive increase in power, allowing the height at which the machine could operate to be increased. The cylinder that ensures the operation of this system was located right in the cabin, and when we asked the designer what would happen if a bullet hit it, he answered: a small explosion. Why do we need this? We refused to fly with a balloon.

New Borovukha

After Afghanistan, Sergei served in Ukraine. I ended up in Borovukha almost by accident.

When the Union collapsed, it was necessary to look for a place to serve. The first time I looked into Borovukha was by accident. I looked and decided that I would never live here. Everything here was like in any military town: there is no hot water, the cold water is rusty, the heating is weak, and there are frequent power outages.



Pre-war DOS

But in the end I “landed” here. Then an order was issued from the Belarusian military district, which stated that it was possible to continue serving in the Belarusian army in the previous position. I arrive in Belarus and go to the head of the army aviation. I ask where they can send me. I received a military-style, laconic and honest answer: “Except for the hell of it.” I can’t send you anywhere else.” In the end, they were assigned to Borovukha. The unit was staffed, there were no places, so at first I was only registered here: they paid money for two months for the title and then didn’t pay anything for six months. The wife then still lived in Ukraine with two children. And so we all survived by being her part-time nanny in kindergarten.


Sergei recalls that it was a very difficult period in his life. Then, however, he returned to flying work, got an apartment, and moved his family.

When I moved here, the place was crowded with military personnel: there were 1,400 schoolchildren alone, and there were three shifts at school. Now there are fewer children - about 450 people.

Built in 1993 new school. Surprisingly, it has a swimming pool! You can buy a subscription and come in the evenings and on weekends to swim. There was also a large gym, but it was considered dilapidated and demolished.


With the departure of the military, the question arose of what to do with the town in which more than five thousand people live. In the 2000s, it was first merged with the village council and transferred to the administrative subordination of Novopolotsk.

This had a positive effect on Borovukha: the old DOSs were overhauled, many houses had their roofs replaced, and their facades were painted. Now the town looks very decent. There is no rush to demolish old buildings here - they will come in handy on the farm. The water pipeline laid still in Soviet years, was frankly weak. The problem was that no one knew where and what pipes were located. It was solved in a more efficient way: they increased the pressure in the system. That's how it was discovered weak points for replacement.



Kindergarten. There is another one in Borovukha, in a modern building

As a result, residents gained access to all the benefits of civilization - central gas, hot water and uninterrupted energy supply.

There are enough food and construction stores in the town. There is also a mini market. At the entrance to the town there is a decent-looking cafe with a Tarzan park. You can also ride horses.


On May 13, 2019, the village of Borovukha officially ceased to exist: now it is a microdistrict of Novopolotsk. City buses and minibuses already go here every half hour. There are even buses for the disabled. Don't forget about the railway station - trains to Polotsk run through it.

The private sector is located around Borovukha - this is village houses, dachas for Novopolotsk residents and former military personnel. Apartments here are expensive: for a two-room apartment of 45 square meters they ask for 24 thousand dollars.

Any local resident will tell you that it’s better to live here than in the city,” says Sergei Kozlov. - Borovukha is separated from the large industrial center by the Dvina - everything is in order with the ecology here. In Novopolotsk it smells like “Polymir”, “Naftan”, and here it smells like pine forest.


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REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

At the turn of the 80s–90s. last century, rapidly developing instability greatly influenced all aspects of society. One of the important tasks was to bring down the crime wave and ensure order in society. Therefore, in the Republic of Belarus there are many special forces units, and under each power ministry.

ARMY SPECIAL FORCES

5th SEPARATE SPECIAL PURPOSE BRIGADE

STORY

Formed in 1962 as a reconnaissance airborne unit, it has high level combat training and vast combat experience. Stationed in Maryina Gorka, Pukhovichi district, Minsk region. She took part in hostilities as part of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, and carried out special events in Transcaucasia during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

The emergence of such military units and formations in Soviet army caused by the presence of, as it was commonly called, our probable enemy in Europe, tactical nuclear weapons. The tasks of the airborne brigades included the destruction command posts And launchers missiles, fuel and ammunition supply bases, intelligence collection, sabotage of communications, and in the future - organization partisan movement on enemy territory. Special forces were designed to conduct operations deep behind the lines in small groups. All brigades were directly subordinate to the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff. Soon a unique unit appeared - a company consisting only of officers and warrant officers, well-trained professionals. The best of the best were selected, those who flawlessly mastered various styles of martial arts, shooting from all types of small arms, including Western models. Knowledge of foreign languages ​​was a prerequisite. The military personnel also underwent light diving training under the naval special forces program, mountaineering and motor hang glider piloting. The company was intended to carry out particularly important tasks in the interests of the GRU General Staff.

PREPARATION

The main direction of training is reconnaissance and sabotage activities. Scouts are taught to overcome swamps and water obstacles. “Field - Soldier Academy” - soldiers spend about seven months a year at the training ground.

In order to complete a task far from the main forces without loss, a special forces soldier must be a universal soldier. His arsenal includes covert movement tactics, knowledge of engineering, mastery of hand-to-hand combat techniques and first aid skills. Distinctive Features- skillful control of all types of army transport and the ability to accurately shoot from various types of small arms, including captured ones.

There are no mountains in Belarus, but there are many high-rise buildings. Therefore, the basis of training is urban mountaineering. Classes are held not only on the territory of the brigade, they are also organized jointly with colleagues from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB. Diving training classes are also conducted.

Special forces parachute from the sky, and in a variety of ways. Landing with pinpoint accuracy, day or night, in all weather conditions. For this purpose, new parachutes have come into service here, which allow scouts to jump from any height and at any speed of the aircraft. In addition to parachutes, special forces also have motorized hang gliders in their arsenal.

WEAPONS

Like many special forces of the former republics of the USSR, the army special forces of Belarus are equipped with weapons and equipment of Soviet and Russian production.

KGB SPECIAL FORCES "Alpha"

The Alpha group under the USSR State Security Committee was created in 1974. In March 1990, the then KGB chairman V. Kryuchkov signed an order to create the 11th group of the USSR KGB with a deployment in Minsk. The document listed the tasks of the operational combat unit being created: localization and suppression of terrorist and extremist actions, especially dangerous criminal manifestations. Area of ​​activity: Belarus and the Baltic republics.

From October 1991 to January 1992, the group was at the disposal of the Main Security Directorate under the Office of the President of the USSR. Then it became part of the structure of the central apparatus of the KGB of the Republic of Belarus. The group's fighters carried out special operational missions, and in 1992–1994. was involved to ensure the physical protection and safety of the leadership of Belarus and members of foreign delegations. The range of tasks gradually expanded; now it also includes the fight against organized crime, as well as the illegal export of precious metals, material and historical assets outside the country.

SELECTION

When creating Alpha, preference was given to officers with combat experience, former paratroopers, and professional athletes. Today it is mandatory for candidates higher education and military service. Particular attention is paid to the ability to endure great psychological and physical activity. The average age of fighters is 30–35 years.

For some time there were rumors that Alpha fighters received military experience in Chechnya, but the group’s leadership stubbornly denies this.

SPECIAL FORCES OF BORDER FORCES

The Separate Active Measures Service (OSAM) is a unit whose mission includes anti-terrorist activities in the border zone.

The history of the special forces of the KGB border troops under the Council of Ministers of the USSR began in 1981. The goal of the group operating in Afghanistan was to fight the counter-revolutionary underground and agents of enemy intelligence services.

OSAM appeared after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993. Its first commander was Gennady Nevyglas. One of the primary tasks of the special forces was the fight against illegal migration. Later, new tasks appeared - the fight against economic crime and drug smuggling, countering terrorism and human trafficking.

On the uniform chevron of an OSAM fighter there are two crossed balls and a wind rose against the background of the country’s outline.

At one time, OSAM was headed by the chairman of the Border Committee, Igor Rachkovsky. And the eldest sons of the country’s president, Viktor and Dmitry Lukashenko, served in the special forces.

TASKS

The special forces units of the border service are assigned the following tasks:

Conducting operations related to the implementation of operational information about hostile activities on the state border and at checkpoints through it by the intelligence services of foreign states, extremist and criminal gangs;

Protection in extreme conditions of premises, vehicles and other objects of operational agencies;

Carrying out reconnaissance and search activities;

Ensuring the security of events carried out by the management of the border service;

Release of hostages from among the military personnel of the troops, bodies and organizations of the border service;

Studying the operational situation in the areas (locations) of the group’s proposed actions, conducting reconnaissance of the specified areas (locations);

Participation in special events related to the implementation of specific operational information, information from interacting law enforcement agencies;

Participation in the search and detention of armed groups and persons who have crossed or are attempting to cross the border;

Ensuring the safety of border service management while traveling around the country and abroad;

Ensuring the safety of the operational staff of the border service during activities at the state border;

Ensuring the personal safety of PS military personnel and members of their families in cases provided for by law;

Ensuring the group's own safety.

WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT

The weapons are predominantly of Soviet and Russian origin. The unit is equipped with modern radio stations. For off-road vehicles, the bumpers are additionally reinforced with rails, a steel bottom is welded on, and a rubber mixture is poured into the tires.

SPECIAL FORCES OF THE INTERNAL TROOPS OF THE MIA

3rd Separate Red Banner Special Purpose Brigade

The third separate Red Banner special forces brigade (military unit 3214, Uruchye) was formed on the basis of the 334th regiment of the 120th division. It is prepared both to disperse street actions and to participate in special operations. This is the shock unit of the internal troops. The number of personnel is 1500–2000 people. The brigade includes special purpose battalions, special squad rapid response (SOBR) and support units.

The main tasks of the brigade are the fight against terrorism, actions in the event of emergency situations, preparation in case of military danger.

In peacetime, brigade fighters participate in maintaining public order in the capital of the republic and often go on missions outside of Minsk. During opposition street actions, the brigade is usually kept in reserve and used only in the most extreme cases.

The fighters receive comprehensive and varied training. The program includes acrobatics, hand-to-hand combat, strength training, athletic gymnastics, and cross-country. Much attention is paid to shooting from different types weapons, as well as tactical and special training for actions in various situations.

In fact, the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs began with Almaz. True, at that time this unit was called “Berkut”, and its main purpose was to organize prison anti-terrorism. Similar detachments were created in other Soviet republics.

Today it is a rapid response unit. In 1994, the then head of Berkut and future Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Naumov took the initiative to rename the special unit “Almaz”. On the basis of the Department of Correctional Affairs of the former republics of the USSR, they urgently began to form a prison anti-terrorism unit. The order was signed on January 2, 1992. Vladimir Naumov, then still the commander of a patrol company, was appointed the first commander of the unit.

The main tasks being solved at that time were:

Release of hostages;

Detention of armed criminals;

Elimination of unrest in prisons.

The forces of the then small special forces carried out a number of operations to search for and detain dangerous criminals who escaped from pre-trial detention centers in Minsk and Brest. Hostages taken by repeat offenders in correctional colonies in Orsha and Minsk were freed, and a mass escape from the colony in Shklov was prevented.

As the nature of crime changed, so did the unit. At this time, many different criminal groups emerged. They started talking about the mafia, thieves' authorities, and the division of territories and spheres of influence. Belarusian terrorism was not limited to the walls of the colonies either. Greater use of special forces was required. The question of reorganization arose. A review of all special forces units was carried out, and the best was chosen - “Almaz”.

Since the fall of 1994, the unit has been transformed into a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, reporting personally to the minister. The fighters bear the responsibility for carrying out the most difficult tasks: eliminating terrorist attacks, freeing hostages, detaining various criminal armed groups.

The history of the name of the special forces is unique - in many countries such formations are still called “Berkut” or “Falcon”, but Belarusians took a different path. The new name was not chosen by chance - the diamond symbolizes hardness, purity, and nobility. In a memo for soldiers, their commander once wrote: “Always remember that a special forces officer must be pure and hard, like a diamond.”

Over the years of its existence, SPBT "Almaz" has accumulated vast practical experience, terrorist attacks were stopped and about 100 hostages were freed, together with the operational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, more than five and a half thousand special operations were carried out to search for and suppress the activities of organized criminal groups and organizations. One of the most resonant events of Almaz was the detention in Minsk of suspects in the murder of Russian journalist Paul Klebnikov.

TASKS

The main tasks are:

Prevention of terrorist acts;

Detection and disposal of explosive devices;

Carrying out special measures to detect and detain dangerous armed criminals, to seize counterfeit banknotes, narcotic, chemical and radioactive substances and ammunition;

Ensuring the physical security of the operational staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

Conducting search and reconnaissance activities;

Security for judges and supervisory personnel of the republic, senior officials of the state and foreign delegations.

The combat readiness of the unit is evidenced by the following fact: in the event of an alarm, the Almazovets must arrive at the base within 5–7 minutes. And within 20 minutes, reconnaissance and a combat group are sent to the scene of the incident anywhere in the country. After another 20 minutes, the second group leaves behind.

Mostly officers come to Almaz from similar units of the Ministry of Defense, police special forces, security service for the head of state, and border troops. As a rule, these are people who have served at least five years and have already participated in special operations. Women also serve in Almaz - negotiators and snipers.

The armament corresponds to the armament of other special forces of Belarus.

Minsk Special Purpose Police Regiment

The regiment was formed in the fall of 2005 on the basis of a special police detachment. Both then and now, the main task of the regiment is to protect public order during various mass actions.

Other tasks were:

Ensuring personal and property security of citizens on the streets and in other public places;

Prevention and suppression of offenses, group violations of public order and mass riots;

Participation, together with other services and divisions of internal affairs bodies, in detaining armed criminals, suppressing the activities of organized groups and criminal organizations;

Participation in special events and operations conducted by internal affairs bodies.

In addition, the unit’s fighters must be prepared for disasters, catastrophes, and natural and man-made accidents.

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On March 20, 1992, the government decree “On the creation of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus” was adopted. On the same day, the parliament of the republic adopted the Law “On the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus”, on the basis of which their formation began.
In November 1992, the Supreme Council adopted the Laws “On Defense”, “On Universal Military Duty and military service", "On the status of military personnel."
And on December 6, 1992, at the 10th session of the twelfth convocation, the parliamentarians of the republic adopted the Military Doctrine. Among the CIS states, Belarus was the first to adopt this document.

In accordance with the adopted legislative acts, the former troops of the Belarusian Military District (BVO) were reformed into the Armed Forces of Belarus in two stages.
At the first stage(1992) they were reduced by almost 30,000 people, their operational purpose was determined, and basic governing documents were developed.
At the second stage(1993-1994) the reduction of the army was basically completed, its structural transformations were carried out, and the troop command and control system was reformed.

The concentration of military units and formations in the republic was the highest in European continent. There was one military personnel for every 43 civilians. (For comparison: in Ukraine - by 98, in Kazakhstan - by 118, in Russia - by 634 people). For a republic with a population of ten million, such exorbitantly large Armed Forces were not needed, the costs of maintaining and equipping them were unacceptable. In addition, their total number, in accordance with the final act of the Helsinki Agreement of July 10, 1992, should not have exceeded 100,000 military personnel.
In this regard, in 1992-1996, over 250 military units that came under the jurisdiction of Belarus ceased to exist or were seriously reformed, and the number of military personnel decreased threefold and in 1997 stabilized at around 83 thousand people.
At the same time, the arsenal of military equipment and weapons was significantly reduced. This reduction was implemented by the beginning of 1996.

By this time, the process of structural reform of the army was basically completed: combined arms and tank armies were transformed into army corps, motorized rifle and tank divisions- into separate mechanized brigades, and some of them into storage bases for weapons and equipment, an airborne division and a separate airborne brigade - into Mobile Forces, consisting of three mobile brigades, aviation divisions and regiments - into air bases.

Since December 2001, the Armed Forces have transitioned to a two-service structure - the Ground Forces and the Air Force and Air Defense Forces.

To command Ground Forces in addition to the tasks of maintaining at the required level of combat readiness and combat capability of subordinate formations and units, it is also entrusted with the function of managing the preparation and conduct of territorial defense. The location of the command of the Ground Forces was the city of Bobruisk.

The Western and Northwestern operational commands were created on the basis of the 28th and 65th Army Corps. By 2005, the total strength of the Armed Forces was 65 thousand people (50 thousand military personnel and 15 thousand civilian personnel).

Currently, the staffing of the Armed Forces with sergeants and soldiers conscript service carried out mainly on a territorial basis.
Since 1995, contract service has been practiced in the Belarusian army in the positions of privates and sergeants.

The problem of training military personnel has been resolved in the Belarusian army. Created in 1995 in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of the Minsk Higher Engineering Anti-Aircraft Missile and Minsk Higher Military command schools Military Academy trains officers for almost all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the military. The main military university of the country is based on 10 faculties.
Along with this, Belarusian officers and cadets have the opportunity to receive education at higher military educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Mostly, military personnel of scarce specialties are trained there, the training of which is not carried out in Belarus.
To replenish formations and units with specialists and lower-level commanders in the Armed Forces there is wide network educational units.

The Minsk Suvorov Military School received the status of a state secondary specialized educational institution with a military-professional direction of training and education of young men in 1995. This educational institution has been restored to its original purpose - first of all, it educates children of fallen military personnel, orphans, and children from large and low-income families. Adolescents who have completed the 5th and 6th grades of secondary school have the right to enter the school.

The difficult international situation at the end of the twentieth century required the creation of a fairly effective security system based on a political, economic and military alliance with the Russian Federation.
Having proclaimed the purely defensive nature of the Military Doctrine, the Republic of Belarus proceeds from the fact that not a single state is currently a potential adversary for it.

official website of the Ministry of Defense of Belarus http://www.mod.mil.by/


Landing units and formations

In the early 90s of the last century, the military and political leadership of the country faced the difficult problem of preserving the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, the 38th Guards Air Assault Brigade and the 5th separate brigade special purposes, included in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, as well as rethinking the tasks that it is advisable for them to perform.
This was dictated by the proclamation by the Republic of Belarus of a Military Doctrine that is purely defensive in nature.
The reform of the country's Armed Forces that followed this did not bypass the airborne units.

In September 1995, mobile forces consisting of the 38th, 317th and 350th separate mobile brigades were formed on the basis of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division and the 38th Guards Air Assault Brigade. On the basis of the last two, a formation was formed in 2002, which was given the name 103rd Guards Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov, II degree, separate mobile brigade.

Mobile forces were a branch of the Ground Forces intended to cover the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, disrupt enemy special operations and perform other suddenly arising tasks.
The process of understanding the role of newly created formations in the Armed Forces system has passed difficult path. Initially, in the mid-90s of the 20th century, these formations were planned to be used similarly to combined arms. During the exercises of those years, formations of mobile forces were most often used to conduct defensive and offensive actions, cover individual directions. Their main trump cards: speed, pressure and high maneuverability remained unclaimed.

However, during the same period, mobile force formations began to practice individual special operations tasks, mainly related to countering illegal armed groups and enemy airborne sabotage forces. Special reconnaissance units practiced conducting special operations in territory captured by the enemy. Further development The theory and practice of special actions received during the preparation and conduct of complex operational and operational-tactical exercises “Neman-2001”, “Berezina-2002”, “Clear Sky-2003”, “Shield of the Fatherland-2004”, “Shield of the Union-2006” , command and staff (tactical and special) exercises with the 38th Guards and 103rd Guards separate mobile brigades, the 5th separate special purpose brigade.

At the beginning of 2004, due to the further increase in the role of special operations forces in modern wars, the Directorate of Special Operations Forces of the General Staff of the Armed Forces was created, and fundamental changes were made to the organizational and staffing structure of mobile formations and units.

In 2005, during a bilateral command and staff exercise with troops of the Northwestern Operational Command, a fairly wide range of combat use of special operations forces was tested.
The result of painstaking work was the further reform of mobile connections and their management system. The first step on this path was the reorganization of the command of mobile forces and formations, the direct subordination of mobile brigades to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus and the creation of a special operations forces department in the operational directorate.

To optimize the management of these formations, manage their combat and mobilization training, organize their construction and development, comprehensive support, coordinate actions during the implementation of assigned tasks, and plan the activities of special operations forces, a command of special operations forces was created in August 2007 in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus .

Currently, the total number of special operations forces is about five thousand people. They are intended to perform reconnaissance, special and organizational tasks both on temporarily captured by the enemy and on their own territory. An equally important task is the fight against terrorism.
IN modern conditions mobile brigades, which form the basis of the special operations forces of the Armed Forces, are considered not as mechanized formations, but as special troops capable of highly maneuverable, covert and effective fighting specific (non-traditional) ways. They involve actions by small units combined with active reconnaissance, effective use available weapons, equipment, engineering ammunition, secrecy of actions.
One of the features of the training of special operations forces (SSO) units of the Armed Forces is a mixed system of their recruitment - conscript and contract servicemen. This allows us to prepare a trained reserve to complete units to wartime levels and to replenish units when combat capability is restored.

The training of special operations forces units today is carried out directly at the training and material base of formations and military units of the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces.
By the end of 2010, it is planned to create a training center for training special operations forces on the basis of the training ground of the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade "Losvido". This center will ensure the implementation of activities to improve the special training of special forces of the Armed Forces.
The Belarusian special forces plan to widely use standard armored vehicles and heavy weapons when conducting special operations.
That is why mobile formations and military units in Belarus are also called “heavy special forces.”

The composition, structure and strength of individual mobile brigades are almost the same type, with the exception of the military equipment of individual mobile battalions.
The 38th Guards Separate Mobile Brigade is armed with BTR-80 armored personnel carriers, and the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade is armed with BMD-1 airborne combat vehicles.
IN organizational structure Formations and military units of special operations forces provide for almost all issues on which the implementation of a combat mission may depend, while the emphasis is placed specifically on mobility (reducing “carts”), long-term autonomy of the actions of units and subunits without reducing their combat effectiveness.
In addition, the main units are in a state of readiness and are capable of carrying out combat missions without additional personnel and equipment in peacetime.

In the training of special forces units of the Armed Forces, joint training activities with other troops and military formations of other power structures of the military organization of the state are widely used.
At the same time, during the training of special forces units, the experience of combat use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and special operations forces of foreign states in modern military conflicts is widely studied and taken into account. The content of training for military personnel of the MTR of the Armed Forces is as close as possible to the real conditions of modern combat operations. MTR units are constantly in readiness to carry out unexpected tasks, in close cooperation with other law enforcement agencies and local administrative and executive bodies.
Currently, a coherent system of views on the conduct of special operations and the use of special operations forces of the Armed Forces has emerged, although theoretical and practical developments in this area of ​​military art continue.

Based on an analysis of trends in the development of the armed forces of foreign states, the experience of conducting military conflicts of the last decade and conducted exercises, it was determined that the special operations forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus are intended to perform various tasks using special methods and methods in order to prevent the escalation or cessation of an armed conflict in relation to Republic of Belarus from any aggressor and act as one of the main elements of strategic deterrence.



Sleeve insignia of the Special Special Purpose Detachment of the 5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic Belarus

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1991-1995

Joint Belarusian-Chinese tactical training 2011

Muted version (embroidery)

muted version

Sleeve stripe 5th OBRSpN of the Armed Forces of the Republic Belarus. Model 1994

Belarus
In 1994, for the 5th separate brigade, the brigade commander, Colonel I. B. Vilchkovsky, developed a sleeve insignia with an image of a wolf against the backdrop of an open parachute. The sleeve badge existed from 1994 to 2002.

Sleeve badge Special squad special purpose 5th separate special purpose brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic Belarus

22nd special forces company of the Western Operational Command of the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus

33rd Guards Separate Special Purpose Detachment of the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus

Original stripe The 33rd detachment looks exactly like this. The three colors on the shield field symbolize the 3 elements in which the squad members carry out their operational activities; blue-sky, green-earth, blue-water.

Reconnaissance patch of the 38th Guards Separate Vienna Red Banner Mobile Brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus

special forces of the Republic of Belarus

5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Special Operations Forces MO Republic of Belarus (inscription in Latin: “Departing into the night”).

38th Guards Separate Mobile Brigade of the Special Operations Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus (ceremonial version)

chevron of a special detachment ("officer company") of the 5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Special Operations Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus

5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Special Operations Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic Belarus, ceremonial version (inscription in Latin: “Going into the night”).

chevron of the 5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Special Operations Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus (inscription in Latin: “Leaving into the night”).

chevron of the 103rd Guards separate mobile brigade of the special forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (Vitebsk)

chevron of the 38th Guards separate mobile brigade of the special forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (Brest)


In the center of the sleeve badge is a “walking fox” against the background of a stylized red arrow. The fox is a cunning and cautious animal, acting secretly, assertively but cautiously, a small but dangerous predator - symbolizes the specifics of the actions of special purpose intelligence officers. The arrow, as an element of the heraldic sign, is an ancient symbol of reconnaissance - it symbolizes the ability to deeply penetrate behind enemy lines and the readiness to carry out important tasks at the forefront of the attack. In addition, the sign has the constellation Ursa Major and the North Star, which symbolize precision in the selection of targets, management and orientation of special reconnaissance scouts.
In 1989, Minister of Defense of the Republic Belarus allowed a special company of Beaver Special Forces to have its own personal sleeve insignia - “Black Fox” and badge. A sleeve insignia with this symbolism in the form of a Gothic shield was developed by servicemen of the 5th Special Forces Brigade in 1992 (the 1st and 4th Special Forces units also had their own modification of this insignia) and since 2002 it has been one of the first sleeve insignia that identifies membership in a military unit in the Armed Forces Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
From 1994 to 2002, the brigade had a badge with an image of a wolf, designed by the former brigade commander, Colonel I. B. Vilchkovsky. Now the “veteran” badge played a huge role in instilling pride among servicemen in belonging to the unit and unit.

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