Waste disposal business where to start. Waste recycling in Russia: features, requirements and interesting facts

In Russia, like many other things, our country is distinguished from the West. Mainly in Western countries Waste is sorted according to certain criteria. The Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation does not want to rush into the transition from burning waste to recycling it.

The solution to the problem proposed by the Ministry and its Federal Agency

In Russia, waste incineration plants are used locally for waste disposal. According to representatives of the Ministry of Natural Resources, these plants are very energy and cost intensive and largely survive due to government subsidies. But this ministry still plans to build in accordance with the adopted concept for solid waste management until 2030. Rosprirodnadzor considers incineration to be the most optimal form of waste disposal.

Why incineration is not the optimal solution

In Russia, burning solutions are dangerous from an environmental point of view. With the help of waste incineration plants, solid waste is turned into smoke, which contains all the carcinogens that are not dispersed throughout environment when storing waste in landfills. As a result of the construction of such plants, there may be an increase in the incidence of a number of serious illnesses, including cancer. But even if the issue under consideration is removed from the area of ​​the most serious diseases, then emissions with carcinogens cause allergic reactions- the scourge of diseases in recent years. When burning waste, dioxins are released, which more dangerous than strychnine and potassium cyanide.

The problem of waste recycling in Russia exists, but it needs to be solved.

Concept of garbage business

The waste recycling business should be based on the creation of appropriate plants. Like any other business, this business requires initial capital to rent or purchase premises, hire personnel who will have to work on the appropriate equipment, but this will also need to be purchased.

In addition, you will have to collect a bunch different documents permitting this type of activity.

It is also necessary to provide for how waste will be delivered and how it will be sold. The first is especially relevant, since there is no culture of garbage collection in our country - on a local scale, it is all stored in one bag without sorting and thrown away trash container. According to Rosprirodnadzor specialists, if the state does not encourage manufacturers of recyclable materials to purchase from waste processing plants, such plants have no future.

Russia has its positive and negative sides.

Positive aspects of the garbage business

• The volumes of waste are limitless.
• The processed product, as world experience shows, must be in demand.
• Such a business will most likely be supported by local authorities, since recycling is also a headache for them.
• A processing plant can process different raw materials, or maybe some specific ones, which makes it easier to make a decision about starting business development.
• Almost zero competition - as will be shown below, there are practically no waste processing plants in Russia.
• With reasonable organization of production, these factories can become fully profitable and profitable in a couple of years.

Negative aspects of the garbage business

• The main disadvantage is waste sorting, as mentioned above.
• Large costs - the plant may or may not pay off if not approached correctly, but it will require initial costs, and these costs will not pay off in any case for a number of years.
• A huge pile of documents that an enterprise in this business will have to deal with.
• Finding suppliers and buyers, especially at the beginning of a business, is very difficult.

Garbage statistics

Here are the statistics on waste recycling in Russia. Only 4% of the total volume in our country is recycled. In 2017, the volume of solid waste in Russia exceeded 60 billion tons with an annual addition of 60 million tons.

All the garbage in our country occupies about 4 million hectares, which is comparable to the area of ​​Switzerland or Holland. Every year this area increases by 10%, which is comparable to the total area of ​​the two capitals of Russia.

Currently, there are about 15,000 waste dumps in the country that have been sanctioned by the authorities, the number landfills, according to various sources, ranges from 200 to 1000.

More landfills are illegal. Most of them are in Leningrad, Chelyabinsk, Moscow, Sverdlovsk and a number of other regions.

Waste recycling plants in Russia

Data from Rosprirodnadzor indicate that there are only seven waste incineration plants in our country, which are located in Moscow, Sochi, Murmansk, Vladivostok, and Pyatigorsk. Here, waste is burned, the resulting ash and slag are compressed and disposed of by burial. Moreover, only 7-10% of the received waste is burned. The cost of burning solid waste is higher than the cost of burying it.

According to other sources, there are more than 200 waste processing plants in Russia, as well as about 50 Let's take a closer look at some of the list of waste processing plants in Russia.

IN Kemerovo region The Novokuznetsk waste processing plant has been operating since 2008. Here waste is sorted, recyclable materials are recycled, and the remaining garbage is buried in a landfill designed for 75 years.

In the Kursk region, a sorting line for a waste recycling plant was opened in 2013.

In Krasnoyarsk there is a waste sorting plant that processes up to 730,000 tons of solid waste per year. Recyclable materials are sent for recycling, and the remaining waste is disposed of at our own landfill.

In 2014, a waste processing plant was launched in Orenburg. Can be processed here toxic substances, such as medical waste, mercury. The plant is equipped with a perolysis unit. Processing is possible up to 250,000 tons annually. Sorting occurs in manual mode. The remains are buried at the landfill and compacted with a roller.

There are several waste incineration plants operating in the Moscow region. These include the State Unitary Enterprise "Special Plant No. 2", "Special Plant No. 3" (this plant operates with enviable instability), and the Rudnevo Waste Incineration Plant has been operating since 2003.

World experience in waste management

Not only the surface of the Earth, but also the ocean is currently polluted with garbage. In 1997, the American oceanographer C. Moore, passing through the Northern Pacific Spiral, saw that he was surrounded by heaps of debris far from land. According to him, it took him a week to overcome this pile.

In most countries of the world, waste is collected not in one container, but in different ones, after being sorted. In Ljubljana in Slovenia, as well as in Russia, they were going to build waste incineration plants. Their construction was included in the 2014 project, but the country’s leadership came to their senses in time. Goes to apartments special officer. The need to recycle waste and use recyclable materials is actively promoted among the population.

In conclusion

Waste recycling in Russia is at the initial phase of its development. Very small quantity garbage is recycled. In Russia garbage business not developed. It has its own prospects, but those who are not afraid of paperwork and who have money for initial capital that can be risked should try their hand. Management should listen to environmentalists and, instead of building waste incineration plants, pay attention to global experience in waste processing.

Contemporary challenges related to recycling household waste in Russia, are based on disabilities to return resources to natural and economic circulation. Running a business based on waste recycling is characterized by the rationality of investments with a high degree of payback and profitability. In addition, this business option does not require special knowledge.

Business relevance

According to the Ministry natural resources, the average Russian family annually throws out about 1.6 tons of household waste, including more than 145 kg of plastic and almost 100 kg of paper waste, as well as almost a thousand glass bottles. All this garbage is a potential source of raw materials for production activities in the waste processing industry. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is one of the most profitable and promising due to the following circumstances:

• the emergence of high-quality and affordable domestic equipment that allows you to process household waste in small production areas;
• annual expansion of the sales market.

In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources plans to prohibit incineration of waste that may be suitable for further processing. Like any business, waste recycling requires initial financial investments and registration of all necessary title and permitting documentation.

Preparation of a package of documents

First and most important document The way to engage in waste recycling as a business is to obtain a license from the Ministry of Environment. This document must be obtained once. The received license is valid for the entire duration of implementation entrepreneurial activity. Obtaining a license is quite simple. It is enough to register as or with simplified system taxation and organize an environmental assessment, which issues a conclusion.

Next, a package of documents is collected, including title and project documentation for the premises used, as well as a business plan for waste recycling, with a description of the production technology and permission from the fire inspectorate, SES, water and utilities. The process of collecting and confirming the entire package of documents takes about three months.

It is worth noting that a fairly convenient option is to order turnkey licensing. Firms involved in the preparation of such documentation work with both legal and individuals with individual entrepreneur status. The cost of such a service depends on the type of solid waste processed and the volume of production.

Of greatest interest is a mini-plant for waste processing based on crushing and sorting equipment, a business plan for the use of which is developed according to a standard scheme. The highest profitability is shown by a plant with a Russort production line, with a productivity of 10 tons and a power of 100 kW per hour.

Production premises and personnel

Construction of the plant requires the use of relatively level land plot, the dimensions of which range from 55 by 30 to 80 by 40 meters. The location of production lines may vary depending on the type of access roads. The building must include a sorting room with an area of ​​about 10 by 7 meters. The plant area must be landscaped using road slabs and equipped with a protective net to prevent debris from flying away.

The standard staff of the main personnel, in addition to the manager, foreman and mechanic, includes a team of workers consisting of:

• sorting line operators;
• press line operators;
• hydraulic manipulator operators;
• drivers.

Five-day working week- 8 hour shift:

• number of workers - 21 people, including foreman and mechanic;
• processing volume per shift - 80 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 19 thousand tons of solid waste.

Five-day work week - 2 shifts of 12 hours:

• number of workers - 40 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
• processing volume per shift - 115 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 39 thousand tons of solid waste.

Seven-day work week - 24-hour operation:

• number of workers - 80 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
• processing volume per shift - 230 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 80 thousand tons of solid waste.

The work is carried out in four shifts, each with 19 workers, a mechanic and a foreman.

Equipment selection

Modern standards and requirements require equipping the complex with the following equipment:

• press for recyclable materials and “tailings”;
• hydraulic manipulator;
• container capacity of 15 cubic meters for broken glass;
• feeding and sorting conveyors;
• a basket for secondary raw materials with a volume of 8 cubic meters;
• hydraulic stacker and trolley with scales;
• sorting cabin for 168 square meters with twenty working sorting posts for sixteen types of waste;
• KAMAZ-multilift.

In addition, the area of ​​the frameless hangar should be about 430 square meters, including household compartments with locker rooms, showers and toilets, a manager’s room and a relaxation area for service personnel, as well as an individual boiler room.

Process technology

The technology used in solid waste processing plants may vary depending on the equipment and the final destination of the raw materials, but the main processes are standard and consist of the following steps:

• unloading garbage trucks at the unloading site;
• loading of waste mass onto the feed inclined conveyor belt using a hydraulic petal gripper of a hydraulic manipulator;
• lifting waste by the feed conveyor onto the sorting conveyor belt;
• manual sorting of waste with the selection of useful fractions that accumulate in special baskets;
• unloading the remaining mass into the press compactor, which is located near the end of the plant;
• compaction of waste into press containers;
• pressing of recyclable materials into special bales, ready for shipment to consumers.

Income/expenses and profitability

Starting investments:

• the cost of the mini-plant is 30 million rubles.

Economic indicators:

• annual volume of solid waste - 33 thousand tons;
• the annual volume of sorted recyclables is 5 thousand tons;
• capital investments for the acquisition of the plant - 30 million rubles;
• annual depreciation rate of fixed assets - 3 million rubles;
• annual diesel costs - 356 thousand rubles;
• annual transportation costs - 8.3 thousand rubles;
• annual equipment maintenance costs - 81 thousand rubles;
• annual costs for equipment repairs - 150 thousand rubles;
• annual payment for electricity - 650 thousand rubles;
• annual volume wages— 3.85 million rubles;
• annual payroll taxes - 1.1 million rubles;
• expenses for workwear - 48 thousand rubles.

Total expenses: 9.2 million rubles. per year.

• maximum consumption of secondary raw materials per ton is 1.8 thousand rubles;
• annual sales volumes of secondary raw materials, including VAT - 17 million rubles;
• profit before taxes - 8 million rubles;
• VAT -1.4 million rubles;

Income: 6 million rubles.

The estimated payback period is about three years.

Mini-plants for processing solid waste are classified as prefabricated, and the average construction time is about three months. A high-quality and reliable line for such an enterprise can be purchased for an amount of 30 million rubles, and inexpensive and modern construction solutions make it possible to minimize start-up costs.

The productivity of such production under standard conditions is about one hundred tons per shift, which is comparable in volume to twelve KAMAZ trucks of waste. With such indicators, the payback threshold does not exceed four years.

We live in an age of opportunity. Everyone is free to do what they want: one works “for someone else,” another earns money by freelancing, and the third opens his own business. Most believe that own business- guarantee of success and good level life. Despite the fact that high competition in almost all areas of business does not often allow newcomers to gain a foothold in the market, there are still industries where you can earn good money and occupy a certain niche. One of these is the waste recycling market.

Waste recycling as a business

Currently, about 44 million tons of garbage end up in landfills in Russia every year. At the same time, only 30% can be recycled, the rest is left to rot, causing enormous damage to the environment. If you are not an environmentalist, then these words are unlikely to motivate you. And if you consider that along with tons of garbage, billions of rubles rot annually that could be yours?

Waste recycling is a promising business in our country. There is little competition in this area, but there are many “resources”. In addition, the government actively supports such businessmen, helping with renting premises and purchasing necessary equipment.

The average payback period for a waste recycling business is 2–6 months. This is a very good indicator. As for profitability, it usually reaches 30%.

Thus, the waste recycling business is beneficial because:

• actively supported by the state, it provides tax benefits for property used for waste processing, assistance in finding, renting or purchasing premises and equipment;
• raw materials cost 7–10 times cheaper than the finished product (the amount of waste at the moment can be considered unlimited);
• a waste recycling plant pays for itself in 3–5 years, which is a good indicator;
• the demand for recyclable materials is high and continues to grow, that is, there is no need to look for buyers;
• This is an opportunity not only to earn good money, but also to help protect the environment.

A small waste processing workshop can be opened in any locality in Russia

Business areas

What exactly does a waste recycling company do? Obviously, waste recycling. But not only that. The search for raw materials, their transportation, and sorting will also fall on the shoulders of the businessman. However, you can narrow the scope and choose only one area of ​​activity.

Garbage collection and transportation

Garbage removal from cities and towns is one of the most popular areas. However, competition in this area is the highest.

You won’t have to look for garbage for transportation for a long time; just submit several advertisements in populated areas or enter into an agreement with local authorities and customers will find you themselves.

The question is who should sell the collected garbage. There are two options.

The first one goes to the landfill. In this case, you will receive funds only for waste removal outside populated areas. This is the least expensive and easiest way to make money from garbage. To implement it you will need:

• freight transport. It can be rented or purchased. A month's rental of one garbage truck costs about 150,000 rubles. Buying a new garbage truck will cost 3,000,000–3,500,000 rubles; a used car in good condition will cost 1,000,000–1,500,000 rubles less;
• enter into an agreement with a landfill for waste disposal. The cost of storing waste is 1,500–2,000 rubles per 5 tons;
• staff, which includes: drivers, accountant, administrator. If your fleet has about 10 cars or more, you need to hire a mechanic and a car mechanic. The approximate monthly payroll for a company with a fleet of 10 cars will be about 300,000–350,000 rubles, depending on the region;
• permission from SES, Rospotrebnadzor, fire department. These documents can be obtained from the relevant authorities in each specific region.

Thus, in the first six months of operation of a company with ten cars, you will have to invest about 12,000,000 rubles (renting a vehicle) or 30,500,000 rubles (purchasing a vehicle).

The profit from the business will consist of the cost of garbage removal: 5 tons of waste will bring the businessman about 4,000 - 5,000 rubles. Accordingly, the income of an organization with a fleet of 10 cars at full load averages 6,000,000 rubles per month. Over six months, this amount will be 36,000,000 rubles.

There is a second option - selling the removed garbage. But it is quite difficult to find a buyer for unsorted waste, so let’s consider the second type of activity - waste sorting.

For the successful functioning of a business, a pack of modern garbage trucks is needed

Waste sorting

Collection and sorting are interrelated stages. Sorted waste is in high demand in the market. However, in order to engage in this type of activity, expensive equipment is needed. The most budget sorting complex costs 4,000,000 rubles.

Almost all the work in the sorting room is done manually, so for a medium-sized sorting shop you will need at least 5 pairs of workers, and this is another 100,000 rubles in costs per month.

And also to organize sorting it is necessary to rent a room with an area of ​​at least 300 m2. The rental cost will be from 25,000 to 30,000 rubles per month.

Particular attention should be paid to obtaining permission to sort and store waste. Below will be discussed detailed instructions receiving it.

Thus, the cost of organizing and running a waste sorting business will be about 7,000,000 rubles for the first six months, taking into account the purchase of raw materials.

A medium-capacity sorting shop is capable of producing 15–20 tons of products per month. The cost per ton depends on the type of waste and ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. Accordingly, the average income will be equal to 120,000 rubles per month or 720,000 rubles for six months.

A company collecting and sorting waste is forced to attract many workers, so its labor costs are quite high

Waste sorting as a business idea is attractive because the demand for it is quite high. If you wish, you can find clients even abroad. In addition, competition in this industry is low.

But there are also disadvantages. Waste sorting equipment is not cheap. You will also need a room of impressive size.

Disposal

You don’t have to sort the garbage, but simply get rid of it. The most common method of waste disposal is incineration.

Oddly enough, the waste disposal business is the most expensive and least profitable. The fact is that waste must be disposed of according to certain rules, which are dictated by a variety of government and non-government organizations.

In addition, to carry out recycling it is necessary to collect a lot of permits and only then issue a license.

Waste treatment

Waste treatment activities involve bringing raw materials to a state in which they can be reused.

Before moving on financial indicators waste processing activities, we will consider which materials can be recycled.

Types of materials for processing

There are many options for raw materials: plastic, rubber, paper, wood, glass, metal. Any of these materials are present in sufficient quantities in city landfills.

Now let's get acquainted with the intricacies of working with each material in more detail.

Polymers are not only a popular type of waste, but also the most profitable. There is high unmet demand for recycled polymers. Plastic processing costs are low. The whole cycle consists of several stages:

• sorting by color;
• removal of dirt, stickers;
• pressing;
• grinding;
• re-cleaning;
• polishing

The resulting material is used to make plastic bottles, bags and much more.

Recycling of plastic products is the most profitable segment of the industry

Paper recycling

The waste paper recycling industry is the most popular among Russian businessmen. Paper and cardboard waste goes through the following stages:

• sorting by type - there are 12 types in total;
• removal of contaminants;
• thermomechanical treatment.

The recycled material is used to produce cardboard packaging and toilet paper.

Rubber is the most dangerous waste; burning it is strictly prohibited. Most often, tires can be recycled; there is a lot of such waste in Russian landfills.

There are several ways to process rubber:

• grinding into crumbs. Everyone has seen playgrounds with rubber coating. This coating is made from such crumbs;
• pyrolysis As a result of pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain artificial oil, technical carbon raw materials, and raw materials for metallurgy.

Recycled rubber is in demand on the Russian market, so this area is one of the most profitable

Glass recycling

Broken glass - gold mine waste recycling. The material can be taken from factories producing any glass products completely free of charge. There are always a lot of marriages there. In addition, this particular waste processing industry is actively supported by the state.

Glass melts at relatively low temperatures, and this is a good saving on electricity.

Glass goes through the following stages of processing:

• cleansing;
• grinding;
• melting;
• grinding;
• grinding.

The last three actions are performed by one machine.

Metal recycling

Metal processing is the most environmentally responsible industry. Metal waste is very harmful to our planet, so its recycling must be taken with the utmost seriousness.

What can be recycled? The list is quite extensive:

• discarded cars and their components;
• industrial waste.

The processing of metals is somewhat more complex compared to the processing of other waste. It consists of the following stages:

• dismantling;
• transportation;
• examination;
• sorting;
• recycling.

Scrap metal recycling is not only a profitable business, but also a contribution to improving the environmental climate in the region

What you need to start a waste recycling business

At the initial stage, a waste recycling company requires more time and administrative resources than material ones. Below is step by step instructions for organizing such a business.

Registration

It is permissible to register a company both in the form of an individual entrepreneur and in the form of a legal entity. The choice depends on the planned scale of activity.

When registering as a legal entity, the LLC form is preferred. This will allow the business to expand in the future. For example, start producing products from recycled materials.

Registration of LLCs and individual entrepreneurs is carried out in tax office. Documents for establishing an LLC include:

• application for state registration of legal entities;
• minutes of the founders' meeting;
• agreement on the establishment of a company;
• charter of the company;
• notification of the transition to the simplified tax system.

When registering a business, you must choose a taxation system. The most preferable from the point of view of cost savings would be the simplified tax system.

The application will need to indicate OKVED activities. In OKVED there is class 38 with a list of activity codes, including:

• 38.1 - waste collection;
• 38.11 - collection of non-hazardous waste;
• 38.12 - collection of hazardous waste;
• 38.21 - treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste;
• 38.22 - treatment and disposal of hazardous waste.

The cost of registering an LLC is 4,000 rubles. The duration of consideration of the application is no more than three working days. Templates of required documents:

• registration application form;
• notification of the transition to the simplified tax system.

Obtaining permits and licenses

To carry out waste processing activities, it is necessary to obtain a number of permits from various regulatory authorities:

• for the use of land. You can obtain it from your regional land department. Before applying, fill out the form;
• from the SES, for which you should contact Rospotrebnadzor at the place of business. The following documents will be required: application, copy constituent document, account opening statement, premises rental agreement or certificate of ownership, garbage removal agreement, disinfection agreement. The application will be reviewed within a month;
• fire authorities. You must contact the fire department at your place of registration;
• from the environmental center;
• from electrical supervision.

You cannot engage in waste recycling without the appropriate license. It can be obtained at Federal service on supervision in the field of environmental management. The cost of the license is 24,000 rubles.

In order to obtain a license, you must:

• submit documents confirming the property base in the form of buildings and structures, equipment for work;
• confirm the presence of certified workers in the team. This is done by providing copies of employee certificates for the right to work with waste and employment contracts;
• have permission from the SES;
• provide information about the waste that the organization will work with;
• have concluded agreements with landfills and landfills. Copies of these must be provided to the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources.

In addition to the listed documents, to obtain a license you must provide:

• business registration certificate,
• copies of constituent documents,
• a copy of the tax registration certificate,
• application for a license.

You can submit documents either in person by contacting Rosprirodnadzor or by sending them by mail.

Sample license for waste recycling

Search for premises

You can build a waste treatment plant yourself, or you can rent it. However, it is important to remember that the premises for a waste recycling plant must be at least 600 m2. The processing workshop will occupy 400 m2, 200 m2 will be required for storing raw materials and finished products. Don't forget about the administrative office. It can be either at the factory or separately.

An excellent option would be to use abandoned factories and warehouses. You don't have to pay much to use them.

Independent construction of a structure suitable for waste recycling will cost 15,000,000–20,000,000 rubles.

Renting the building will cost from 50,000 to 80,000 rubles per month, depending on the region.

Recruitment

Low-skilled workers can be hired to sort waste, so there will be no shortage of personnel

Recycling waste is quite a responsible task, which a beginner cannot always cope with. In addition, without certified specialists on the team, it is impossible to obtain a license to operate.

The number of employees depends on the production capacity. You will definitely need waste sorters, an accountant, an administrator and a driver. In total, a medium-sized waste recycling plant employs about 10–30 people.

Table: plant staff

Thus, the plant's staff is 12 people. The monthly wage fund is 270,000 rubles.

Purchase of equipment

Today there are two types of devices on the waste recycling equipment market: stationary and mobile.

Stationary equipment takes up large areas, not intended for movement, has lower productivity. The cost of a complex of stationary installations ranges from 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 rubles.

Mobile devices are more convenient to use and require less intervention. Prices for a waste recycling complex start at 4,000,000 rubles.

The minimum equipment of a processing workshop includes:

• sorting line. Average market value - 1,000,000 rubles;
• storage bunker. Cost - 500,000 rubles;
• crushing apparatus. The minimum price of the device is 1,800,000 rubles;
• magnet. The average price is 1,200,000 rubles;
• bake. The price starts from 800,000 rubles.

Each of the listed devices can be purchased separately, or as part of the complex mentioned earlier. The second option will save about 500,000 rubles.

Equipment may include vehicles, without which it is impossible to do in the waste processing business

Thus, to start a business you need to spend a lot of effort, time and money. But business prospects justify these costs.

How much does it cost to open a waste recycling plant?

Now let’s summarize all of the above and talk about material costs in more detail. Let's say that we want to take this matter seriously, and for this we need own factory for processing. The building will be located near the city, next to a landfill, in order to save money on transportation in the future. The table shows the main average costs.

Table: starting capital for opening a waste recycling plant

The total costs according to the table will be approximately 20,000,000 rubles.

How to open a waste recycling business without start-up capital

Of course, not everyone has 20,000,000 rubles. But this does not mean that you should abandon the business.

You can choose one area of ​​activity, thereby reducing costs. The least expensive step in the waste processing process is its transportation. Your consumer in this case will be a waste recycling plant.

The main costs of such a business will include the cost of transport, licensing and labor. Obviously, the profit from transportation will be less than the profit from a full-cycle waste processing business. This option is suitable for those who do not have large sums at the initial stage.

Business plan for waste recycling: example calculation

Let's move on to the calculations. Let’s assume that the plant employs 10 people, whose average salary is 20,000 rubles per month. The monthly wage fund will be 200,000 rubles. Full cycle plant.

The cost of raw materials depends on the chosen industry. In the example, the acquisition costs will be calculated plastic waste. Market value tons of plastic is approximately 9,000 rubles. In a month, a plant with 10 employees will be able to process approximately 8 tons of waste. Therefore, monthly costs for raw materials will be 72,000 rubles. Let's include in this amount transportation costs, which correspond to approximately 20,000 rubles per month. The table shows the main expense items.

Table: Expected Costs

Expense item	Amount of expenses, rubles
One-time
Equipment	4 500 000
Vehicles (2 cars)	4 000 000
License	24 000
Registration costs	20 000
Total	8 544 000
Monthly	Amount of expenses per month, rubles
Renting premises	50 000
Wages	200 000
Raw materials	72 000
Utility payments	30 000
Other	20 000
Total	372 000

Now let’s determine the payback period and profitability of our business. The table shows the main income items.

Table: estimated income

The average cost of recycled plastic on the market is 70,000 rubles per ton. In a month, a plant of average capacity will process 10 tons, therefore, the income will be 700,000 rubles per month.

In addition to the sale of recyclable materials, income comes from the removal of waste from populated areas. Two cars per month are capable of removing 300 tons of garbage worth 1,200,000 rubles.

The payback period will be 8,544,000/1,800,000 = 4.8 months.

Video: how to make money from garbage

Waste processing is one of the most promising areas of business. The return from the waste recycling plant will not be long in coming. In addition, you will receive support from government authorities, which will allow you to expand your business and increase your income. However, be prepared for large time and material costs, especially at the initial stage.

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Recycling of municipal solid waste in recent years is becoming more and more promising business. Just two or three years ago, this business was less profitable than taking waste to landfills or recycling recyclables, but a lot has changed since then.

Waste recycling in Russia: prospects

For nature and society, the problem of waste recycling is very acute. Russia has accumulated 3 billion tons of waste that requires disposal. This amount increases every year by 60 million tons. Approximately 96% of MSW (municipal solid waste) is still sent to landfills. Of this amount, at least 60% can and should be recycled for the reason that these are valuable recyclable materials: glass, paper, cardboard, metal, polymers, etc. Here is some data for Moscow: last year, out of 3 million tons of solid waste, only 1% was recycled.

But the situation was the same five and ten years ago. What makes waste recycling a promising type of small business right now?

• Inexpensive domestic equipment of low and medium productivity has appeared on the market. Sorting complex
• More and more small industries for processing recyclable materials are appearing. This expands the sales market.
• and lastly, the Ministry of Natural Resources has long been planning a ban on burning recyclable waste. When such a ban is introduced, sorting will become even more profitable and have no alternative.

In your particular region, the situation may have its own nuances that require elaboration. But we can absolutely say that in any city in the country a small solid waste processing line will pay for itself in about a year and a half.

Garbage collection: problems and ideas

What's in the average trash can? Half of its contents are polymers: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene. Another quarter food waste. Up to 10% - paper and cardboard. The remaining 15 - 20% is rubber, metal, textiles, etc. As you can see, at least 60% household waste may be sent for recycling. But this is in theory. In practice, separate collection of solid waste, which is common in many European countries, Japan, is a distant matter for us. And from unseparated waste, using modern recycling lines, only 25% of recyclables can be recovered. Although some cities are installing containers for sorting waste, such initiatives have not yet brought real benefits. Therefore, businessmen involved in the disposal of solid waste have to provide themselves with raw materials themselves, by sorting them in special installations.

Where is the best place for such a business? Of course, close to the source of waste, that is, a landfill. It could also be an industrial zone near the city. You can buy special mobile processing plants and move production from one meta to another. This is relevant, for example, for the disposal of construction waste.

Sorting installations can be either manual or automated. Their cost ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars.

Waste recycling business plan

Let's illustrate the idea with an indicative business plan. It’s good if there is an opportunity to attract investments in the amount of $20 million. That’s how much a full-cycle solid waste processing plant is valued at. But if this is not possible, then start recycling one of the types of waste.

Equipment: Exactly what you need depends on the type of raw material you choose for processing. But you almost certainly will not do without: a sorting line, a crusher, a magnet, a storage unit and a press. A melting furnace would also be useful. Let's assume that the cost of the equipment is $60,000.

Premises: 100 sq. m required. for warehouses and not less than 600 sq. m. for production. To ensure that the premises meet sanitary and fire safety requirements, be prepared to invest another $2,000 – $3,000.

Staff: Recycling waste is a labor-intensive process. Your production may employ up to 40 workers. Salary – $300 per month.

Practice shows that utility costs in such production will be 20%.

Receiving from 400 to 1400 dollars per ton of processed raw materials, minus all expenses, it is possible to have a net profit of 10 thousand. dollars. In this case, your business will show a 50% profitability and will pay off within a month.

Permits

The main document required to open a waste sorting business is a license, which is issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources. To do this, your line must undergo an environmental assessment. It is carried out by the local (city or regional) environmental management department. Based on the results of the examination, a conclusion is issued (positive or negative). The conclusion is issued once for the entire period of operation of the enterprise.

To obtain a license, you will need to obtain permission in advance from the fire inspectorate and SES, utilities and water management, and provide a project with detailed description technical process. Preparation of a package of documents can take up to six months.

Every year you need to obtain permission from the ministry to store solid waste on the territory.

There are usually no problems with permission to open a business from local authorities. Such enterprises are welcome.

Tire recycling

Tires can be disposed of in one of three ways:

• crushing into crumbs. This is the most common and simple method. Crushed rubber is used as a filler for soft street surfaces, for example, for children's and sports fields. Tires are also crushed for easy transportation for subsequent pyrolysis.
• burning. The method is unacceptable from an environmental point of view and is not suitable for small businesses, but is still used, for example, in heating plants.
• pyrolysis. This is the most promising method and an excellent topic for a medium or small enterprise. Pyrolysis (depolymerization) is a method of decomposing rubber into:

1. carbon black;
2. gas similar to natural
3. metal cord, raw materials for metallurgy
4. synthetic oil.

All pyrolysis products are in demand raw materials, and when proper organization sales, the tire recycling business can show very high profitability.

Recycling construction waste

Construction waste must first be sorted. It may contain concrete, brick, wood, metal. The task of recycling concrete comes down to crushing it with the parallel extraction of metal particles from it. The process takes place in several stages:

1. Grinding large parts, for example using a hydraulic hammer.
2. Crushing
3. Metal extraction
4. Sorting particles by size on a screen.

The result of such disposal will be secondary crushed stone.

Disposal construction waste also has great value from an environmental point of view. The pace of construction in our country is constantly increasing, old houses are being demolished. And transporting the resulting construction waste to landfills becomes unacceptably expensive and there is simply nowhere to go. But it can be reused on site! For this purpose, crushing and screening complexes are used. Recycled crushed stone is useful, for example, for backfilling an old pit. It can also be used simply for construction. The cost of concrete is reduced by 25%.

In world practice, it has long been practiced not to demolish, but to dismantle buildings with simultaneous sorting of construction waste. Up to 80% of construction waste can be used.

Glass recycling and cullet recycling

Non-standard and broken bottles that should go to landfill, as well as glass production waste, can also be recycled at a good profit for yourself and organize a glass recycling business.

You can take cullet from its production (there is always breakage and defects), at your own specially organized collection point, or receive it from your own waste sorting line, which was mentioned above. Manufacturers are willing to buy recycled glass waste because its remelting requires a lower temperature than glass production. At the same time, a significant amount of energy is saved and the furnaces operate in a gentle mode. How to prepare broken glass for recycling? It needs to be cleaned and crushed using a special installation. Modern glass processing plants melt and filter the crushed mass. The price of glass processing equipment starts from 100 thousand rubles.

The resulting raw materials are used not only in the production of glass products, but also in many industries: abrasives, ceramic products, insulation, tiles and bricks.

Paper recycling business

Currently, 50% of used paper and cardboard in the world is recycled. With paper the situation is somewhat different. It can withstand no more than 3 to 5 processing cycles. After this, irreversible deformations of the fibers lead to the fact that the bonds between them are destroyed. But, despite this, the number of waste paper recycling industries is constantly growing, and this waste paper recycling business market is still far from being filled.

It is considered appropriate to sort paper into 12 grades according to whiteness, density, wood species and others. The composition of recyclable materials determines how it will be used in the future.

A simple (so-called wet) waste paper recycling technology consists of:

• dissolving paper in water. A pulper is used.
• removing all foreign objects from it. A cyclone cleaner is used
• in the case of cardboard recycling – thermomechanical processing
• fine purification of the mixture. Filtration through a sieve.

Recycled paper is used in the production of packaging cardboard and toilet paper in 75% of cases. The rest is used in the production of roofing materials.

Plastic recycling as a business

Although many types of plastics end up in household waste, PET containers, that is, plastic bottles, are considered the most promising in terms of recycling. They are the raw material for the production of so-called flex. This recycled product subsequently turns not only into the same plastic bottles, but also into paving slabs, film, synthetic bristles and much more.

Brief plastic recycling technology:

1. Preliminary stage: sorting by color, removing stickers, dirt and foreign objects, pressing raw materials.
2. On line: grinding, processing in a steam boiler, where residual impurities are removed, rinsing and polishing.

Where to get raw materials? There is plenty of it in landfills. Thus, the best supplier of raw materials for flex is a waste sorting line. You can purchase a mobile unit and organize processing directly at landfills, where you will have hundreds of tons of raw materials at your fingertips.

What is the price of plastic processing equipment?

A production line with a capacity of 1.5 tons of flex per hour will cost 160 thousand dollars and will pay for itself in a maximum of a year and a half.

And garbage is not only a good thing for the environment and society as a whole, but also an opportunity to make good money.

The importance of processing production for society

Indeed, garbage is the raw material that literally lies under your feet. Garbage recycling as a business can be classified as a socially significant area. The benefits from carrying out this type of activity are not only felt in the entrepreneur’s wallet, but also the environment becomes cleaner. The corresponding business plan is likely to not only receive approval from the municipal authorities, but also the possibility of receiving grants and subsidies from the budget arises.

Therefore, as optimal solution you can choose two areas of activity: integrate the processing stage into an existing one production cycle or build a separate waste processing plant. So, let's look at everything in order.

Types of waste for recycling

Can be recycled different types waste. It is their choice that determines the implementation of subsequent stages of production launch. The main varieties include:

• waste paper (paper and cardboard);
• rubber products (for example, tires);
• plastic and polymers;
• glass containers and broken glass;
• sawdust and other wood waste;
• colored and

Stages of the production process

All production process consists of several stages. Therefore, the entrepreneur needs to decide: either his enterprise will only sort and process waste in order to obtain semi-finished products (materials that can become raw materials in other production), or whether it will be a “closed cycle”, and the output will be finished product. As for semi-finished products, the following examples can be given: from car tires it turns out crumb rubber, from glass - special granules, and from polymers - small pressed blocks. As a finished product, we can note pellets obtained from wood waste, chipboard is made from sawdust, and toilet paper obtained from waste paper.

By the way, I would like to dwell in more detail on the paper waste recycling business, since its implementation is great opportunity saving the lives of many trees. From the resulting raw materials, you can get two types of finished product: writing paper and cardboard. Moreover, cardboard recycling is a fairly profitable and quickly payback production process.

Technical equipment for the waste processing process

So, the entrepreneur has decided on the production direction of his business. The next important step is waste recycling technology. To do this, you need to purchase the appropriate equipment. If we consider a universal waste processing plant, then significant costs will be required at the very beginning of organizing this business. At the same time, the cost of a manually operated machine and automated lines differ significantly in cost.

Equipment for processing one type of waste will still be more accessible. Its list is directly dependent on the choice of production specifics.

Equipment for recycling car tires

For example, when recycling tires you need the following equipment:

• For cutting them, there are separate machines for cutting sidewalls, cutting tires into separate strips, squeezing rings, etc.
• For grinding and subsequent separation - a chopping machine, rollers for processing the resulting chips into crumbs, a magnetic separator and

As a result, the resulting crumb rubber can be widely used as an additive to asphalt during road repairs. This semi-finished product can be quite successfully sold to road repairmen.

Equipment for processing household and wood waste

If you plan to recycle household waste, for example, plastic bottles, then in this case it is necessary to purchase equipment for:

• cleaning and washing;
• grinding;
• granulation and production of plastic flakes;
• pressing whole bottles into briquettes.

A basic set of equipment (machines and devices) can cost an entrepreneur up to 500 thousand rubles, an automatic line - at least 1 million rubles.

When processing this type of waste, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the bottles must be carefully sorted, taking into account the color and type of polymer.

Today, the most affordable equipment remains for processing wood waste (pellets), since thanks to its use, a business entity can immediately obtain a finished product, rather than semi-finished products or raw materials. This is the so-called “closed cycle”, and mini-machines perform absolutely all stages of production: from thorough grinding to granulation. And their cost is quite affordable - up to 300 thousand rubles. Finished products in the form of briquettes it is fuel for boiler houses and home boilers.

Preparation of necessary documents

If waste recycling is considered as a business, then this already applies to production activities, for which an appropriate license is required. It can be obtained from Rosprirodnadzor as individual entrepreneur, so legal entity subject to all necessary requirements. Among them, it is necessary to highlight the presence of:

• The territory and the corresponding premises necessary for organizing this production. An important point such as waste storage should also be taken into account. According to sanitary standards, the distance from the residential area must be maintained at least 600 m.
• The necessary equipment is exactly the declared specialization.
• Certified vehicles for waste transportation.
• Concluded employment contracts with employees (required vocational training personnel).

When applying for this license, you must present: project documentation, the appropriate permit from the sanitary and epidemiological station, conclusions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Rostechnadzor, Rospotrebnadzor and a lease agreement or documents for the land. Each individual permit is not issued free of charge and costs about 1.5-2 thousand rubles. Also at this stage, costs may arise for putting the territory and premises in order.

The duration of the procedure for obtaining a license ranges from a week to several months. It should be taken into account that separate licenses are required for each type of activity: collection, transportation, storage and processing of waste.

Recruitment

Thus, all the necessary permits have been obtained, the premises have been prepared, the equipment has been delivered and installed. Therefore, it’s time to start recruiting personnel. In other words, it is necessary to organize the production process itself.

Providing production with raw materials

Waste recycling as a business should include such an important point as obtaining recyclable materials. In this case, there are several options that differ from each other depending on the selected type of raw material.

If you plan to process construction waste, then it can be taken from the relevant industries or carpentry workshops. At any construction site there is a constant problem with garbage disposal. And if the entrepreneur offers pick-up, then such raw materials can be obtained for next to nothing (only the costs of organizing transportation will be incurred).

Obtaining car tires can also be arranged with a minimum of investment. For example, it’s easy to negotiate with tire shops and service stations. Waste paper can be obtained from stores that have a lot of packaging and containers, as well as institutions with active document flow.

However, if we're talking about about the processing of household waste, then in this case things are somewhat more complicated. Since the population is involved here, it is possible to organize appropriate waste collection points and conclude special agreements with management companies. This may require special containers in which waste will be collected separately.

Another option for receiving household waste is organizing sites for its reception and storage. Such points should be located in residential areas so that it would be profitable for the population to hand over garbage for a small fee, rather than throw it in a bin. Such a point must be equipped with scales.

Advantages and disadvantages of business

Waste recycling as a business has certain advantages and disadvantages.

So, the advantages include:

• High profitability, which is a huge advantage, as it contributes to good profits.
• Respect and “green road” from the outside government bodies, as the environment is cleaned up and landfills become smaller.

However, like any production, there are a number of disadvantages, among which it is necessary to highlight the main ones:

• Certain difficulties at the initial stage. As shown above, completing all the necessary documentation may take several months.
• Use of manual labor. In this case, a competent system of employee motivation must be thought out.
• Ensuring a stable supply of raw materials, as well as identifying markets for finished products.

Despite all the above disadvantages, which ultimately represent only difficulties, this deserves the attention of the business sector, since it can benefit not only the business entity, but also the environment and people. Therefore, when business entities express a desire to engage in waste recycling, they should be encouraged by government agencies.