Garbage business. How to open a waste processing plant from scratch, where to start and how much you can earn

There are all conditions for starting a waste recycling business in Russia. Among them:

a large number of landfills;
low competition;
high profitability.

Industrial enterprises always help and are ready to share their production waste.

Required Documentation

After you have chosen the direction of what waste you plan to process, you need to collect a package of necessary documentation. These are permits that allow you to engage in this business:

Representatives of the city or regional environmental management department are invited to obtain a license from the Ministry of Natural Resources. An examination is carried out and a decision is made. It is valid throughout the entire life of the enterprise.

Obtaining all of the above permits is due to the fact that waste recycling can harm the environment. All authorities must ensure the safety of the enterprise.

Processing business does not require a license or permit plastic bottles, paper and cardboard. In this case, it is enough to have a legal entity registration.

Where to get garbage?

First of all, you need to decide what kind of waste will be recycled. In the common garbage container that stands in each yard, most of it can be recycled. A trash can often contains the following percentage of waste:

50% polymer;
25% food;
10% paper;
15% others (textiles, metal, etc.).

For a long time in yards you can see separate containers for collecting solid waste, for example, separately for paper, plastic bottles, glass.

The source of garbage collection can be:

General trash cans.
Landfills.
Separate trash cans.
Waste at enterprises.
Organizations selling sorted waste.
Remaining raw materials in stores.

Woodworking, glass and other factories cannot afford to maintain warehouses for storing waste. Illegal disposal of industrial waste is punishable by the state with large fines, so giving the garbage for recycling will only benefit them. Municipal authorities are interested in recycling waste and eliminating landfills from the suburbs.

The main condition is environmental safety of processing.

Business organization

Before starting the production process you need to receive the package necessary documents and register a company. Next, you can select premises, equipment, and personnel.

The main contribution to the business is equipment. You can get raw materials for free. This area is attractive both for businessmen themselves and for investors. The invested money can be returned within six months, the profitability reaches 50%.

Production premises

The premises can be rented, especially if there is a need to move equipment and equipment closer to new landfills. It is usually divided into two parts:

The size of the first part should be on average 400 square meters. m., the second – 100 sq. m. You need to focus on the scale of production; perhaps, to begin with, you will need a smaller area. It is cheaper to rent premises on the outskirts of the city or outside the city.

The distance from residential buildings must be more than 500 meters so that emissions do not reach the residential sector.

In addition to the premises, there should also be cars that will bring garbage and transport recycled materials. Here, a rental option or a cooperation agreement with transport companies is also possible.

Required equipment

The most expensive and most important point is the purchase of equipment. The following equipment must be present in the workshop:

Sorting line.
Storage bunker.
Crusher.
Magnet.
Press.
Additional mechanisms.

The purchase of equipment will cost from 50 to 80 thousand USD. It is better to give preference to a domestic manufacturer, the quality is not worse, but it is easier to service.

Staff

The larger the size and wider the functions of the production, the more personnel are required.

One medium-sized enterprise requires about 40 workers, not counting accountants, economists, and technologists.

The company can operate in two shifts, workers will be engaged in:

sorting;
grinding;
rejection of unsuitable raw materials.

IN automatic mode It is impossible to do all this; each process must be controlled by a living person.

The staff consists of the following units:

manager;
foreman;
mechanics;
sorting line operator;
hydraulic manipulator operator;
press line operator;
driver;
loader

Sales of finished products

To determine where the finished product can be sold, you need to understand what the output will be after processing the primary raw materials.

Please note the following:

Sales of products can be carried out at:

industrial enterprises;
paper mills;
farms;
production and procurement enterprises for recycling resources.

How much does processed and compressed recyclables cost (per ton):

Aluminum cans – 15 thousand rubles.
Waste paper – 1.5 thousand rubles.
Polymers – 9 thousand rubles.

Financial component of business

Starting a waste recycling business will require large financial investments. Because of this, there is little competition in the market. Don’t be afraid to make investments, since the payback period for the project is 6-24 months.

It is important to establish a waste collection and distribution system finished products. If the channels are not established, then serious losses can be incurred. The profitability of the enterprise ranges from 40 to 80 percent.

Cost of opening and maintaining

You will have to spend money not only on the building and equipment. Collecting documents is also not a cheap procedure. Registration of a license and all permits can cost 6 thousand rubles.

The most expensive thing is the purchase of equipment, the cost of which will cost up to 3 million rubles. If the premises are not rented, but purchased, then you need to add another 1.5 million rubles. The initial contribution will be 4-5 million rubles.

The operation of the plant must be constantly maintained, which incurs the following expenses:

payment wages employees (for a worker from 15 thousand rubles per month);
rental of premises and land plot;
payment of utility bills;
for the maintenance or rental of cars;
taxes;
purchase of raw materials.

The above costs will range from 700 thousand rubles to 1 million, depending on the scale of production. The first income will begin to appear after about a month of work, so initially you need to have 5-6 million rubles to open a business and pay the costs for the first month.

Opening a workshop for processing one type of waste will cost less than a multifunctional enterprise. Building a full-fledged waste processing complex can cost up to 30 million rubles.

Amount of future income

The size of future income depends on the scale of production. The more waste is recycled, the more recyclable materials will be obtained and, accordingly, profits from sales.

The type of waste processed also plays a big role. Recycling of paper, plastic bottles, and glass is profitable.

Please note the following points:

The yield of the final product depends on the efficiency of the equipment. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain the maximum amount of secondary raw materials from waste. Old equipment will produce less output, and accordingly the profit will be less.
It is important not only to independently accept waste from customers, but also to set up waste collection points in the city where people and company representatives can go independently. This will save on the supply of raw materials and increase net profit.

If you do everything correctly, the profit per month will be 1-2 million rubles. Monthly expenses must be subtracted from this amount. In total, you can receive a net income of 500 thousand-1 million rubles per month.

Payback period

Calculating the payback period is not difficult. Having spent 5 million on opening a waste processing workshop and earning 1 million a month, the business can pay for itself in 5 months. It may take some time to understand the essence and establish all the processes. It’s not always possible to earn millions from the first month.

It all depends on the type of raw material being processed, which can be cheaper or more expensive. Therefore, the payback period ranges from 5 months to 2 years.

You can try to enter the waste recycling business with one type of waste, for example, plastic or paper. And since the profitability of the business is very high due to little competition, you can start working immediately after receiving a license.

Contemporary challenges related to recycling household waste in Russia, are based on disabilities to return resources to natural and economic circulation. Running a business based on waste recycling is characterized by the rationality of investments with a high degree of payback and profitability. In addition, this business option does not require special knowledge.

Business relevance

According to the Ministry natural resources, average Russian family About 1.6 tons of household waste are thrown out annually, including more than 145 kg of plastic and almost 100 kg of paper waste, as well as almost a thousand glass bottles. All this garbage is a potential source of raw materials for production activities in the waste processing industry. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is one of the most profitable and promising due to the following circumstances:

the emergence of high-quality and affordable domestic equipment that allows you to process household waste in small production areas;
annual expansion of the sales market.

In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources plans to prohibit incineration of waste that may be suitable for further processing. Like any business, waste recycling requires initial financial investments and registration of all necessary title and permitting documentation.

Preparation of a package of documents

First and most important document The way to engage in waste recycling as a business is to obtain a license from the Ministry of Environment. This document must be obtained once. The received license is valid for the entire duration of implementation entrepreneurial activity. Obtaining a license is quite simple. It is enough to register as or with simplified system taxation and organize an environmental assessment, which issues a conclusion.

Next, a package of documents is collected, including title and project documentation for the premises used, as well as a business plan for waste processing, describing the production technology and permission from the fire inspectorate, SES, water and utilities. The process of collecting and confirming the entire package of documents takes about three months.

It is worth noting that a fairly convenient option is to order turnkey licensing. Firms involved in the preparation of such documentation work with both legal entities and individuals with individual entrepreneur status. The cost of such a service depends on the type of solid waste processed and the volume of production.

Of greatest interest is a mini-plant for waste processing based on crushing and sorting equipment, a business plan for the use of which is developed according to a standard scheme. The highest profitability is shown by a plant with a Russort production line, with a productivity of 10 tons and a power of 100 kW per hour.

Production premises and personnel

The construction of the plant requires the use of a relatively flat plot of land, the dimensions of which range from 55 by 30 to 80 by 40 meters. The location of production lines may vary depending on the type of access roads. The building must include a sorting room with an area of about 10 by 7 meters. The plant area must be landscaped using road slabs and equipped with a protective net to prevent debris from flying away.

The standard staff of the main personnel, in addition to the manager, foreman and mechanic, includes a team of workers consisting of:

sorting line operators;
press line operators;
hydraulic manipulator operators;
drivers.

Five-day working week- 8 hour shift:

number of workers - 21 people, including foreman and mechanic;
processing volume per shift - 80 tons of solid waste;
the volume of processing per year is 19 thousand tons of solid waste.

Five-day work week - 2 shifts of 12 hours:

number of workers - 40 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
processing volume per shift - 115 tons of solid waste;
the volume of processing per year is 39 thousand tons of solid waste.

Seven-day work week - 24-hour operation:

number of workers - 80 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
processing volume per shift - 230 tons of solid waste;
the volume of processing per year is 80 thousand tons of solid waste.

The work is carried out in four shifts, each with 19 workers, a mechanic and a foreman.

Equipment selection

Modern standards and requirements require equipping the complex with the following equipment:

press for recyclable materials and “tailings”;
hydraulic manipulator;
container capacity of 15 cubic meters for broken glass;
feeding and sorting conveyors;
a basket for secondary raw materials with a volume of 8 cubic meters;
hydraulic stacker and trolley with scales;
sorting cabin for 168 square meters with twenty working sorting posts for sixteen types of waste;
KAMAZ-multilift.

In addition, the area of the frameless hangar should be about 430 square meters, including household compartments with changing rooms, showers and toilets, a manager’s room and a relaxation area for service personnel, as well as an individual boiler room.

Process technology

The technology used in solid waste processing plants may vary depending on the equipment and the final destination of the raw materials, but the main processes are standard and consist of the following steps:

unloading garbage trucks at the unloading site;
loading of waste mass onto the feed inclined conveyor belt using a hydraulic petal gripper of a hydraulic manipulator;
lifting waste by the feed conveyor onto the sorting conveyor belt;
manual sorting of waste with the selection of useful fractions that accumulate in special baskets;
unloading the remaining mass into the press compactor, which is located near the end of the plant;
compaction of waste into press containers;
pressing of recyclable materials into special bales, ready for shipment to consumers.

Income/expenses and profitability

Starting investments:

the cost of the mini-plant is 30 million rubles.

Economic indicators:

annual volume of solid waste - 33 thousand tons;
the annual volume of sorted recyclables is 5 thousand tons;
capital investments for the acquisition of the plant - 30 million rubles;
annual depreciation rate of fixed assets - 3 million rubles;
annual diesel costs - 356 thousand rubles;
annual transportation costs - 8.3 thousand rubles;
annual equipment maintenance costs - 81 thousand rubles;
annual costs for equipment repairs - 150 thousand rubles;
annual payment for electricity - 650 thousand rubles;
annual salary - 3.85 million rubles;
annual payroll taxes - 1.1 million rubles;
expenses for workwear - 48 thousand rubles.

Total expenses: 9.2 million rubles. per year.

maximum consumption of secondary raw materials per ton is 1.8 thousand rubles;
annual sales volumes of secondary raw materials, including VAT - 17 million rubles;
profit before taxes - 8 million rubles;
VAT -1.4 million rubles;

Income: 6 million rubles.

The estimated payback period is about three years.

Mini-plants for processing solid waste are classified as prefabricated, and the average construction time is about three months. A high-quality and reliable line for such an enterprise can be purchased for an amount of 30 million rubles, and inexpensive and modern construction solutions make it possible to minimize start-up costs.

The productivity of such production under standard conditions is about one hundred tons per shift, which is comparable in volume to twelve KAMAZ trucks of waste. With such indicators, the payback threshold does not exceed four years.

In this material:

Waste recycling as a business is an extremely promising activity for investment. This socially significant activity has a positive impact on the environment.

It was not profitable enough 2-3 years ago. Recycling of recyclable materials and disposal of waste to landfills provided great profits. Much has changed since then. Today, household waste is at least 60% recyclable.

Business idea concept

The average person throws out up to 250 kg of garbage per year. The problem of waste disposal and reuse has become urgent.

Many components of waste can be recycled, but up to 96% of waste is sent to landfill.

Advantages of waste recycling business:

Since the waste recycling sector is practically not funded, local authorities, as a rule, have a very favorable attitude towards the waste disposal business. The city administration provides financial support and helps find industrial premises.
Enterprises that recycle waste are always in demand. Recycling and recycling of waste allows you to save primary raw materials. New companies in this segment are created every year.
You can use a sorting complex. This is inexpensive equipment created by domestic manufacturers. Its use will reduce costs.
High economic efficiency. According to professionals, the profitability of a waste removal and disposal business can be up to 80%.
Garbage is a valuable raw material. The waste recycling business is profitable because there is very little competition in this segment.

Starting a business from scratch

Everything useful should be extracted from garbage whenever possible. For this it is important to create appropriate conditions.

Legal registration:

It takes several months to prepare documents for carrying out commercial activities. Obtaining a license from the Department of Rosprirodnadzor is a mandatory condition.
To issue a permit, an environmental audit is carried out by the local Department of Environmental Management. Project with detailed description technological process must be submitted to the water and utilities, Rospotrebnadzor, fire inspection.
A sanitary zone of 500 m must be created around the waste treatment plant, as established by the requirements of the regulatory authorities. Based on the results of this work, a conclusion is drawn. At least 2 thousand dollars must be invested in order production premises complied with industrial sanitation and fire safety requirements.

Financial component of entrepreneurial activity

It is important to find ways to attract investment to start a waste recycling business.

Starting capital required:

Initially, only the initial stages of processing recyclable materials can be launched. The company can collect and sort waste and create semi-finished products. The organization of a universal waste disposal enterprise requires significant material costs, so the entrepreneur should decide in advance what types of secondary raw materials he will work with.
Residents are not inclined to sort the garbage they throw away for free. It is necessary to set a certain price for waste paper or bottles.
How to choose a location for a waste recycling business? A production area, landfills, and sources of waste are an ideal solution to create a company that processes recyclable materials.
Deep recycling of waste can bring maximum profit. According to experts, over $20 million is needed to build a large universal complex that will process any type of solid waste: glass, paper, plastic, rubber, wood.
If the entrepreneur does not have this opportunity, you can start recycling one type of waste. From 50 to 300 thousand dollars will be required to create a specialized production facility for the recycling of one type of secondary raw material. Such a modest enterprise can generate significant income. The waste recycling business has a large share of utility costs. They make up about 20%.

Garbage recycling

Construction waste contains concrete, wood, brick and metal parts. Removing metal particles is the purpose of recycling. Vacuum forming of polymer thermoplastic waste is a relatively inexpensive method. Crumb rubber is obtained from car tires, toilet paper is made from waste paper, pressed blocks are made from polymers, and chipboard is made from sawdust. Only 25% of valuable recyclables can be obtained from unseparated waste, so it is necessary to use modern waste sorting lines. Installations for sorting recyclable materials can be automated or manual. Plastic and paper are the best to use.

food waste - 25%;
cardboard and paper - 10%;
polymers - about 50%;
textiles, rubber, metal, etc. -15%.

Plastic packaging is the most difficult waste to recycle. Obtaining recycled crushed stone by recycling recyclable materials is very profitable.

Production goes through the following stages:

large parts are processed using a press;
then using a crusher they are crushed;
metal is selected with a powerful magnet;
Particles are sorted using a special storage device.

Organization of production and supply of raw materials

For production, a premises of about 600 m² is required. The warehouse must be at least 100 m². It will be possible to significantly save on the removal of raw materials if the recycling facility is located near residential buildings.

The area where a lot of old buildings are being demolished is suitable for disposal of construction waste. To transport raw materials, you need to purchase a truck with compartments. Disposing of recyclable materials is a labor-intensive process.

About $300 per month must be paid to qualified workers. Up to 40 workers can be involved in such production.

The expensive process of creating a company for processing recyclable materials provides real income in the future if you approach this problem correctly.

The income of a waste processing enterprise depends on the scale of activity. You can recoup the initial investment in 1 year. Then the scope of your activity can be expanded.

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IN European countries up to 80% of household waste is returned back to production. In Russia, the system for collecting recyclable materials is being revived. This is economically beneficial for processors, and gives many entrepreneurs a good chance to open their own business with minimal investment in 2017.

About 4 million hectares of land are occupied in Russia garbage dumps, and it is no coincidence that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. The federal budget includes funds for preferential lending for waste disposal activities. For those who are starting a business from scratch, ideas for collecting recyclable materials will be interesting, since this business does not require large investments, and the need of enterprises is constantly growing. Since there are a lot of varieties of “useful waste,” we will review the recyclable materials in demand in Russia.

What types of waste are in demand?

Expecting to open a business in 2017, you need to know what waste is of interest to existing producers in the city or region. Demand and prices for them are determined by actual and potential buyers. The most profitable is considered to be the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and waste paper (Table 1).

Table 1. Percentage of waste used as secondary raw materials. Based on materials from the study of the SSGA, Novosibirsk.

Type of recyclable materials	Inferred resources, million tons	Degree of use, %	Type of production	Share in the finished product, %
Scrap ferrous metals			steel foundry
Car tires (crumb rubber, reclaimed)			rubber

Blast furnace slag, thermal power plant, ash, mining and processing waste			building materials(crushed stone, gravel, sand)
Plastic waste			products made from thermoplastic polymers
glass breaker
Waste paper			cardboard and paper

Recycled raw materials in Russia are used in almost all industries, and the demand for them is growing. Prices vary by region and are determined by the needs of local producers.

1. Car tires.

This is one of the most promising areas for starting a business from scratch; ideas in this direction deserve special attention. The volume of discarded tires in Russia in 2015 amounted to about 940 thousand tons. More than 80% goes to landfill (of which 20% is burned), and only 17% is mechanically recycled. The content of usable components is shown in table. 2, potential market capacity - in Fig. 1.

Most often, used tires are recycled into crumb rubber. The material is 2-3 times cheaper than synthetic rubber. The market is in the early stages of development, but prices have already formed, demand and stable supply have appeared. Certain requirements are imposed on the feedstock: the waste must comply with GOST 8407-89, it must be clean, have a residual layer of rubber, and intact sides. Typically, tires on rims, with studs, and mixed rubber-metal products are not accepted.

2. Waste paper

During 2013-2015, prices for waste paper increased by almost 60%; its export is currently prohibited, and sales are exempt from VAT. This is a traditional raw material in demand on the market; GOST 10700-97 has been developed for it. According to this document, the paper used is divided into 15 classes based on composition and 3 quality groups. The most expensive variety: white drawing, writing, copying (MS-1A), the cheapest - wallpaper, packaging, poster (MS-13B).

Raw materials are universally accepted for processing by factories producing:

paper, containers, corrugated cardboard packaging (relevant ones included);
linoleum, roofing insulating materials, vinyl leather;
toilet paper, napkins, disposable medical linen.

The quality requirements depend on the direction of recycling. The paper must be cleaned, sorted, packaged (pressed) into briquettes weighing 50 kg or more. This processing saves warehouse space and reduces transportation costs.

3. Scrap metal (ferrous and non-ferrous).

The most profitable business, however, its organization is the most expensive of all types of recycling collection. This is due to the need to obtain a license; the rules and conditions for obtaining it, as well as handling scrap metal, are regulated by two main regulations:

on licensing of procurement, storage, processing - No. 1287, 12/12/2012;
on the handling of scrap and waste of non-ferrous metals - No. 370, 05/11/2001.

Procurement includes the purchase of scrap from individuals and organizations, transportation and sales. Mandatory requirements: drawing up acceptance certificates, monitoring for radioactivity and explosion safety. This entails the purchase of special equipment, training and confirmation of the qualifications of workers.

License terms, OKVED codes for ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal - different. This is a competitive type of activity, however, in regions with developed metallurgical and metalworking industries it brings good income. The opportunity to open your own business in this area is simplified if you use a franchise offer, they are presented on the market.

4. Used batteries.

About 65% of the metal that is used in the production of new batteries is recovered from old batteries. The main part is lead (up to 17 kg), and in addition: nickel, zinc, cobalt, silver oxides. This is economically beneficial for enterprises, therefore the average acceptance prices for this type of recyclable materials are high. For example, in Novosibirsk there are more than 50 companies that buy batteries, and the cost ranges from 570 (45Ah) to 3,400 (220Ah) rubles.

Common places for battery collection: garage cooperatives, active roadways, transport companies, car repair services. Reception centers are usually located there and advertisements are posted there. If you consider that most car owners are simply too lazy to specifically look for a place to return a used battery, then they give them away for 150-200 rubles.

However, the collection and storage of batteries is subject to licensing. This is waste of hazard class 3-4, and work with it is regulated by two federal laws: No. 89-FZ (06.24.1998) and No. 99-FZ (05.04.2011). The license is issued to both the individual entrepreneur and the organization. It indicates a specific type of activity, so you can limit yourself only to the collection of batteries, including their neutralization (draining the electrolyte).

5. Polymer waste (PET bottles).

This type of recyclable material is represented by waste plastic production, and household waste of the population. While 80% of the former go into recycling, used bags, packaging, and disposable tableware litter recreation areas and large and medium-sized cities everywhere. In the total volume of garbage, the share of plastic is more than 60-70%. The PET bottle holds the palm among polymers.

The main consumers are companies producing building materials, polyethylene film, and plastic household products. Demand for it clearly exceeds supply (Fig. 2). Acceptance prices depend on the quality, purity and degree of processing of the material. Thus, landfill waste costs 2-3 times lower than sorted household waste. The most primitive processing that PET undergoes:

removing lids and labels;
sorting by color;
pressing into bags.

Inexpensive mini-plants for plastic processing significantly increase business profitability. For example, landfill PET waste is accepted at a price of up to 6 rubles/kg, LDPE waste- from 10 rubles / kg, washed and sorted used film - 11-13 rubles / kg, and granules and agglomerate - already cost 25-35 rubles / kg. Despite the fact that the cost of a new film Russian production varies from 39 to 49 rubles/kg.

In fact, the plastic recycling market in Russia is just emerging. Experts estimate its potential at $150 million. From all types of polymer waste collection: collection points, separation from garbage, separate collection household waste - the latter is the most effective from an economic point of view.

6. Cullet and glass containers.

Along with waste paper, there are old and sought-after recyclables. Cullet took the place of solid glassware for a simple reason. Manufacturers have begun to produce bottles and cans that are so original that this makes them very difficult to reuse.

It is required always and everywhere. Two years ago, the Novosibirsk Ekran plant began opening collection points for recyclable materials from the population, since its shortage was holding back production. He needs up to 5 tons of cullet per month, but with the help of suppliers (including other regions) he manages to collect only 1.5-2 tons.

A collection point for glass containers justifies itself if, for example, a brewery is located nearby. Thus, Baltika uses up to 36% of recycled bottles. But cullet is even more profitable because it expands the list of potential suppliers. These could be companies that install window packages, or you can install containers for separate collection in yards. Glass makes up about 17% of household waste.

7. Computer scrap.

Old electrical equipment, computers, and telephones are in great demand, as evidenced by a simple request in Yandex (Fig. 3). At the same time, prices for scrap are very good (Fig. 4). This activity is usually carried out through intermediary firms that have appropriate licenses and are associated with raw material processors. They do the disassembly and sorting themselves, forming batches for delivery of quite large volumes (from 300 kg).

This is a good option for starting a business from scratch if you organize a reception point in a multi-storey residential area. In almost every apartment there is a lot of rubbish that has been lying around in the corners for years and is simply thrown into the trash. Simply because there is no place nearby where it can be rented out, even for little money.

The collection of equipment containing precious metals does not require licensing, but the company must be registered with the Assay Office. Therefore, in order to avoid obtaining permits at the first stage, you can operate under an agreement with one of these companies, maintaining a representative office in your city or region.

In conclusion.

There are three main sources of recyclables:

reception directly from the population,
removal of defects and waste from organizations and enterprises;
collection, transportation from landfills of solid waste.

The latter is the most stable, although its implementation will require concluding an agreement with the municipal housing and communal services service. It is necessary to provide for the costs of specialized equipment, which are usually small. In general, this activity does not require licensing, with the exception of work with scrap metal and hazardous waste (batteries, mercury). It falls under the patent tax system - the most beneficial for small businesses.

Recycling household waste is a profitable and promising business. Previously, it was not as profitable as, for example, other recyclable materials, but since then there have been major changes.

Our country has accumulated a huge amount household waste which requires urgent disposal. Every year it increases by tens of millions of tons. Almost 96% of all household waste is disposed of in landfills. Of this total amount, 60% of waste is valuable recyclables that can be recycled.

Ideas and problems

In the average trash can you will find:

Polyvinyl chloride;
Polypropylene;
Polyethylene;
Paper and cardboard;
Metal;
Textile;
Rubber.

Almost 60% of this garbage can be safely sent to production, but only theoretically. In practice, separate waste collection, as is customary in developed countries, is a fairly distant prospect for our country. From ordinary garbage, using modern technologies 25% of recycled materials can be recovered, suitable for further use. Many cities have installed special containers designed for sorting garbage, but, unfortunately, they are of no use. Therefore, entrepreneurs who consider such a direction of activity as waste recycling promising, independently extract raw materials, sorting them using special installations.

Features of waste processing production

A large full-cycle waste recycling plant will require $20 million. Not every businessman can collect such a huge amount. Therefore, if you want to work in this direction, you can start recycling a specific type of waste. Or even move into another field where you don’t need to initially invest so much money. As an option, we recommend that you do or.

Scheme: Waste recycling

Permits and other documents

If you are interested in recycling waste as a business, first of all, you need to obtain all permits. The Ministry of Environment issues a license allowing such activities. Your company must first undergo an examination, after which a conclusion is issued. It is issued once for an indefinite period. For this document you will have to pay 5.5 thousand rubles.

In addition, you will need:

Permission from firefighters;
Permission from the SES;
A project in which all technological processes are described in detail.

Before opening a mini waste recycling plant, you must first develop a detailed business plan that will clearly describe what waste you are going to process, as well as where the recyclables will come from. Also, do not forget to think about where you will sell the finished products.

Production premises

Choosing a room is the second important stage. A processing workshop will require an area of 300–500 square meters. meters. About 100 sq. meters need to be allocated for warehouses. An office can be made on the territory of the enterprise or a separate room can be rented for it, for example, in a business center.

It is better to locate such a business in an industrial zone, not far from a landfill. By purchasing mobile processing equipment, production can be periodically moved from one location to another.

Production equipment

The necessary equipment for waste processing consists of:

Raw material sorting lines;
Crushing equipment;
The bunker into which the raw materials fall;
Special press.

Many entrepreneurs prefer to purchase imported equipment because they do not know that domestic units are more reliable and productive. Therefore, most often, a waste recycling business plan for individual entrepreneurs involves large initial investments. As a result, many abandon this type of activity. Moreover for domestic cars It's easier to buy spare parts.

Don't forget to also purchase a truck. It will import raw materials and export finished products.

The purchase of equipment will cost approximately 70 thousand dollars. If you have the means, you can also buy a melting furnace. Before purchasing equipment, draw up a business plan for waste recycling, and only then make a decision.

Staff

This business is based half on manual labor. Workers perform sorting, selection, calibration and other production processes manually. To operate a medium-sized enterprise, it is necessary to hire 20-40 workers. 10–15 people work in one shift. In order to start a waste recycling business from scratch, you need to find competent accountants, sales managers and drivers.

Profit and investments

In order to open a business plan for a waste processing plant, costs up to $20 million are required. But only if you are going to open a large full-cycle enterprise. For a mini-plant that processes a certain type of waste, a starting capital of 70–80 thousand dollars is sufficient.

This money will be spent on:

Obtaining permits;
Renting premises;
Purchase of equipment;
Purchase of raw materials;
Employee salaries.

You will spend even less money on organizing waste removal, since a garbage truck costs approximately 1 million rubles. Much more difficulties arise with finding clients. A good option is recycling construction waste as a business. But for this you will have to spend a lot of time searching for clients.

The income of an enterprise depends on the following factors:

Type of waste;
Processing methods;
Production volumes.

To increase profits, you can organize recycling collection points. The profitability of such an enterprise is at least 50%. Accordingly, the business idea of recycling waste will bring you good income.

Raw materials

To provide your waste processing plant with raw materials, you should agree on its supply with local landfills. If you have a permit to process solid waste, this will not be difficult to do. In addition, you can also make arrangements with collection points plastic waste or waste paper. Thanks to this, you will receive sorted raw materials at a very affordable price.

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Let's sum it up

In order to open a small waste recycling enterprise, you will have to spend money on the purchase of equipment, as well as repair and finishing work on the premises.

Monthly expenses:

Renting premises;
Salaries of employees;
Purchase of raw materials;
Public utilities.

If you calculate monthly expenses, you get 600 thousand rubles. The enterprise's income is 800 thousand rubles per month. That is, your earnings from recycling waste will be approximately 200 thousand rubles. Based on this, your initial investment will be able to pay off in 1.5 years. In practice, the income is usually much higher.