Mukhamadiev Davron Mansurovich. From Tajikistan to Sudan: how doctor Davron Mukhamadiev helps migrants Student years and meeting with Gorbachev

Work plans for the next year and coordination of activities emergency situations were discussed at the annual meeting of representatives of the regional branches of the Russian Red Cross (RRC) in Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), held on December 11-12 in Nazran at the office of the Ingush branch of the RRC.

“Once a year here in the North Caucasus we hold joint meetings with the North Caucasus branches of the Russian Red Cross and the International branches of the Red Cross. At these meetings we discuss issues of interaction, since we all make up one movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent,” said head of delegation International Federation Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Russia Davron Mukhamadiev.

He assessed the meeting as “very important.” "On the territory of the South of Russia, North Caucasus There are many disasters happening, in particular, we discussed the flood in Chechnya, the recent flood in Derbent. The role of the Red Cross in helping victims depends on how we interact with each other, with local authorities and emergency structures. It is very important for us that branches of the Russian Red Cross are ready to respond quickly, so that at the first moment after a disaster, volunteers and employees are at the scene of the disaster, so that we provide assistance when necessary,” Mukhamadiev said.

As a rule, the government at the regional level provides assistance to the population directly, in some cases it does this through the Red Cross, he recalled.

“For example, if we take the last major flood in Krasnodar (flood in Krymsk - Caucasian Knot note), it was decided that all charitable assistance, all funds would go through the bank account of the Russian Red Cross. For Krasnodar, the Russian Red Cross collected more than 900 million rubles. When the state assigns a certain responsibility to the Red Cross, our task is to help them make sure that everything goes according to the standards,” Mukhamadiev said.

“We have planned for the next year to conduct joint training for employees on how to correctly compile lists of recipients, what kind of assistance to provide, how to ensure that this assistance is timely and necessary, how to provide support to people so that they are ready to continue building their lives after a disaster It is no secret that people affected by the disaster have a lot of physical problems - destroyed housing, and the lack of some material goods, and what is very important - the branch of the Russian Red Cross in the North Caucasus has psychological problems. great experience regarding the provision of psychological assistance, I think we should also put this issue in the spotlight,” said the head of the delegation.

In general, the Red Cross works throughout Russia, it implements projects in the field of healthcare, in the field of preventing the spread of tuberculosis and HIV infection, Mukhamadiev recalled.

“Here, in the South of Russia, we are moving from post-conflict projects to more peaceful ones, because the task of the Federation is to implement development projects so that the Russian Red Cross finds new ways to attract funds... A very important place is given to training the population in first aid, so that every volunteer can possess these skills. Now we are discussing the issue of road safety; perhaps it will be available in the North Caucasus. great importance. We are currently carrying out the corresponding work at federal level“If regional branches of the Red Cross and local bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are interested, then we will be happy to support this project,” Mukhamadiev said.

At the end last year the president International Committee The Red Cross Jakob Kellenberger announced in Geneva that it is raising funds to help victims of conflicts in the Caucasus.

The ICRC is also working to help find missing people in the North Caucasus. It should be noted that in August 2011, the North Caucasus Representative Office of the ICRC stated that the committee had received 2,324 requests to search for persons considered missing in the North Caucasus. More than 2,000 people are listed as missing in the Chechen Republic by the Red Cross.

"We will try in 2013 to respond as effectively as possible to all those natural disasters, emergency situations that arise in the regions, such as the flood in Derbent,” said Baptiste Roll, regional delegate for cooperation of the ICRC Delegation in the Russian Federation.

“We will work together to provide assistance to people who are victims of the past conflict - these are people who suffered from mines in Chechnya, people who are members of the families of those “missing” as a result of the conflict,” he said.

We will also continue to help the Russian Red Cross in providing assistance to those people who are, as it were, the core of the activities of the Russian Red Cross. In all the republics of the North Caucasus, we support Russian Red Cross programs to help lonely elderly people and children,” said Roll, citing as an example the assistance provided in equipping and equipping children’s playrooms in Chechnya and Ingushetia, a center for psychosocial support for children in North Ossetia .

The "Caucasian Knot" reported on projects being implemented in the North Caucasus with the support of the ICRC.

Let us remind you that in November in Chechnya, through the International Committee of the Red Cross, a water supply system was put into operation in the village of Dachu-Borzoi, Grozny district.

The ICRC has provided assistance to two hospitals in Makhachkala, which are treating those injured in the double terrorist attack in the capital of Dagestan on 3 May, in which more than 100 people were injured.

The problems of migrants and refugees have always been the focus of attention of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). Access to medical services is one of the main components of successful social adaptation visitors, says the head of the regional office of the IFRC in Russia Davron Mukhamadiev. Therefore, in Russia an important area of ​​activity of this organization is last years programs on access of migrants to medical care, prevention of HIV and other infectious diseases and improvement of the system health insurance migrants.

On September 1, Davron Mukhamadiev’s mission in Russia came to an end. He transferred his powers to the new head, Kari Isomaa, and he himself went to Budapest to help migrants now in Europe. “A humanist by vocation”, “a person who dedicated himself to alleviating the suffering of people”, “who comes to the rescue when others cannot help” - this is what his friends and colleagues say about Davron. This is how the former head of the IFRC office in Moscow is remembered by many migrants working in Russia, in solving whose problems he was directly involved.

In a conversation with Fergana before leaving Moscow, Davron talked about why in Russia foreign workers try not to go to medical institutions; citizens of which countries are screened for HIV and tuberculosis and which are not; what should a migrant worker do if he is denied treatment, and much more:

Summarizing the 8-year period of your stay in Russia, can you say what changes have occurred during this time in the field of providing medical care to migrants?

The issues of the health of migrants and their access to official healthcare services are the most important for us, the Red Cross. There are changes in these issues and, unfortunately, not only positive ones. Among the positive changes, first of all, the literacy or awareness of migrants about their rights and responsibilities in the field of health has significantly increased. For example, based on the results of our research on the attitude of migrants to their health, we were pleasantly surprised that more than 80 percent of migrants know what tuberculosis and HIV are, they know the routes of transmission, the symptoms of tuberculosis, but their wariness towards these diseases still suffers. That is, the use of condoms and regular fluorographic examination are still present in a maximum of 45-50 percent of responses, which means that a significant number of migrants are still at risk.

At the same time, the politicization of the interpretation of migrants’ health issues in the press has increased, which of course does not serve positive changes in this domain. After all, the more discriminatory polemics there are in society and the media, the more migrants will be wary of issues of early examination, diagnosis and treatment.

In organizational terms, I would note with regret the decision to liquidate the FMS. Yes, at the beginning of the activity of this service there was a lot of criticism addressed to it. However, before our eyes, the FMS gradually became a more open structure, actively building a dialogue with civil society and international organizations. An integration assistance department was created and actively functioned, with whose leadership we established close working, partnership and friendly contacts. It was possible to implement a number of interesting innovative projects, for example, public reception rooms of the Red Cross were created at the departments of the Federal Migration Service in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Every year, more than 10 thousand migrants had the opportunity to receive professional advice, primarily on health issues.

Was very interesting experience cooperation in Orenburg and Tambov, where, with our support, the Russian Red Cross held sessions on the prevention of tuberculosis and HIV at Migrant Adaptation Centers, which turned out to be in great demand. On one of my visits to this center, I discovered that the audience of our listeners had expanded noticeably, since migrants from the center (mostly men) invited their female acquaintances - fellow countrymen who worked in the city - to these sessions.

It was with the assistance of the Federal Migration Service that we gained access to one of largest centers temporary detention of foreign citizens in Sakharovo, with which we continue to cooperate to this day. That is, in the activities of the FMS, a balance of their controlling and integrating functions was achieved. With the transfer of cases to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the monitoring functions have noticeably strengthened, but the integrating component has disappeared. Yes, the Agency for National Affairs has been created, which is charged with introducing issues of integration and adaptation, but they have no real mechanisms of influence. And the negative effect is immediately visible. There were more raids by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and raids, but the integration component never appeared.

In order to rectify the situation, we conducted several seminars and master classes for the media on the topic “How to properly talk about the health of migrants” in various regions of Russia, because it is the media that shape public opinion. After the seminar, journalists from even the most odious publications thanked us with the words: “We never thought before that these phrases and statements of ours would have such a negative impact on the situation in society.”

New head of the IFRC representative office in Russia Kari Isomaa, Chairman of the Russian Red Cross Raisa Lukutsova and Davron Mukhamadiev

At one of the events on migrants’ access to tuberculosis treatment, you said that Russia is the only country in the CIS that has a mechanism for deportation on medical grounds, which does not solve the problem of preventing the spread of HIV, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Is this the position of the Red Cross? Have you been able to convey your arguments to your colleagues in government decision-making bodies?

Yes, unfortunately, the standard of deportation in connection with HIV and tuberculosis remains only in Russia, despite the fact that there is scientifically based data that deportation does not affect the epidemiological situation. For example, during a medical examination, HIV or tuberculosis is detected in a foreign citizen. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed, the medical institution is obliged to notify Rospotrebnadzor, and it, in turn, makes a decision on the so-called “undesirable stay on the territory of Russia.” The preparation time for such a decision is from 2 to 6 months, since it is prepared only in the central office of Rospotrebnadzor, regardless of where the disease was detected - on Sakhalin or Kaliningrad. Then this decision sent for execution to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (previously to the Federal Migration Service) at the place of registration of the migrant. During these six months, a migrant can even move to another region - to where he finds work.

To our question, what are the police doing with the decision of Rospotrebnadzor, how are they looking for this migrant, they answer that they do not have such an army of inspectors, and they simply block the specified person’s entry into Russia in the database. It turns out that a migrant’s entry is denied only after his departure, and all this time, due to fear of deportation, he does not receive proper treatment and continues to pose a threat, first of all, to his own health and the health of his close circle.

According to the Moscow Migration Center, in 2016, more than 420 thousand people applied for a patent, almost 4 thousand of them were diagnosed with tuberculosis. All of them were sent for a more in-depth examination, but at this stage about 3 thousand people “disappeared”, and only about 1 thousand reached tuberculosis dispensaries. Tuberculosis was confirmed in 100 of them, and only 20 came for treatment. Here is a consequence of deportation - when migrants, in order to avoid expulsion from the country, go into the shadows of official health care.

Therefore, the position of the Red Cross is to proceed from medical, epidemiological, and not political criteria. This is how we argue our position in the health authorities, and over these few years it has often met with understanding in official bodies, although, of course, not all officials share it. Recently, another argument has emerged in support of our position.

As you know, for citizens of the EAEU countries, including Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, the requirement to undergo a full medical examination has been removed since they do not need to obtain a patent. We immediately asked the question: “What about tuberculosis and HIV from these countries? Than a tuberculosis patient from Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Moldova is different from a Kyrgyz or Armenian patient? Officials do not answer this question. It turns out that only migrants from countries outside the EAEU face deportation due to illness. Where is the logic?

- That is, you should not deport, but force him to undergo treatment?

Motivate rather than force. We believe that it is more profitable to treat a patient, regardless of his nationality and citizenship, where tuberculosis was detected, than to lose him and thereby complicate an already difficult epidemiological situation.

But you can sometimes hear from representatives of government agencies in Russia that the treatment of migrants places a burden on the federal and local budgets.

Upon superficial examination, everything looks exactly like this. But upon deeper study of the issue, it is obvious that the economic effect from timely treatment of patients will be much higher than from the post-facto deportation of migrants. Treatment of one patient with an uncomplicated form of tuberculosis costs up to 100 thousand rubles, and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis costs up to 2 million. One patient can infect up to 20 people in a year. Our research has shown that every 100 rubles invested in the treatment of a patient with tuberculosis this year saves 700 rubles for the next budget - that’s the economic breakdown for you.

I remember how the former head of the Federal Migration Service, Konstantin Romodanovsky, stated at a session of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly that patents from migrants in a year replenished the country’s budget by 70 billion rubles or 1 billion euros, and Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin proudly noted that income from patents exceeded income from oil companies to the Moscow budget. And if migrants bring such income to the Russian economy, why can’t they have the right to protect their health?

- Some officials propose deporting migrants immediately after they are diagnosed with tuberculosis or HIV.

If a migrant knows that if the same tuberculosis is detected he will be immediately deported, then he will not go to get a patent at all, but will immediately go into the shadows. Who will benefit from this - the economy, healthcare?

The situation with HIV is even more complicated. By total number of persons with HIV, the number of new cases and the growth rate of infection, Russia ranks first in the CIS and Europe. In Russia, almost 1 million people are living with HIV, which is 50 percent of all HIV-infected people in all European countries. Moreover, according to official data, from 1985 to 2015, that is, for 30 years, in Russian Federation Only about 24 thousand HIV-infected foreign citizens were identified. In other CIS countries, except Ukraine, the situation with HIV is more favorable, that is, migrants, for example, from Central Asia , arrive in Russia healthy, then pick up an infection and take it home. And they are also deported.

There is a good precedent that gives hope that deportation for people with HIV will be lifted, and once again proves that deportation is not based on medical, but rather political aspects. Two years ago constitutional Court Russia has decided not to apply the deportation (expulsion) procedure to persons living with HIV and having close relatives in Russia. Accordingly, a certain part of HIV-infected people are already protected by this legal norm.

I would like to note that for several years now we have been proposing to the CIS states to introduce a single medical document for migrants - something like a medical passport, which would contain all the information about his examinations and diagnoses. At meetings of CIS health ministers, the Russian delegation gives a lot of arguments against it, since it understands that migrants for the most part arrive healthy and more often get sick here in Russia due to stress, difficult living and material conditions, and the lack of a permanent sexual partner. Apparently, someone is interested in Russians thinking differently - that all dangerous diseases come from migrants.

Migrants often complain about refusals to provide emergency medical care by individual doctors or medical institutions in Russia. What, in this case, would you advise the patient or his relatives to do?

Unfortunately, violations by medical institutions in terms of providing medical care to foreign citizens are not less, but even more. Hospital managers, under any pretext, refuse to provide medical services to migrants, including emergency ambulances, in flagrant violation of the country's legislation. We recently received information that a patient with severe renal failure was denied emergency assistance: the ambulance came three times and refused to pick up the patient, citing the fact that he did not have a migration card. Is it the function of doctors to check for migration? In another case, a patient who was on a ventilator was billed for a million rubles.

When we receive such requests, we have to intervene and, in a fairly persistent manner, explain the norms of the law to the chief physicians, and often quite reputable medical institutions (I will not go into detail, based on the principles of medical ethics). And after our interventions, as a rule, assistance begins to be provided in full.

I recommend that all visitors have at hand the “Rules for the provision of medical care to foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation”, approved by Decree of the Russian Government of March 6, 2013 No. 186, where paragraph 3 clearly states: “Emergency medical care for sudden acute diseases, conditions, exacerbations chronic diseases that pose a threat to the patient’s life are provided to foreign citizens by medical organizations free of charge.”.

At the same time, in paragraph 5 of these “Rules”, it is emphasized that “emergency, including emergency specialized medical care is provided to foreign citizens in case of illnesses, accidents, injuries, poisoning and other conditions requiring urgent medical intervention. Medical organizations State and municipal healthcare systems provide this medical care to foreign citizens free of charge.”.

And if they still refuse to help, each such case must be immediately made public.

I witnessed you giving your mobile phone number to migrants and asking them to call in case of any problem. How did you, the regional head of such a large international organization, have enough time to participate in the destinies of individual people?

It is not something unusual or supernatural for me when I personally, and the entire organization, take part in the fate of everyone in need. After all, this is the essence of the Red Cross. We try to help not some abstract masses of people, but a specific person who finds himself in a difficult, sometimes hopeless, situation. This is our duty, our responsibility, and I have never thought about whether we need to help this or that person, or whether to leave our phone number.

- Tell us the most poignant incident related to migrants that you remember.

There are many cases that can be cited, but I especially remember one dramatic situation. Colleagues from the Uzbek diaspora called and reported that a citizen of Uzbekistan, 19-20 years old, gave birth in a maternity hospital in the city of Lyubertsy. The child was born heavy and was in an incubator on an artificial respiration apparatus. And the doctors told the woman that until you pay, we won’t give up the child and we won’t issue a birth certificate. The young mother was sobbing into the phone, very worried about the baby - that without money they would not look after him, she sent us a photo - the baby was pale, with a breathing tube in his nose.

We requested a detailed statement and an invoice for 30 thousand rubles issued by the maternity hospital. They sent a request there, I personally called the head doctor - she tried to explain something, and after our arguments she said that they did not demand any money from the woman in labor, they say, the mother herself wanted to be treated for a fee. We were assured that all measures to care for the baby would be carried out in full. Imagine my surprise when literally a week later the joyful mother called and sent a photo of the child in her arms upon discharge - with rosy cheeks, strong. When you see the results of your work and happy faces family is the highest reward for me as a doctor and employee of the Red Cross.

Davron Mukhamadiev has been working in the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement for 25 years. Graduate of the Tajik State medical institute named after Abuali ibn Sino. From 1992 to 2005 he worked at the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan, where he coordinated large-scale relief operations humanitarian aid internally displaced persons and refugees as a result civil war in Tajikistan and the armed conflict in Afghanistan. Then he led CC programs in Sudan, Central Asian countries, and Hungary. In September 2009, he was appointed program manager and then head of the regional office of the IFRC in Moscow. Doctor of Medical Sciences, member of the New York Academy of Sciences, laureate of the State Prize of Tajikistan in the field of science named after Ismoili Somoni

A couple of years ago you talked about plans to open a clinic in the Moscow region where migrants would be treated. Have these plans remained unrealized? In general, do you think it is necessary to create some kind of specialized medical institutions for migrants - won’t such an approach contribute to the segregation of society into friends and foes?

Of course, under no circumstances should schools, hospitals and other institutions be allowed to be separate for migrants. The idea of ​​the medical institution in question was different: to create a clinic that would serve everyone, regardless of skin color, status and passport. The Iranian Red Crescent Society, for example, has 22 such clinics around the world, and let's hope that negotiations between the Russian Red Cross and the authorities on this issue will be successful.

Based on your experience of communicating with migrants, how would you rank the countries of Central Asia - Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan - in terms of the level of pre-migration preparation of citizens? From which countries do people come more savvy, in particular in medical matters?

As for the level of pre-migration training of migrants, I think that taking into account knowledge of the Russian language and other preferences, Kyrgyz migrants are more adapted. Then come Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Health awareness, as I have already noted, has increased somewhat, although it still leaves much to be done. But there are not enough migrant training centers in donor countries.

The Red Cross is always actively involved in migrant awareness efforts. I would like to give an example of our joint initiative with the Russian AIDS Infosvyaz Foundation. As part of the project to assist the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus in Tajikistan, with the participation of Russian funding, 2 pre-migration training centers have been created and are operating on the basis of branches of the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan - in the cities of Dushanbe and Kurgan-Tube. There should be at least 20 or 30 such centers in each country of origin of migrants.

Today, migrants in Russia are more often spoken of as a source of problems, a threat to security, and so on. It is less common to hear about migration as a positive phenomenon. How true is this approach?

As I already noted, even officials do not hide the economic benefits of migration. Another question is that the topic of migration is too politicized: for the sake of the political situation, it is either overly dramatized or, on the contrary, hushed up. If we remove this politicization, then optimal ways solutions to migration problems will be found very quickly. We call it political will - nothing more is needed.

- With what feelings do you leave Russia? What did your experience working in this country give you?

Concluding my mission in Russia, I would like to express words of great gratitude to all colleagues, employees and volunteers of the Russian Red Cross, partners in government and public organizations. I am leaving Russia with a feeling of satisfaction that my work was in demand and needed by specific people. Unfortunately, during the 8 years of my work there were many emergency situations that required me and our entire team to mobilize enormous efforts to provide assistance to victims, in particular, during an accident at Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, large-scale floods in the Far East, Siberia, southern Russia and the North Caucasus. A big test of strength for the Red Cross was the long-term crisis in Syria and neighboring Ukraine and the associated massive flows of internally displaced persons.

Over the years, with high quality new level Our dialogue with the Russian government has increased, which has allowed us to develop our cooperation in a variety of areas - not only on Russian issues, but also on the global humanitarian agenda, in which Russia is an important player. During the period of my work, we organized 5 visits of our leadership: a visit of the President of the Federation, 4 visits of our general secretaries- current and previous ones, during which a number of high-level meetings were held.

- What was the biggest challenge for you in working here, and what helped you overcome the difficulties?

In geographical terms, at the very beginning of the mission, it was not easy for me to perceive the scale of Russia and its administrative structure. For me - a native of Tajikistan, a small country compared to Russia, whose population is less than the population of Moscow, and the entire territory can be crossed by car in a day - the difficulty was the decision-making mechanism and the peculiarities of the social situation in each region.

During my work, I visited 51 regions of Russia, several of which I visited several times, which gave me a unique opportunity to get acquainted with the nature, culture and characteristics of each region. Russia is a unique country in all respects, and its main asset - its multinational composition, abundance of cultures, traditions and customs - is important and needs to be preserved and strengthened. Probably, this interest in understanding this vast country helped me overcome objective difficulties.

Ever since my school days I really liked Tyutchev’s poem:

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

The general arshin cannot be measured:

She will become special -

You can only believe in Russia.

But only when you get to Russia, live in this country, do you begin to understand the meaning of these lines. I still have many friends and colleagues here, so in my mind I am not leaving Russia and am confident that we will continue our work for the benefit of those who need our help.

- Thank you for the interview. Good luck in your new place.

Interviewed by Nigora Bukhari-zade

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies summed up the results of its activities in Russia and the CIS in 2013.

One of the most dramatic humanitarian events in the past year was large-scale flooding in a number of regions Far East, covering the Amur region, Khabarovsk region and the Jewish Autonomous Region.

At the request of the Russian Red Cross (RRC), funds in the amount of about half a million Swiss francs were allocated to provide urgent assistance to 9 thousand of the most vulnerable categories of citizens in all three affected regions, which made it possible to provide them with food and non-food assistance, as well as hygiene items and bedding .

In total, from the beginning of the disaster to the present time, donations amounting to more than 200 million rubles (about 6 million Swiss francs), as well as more than 400 tons of food and non-food humanitarian aid have been received into the RKK's bank accounts. RKK provided hundreds of victims with essential items for damage restoration, furniture, household appliances(refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, etc.).

The activity of the population and corporate social responsibility of business also played a major role in providing assistance to the victims. Thus, in the very first days of the disaster, the Coca-Cola company provided more than 30 tons of bottled drinking water to the population in the disaster area who had problems accessing safe water sources.

The traditions of charity in Russia are gradually being revived, people do not remain indifferent to the misfortune of others and are ready to respond, notes the head of the regional office of the IFRC in Russia Davron Mukhamadiev.

“Help for the Far East was collected with all our hearts, without formalism, such as, for example, mountain honey sent by the Republic of Ingushetia to Khabarovsk, or food packages carefully collected in the Siberian regions,” says Mukhamadiev.

At the same time, he said, it is important for people to understand that help must be needed, so attempts to collect and send used clothing or other items with expiring dates to the disaster zone do not stand up to criticism.
“The most important of our principles, which our international KK and KP movement adheres to throughout the world, is that assistance should not cause conflict among the population and, most importantly, not humiliate human dignity. Therefore, I think that now that the population understands the importance of providing assistance, our common task is to create a culture of donations,” emphasizes the head of the regional office of the IFRC in Russia.

Speaking about the prospects for activities in 2014, a representative of the International Red Cross notes that one of the global initiatives is the introduction of the Russian language as the fifth working language of the IFRC, along with English, French, Spanish and Arabic. An important priority in 2014, cooperation with the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the Ministry of Health, as well as on such important sites, such as the Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS, interaction with the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in matters of increasing the effectiveness of response to disasters and emergencies in the CIS and the legal regulation of international humanitarian assistance.

The head of the Moscow regional office of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Davron Mukhamadiev, gave a lecture at the Summer Campus of the Presidential Academy.

Speaking to the participants of the Summer Campus, the expert spoke about the humanitarian consequences of crises and emergencies, as well as the possibilities of assistance in large-scale disasters. A crisis situation is a huge event that goes beyond the ordinary and is very dangerous for those involved in this situation, causing a feeling of defenselessness, fear and horror. The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies protect people facing just such situations.

Davron Mukhamadiev gave classifications of emergency situations, highlighting natural and man-made among them. Social incidents include violence, conflict, terrorism, migration, border violations, poverty, and drug addiction. For victims, the course of normal life is disrupted, the person loses everything. A crisis situation is accompanied by chaos and stress. This leads to panic and complete confusion. “People don't know what to do. Emergency situation- this is a great sudden misfortune and terrible disaster, which brings great unrest,” the expert added.

Usually people are not prepared for such situations, either physically or mentally. The poor suffer the most because they are the most vulnerable. “Immediate action is needed here. But who should help people? – the speaker addressed the students. For this purpose special international organizations who have the appropriate resources and authority. Such issues are dealt with by NATO, military peacekeepers, non-governmental organizations, the UN and others. However, they all operate to different standards. Organizations must be impartial. For example, they can evaluate which side is complicating the situation, but do not accept either side. The safety of staff and volunteers is important; while helping, they also often become victims.

Among the challenges modern world– an increase in the number of natural disasters, accelerated urbanization, climate change, increased poverty, refugee movements, migration, violence and others. The behavior of countries during conflicts is regulated by the 4th Geneva Convention.

The organizers of the Summer Campus of the Presidential Academy are the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, the government of the Republic of Tatarstan with the support of the ACIG Group of Companies.

Website of the Summer Campus of the Presidential Academy: www.campus4youth.ru

Media accreditation: Dmitry Sokolov, press secretary of RANEPA (tel. +7 903 788-38-02).

General partner: Coca-Cola. Strategic partner: Johnson & Johnson. Partners: AIRR, Tatneft, AKIG Group of Companies.

Strategic information partner: TASS. Main information partner: Lenta.RU. Campus news agency: Interfax. Campus online media: Gazeta.RU. Campus magazine: Forbes. Campus newspaper: Parliamentary Gazette. Main regional information partner: “ Real time" Regional information partner: Tatar-inform news agency. Informational partner for the Republic of Tatarstan: “Expert Tatarstan”.

Campus partners: “RBC Tatarstan”, “Russian News Service”, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, “Polit.ru”, State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company “Tatarstan”, weekly newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, “Radio Liberty”, TRC “Kazan”, Tatcenter.ru, “Kazanskie Vedomosti” and “Strategy” magazine.

Member of the encyclopedia "Famous Scientists"

Mukhamadiev Davron Mansurovich was born on December 23, 1970 in Dushanbe, Tajik SSR. After graduating from high school, he entered the pediatric faculty of the Tajik State Medical Institute. Abuali ibni Sino.

He is the founder and first President of the Association of Students and Young Medical Professionals of Tajikistan (1991-1996).

In 1992, after graduating from TSMI, he was hired as an assistant at the Department of Forensic Medicine. In 1993, he entered graduate school at the Department of Psychiatry of the Medical University, from which he graduated in 1997, successfully defending his thesis on the topic: “Socio-demographic, ethnic and clinical characteristics of Tajik women who committed auto-aggressive actions by self-immolation” at the State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic psychiatry named after V.P. Serbsky (Moscow) in 1998. A student of the well-known psychiatric school in the USSR, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor Minkhozh Gulyamovich Gulyamov. Based on the results of scientific research, he was awarded the title of Laureate of the Prize of the Youth Union of Tajikistan in the field of science and technology. In 1994-1996, he was a forensic expert, and later deputy head of the forensic medical examination center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan. He took an active part in the organization of the military forensic medical service of the armed forces: he participated in the formation of forensic medical examination structures in all regions of Tajikistan, for which he was awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Tajikistan. In the period 1992-2005, he was an assistant and later an associate professor at the Department of Forensic Medicine of TSMU.

Close cooperation with Russian and European scientists occupies an important place in the activities of D.M. Mukhamadiev. Having begun during D.M. Mukhamadiev’s postgraduate studies, it later developed into serious joint Scientific research. In 2003, at a meeting of the dissertation council of the State Scientific Center social and forensic psychiatry named after. V.P. Serbsky (Moscow), under the guidance of Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor T.B. Dmitrieva, successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “Sociocultural characteristics, clinical-psychopathological characteristics and medical and social rehabilitation of repatriated Tajik refugee women.” Academician Russian Academy Medical Sciences, Professor T.B. Dmitrieva, highly appreciating the level of scientific research by D.M. Mukhamadiev, noted that the research carried out is of great significance not only for Tajik psychiatry but also for Russian science and practical psychiatry due to the high relevance of the problem of providing psychiatric care to the population in emergency situations.

In 2005, based on the results of scientific research, D.M. Mukhamadiev was awarded the State Prize in the field of science and technology. Ismoili Somoni. He is the author of more than 120 scientific works published in international, Russian and Tajik scientific publications, including 3 monographs, 4 methodological manuals and guidelines for psychiatrists and forensic experts. During the period 2006-2008, under his scientific supervision, three dissertations for the academic degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences were prepared and defended at universities in Sweden, Russia and Uzbekistan. D.M. Mukhamadiev is a member of the editorial board of the International scientific journal “Bulletin of Psychiatry and Psychology” (Russia).

At the invitation of various scientific societies, D.M. Mukhamadiev makes presentations at international scientific conferences in many countries around the world. The letter of gratitude from the Management of the Swedish National Institute of Psychosocial Medicine noted: “Rich experience and high professionalism allowed us to obtain unique and interesting data on the prevalence of long-term clinical outcomes of post-traumatic stress disorder among the population affected by armed conflict.”

In 2002, he successfully completed an internship in psychiatry organized by the American-Austrian Foundation (AAF) and the Welsh medical college Cornell University (USA). In 2010, he was accepted as a foreign member of the New York Academy of Sciences as part of the program: “Scientists without Borders” in the section “Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences”. In the welcoming letter from the President of the Academy, John Sexton, to D.M. Mukhamadiev, it was noted that: “...membership in the Academy represents a unique opportunity for active scientific cooperation with scientists various countries world, allowing us to generalize the experience of science and culture of different countries of the world.”

Davron Mukhamadiev is a recognized expert in the field of studying the characteristics of the formation of mental disorders caused by stress. His research interests include human responses to emergencies, disasters, armed conflicts and mass displacements. Gender issues related to the sociocultural characteristics of microsocial stress in Tajik women occupy a special place in the scientific research of D.M. Mukhamadiev.

Since 1996, D.M. Mukhamadiev has been combining scientific research with humanitarian work as an employee of the Red Cross. From 1996 to 2005, he was vice-president of the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan and coordinated assistance to the most vulnerable categories of the population. As a specialist in socio-psychological assistance in emergency situations, he actively participated in the program for the return of Tajik refugees from Afghanistan, and later in 2005-2006, as a health delegate of the Dutch Red Cross, he led medical assistance programs for internally displaced persons as a result of the armed conflict in Sudan . For active participation in disaster preparedness and response programs he was awarded the honorary badge of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Tajikistan.

Since 2009, D.M. Mukhamadiev has been the head of health programs of the Representative Office of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Russia, Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine

Scientific publications:

Monographs

1.Tajik women: psychology and stress rehabilitation./ Monograph. For psychiatrists, psychologists and specialists in the field of gender relations. Dushanbe, 2006. 160 p.

2.Suicides in Tajikistan: international methods of recording and assessment

and study criteria./

A practical guide for forensic experts, psychiatrists, sociologists and demographers. UN Women's Fund, Dushanbe, 2008. 36 p.

3.Borderline mental disorders and quality of life

victims of mine-explosive trauma./ Monograph. For psychiatrists, psychologists and social rehabilitation specialists. 167 p. (.R.H.Muminova).

4.Forensic medical and medical-social issues of suicidology./ for forensic experts, psychiatrists, sociologists and demographers. Dushanbe, 2009.121 p. (F.I. Ganiev).

5.Domestic violence as an obstacle to equality and

development./ Gender equality: Tajikistan. A guide for specialists in the field of gender studies. Series of publications. 2007 UNIFEM/SIDA.

1. Preliminary data on the formation of psychogenic depression in internally displaced persons // Ross. psychiatrist. magazine –2000.- No. 5.- P.15-17 (co-authored by Dmitrieva T.B., Immerman K.L.)

2. On the factors of socio-psychological disadaptation of refugees in places of their temporary stay // Ross. psychiatrist. journal - 2000. - No. 6.-53-56. (co-author: Dmitrieva T.B., Immerman K.L.).

3. Social and psychological problems of persons in forced migration // Health and population, UNFPA, 2000.-№1.- P.20-22

4. Some clinical features of prolonged depressive states among the female contingent of repatriated refugees // Ross. psychiatrist. journal - 2003. - No. 3. - C 23-25.

5. Features of depressive states in repatriated refugee women // J. Neurol. and a psychiatrist. them. S.S. Korsakov. 2003.- Vol. 103.- No. 1.-P.21-23.

6. Pathocharacterological development of personality in the picture of mental disorders of repatriated refugee women.// Journal of News of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan.-2003 P.

7. Features of the formation of neurotic disorders associated with stress in repatriated refugee women // J. Payomi Sino (Avicenna Bulletin). - 2003. - No. 1-2. - P.

8. Some aspects of socio-psychological assessment of the quality of life in various groups of the population of Tajikistan // Journal “Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation” / Moscow. 2005, No. 4, pp. 53-55. (R.Kh. Muminova).

9. The validity of Screening instruments for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other anxiety symptoms in Tajikistan // American Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2007 Nov; 195(11):955-958. (Anna Clara Hollander).

10. Socio-psychiatric assessment of the quality of life of civilians injured as a result of mine explosion trauma // Russian psychiatrist. magazine - 2010.-No. 1 - P. 63-67 (R.Kh. Muminova)

Materials of scientific and practical conferences

1 TO current state the question of psychogenic disorders in persons who have suffered extreme psychotraumatic

situation //Materials scientific conference, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the birth of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor M.G. Gulyamov, Dushanbe. - 1999. - P.42-45

2. On the issue of organizing socio-psychological psychiatric care for refugees // Materials of the 1st scientific conference of young medical scientists of Tajikistan, “New in the diagnosis and prevention of human diseases”. Dushanbe.- 2000.- P.36-38.

3. The influence of social and environmental factors on the formation of psychogenic depression in women. // Collection of scientific works of the Taj. Scientific Research Institute of Professional Medicine Dushanbe. - 2000. - P. 173-177 (Co-authored by N.M. Sharopova, K. L. Immerman).

4. Some aspects of family diagnosis of reactive states in refugees // Sat. articles of YI scientific-practical conference" Modern methods diagnosis and treatment of diseases" TIPPMK, Dushanbe. - 2000. - P.349-353

5. On the issue of clinical types of post-traumatic stress disorders in refugees // Sat. scientific articles of the 49th scientific and practical conference of the Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali ibni Sino “Adaptation, stress, health”, Dushanbe. - 2001. - P.110-114

6. The influence of premorbid personality characteristics on the outcomes of socio-psychological maladaptation of repatriated refugee women. // Sat. scientific articles of the 49th scientific and practical conference of the Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali ibni Sino “Adaptation, stress, health.” - Dushanbe. - 2001. - P.686-690

7. Problems of socio-psychological maladjustment of refugees in places of their temporary stay. // Materials of the scientific and practical conference, dedicated to the day memory corresponding member RAMS, Prof. M.G. Gulyamov, and the 60th anniversary of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 1, pos. Leninsky.- 2001.- P.25-28.

8. On the issue of the influence of some socio-cultural factors on the duration of socio-psychological maladjustment of repatriated refugees. // Materials of the scientific and practical conference dedicated to the day of memory of corresponding member. RAMS, Prof. M.G. Gulyamov, and the 60th anniversary of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the village. Leninsky, 2001.- P.28-32.

9. The effectiveness of the individual interview method in the study of sociocultural factors of maladaptation among repatriated refugees // Materials of the scientific and practical conference dedicated to the day of memory, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. M.G. Gulyamov, and the 60th anniversary of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the village. Leninsky, 2001.- P.32-35.

10. Issues of medical and social rehabilitation of repatriated refugees // Materials of the scientific and practical conference dedicated to the day of memory of corresponding member. RAMS, Prof. M.G. Gulyamov, and the 60th anniversary of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the village. Leninsky, 2001.- P.32-40 (Co-authored by N.M. Sharopova).

11. On the issue of social and psychological disadaptation of repatriated refugee children of Tajikistan // Materials of the republican conference with international participation, dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the Republican Psychoneurological Dispensary, Cheboksary, Russia. - 2002. - P.70-73

12. Some data on the clinical course and outcomes of socio-psychological maladaptation of refugee children // Materials of the republican conference with international participation, dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the Republican psychoneurological dispensary, Cheboksary, Russia, 2002.- P. 163-165

13. The concept of psychosocial assistance of the Red Cross as a model of public support in emergency situations // Proceedings of the scientific and practical conference “Legal and ethical problems of psychiatric care”, Moscow 2009, pp. 127-128.

14. Analysis of socio-psychological problems of the population affected by the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. // Materials of the IV Congress of Psychiatrists, Narcologists, Psychotherapists, Medical Psychologists of Chuvashia. Cheboksary, 2010. pp. 138-140 (L.V. Chibisenkova).

15. Some features of the formation of chronic personality changes in persons who have experienced an extreme psychotraumatic situation in childhood and adolescence.// Materials of the IV Congress of Psychiatrists, Narcologists, Psychotherapists, Medical Psychologists of Chuvashia. Cheboksary, 2010. pp. 82-84.

1. Socio-clinical aspects of diagnosing mental disorders in refugees. //Methodological recommendations for psychiatrists. Dushanbe.- 2002.- 29 p.

2. Organization of socio-psychological assistance to refugees in places of their temporary stay. // Methodological recommendations for doctors. - Dushanbe. - 2003. - 21 p.

3. Organization of socio-psychological assistance to repatriated refugees in places of their compact residence.// Methodological recommendations for doctors. - Dushanbe. - 2003. - 11 p.

4.Features of forensic medical diagnosis of suicide by hanging.// Methodological developments for forensic experts. Methodological Council of the Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Republic of Tajikistan. - Dushanbe. - 2007. - 24 p.

5. Some aspects of medical and social prevention of suicide. // Methodological developments for forensic experts. Methodological Council of the Center for Forensic Medical Examination of the Republic of Tajikistan. - Dushanbe. - 2007. - 18 p.

Rationalization proposals

1. Method for assessing the quality of life of sick and disabled people in

Republic of Tajikistan based on the ethnocultural adaptation of the international questionnaire SF-36. // Certificate for rationalization proposal No. 3077-R –287 dated February 9, 2005. // TSMU named after. Abuali ibn Sino. (R.Kh. Muminova)

2. Method of clinical-psychopathological assessment of quality of life based on ethno-cultural adaptation of the express method. // Certificate for rationalization proposal No. 3091-R -304 dated March 14, 2005. // TSMU named after. Abuali ibn Sino. (R.Kh. Muminova)